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A member of the order ], the ] (''Balaenoptera musculus'') is believed to be the heaviest animal to have ever lived, with the largest extinct ] believed to surpass the blue whale in terms of dimensions, {{Citation needed|date=June 2009}} but not in weight. The maximum recorded weight was {{convert|190|MT|ST}} for a specimen measuring {{convert|30|m|ft|abbr=on}}, while longer ones, up to {{convert|33.3|m|ft|abbr=on}}, have been recorded but not weighed. |
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The ] (''Loxodonta africana''), of the order ], is the largest living land animal. At birth it is common for an elephant calf to weigh {{convert|100|kg|lb|abbr=on}}. The largest elephant ever recorded was shot in ] in 1956. It was a male and weighed {{convert|24000|lb|kg|abbr=on}}, with an overall length (trunk to tail) of {{convert|10|m|ft|abbr=on}} and a shoulder height of {{convert|3.96|m|ft|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{Cite news| last = Fenykovi| first = Jose| title = The Biggest Elephant Ever Killed By Man| location = USA| pages = 7| publisher = CNN| date = June 4, 1956| url = http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/vault/article/magazine/MAG1069744/7/index.htm| accessdate = <!-----03 April 2009----->}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web| title = Mammals: Elephant| url = http://www.sandiegozoo.org/animalbytes/t-elephant.html| accessdate = April 3, 2010}}</ref> |
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{{R from list topic}} |
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{{R from short name}} |
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=='''Monotreme mammals''' (''Monotremata'')== |
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:The largest extant ] is the ] (''Zaglossus bruijni'') weighing up to 16.5 kg (36.4 lb) and measuring 1 m (3.3 ft) long.<ref><http://rarestzoo.blogspot.com/2006/07/long-beaked-echidna.html></ref> The largest monotreme (]-bearing mammal) ever was the extinct ] species '']'', known only from a few bones found in ]. It was the size of a sheep, weighing probably up to 100 kg (220 lb). |
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=='''Marsupials''' (''Marsupialia'')== |
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:The ] (''Macropus rufus'') is the largest living ]. The maximum size of these lanky mammals is 100 kg (220 lb) and 1.92 m (6.3 ft) tall. Many much larger marsupials existed prehistorically, the largest of which was '']''. This rhino-sized herbivore would have easily exceed 2 tonnes (4,400 lb), 3.3 m (11 ft) in length and 1.83 m (6 ft) in height. The ] (''Sarcophilus harrisii'') is the largest living carnivorous marsupial. The maximum size of these stocky mammals is 10 kg (22.2 lb) and 91 cm (3 ft) long. The largest ever carnivorous marsupial would have been the ] (''Thylacoleo'') and the saber-toothed ]n '']'' (technically a marsupial relative, not a true marsupial), both ranging from {{convert|5|ft|m|abbr=on}} to {{convert|6|ft|m|abbr=on}} long and weighing between 100 kg to 160 kg. |
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=='''Non-Paenungulate Afrotherians''' (''Afroinsectiphilia'')== |
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:The largest species of this clade (which also contains elephant shrews, tenrecs and golden moles) is the ] (''Orycteropus afer''). Aardvarks are typically up to 1.3 m in length with a weight of up to 65 kg, although individuals as large as 100 kg (220 lb) are recorded.<ref></ref> |
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], the largest living terrestrial animal.]] |
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=='''Even-toed Ungulates''' (''Artiodactyla'')== |
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:The largest species in terms of weight is the ] (''Hippopotamus amphibius''), reaching a maximum size of 4,500 kg (10,000 lb), 4.8 m (16 ft) long and 1.66 m (5.5 ft) tall.<ref></ref> The longest-bodied species, and tallest of all living land animals, is the ] (''Giraffa camelopardalis''), measuring up to 5.8 m (19.3 ft), and despite being relatively slender, reaching a top weight of 2,000 kg (4,850 lb).<ref>{{cite news| url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/environmentNews/idUKL228436220071224 | work=Reuters | title=African giraffes endangered | date=2007-12-22}}</ref> Largest bovids are The ] (''Bubalis arnee''), 400 to 900 kg (880 to 2,000 lb) for the domestic breeds, while the wild animals are nearly 3 m (9.8 ft) long and 2 m (6.6 ft) tall, weighing up to 1,200 kg (2,600 lb) ] (''Bos gaurus'') can all grow to weights of over 900 kg (2,000 lb). ] (''Bison bison'') 6 feet 6 inches (2 m) tall, 10 feet (3 m) long, and weigh 900 to 2,200 pounds (410 to 1,000 kg). As typical in ungulates, the male bison is slightly larger than the female. The biggest specimens on record have weighed as much as 2,500 pounds (1,100 kg). ] (''Bison bonasus'') 3 m (10 ft) long and 1.8 to 2.2 m (6 to 7 ft) tall, and weighs 300 to 920 kg (660 to 2,000 lb). ] (''Bos taurus primigenius'') {{convert|25|to|45|kg|lb|0}}. The world record for the heaviest bull was ] (''Ovibos moschatus'') is bull musk ox size {{convert|1.2|m|1|abbr=on}} high at the shoulder on average, with females measuring {{convert|135|to|200|cm|1|abbr=on}} in length, and males {{convert|200|to|250|cm|1|abbr=on}}. Adults, on average, weigh {{convert|285|kg|abbr=on|0}} and range from {{convert|180|to|400|kg|lb|abbr=on|0}} {{convert|1740|kg|lb|-1}}, Largest camelids of ] (''Camelus dromedarius'') Adult males grow to a height of {{nowrap|1.8–2.0 m,}} and females to {{nowrap|1.7–1.9 m.}} The weight is usually in the range of {{nowrap|400–600 kg}}. The largest pig ever recorded was of the breed ] (''Sus scorfa''). It weighed 2,552 lb. (1,157 kg.) in .<ref></ref> |
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=='''Carnivores''' (''Carnivora'')== |
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:The largest species is now, with the inclusion of the ], the ] (''Mirounga leonina'') from the ] family. The top size recorded for this species was 5,000 kg (11,000 lb) and 6.9 m (22.5 ft) long. ] (''Odobenus rosmarus'') {{convert|2000|kg|lb|abbr=on}}, most weigh between {{convert|800|and|1800|kg|lb|abbr=on}}. Females weigh about two-thirds as much, and the Atlantic subspecies weighs about 90%The largest living land carnivores are the ] (''Ursus maritimus'') and the ] (''Ursus arctos''), both from the ] family and both exceptionally exceeding 1 tonne (2,200 lb), 3 m (10 ft) long, and 1.5 m (5 ft) tall at the shoulder. The extinct subspecies of modern polar bear '']'' may be the largest land carnivore in the order (as well as the largest bear) standing {{convert|1.83|m|ftin|abbr=on}}<ref>http://bestiarium.kryptozoologie.net/wp-content/uploads/2007/07/ursus-maritimus-tyrannicus2.JPG</ref> at the shoulder, {{convert|3.7|m|ftin|abbr=on}} long and with an average weight of 1.2 ton or more. ] (''Aliuropoda melanouca'') Adults measure around {{convert|1.5|m|ft|0|sp=us}} long and around {{convert|75|cm|ftin|sp=us}} tall at the ]. Males can weigh up to {{convert|150|kg|lb|sp=us}}. Females (generally 10–20% smaller than males)<ref name="Bearalmanac">{{cite book |author=Brown, Gary |title=Great Bear Almanac |year=1996 |page = 340 |isbn=1558214747}}</ref> can weigh up to {{convert|125|kg|lb|sp=us}}.<ref name=wwf1>{{cite web | url = http://panda.org/about_wwf/what_we_do/species/our_solutions/endangered_species/giant_panda/index.cfm | title = Global Species Programme – Giant panda | publisher = World Wildlife Fund | date = 2007-11-14 | accessdate = 2008-07-22}}</ref> The largest living member of the ] family is the ] (''Panthera tigris altaica'') subspecies, which has an average weight of around 500 lb (230 kg)) for males, but can reach around 600-675 lb (270–310 kb) and weights up to 384 kg (845 lb) are unconfirmed. Even larger were the extinct ] (''Panthera leo atrox'') and the '']'', a saber-toothed cat. The ] (''Panthera tigris × Panthera leo''), the zoo-kept crossbreed of a male ] and a female ], can reach an obese {{convert|798|kg|lb|0|abbr=on}} or {{convert|1756|lb|kg|0|abbr=on}} <!-- was "798 kg (1,756 lb)", which do not agree-->{{Citation needed|date=June 2008}}, and a length of 10 ft (3 m). ], (''Panthera pardus'') 60 kg (132 lb) with 91 kg (200 lb) being the maximum weight attained by a male. Females weigh about 35–40 kg (75–90 lb) on average., ] (''Panthera onca'') low weights of 36 kilograms (80 lb). Females are typically 10–20% smaller than males. The length of the cat varies from 1.62–1.83 metres (5.3–6 ft), and its tail may add a further 75 centimeters (30 in). It stands about 67–76 centimeters (27–30 in) tall at the shoulders, ] (''Acinonyx jubatus''), {{convert|36|to|65|kg|lb|abbr=on}}. Its total body length is from {{convert|115|to|135|cm|in|abbr=on}}, while the tail can measure up to {{convert|84|cm|abbr=on}} in length. Cheetahs are {{convert|67|to|94|cm|in|abbr=on}} ] (''Puma concolor'') 60 to 76 centimeters (2.0 to 2.5 ft) tall at the shoulders. The length of adult males is around 2.4 meters (8 ft) long nose to tail, with overall ranges between 1.5 and 2.75 m (5 and 9 ft) nose to tail suggested for the species The largest known extant member of ] is the wolf, though it could be one of two subspecies-either the ] (''Canis lupus occidentalis''), with a record of 79 kilograms (174 lb) or the ] (''Canis lupus lupus''), with an unnoficial weight of 86 kilograms (190 lb). The largest member of canidae ever is the extinct member of Borophaginae, '']'', which has had two different measurements-one at 101 kilograms (224 lb), and one at 85 kilograms (188 lb). |
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] is the largest oceanic ].]] |
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=='''Whales''' (''Cetacea'')== |
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:The largest whale and animal is the aforementioned blue whale, a ] (Mysticeti). The largest baleen whale ] (''Balaenoptera musculus'') maximum recorded weight was {{convert|190|MT|ST}} for a specimen measuring {{convert|30|m|ft|abbr=on}}, while longer ones, up to {{convert|33.3|m|ft|abbr=on}} ] (''Megaptera novaengeliae'') {{convert|12|-|16|m|ft|sp=us}} and weigh approximately {{convert|36000|kg|lb}} ] (''Eubalaena glacialis'') {{convert|35|-|55|ft|m}} in length and weigh up to seventy tons (63,500 kg); the largest measured specimens have been {{convert|60|ft|m}} long and {{convert|117|t}}. Females are larger than males. ] (''Balaena mysticetus'') it can grow to {{convert|20|m|ft|sp=us}} in length. Estimated maximum weight of this thick-bodied species is {{convert|136|t}}. The largest toothed whale (Odontoceti) is the ] (''Physeter macrocephalus''), bulls of which range usually range up to 18 metres (60 ft) and a mass of 50 tonnes (55 short tons), but may possibly grow considerably larger. The ] or Killer Whale (''Orcinus orca'') is the largest species of the oceanic dolphin family (Delphinidae). Males normally grow from 6.5–8 m long (20–25 ft) and weigh in excess of 6 tonnes; it has been reported that especially large males have reached nearer 8 tonnes. Females are smaller, growing from 5.7–7 m (18–22 ft) and a weight of about 5 tonnes. The longest Orca ever recorded was a male off the coast of Japan, measuring 9.8 m (32 ft). ] (''Berardius arnouxi'') to 12m but all dead specimens have been considerably smaller. The Baird's on the other hand have been confirmed to grow to 12-13m. The weight is up to 14,000 kg. ] (''Hyperoodon'' sp.) {{convert|5800|–|7500|kg|lb}} is given somewhat consistently.<ref></ref><ref></ref> For the southern bottlenose whale, there is a single figure of 6–8 tonnes.<ref></ref> ] (''Mesoplodon bidens'') are size (frequently has ] bites and scars from teeth (in males). The whale reaches 5 metres (16 ft) ] (''Mesoplodon bowdoini'') males 4.5 meters (15 feet). ] (''Mesoplodon carlhubbsi'') beak as well. They reach a length of 5.4 meters (18 feet) and weigh 1500 kg (3300 lbs) ] (''Mesoplodon densirostris'') Males reach at least 4.4 meters (14 ft 6 in) and 800 kg (1800 pounds), ] (''Mesoplodon europaeus'') start off with a lighter coloration, but soon darken. Males are 4.5 meters (15') ] (''Mesoplodon gingkodens'') 4.9 meters (16 feet) 4.8 meters ] (''Mesoplodon grayi'') Females reach at least 5.3 meters (17 feet 6 inches) whereas males reach 5.7 meters (19 feet) and weigh around 1100 kilograms (2400 pounds). They are believed to be around 2.4 meters (7 feet 10 inches) ] (''Mesoplodon hectori'') maximum length of about 4.2 meters (1.9 m when born), and with an estimated weight of about 1 tonne (1.032 tons), Hector's is one the smallest of the beaked whales. ] (''Mesoplodon layardi'') Males can reach around 5.9 meters (19 feet 6 inches) whereas females reach 6.2 meters (20 feet) and likely weigh around 1000-1300 kilograms (2200-2900 pounds). This indicates that they are probably the largest species in the genus. Newborn calves may get up to 2.8 meters (9 feet) in length.] (''Mesoplodon mirus'') are present on males. This species reaches around 5.3 meters (17 feet 6 inches) ] (''Mesoplodon perrini'') male specimen was 3.9 meters in length (13 feet) and the female was 4.4 meters (14 feet 8 inches) ] (''Monodon monoceros'') 2–3 meter (7–10 ft) long ]. It is an ] tooth that projects from the left side of the upper jaw and forms a left-handed ]. The tusk can be up to 3 meters (9.8 ft) long (compared with a body length of 4–5 meters (13–16 ft)) and weigh up to 10 kilograms (22 lb). About one in 500 ] (''Delphinapterus leuca'') Male belugas are larger than females. Males can reach {{convert|5.5|m|ft|sp=us}} long, while females grow to {{convert|4.1|m|ft|sp=us}}.<ref name=princeton>{{ |
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cite book |title=Whales, Dolphins and Other Marine Mammals of the World|author=Shirihai, H. & Jarrett, B. |year=2006 |pages=97–100 |isbn=0-69112757-3 |publisher=Princeton Univ. Press|location=Princeton}}</ref> Males weigh between {{convert|1100|and|1600|kg|lb|lk=on}} while females weigh between {{convert|700|and|1200|kg|lb}}. |
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== '''Bats''' (''Chiroptera'')== |
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:The largest ] species is the ] (''Acerodon jubatus''), a rare ] and ] that is part of the ] family. The maximum size is believed to approach 1.5 kg (3.3 lb), 55 cm (22 in) long, and the wingspan may be almost 1.8 m (6 ft). The ] (''Vampyrum spectrum''), averaging 168 grams (6 oz), 13.5 cm (5¼ in) and about 80 cm (32 in) in wingspan, is believed to be the largest carnivorous bat, belonging to the ] family. |
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=='''Armadillos''' (''Cingulata'')== |
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:The extant giant of this group is the ] (''Priodontes maximus''). The top size for this species is 60 kg (132 lb) and 1.5 m (5 ft) in length. Much larger prehistoric examples are known, especially '']'', which easily topped 2.7 m (9 ft) and 2 tonnes (4,400 lb). |
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=='''Colugos''' (''Dermoptera'')== |
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:Of the two ] species in the order ''Dermoptera'' of gliding arboreal mammals in ], the largest and most common is the ] (''Cynocephalus varigatus''). The maximum size is 2 kg (4.4 lb) and 73 cm (29 in). |
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=='''Hedgehogs, gymnures, shrews, and moles''' (''Erinaceomorpha'' & ''Soricomorpha'')== |
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:The largest of these two orders of small mammals is the ] (''Echinosorex gymnura''), the maximum size of which is over 2 kg (4.4 lb) and 60 cm (24 in). |
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=='''Hyraxes''' (''Hyracoidea'')== |
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:The largest species of hyrax seems to be the ] (''Procavia capensis''), at up to 5.4 kg (12 lb) and 73 cm (29 in) long. |
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=='''Rabbits, Hares, & Pikas''' (''Lagomorpha'')== |
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:The largest breed is the ], which is up to 12.7 kg (28 lb), the ] (''Lepus europaeus''), is up to 6.6 kg (14.6 lb) and 76 cm (30 in) long. |
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]]] |
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=='''Odd-toed Ungulates''' (''Perissodactyla'')== |
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:The largest extant species is the ] (''Ceratotherium simum''). The largest size this species can attain is 4,500 kg (10,000 lb), 4.7 m (15½ ft) long, and 2 m (6½ ft) tall.<ref name=Now>{{cite web |url = http://196.36.153.129/cms/african-rhino/irie.aspx| title = African Rhinoceros | work = ] | accessdate = 2008-03-19 }}</ref> It is slightly larger than the ] (''Rhinoceros unicornis''). ] (''Diceros bicornis'') {{convert|140|–|170|cm|in|abbr=on}} high at the shoulder and is {{convert|3.3|-|3.6|m|ft|abbr=on}} in length.<ref name=WAZA>{{Cite web | url = http://www.waza.org/virtualzoo/factsheet.php?id=118-003-003-001&view=Rhinos&main=virtualzoo | title = Black Rhinoceros | work = ] | accessdate = 2007-10-09 | author = Dollinger, Peter and Silvia Geser }}</ref> An adult weighs from {{convert|800|to|1400|kg|lb|abbr=on}}. ] (''Rhinoceros sondaicus'') are size but at 3.1–3.2 m (10–10.5 feet) in length and 1.4–1.7 m (4.6–5.8 ft) ] (''Dicerorhinus sumatrensis'') standing about 120–145 centimetres (3.9–4.8 ft) high at the shoulder, with a body length of {{convert|250|cm|in|sp=us}} and weight of 500–800 ] (1100–1760 lb) The largest land mammal ever was '']'' or ''Indricotherium'' (formerly known as the ''Baluchitherium''), a member of this order. It stood up to 5.5 m (18 ft) tall, measured over 9 m (30 ft) long and may have weighed up to 20 tonnes (22 short tons) though mass estimates vary widely. the largest equid ] (''Equus ferus caballus'') inches. One hand is equal to {{convert|101.6|mm|in|0}}. The height is expressed as the number of full hands, followed by a decimal point, then the number of additional inches. Thus, a horse described as "15.2 h" is 15 hands ({{convert|60|in|cm|1}}) plus {{convert|2|in|cm|1}}, for a total of {{convert|62|in|cm|1}} in height |
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=='''Pangolins''' (''Pholiodata'')== |
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:The largest species of ] is the ] (''Manis gigantea''), at up to 1.7 m (5.8 ft) and at least 40 kg (88 lb). |
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=='''Anteaters and sloths''' (''Pilosa'')== |
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:The largest species is easily the ] (''Myrmecophaga tridactyla''). A large adult can weigh as much as 65 kg (143 lb) and measure 2.4 m (8 ft) in overall length. The ]s attained much larger sizes prehistorically, the largest of which were '']'' which, at an estimated average weight of 4.5 tonnes (5 short tons) and height of 5.1 m (17 ft), was about the same size as the ]. |
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] is the largest living primate.]] |
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=='''Primates''' (''Primates'')== |
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:The ] (''Gorilla beringei graueri'') is the largest living ]. The maximum size of a male gorilla can be over 225 kg (500 lb) and 1.8 m (6 ft) in the wild, with much heavier weights recorded in captivity. '']'' is the largest known primate ever, probably averaged 3 m (10 ft) tall and weighing 300 to 550 kg (700 to 1,200 lb). It lived from around five million years ago to about 300,000 years ago in the region of India and China. |
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:]s (''Homo sapiens'') can ] (largest ever documented human, ], was {{Convert|636|kg|lb|abbr=on}}. However, these are cases of morbid ], ], and other medical malady. Similarly, humans can ] (tallest documented was 8 ft 11 inches (272 cm), ]) due to ]. Even when not afflicted with gigantism, humans are the tallest living primates. ] (''Pongo pygmaeus'') life span of about 35 to 40 years in the wild; in ] it can live to be 60.{{Citation needed|date=May 2010}} A survey of wild orangutans found that males weigh on average 75 kg (165 lb), ranging from 50–100 kg (110-200 lb), and 1.2-1.4 m (4-4.7 ft) long; females averaging 38.5 kg (82 lb), ranging from 30–50 kg (66-110 lb), and 1-1.2 m (3.3–4 ft) long.<ref>Wood, The Guinness Book of Animal Facts and Feats. Sterling Pub Co Inc (1983), ISBN 978-0-85112-235-9</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Pongo_pygmaeus.html |title=ADW: Pongo pygmaeus: Information |publisher=Animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu |date=2009-06-28 |accessdate=2009-07-03}}</ref> |
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== '''Elephants, mammoths, and mastodons''' (''Proboscidea'')== |
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:Most extinct species in the order '']'', such as ]s and ]s, did not dwarf the modern ]. The ], standing up to 5 m (16 ft) tall, and '']'', which may have surpassed 14 tonnes (15 short tons) are generally considered the largest species. However, recent evidence shows that the largest mammoth ever was the ]{{Citation needed|date=December 2008}} of China. '']'' and '']'' were also enormous, rivaling the Songhua River Mammoth in size. While African elephants do not normally exceed 7 tonnes in weight, some 'freak' specimens can exceed 12 tonnes, placing the modern African elephant in the list of the largest probiscids ever. ] (''Elephas maximus'') tends to grow to around {{convert|2|to|3.6|m|ft|sp=us}} in height and {{convert|3000|–|5000|kg|lb}} in weight. |
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=='''Rodents''' (''Rodentia'')== |
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:The largest living ] is the ] (''Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris''), native to most of the ] and ] parts of South America east of the ], always near water. Full-grown capybaras can reach a top size of {{convert|80|kg|lb|abbr=on}}, {{convert|1.5|m|ft|abbr=on}} long, and {{convert|90|cm|ft|abbr=on}}. The largest known rodent ever is '']'', an ] species known only from ]s. It was approximately {{convert|3|m|foot|0}} long and {{convert|1.5|m|foot|0}} tall, and is estimated to have weighed around 1 ].<ref name=Rinderknecht>{{cite journal | laysummary = http://journals.royalsociety.org/content/34j867846u164624/ | title = The largest fossil rodent | doi = 10.1098/rspb.2007.1645 | url = http://journals.royalsociety.org/content/34j867846u164624/fulltext.pdf | format = pdf | last = Rinderknecht | first = Andrés | coauthors = R. Ernesto Blanco | date = 2008-01-15 | journal = Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences | accessdate = 2008-01-16 | volume = 275 | pages = 923–8 | pmid=18198140 | issue=1637 | pmc=2599941}}</ref> Prior to the description of ''J. monesi'', the largest known rodent species was '']''. However, this species is known only from very incomplete remains and so its size cannot be estimated with any precision. An almost complete skeleton of its slightly smaller ] relative '']'' was discovered in ] in 2000; it was 3 m (10 ft) long, with an additional 1.5 m (5 ft) tail, and probably weighed around 700 kg (1,540 lb). |
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=='''Tree Shrews''' (''Scandentia'')== |
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:The largest of the tree shrews seems to be the ] (''Tupaia glis''), at up to 187 ] (6.6 ]) and 40 cm (17 in). |
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=='''Dugongs and manatees''' (''Sirenia'')== |
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:The largest living species in the order '']'' of ]s and ]s is the ] (''Trichechus manatus''). The maximum size of this species is 1,590 kg (3,500 lb) and 4.1 m (13.5 ft). However, the extinct ] (''Hydrodamalis gigas'') was much larger, growing up to at least 7.9 m (26 ft) long and weighing up to 11 tonnes (12.1 short tons). |
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== References== |
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{{reflist}} |
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] |
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