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{{Short description|Species of fish}}
{{italic title}}
{{Speciesbox
{{Taxobox
| image =
⚫ | name = Typhleotris
| image = | status = CR
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| regnum = ]
| status_ref = <ref name=iucn>{{cite journal | author1 = FishBase team RMCA | author2 = Sparks, J.S. | name-list-style = amp | year = 2016 | title = ''Typhleotris mararybe'' | journal = ] | volume = 2016 | page = e.T57499221A58341136 | doi = 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T57499221A58341136.en | doi-access = free }}</ref>
| phylum = ]
⚫ | taxon = Typhleotris mararybe
| classis = ]
⚫ | authority = Sparks & ], 2012
| ordo = ]
| familia = ]
| genus = '']''
| species = '''''T. mararybe'''''
| binomial = ''Typhleotris mararybe''
⚫ | binomial_authority = John S. Sparks and Prosanta Chakrabarty, 2012
}} }}


'''''Typhleotris mararybe''''' is a species of ] ] ] to caves in ]. It is unique among known cave-dwelling fish in that is both blind and darkly pigmented.<ref name=journal>{{cite journal |last1=Sparks |first1=John S. |last2=Chakrabarty |first2=Prosanta |year=2012 |title=Revision of the endemic Malagasy cavefish genus ''Typhleotris'' (Teleostei: Gobiiformes: Milyeringidae), with discussion of its phylogenetic placement and description of a new species |journal=American Museum Novitates |volume=3764 |issue= |pages=1-28 |publisher= |doi=10.1206/3764.2 |url= |accessdate=August 4, 2013}} </ref> It has a well-developed sensory system and will dive to avoid approaching objects. The fish was first discovered in 2012.<ref name=Guardian /> '''''Typhleotris mararybe''''' is a ] species of ] in the family ], the blind cave gobies. It is a ] species ] to cave habitat in southwestern ]. It is unique among known cave-dwelling fish in that is both ] and darkly pigmented.<ref name=journal>Sparks, J. S. and P. Chakrabarty. (2012). ''American Museum Novitates'' 3764, 1-28.</ref> It has well-developed nonvisual sensory systems and dives to avoid approaching objects. The fish was first collected in 2008 and was ] as a new species in 2012.<ref name=journal/>


==Description== ==Description==
''Typhleotris mararybe'' is a small fish, measuring approximately {{convert|38|mm|in}} in length. Its entire body is dark brown in color. Its fins are mostly white (lacking in pigment) with brown bases. ''T. mararybe'' has a well-developed sensory system, using a series of pores on its head to "see" its way around in the dark caves in inhabits. The fish does not have any eyes.<ref name=Guardian /> It is the only cave fish that is both blind and darkly pigmented.<ref name=journal /> ''Typhleotris mararybe'' is about {{convert|38|mm|in|abbr=on}} long. The body is uniformly dark brown in color, and the fins are mostly white with brown bases. Its sensory systems include a series of pores on its head, but it ].<ref name=Guardian />


''T. mararybe'' is relatively slow moving, although more responsive to approaching objects than the closely related '']''. It will dive in an attempt to escape approaching objects.<ref name=Guardian /> It can be distinguished from other members of '']'' by its dark pigmentation as well as its bone structure.<ref name=journal /> ''T. mararybe'' is possibly the ] of ''T. madagascariensis'', as the two share characteristics in common that '']'', the only other member of the genus, does not.<ref name=Guardian /> The fish is relatively slow-moving, but more responsive to approaching objects than the closely related '']'', diving to avoid them.<ref name=Guardian /> It can be distinguished from other members of genus '']'' by its dark pigmentation and aspects of its bone structure.<ref name=journal/> ''T. mararybe'' is possibly the ] of ''T. madagascariensis'', as the two share characteristics in common that '']'', the only other member of the genus, does not.<ref name=Guardian /> ''T. mararybe'' may have ] from an ancestral species that lacked pigmentation and was blind, but that pigmentation was regained for ] in parts of the cave that receive sunlight.<ref name=Guardian/>


==Habitat== ==Habitat==
''Typhleotris mararybe'' is one of four ] in Madagascar. It was initially known from only a single cave, a ] ] called the Grotte de Vitane near ], where two specimens were collected,<ref name=Guardian /> but has later been discovered to occur in four additional sinkholes/caves in the region.<ref name=Rasoloariniaina2016>{{cite journal | vauthors=Rasoloariniaina JR, Ganzhorn JU, Riemann JC, Raminosoa N | year=2016 | title=Water quality and biotic interaction of two cavefish species: Typhleotris madagascariensis Petit, 1933 and Typhleotris mararybe Sparks & Chakrabarty, 2012, in the Mahafaly Plateau groundwater system, Madagascar | journal=Subterranean Biology | volume=18 | pages=1–16 | doi=10.3897/subtbiol.18.8321| doi-access=free | url=https://zenodo.org/records/575602/files/SB_article_8321.pdf }}</ref> It is overall less widespread and common than ''T. madagascariensis'', which also occurs in the five caves/sinkholes inhabited by ''T. mararybe''.<ref name=Rasoloariniaina2016/> Despite this, direct ] between the two species is not known.<ref name=Rasoloariniaina2016/>
''Typhleotris mararybe'' is one of four cave-dwelling fishes of Madagascar. It is known from a single cave, the Grotte de Vitane sinkhole where a couple of specimens were captured near the surface. It is probably endangered, but has not been officially classified by ] as of August 2013.<ref name=Guardian />


==Discovery and taxonomic evaluation== ==Taxonomic evaluation==
''Typhleotris mararybe'' was ] by ] and ] in the December 2012 issue of '']'', a publication of the ].<ref name=journal /> It was described based on two specimens that were collected at Grotte de Vitane near ], in south-western Madagascar. Although locals sometimes climb into the water, they were unaware of ''T. mararybe'' before the western expedition found it. The specific name derives from a combination of two ] words – ''marary'', meaning "ill", and ''be'', meaning "big". The name was chosen to commemorate the members of the field team who collected the initial ''T. mararybe'' specimens and became seriously ill in the process.<ref name=Guardian>{{cite news|title=New to nature no 111: Typhleotris mararybe|date=August 3, 2013|work=The Guardian|author=Quentin Wheeler|url=http://www.theguardian.com/science/2013/aug/04/new-to-nature-typhleotris-mararybe|accessdate=August 9, 2013}}</ref> ''Typhleotris mararybe'' was described from the two specimens, the ] and the ], in 2012. It was published in '']'', a ] of the ].<ref name=journal/> Locals sometimes enter the Grotte de Vitane cave where it was first discovered, but were unaware of the species.<ref name=Guardian>{{cite news|title=New to nature no 111: ''Typhleotris mararybe''|date=August 3, 2013|work=The Guardian|author=Wheeler, Q.|url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/2013/aug/04/new-to-nature-typhleotris-mararybe|access-date=August 9, 2013}}</ref>


The ] was derived from the ] words ''marary'' (ill or sick), and ''be'' (big), combined to mean "very sick" or "big sickness". It commemorates an unknown severe illness suffered by members of the field team after their ] expedition to survey the sinkhole.<ref name=journal/>
Given that its congenerics are unpigmented, Sparks and Chakrabarty argue that ''T. mararybe'' evolved from an ancestral species that lacked pigmentation and was blind. They hypothesize that the pigmentation of the species was secondarily regained to aid in camouflage as portions of Grotte de Vitane experience direct sunlight.<ref name=Guardian />


==References== ==References==
{{reflist}} {{Wikiquote}}
{{Wikispecies}}
{{Reflist}}


{{Taxonbar|from=Q15709242}}

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Latest revision as of 17:53, 13 January 2024

Species of fish

Typhleotris mararybe
Conservation status

Critically Endangered  (IUCN 3.1)
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Gobiiformes
Family: Milyeringidae
Genus: Typhleotris
Species: T. mararybe
Binomial name
Typhleotris mararybe
Sparks & Chakrabarty, 2012

Typhleotris mararybe is a critically endangered species of fish in the family Milyeringidae, the blind cave gobies. It is a troglobitic species endemic to cave habitat in southwestern Madagascar. It is unique among known cave-dwelling fish in that is both blind and darkly pigmented. It has well-developed nonvisual sensory systems and dives to avoid approaching objects. The fish was first collected in 2008 and was described to science as a new species in 2012.

Description

Typhleotris mararybe is about 38 mm (1.5 in) long. The body is uniformly dark brown in color, and the fins are mostly white with brown bases. Its sensory systems include a series of pores on its head, but it lacks eyes.

The fish is relatively slow-moving, but more responsive to approaching objects than the closely related T. madagascariensis, diving to avoid them. It can be distinguished from other members of genus Typhleotris by its dark pigmentation and aspects of its bone structure. T. mararybe is possibly the sister species of T. madagascariensis, as the two share characteristics in common that T. pauliani, the only other member of the genus, does not. T. mararybe may have evolved from an ancestral species that lacked pigmentation and was blind, but that pigmentation was regained for camouflage in parts of the cave that receive sunlight.

Habitat

Typhleotris mararybe is one of four cave-dwelling fishes in Madagascar. It was initially known from only a single cave, a karst sinkhole called the Grotte de Vitane near Itampolo, where two specimens were collected, but has later been discovered to occur in four additional sinkholes/caves in the region. It is overall less widespread and common than T. madagascariensis, which also occurs in the five caves/sinkholes inhabited by T. mararybe. Despite this, direct competition between the two species is not known.

Taxonomic evaluation

Typhleotris mararybe was described from the two specimens, the holotype and the paratype, in 2012. It was published in American Museum Novitates, a journal of the American Museum of Natural History. Locals sometimes enter the Grotte de Vitane cave where it was first discovered, but were unaware of the species.

The specific name was derived from the Malagasy words marary (ill or sick), and be (big), combined to mean "very sick" or "big sickness". It commemorates an unknown severe illness suffered by members of the field team after their snorkeling expedition to survey the sinkhole.

References

  1. FishBase team RMCA & Sparks, J.S. (2016). "Typhleotris mararybe". The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T57499221A58341136. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T57499221A58341136.en.
  2. ^ Sparks, J. S. and P. Chakrabarty. (2012). Revision of the endemic Malagasy cavefish genus Typhleotris (Teleostei: Gobiiformes: Milyeringidae), with discussion of its phylogenetic placement and description of a new species. American Museum Novitates 3764, 1-28.
  3. ^ Wheeler, Q. (August 3, 2013). "New to nature no 111: Typhleotris mararybe". The Guardian. Retrieved August 9, 2013.
  4. ^ Rasoloariniaina JR, Ganzhorn JU, Riemann JC, Raminosoa N (2016). "Water quality and biotic interaction of two cavefish species: Typhleotris madagascariensis Petit, 1933 and Typhleotris mararybe Sparks & Chakrabarty, 2012, in the Mahafaly Plateau groundwater system, Madagascar" (PDF). Subterranean Biology. 18: 1–16. doi:10.3897/subtbiol.18.8321.
Taxon identifiers
Typhleotris mararybe
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