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| '''Persianization''' or '''Persianisation''' is a process describe a cultural and/or linguistic change in which something non-Persian (Iranian) becomes Persian (or Iranian). People may also be Persianized culturally; an ] to Iran becomes ''Iraninized'' as he or she ] to the ]. | '''Persianization''' or '''Persianisation''' is a process describe a cultural and/or linguistic change in which something non-Persian (Iranian) becomes Persian (or Iranian). People may also be Persianized culturally; an ] to Iran becomes ''Iraninized'' as he or she ] to the ]. | ||
| It |
It was commonly used in connection with non-Iranian peoples living in Iranian territories, especially during the middle-ages like ]s, and various ] (such as the ] and ]).<ref>Bhatia, Tej K., ''The handbook of bilingualism'', (2004), p.788-9</ref> | ||
| In the last century, the term was also used to describe the official policy pursued by ] to assimilate the ethnic minorities in Iran. In particular, within this policy the ] was banned for use on the premises of schools, in theatrical performances, religious ceremonies and in the publication of books.<ref>Tadeusz Swietochowski, Russia and Azerbaijan: A Borderland in Transition. ISBN: 0231070683</ref> | In the last century, the term was also used to describe the official policy pursued by ] to assimilate the ethnic minorities in Iran. In particular, within this policy the ] was banned for use on the premises of schools, in theatrical performances, religious ceremonies and in the publication of books.<ref>Tadeusz Swietochowski, Russia and Azerbaijan: A Borderland in Transition. ISBN: 0231070683</ref> | ||
| ====Loanwords==== | ====Loanwords==== | ||
| Non-Persian words may be Persianized by changing their form and pronunciation to something more familiar to ] speakers. For example, the Arabic word ''لفظ'' (lafaz) has been imported into Persian in the modified form ''لفاظ'' (lafāz). Changing endings in this manner is especially common, and can be frequently seen when foreign words are imported into any language. For example, the Persian word ''لعنتی'' (lanati) is a Persianization of the ] '' لعنته '' (la’nata), meaning "accursed". Also in plural cases, most of the Arabic loanwords have been modified such as the Arabic form for ''کتاب'' (ketâb) is ''کتب'' (kotob) obtained by the root derivation system. In Persian, the plural for the lexical word ''کتاب'' (ketâb) obtained by just adding the Persian plural morpheme ''hâ'' (''کتابها'' ketâb+hâ --> ketâbhâ).<ref>''New Persian'', ; accessed January 11, 2007</ref> Another form of Persianzing is the inclusion of a foreign ] as part of a noun (such as ''alkali'' from the Arabic ''al-qili''). | Non-Persian words may be Persianized by changing their form and pronunciation to something more familiar to ] speakers. For example, the Arabic word ''لفظ'' (lafaz) has been imported into Persian in the modified form ''لفاظ'' (lafāz). Changing endings in this manner is especially common, and can be frequently seen when foreign words are imported into any language. For example, the Persian word ''لعنتی'' (lanati) is a Persianization of the ] '' لعنته '' (la’nata), meaning "accursed". Also in plural cases, most of the Arabic loanwords have been modified such as the Arabic form for ''کتاب'' (ketâb) is ''کتب'' (kotob) obtained by the root derivation system. In Persian, the plural for the lexical word ''کتاب'' (ketâb) obtained by just adding the Persian plural morpheme ''hâ'' (''کتابها'' ketâb+hâ --> ketâbhâ).<ref>''New Persian'', ; accessed January 11, 2007</ref> Another form of Persianzing is the inclusion of a foreign ] as part of a noun (such as ''alkali'' from the Arabic ''al-qili''). | ||
Revision as of 05:55, 12 January 2007
Persianization or Persianisation is a process describe a cultural and/or linguistic change in which something non-Persian (Iranian) becomes Persian (or Iranian). People may also be Persianized culturally; an immigrant to Iran becomes Iraninized as he or she acclimates to the culture.
It was commonly used in connection with non-Iranian peoples living in Iranian territories, especially during the middle-ages like Arabs, and various Turkic peoples (such as the Seljuqs and Ghaznavids).
In the last century, the term was also used to describe the official policy pursued by Reza Shah Pahlavi to assimilate the ethnic minorities in Iran. In particular, within this policy the Azerbaijani language was banned for use on the premises of schools, in theatrical performances, religious ceremonies and in the publication of books.
Loanwords
Non-Persian words may be Persianized by changing their form and pronunciation to something more familiar to Persian speakers. For example, the Arabic word لفظ (lafaz) has been imported into Persian in the modified form لفاظ (lafāz). Changing endings in this manner is especially common, and can be frequently seen when foreign words are imported into any language. For example, the Persian word لعنتی (lanati) is a Persianization of the Arabic لعنته (la’nata), meaning "accursed". Also in plural cases, most of the Arabic loanwords have been modified such as the Arabic form for کتاب (ketâb) is کتب (kotob) obtained by the root derivation system. In Persian, the plural for the lexical word کتاب (ketâb) obtained by just adding the Persian plural morpheme hâ (کتابها ketâb+hâ --> ketâbhâ). Another form of Persianzing is the inclusion of a foreign article as part of a noun (such as alkali from the Arabic al-qili).
Proper names
Place names are commonly Persianized. For example, the Iraq city of "Basra", known in Persian as Basreh, or the Armenian city of "Yerevan" known as Ēravān.
References
- Bhatia, Tej K., The handbook of bilingualism, (2004), p.788-9
- Tadeusz Swietochowski, Russia and Azerbaijan: A Borderland in Transition. ISBN: 0231070683
- New Persian, CAIS Online; accessed January 11, 2007
See also
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