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On 26 January 2024, the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA) announced it was investigating allegations, presented to it by Israel nearly two weeks before, of the involvement of a handful of its employees in the 2023 Hamas-led attack on Israel.

According to Israel, between 4 to 12 UNRWA employees were involved in the attacks, and are accused of participating in various capacities, ranging from roles in logistics and weapons procurement to hostage taking and direct participation in the attacks. Israel alleges that around ten percent of the UNRWA's 13,000 employees in the Gaza Strip have connections to Islamist militant groups, primarily Hamas and Palestinian Islamic Jihad, and that 190 UNRWA employees were militants.

Philippe Lazzarini, the commissioner-general of UNRWA, said the organization had dismissed the employees concerned, and launched an investigation, adding that any staff found responsible would face consequences. UN Secretary-General António Guterres said that nine UNRWA employees had been dismissed, one was deceased, and the identities of two other individuals involved in the case were under clarification. Lazzarini clarified on 9 February that he had followed "reverse due process", firing the staff without looking into any evidence, deciding that swift action was the priority in the circumstances.

The controversy led to several countries to halt funding to UNRWA, including the United States, Germany, and Australia, while other countries increased funding. The funds halt was criticized by several international organizations, considering the humanitarian situation in the Gaza Strip due to the Israeli invasion, including, the World Health Organization, Doctors Without Borders, and Amnesty International, which stated that the world's richest countries had made a "heartless decision ... to punish the most vulnerable population on earth because of the alleged crimes of 12 people".

Background

2023 Hamas attacks on Israel

On 7 October 2023, Hamas launched a surprise attack on Israel from the Gaza Strip, that resulted in the deaths of 1,139 Israelis and foreign nationals, predominantly citizens. The militants attacked civilian communities, military bases, and public gatherings, massacring civilians and injuring them. The assault inflicted injuries upon thousands, with hundreds sustaining severe wounds. Hamas militants are also accused of committing acts of sexual violence and gender-based violence against numerous women, girls, and, in some instances, men. Additionally, approximately 250 Israeli civilians and soldiers were abducted and taken as hostages to the Gaza Strip, including 30 children. 7 October 2023 has been labelled the bloodiest day in Israel's history.

In response, Israel launched airstrikes and a subsequent full-scale offensive on Gaza, with the stated goal of destroying the organization and securing the release of the hostages. According to the Gaza Health Ministry, the conflict has resulted in the deaths of over 26,000 Palestinians, most of whom were women and children.

UNRWA

UNRWA is a UN agency responsible for supporting the relief and human development of Palestinian refugees. It was established to assist Palestinians displaced by the 1948 Arab–Israeli War (estimated at 700,000 individuals) and subsequent conflicts, along with their descendants, including legally adopted children. It now aids over 5.6 million registered Palestinian refugees (as of 2019). In 2023, UNRWA's largest donors were the US, the EU and Germany.

With a workforce of over 30,000 employees, including approximately 13,000 in Gaza, UNRWA predominantly comprises Palestinian refugees alongside a smaller contingent of international staff. Operating in Gaza, the West Bank, Jordan, Syria and Lebanon, the agency's mandate has shifted from providing employment and humanitarian aid to delivering healthcare, schooling, and social services to the population it serves. Prior to the Israel–Hamas war, UNRWA operated 700 schools and 140 health centers in the Gaza Strip.

UNRWA is the only UN agency dedicated to aiding refugees from a specific region or conflict, distinguishing it from UNHCR, a UN agency established in 1950 to assist refugees globally. Unlike UNRWA, UNHCR's mandate includes supporting refugees in achieving local integration, resettlement in third countries, or repatriation when feasible, with the aim of eliminating their refugee status.

Israel has been a longtime critic of UNRWA and considers it an obstacle to resolving the Israel-Palestine conflict, by preventing the descendants of refugees from settling in their present locations and keeping the question of return open.

Israel has also expressed concern over what the agency teaches students and over the agency's relation to Hamas; according to Israel, schools operated by the agency have been used by Hamas for terrorist activities. Israeli officials have alleged that since the 7 October attacks, several UNRWA members have been observed celebrating the incidents on social media platforms. Prior to the release of the allegations, Israeli officials had discussed ways to shut down UNRWA funding.

In 2021, UNRWA's major donors, Australia, Canada, UK and the European Union, began investigating hate and violence in UNRWA textbooks, UNRWA responded by blocking access to the textbooks in its website. In a hearing later the same year, UNRWA Commissioner-General Philippe Lazzarini acknowledged that the content of the UNRWA school curriculum included antisemitism, glorification of acts of terror and incitement to violence. A few weeks after the 7 October attacks, IMPACT-SE reported that at least a hundred Hamas members had been educated within the UNRWA system, with two confirmed to have participated in the attacks.

At the end of December 2023, the Times of Israel reported the contents of "a high-level, classified Foreign Ministry report" outlining a three-step plan to force UNRWA out of post-war Gaza, with step one involving a "comprehensive report on alleged UNRWA cooperation with Hamas".

On 4 January 2024, Israel Hayom reported that a group of Knesset members were seeking to halt global funding for UNRWA, based on concerns that it is a tool of Hamas. MK Sharren Haskel stated they sought "to stop funds which are being transferred from various countries to this organization, and remove UNRWA's mask".

Allegations

A few days prior to 26 January Israel presented allegations to UNRWA saying that twelve employees had been involved with the 7 October attacks; reportedly some had been identified based on footage captured during the attacks, while others had admitted to working for UNRWA under interrogation after being captured. According to Israel, while they had held information on this for some time it was only in the two weeks prior to the allegations emerging that they had connected this information with a second cache of intelligence which "solidified an assessment that the UNRWA employees had been involved in the attack"; this intelligence included footage taken by Hamas militants during the attacks.

According to Israel, there is a structural relation between UNRWA and Hamas, these twelve employees are just the "tip of the iceberg". Israel also alleges that UNRWA facilities and vehicles were used in the 7 October attacks. Israel said it has compiled a case "incriminating several UNRWA employees for their alleged involvement in the massacre, along with evidence pointing to the use of UNRWA facilities for terrorist purposes".

On 28 January, Israel Hayom reported that Israel had been in possession of the information for an extended time, but had declined to release it publicly as they considered UNRWA to be the only functional entity in Gaza, and that "without it the chaos would be even greater". According to Israel Hayom's sources, Israel is uncertain why UNRWA and the United States decided to act on the information now; they speculated that the US action might be because of the House Committee on Foreign Affairs hearing on 30 January "where even more embarrassing information about UNRWA will likely be exposed".

It was further reported by Reuters that the Israeli intelligence dossier accuses 190 UNRWA employees of being "hardcore" Hamas and Islamic Jihad militants, while overall 10% of UNRWA staff was considered to have some affiliation with those organizations.

Israeli dossier reviewed by New York Times

According to the New York Times, which reviewed a dossier provided to the United States by Israel: seven of the accused were teachers at UNRWA schools; two worked at schools in other capacities; and the rest, a clerk, a social worker, and a storeroom manager.

In the dossier, Israel said that ten were members of Hamas, and an eleventh was a member of Palestinian Islamic Jihad. Specific accusations included that a school counselor from Khan Younis abducted a woman from Israel in collaboration with his son; that a social worker from Nuseirat distributed ammunition and coordinated vehicles during the attack, as well assisted in bringing the dead body of an Israeli soldier to Gaza; that an employee participated in a massacre that left 97 dead, possibly in reference to the Be'eri massacre.

It also said that Israeli intelligence had traced the movement of six of the employees inside Israel through their cell phones. Others, according to Israel, had phone calls intercepted in which they discussed their participation in the attacks, while three others received text messages ordering them to report to muster points, including one who was ordered to bring rocket propelled grenades that they had stored in their home.

Keller-Lynn article in the Wall Street Journal

On 29 January 2024, The Wall Street Journal (WSJ) published an article by Carrie Keller-Lynn, an American immigrant to Israel who had served in the IDF. Keller-Lynn had served with a former government spokeswoman, Aliza Landes, who in Keller-Lynn's words "literally created IDF social media strategy" and who described such messaging as a strategic weapon. The two maintain both a close friendship. Together they produced a podcast series Us among the Israelis which covers topics including media messaging by the Israeli government and military. Keller-Lynn has written for the Journal since December 2023.

The article, "Intelligence Reveals Details of U.N. Agency Staff’s Links to Oct. 7 Attack", asserted that the Journal too had reviewed a dossier intelligence reports claiming that at least 12 UNRWA employees had been involved in the October 7th attacks. The report details the dossier's allegations of involvement of various UNRWA employees, including primary and secondary school teachers, claiming that some had kidnapped victims, coordinated munitions, or provided logistics support.

The dossier accused about 1,200 UNRWA employees, 10% of UNRWA's 12,000 in Gaza, had "links" Hamas and other militant groups, but the Journal article did not detail any definition or nature of what such "links" or "connections" were. The dossier asserted that a higher percentage of male UNRWA employees were "connected to Hamas" compared to the general male population in Gaza. The article reported that Israeli had gathered the intelligence information via signal intelligence, cellphone tracking data, interrogations of captured Hamas militants, and documents recovered from dead militants. The dossier additionally claimed that:

• an UNRWA Arabic teacher, also identified as a Hamas commander, had allegedly participated in the Be'eri massacre, in which Palestinian fighters as well as Israeli forces attacking houses with hostages inside, together killed 97 civilians and military, while Palestinian fighters kidnapped 26 persons to Gaza.
• in a separate incidient, an UNRWA social worker had allegedly been involved in taking the body of an Israeli soldier to Gaza and coordinated the distribution of trucks and munitions for Hamas
• a math teacher was allegedly affiliated with Hamas and had photographed a female hostage in Gaza, and had worked with another teacher who carried an anti-tank missile in the pre-attack preparations.
• an UNRWA employee had established an operations room for Palestinian Islamic Jihad following the attack.
• Hamas had allegedly instructed three other employees, including an Arabic teacher, to arm themselves near the border, although their compliance was unclear
• another elementary school teacher had allegedly crossed into Israel and was present in Re'im, an area where militants stormed a kibbutz, a military base, and a music festival

Accusations of author bias

Lithub noted that Keller-Lynn seemed to be especially subjective in a particular way and that some users of social media wrote that Keller-Lynn appeared to have served in the Israeli military. Jeremy Scahill of progressive media outlet The Intercept wrote ITrek, an organization that sends graduate students on trips to Israel, had taken down an article featuring an old interview with Keller-Lynn where she discusses her time serving in the Israeli Defense Forces and boasts that her friend Aliza Landes (also interviewed in the article) "literally created social media for the IDF." The article featured a photo of Keller-Lynn in IDF uniform and was being widely circulated after her UNRWA article was published.

UK news sources

On 30 January 2024, Sky News published a report on the Israeli documents that had alleged staff involvement with Hamas. According to Sky, the report alleged that six UNRWA employees had been involved with the 7 October attacks, but that "the Israeli intelligence documents make several claims that Sky News has not seen proof of and many of the claims, even if true, do not directly implicate UNRWA." On 3 February, the Financial Times stated that Israel's intelligence assessment was based on smartphone intercepts and captured identity cards, yet "provides no evidence for the claims".

Lack of evidence backing the claims

On 5 February 2024, Channel 4 said that the Israeli intelligence contains no evidence to support Israel's claim other than a statement that "From intelligence information, documents, and identity cards seized during the course of the fighting, it is now possible to flag around 190 Hamas and Palestinian Islamic Jihad terrorist operatives who serve as UNRWA employees. More than 10 UNRWA staffers took part in the events of October 7."

The document that Channel 4 showed contained the Hebrew original text, translated as follows:

UNRWA personnel file on October 7 + UN schools

Since the beginning of the "Iron Swords" war, the IDF has identified how the terrorist organization Hamas systematically establishes and directs its terrorist infrastructure in a wide variety of enemy facilities and assets. These include tunnel shafts, self-propelled rocket launchers, and ammunition inside schools and other assets, using UNRWA resources to support terrorism, and even exploiting UNRWA employees as human shields and cover for Hamas infrastructure. Intelligence documents point to about 190 Hamas/Islamic Jihad (PIJ) operatives who are UNRWA employees. Over 10 took part in the events of October 7th and some were even involved in attempted kidnapping of Israelis to Gaza. Two additional UNRWA employees became involved when the abductees arrived in Gaza. Additional UNRWA employees were called to the meeting point the night before the raid, another supported the raids logistically, and another served on a Islamic Jihad email-hacking operative the day after.

More than half (9) of the terrorists affiliated with UNRWA who took part in the infiltration of the Israeli settlements near Gaza, murdering and kidnapping the innocent residents, are teachers in UNRWA schools, some elementary schools. Gaza terrorists used the enemy schools in past months for military activities, putting Gaza residents in constant danger. Near schools, Hamas/PIJ firing positions were observed, firing mortars from areas adjacent to or even within schools, with some of the launches failing and falling inside Gaza - thus endangering and harming Gazans. The terrorist organizations cynically take advantage of Gazans and the international aid organizations, harming Gaza residents and endangering their security.

Response from UNRWA and the United Nations

On 26 January 2024, UNRWA Commissioner-General Philippe Lazzarini stated, "The Israeli authorities have provided UNRWA with information about the alleged involvement of several UNRWA employees in the horrific attacks on Israel on October 7." He further emphasized, "To protect the agency's ability to deliver humanitarian assistance, I have taken the decision to immediately terminate the contracts of these staff members and launch an investigation in order to establish the truth without delay", adding that "any UNRWA employee who was involved in acts of terror" would be held accountable.

Lazzarini refrained from disclosing the number of employees allegedly involved in the attacks or the nature of their alleged involvement. The US State Department reported the figure to be 12. António Guterres, Secretary-General of the United Nations, said on 28 January that accusations had been made against 12 specific employees, and that of those 12 nine had been fired, one was dead, and the identities of the other two were still being confirmed.

Guterres also said he was "horrified by this news". His spokesperson Stéphane Dujarric further stated that the UN chief had directed Lazzarini to lead an investigation to ensure swift termination and potential criminal prosecution of any UNRWA employee implicated in or aiding the 7 October attacks. On 27 January, the deputy UN spokesperson stated, "UNRWA overall had had a strong record, which we have repeatedly underscored."

In a further statement issued on 27 January, Lazzarini described the decision by nine countries to suspend the agency's funding as "shocking" and stated that both people's lives in Gaza and regional stability depended on that support; he urged the nations to resume funding before UNRWA is "forced to suspend its humanitarian response". According to a 28 January statement by Francesca Albanese, the UN special rapporteur for the occupied Palestinian territories, the decision to suspend funding could be a violation of the Genocide Convention, and "overtly defies" the provisional rulings in South Africa v. Israel.

Chris Gunness, a former UNRWA chief spokesman, called on the Arab world, and in particular the oil-rich Gulf states, to fill the funding gap, saying that they are "making billions each day on oil revenues", and that a "tiny fraction" of that would resolve the funding shortfall.

A UNRWA spokesperson said that the funding suspensions would result in it being unable to continue aiding Gazans by the end of February.

Reactions

International community

Matthew Miller, spokesperson of the US State Department, said that “The United States is extremely troubled by the allegations that twelve UNRWA employees may have been involved in the October 7 Hamas terrorist attack on Israel.” He further stated that the Department of State has temporarily halted additional funding for UNRWA as it conducts a review of the allegations and evaluates the actions being taken by the United Nations to address them. US Secretary of State Antony Blinken stated that the evidence implicating some UNRWA staff members in the October 7 attack against Israel is "credible". He emphasized the organization's "indispensable" role as a major humanitarian service provider in the region, adding that it is "imperative that UNRWA immediately, as it said it would, investigate; that it hold people accountable as necessary; and that it review its procedures". The United States later clarified that nearly all of the money that had been budgeted to the UNRWA had already been sent, with the suspension affecting $300,000 of the 121 million US dollars that the US had budgeted for the UNRWA. The State Department also said they hoped the issue would be resolved quickly.

Following a U.N. Security Council meeting on 30 January, U.S. ambassador to the United Nations Linda Thomas-Greenfield, said “There has to be accountability for anyone who participated in this attack on October 7." US officials say that funding will depend on a credible investigation and acknowledge that there is no real alternative to UNRWA. White House National Security Council spokesman John Kirby said "Let’s not impugn the good work of a whole agency because of the potential bad action here of a small number". In February 2024, US president Joe Biden urged Congress to pass a bill which would ban the United States from funding UNRWA.

Canada's Minister of International Development, Ahmed Hussen, announced that the Canadian government has temporarily halted additional funding to UNRWA pending investigation of the allegations. Hussen said he expressed Canada's deep concern directly to UNRWA Commissioner-General Lazzarini, adding that "Canada is taking these reports extremely seriously and is engaging closely with UNRWA and other donors on this issue". On 8 February, the Canadian government stated it had still not seen any evidence to support Israel's claims.

Australia has declared a temporary suspension of its funding to UNRWA. Minister for Foreign Affairs Penny Wong stated that Australia will align itself with similar actions taken by the US and Canada in halting funding. She expressed Australia's deep concern regarding the allegations. Italy and Germany have also suspended funding to UNRWA. The UK Foreign Office released a statement, saying that the UK was “appalled” by the allegations.

Finland's Minister for Foreign Trade and Development, Ville Tavio, has opted to suspend Finland's payments to UNRWA in light of the allegations. He stated: "We must make sure that not a single euro of Finland's money goes to Hamas or other terrorists. The suspicion that employees of an organisation receiving humanitarian assistance are involved in a terrorist attack is the reason for suspending the payments. The case must be investigated thoroughly."

The Netherlands announced it will stop financing UNRWA, saying "We are extremely shocked. The accusation is that the attack was committed on October 7 with UN money, with our money." On 28 January 2024, France's Foreign Ministry declared the suspension of funding to UNRWA, describing the allegations as "exceptionally serious".

On 29 January 2024, Austria announced it will also stop financing UNRWA, with the Austrian Foreign Ministry calling the UN agency "to conduct a comprehensive, swift and complete investigation into the allegations".

On 29 January, New Zealand's foreign ministry announced it would review its annual NZ$1 million funding to UNRWA in response to the allegations. On 30 January, Prime Minister Christopher Luxon announced that New Zealand would be suspending funding to UNRWA pending the investigation into the allegations.

On 29 January, Latvia's Foreign Ministry announced via X (formerly Twitter) that the country has also suspended its funding to UNRWA.

The European Union announced that it was reviewing funding, and did not expect to provide additional funding before the end of February at the earliest. Josep Borrell, the European Union's High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy, said the European Commission would “assess further steps and draw lessons based on the result of the full and comprehensive investigation”, urging UNRWA to "provide full transparency on the allegations and to take immediate measures against staff involved".

Norway and Ireland announced that they would not suspend funding for UNRWA. Norwegian Foreign Minister Espen Barth Eide said that "UNRWA is a lifeline for millions of people in deep distress in Gaza as well as in the wider region." Swiss officials said no decision would be taken until the “serious accusations” were clarified. The Icelandic Ministry of Foreign Affairs stated it supported UNRWA's swift investigation and that its "crucial work under the current dire circumstances must continue". Lithuania's Foreign Minister Gabrielius Landsbergis said that Lithuania has not yet reached the financial period for making funding decisions and is awaiting the investigation's results before taking any action.

On January 30, Sweden also announced it would suspend funding for UNRWA. According to TT, Johan Forssell, Minister for International Development Cooperation and Foreign Trade, said that “The money… will go instead to other humanitarian organizations".

Criticism of cutting aid

Donor states have suspended funding at a time when the people of Gaza are facing a humanitarian disaster and famine due to airstrikes, limited aid and Israel's blockade of the Gaza Strip.

Agnès Callamard, the secretary general of Amnesty International, stated that the world's richest countries had made a "heartless decision ... to punish the most vulnerable population on earth because of the alleged crimes of 12 people". Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, the director-general of the World Health Organization, appealed to donors not to suspend funding to UNRWA because "cutting off funding will only hurt the people of Gaza who desperately need support". Tedros warned suspending funding would have "catastrophic consequences". Jan Egeland, the Norwegian Refugee Council head, called on donors to "not starve children for the sins of a few individual aid workers". In a statement, Doctors Without Borders said, "In the Gaza Strip, the humanitarian crisis has reached catastrophic levels, and any additional limitations on aid will result in more deaths and suffering."

Spanish Foreign minister José Manuel Albares stated on 29 January 2024 that Spain "will not change our relationship with UNRWA, although we are closely following the internal investigation and the outcome it may yield for the actions of a dozen people out of about 30,000" because the UNRWA is an agency "essential to alleviate the humanitarian situation". The same day, Spanish Social Affairs minister Pablo Bustinduy called out the suspension of UNRWA funds by other western countries "an unjustifiable collective punishment of the Palestinian people".

On 29 January 2024, Josep Borrell told UN Secretary-General António Guterres that funding has not been suspended and the EU will determine funding decisions after the investigation. Borrell stated, "We shouldn’t let allegations cloud UNRWA’s indispensable and great work."

A group of twenty NGOs — including the Norwegian Refugee Council, Oxfam, Save the Children and War Child Alliance — released a statement of "concern and outrage" about aid, stating: "The countries suspending funds risk further depriving Palestinians in the region of essential food, water, medical assistance and supplies, education and protection." In a letter signed with humanitarian organisation leaders, UN Under-Secretary-General for Humanitarian Affairs Martin Griffiths stated that defunding UNRWA would lead to the collapse of Gaza's aid system, adding: "The world cannot abandon the people of Gaza".

Jordanian foreign minister Ayman Safadi stated that the people of Gaza "shouldn't be collectively punished upon allegations against 12 persons out of its 13,000 staff. UNRWA acted responsibly and began an investigation. We urge countries that suspended funds to reverse decision." The Turkish Ministry of Foreign Affairs released a statement that "Suspending aid to UNRWA due to some allegations against a small number of its members will primarily harm the Palestinian people." Former New Zealand PM and United Nations Development Programme administrator Helen Clark stated "this isn’t the time to suspend funding". The Pakistani Ministry of Foreign Affairs stated that it was deeply concerned by the cuts, since the people of Gaza "depend on critical aid from UNRWA for their daily survival". Qatari prime minister Mohammed bin Abdulrahman bin Jassim Al Thani stated that the entire organization and its tens of thousands of employees should not be punished due to the acts of a small group. Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesman Wang Wenbin stated: "We call on the international community, especially major donors, to prioritize the lives of the people in Gaza, reconsider the decision to suspend funding, and continue to support the work of UNRWA."

Michael Fakhri, the United Nations Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food, said on X that a day after the International Court of Justice, the principal judicial organ of the United Nations, "concluded that Israel is plausibly committing genocide in Gaza, some states decided to defund UNRWA for the alleged actions of a small number of employees. This collectively punishes +2.2 million Palestinians."

UNRWA Commissioner-General Philippe Lazzarini stated: "Our humanitarian operation, on which 2 million people depend as a lifeline in Gaza, is collapsing. I am shocked such decisions are taken based on alleged behaviour of a few individuals and as the war continues, needs are deepening and famine looms. Palestinians in Gaza did not need this additional collective punishment."

Israel

Israel's Foreign Minister Israel Katz stated that "UNRWA will not be a part of the day after", referring to the future of Gaza following the Israel–Hamas war. He added that: "We have been warning for years: UNRWA perpetuates the refugee issue, obstructs peace, and serves as a civilian arm of Hamas in Gaza. UNRWA is not the solution – many of its employees are Hamas affiliates with murderous ideologies, aiding in terror activities and preserving its authority."

Israel's Ambassador to the UN, Gilad Erdan, called on all donor states to suspend their support to UNRWA.

On 31 January 2024, during a meeting with UN ambassadors in Jerusalem, Prime Minister of Israel, Benjamin Netanyahu stated, "UNRWA is totally infiltrated with Hamas", and called for the replacement of UNRWA with other UN agencies and aid organizations. On 4 February 2024, at the start of the weekly cabinet meeting, Netanyahu stated: "We exposed to the world that UNRWA is collaborating with Hamas, that some of its people even participated in the atrocities and abductions of October 7. This only strengthens what we have known for along time — UNRWA is not part of the solution, it is part of the problem. The time has come to begin the process of replacing UNRWA with other bodies that are not tainted by support for terrorism".

The New York Times reported 3 February that Israel did not expect the scandal to result in a international governmental reaction as Israel has long accused the UNRWA of bias and despite opposition to UNRWA some Israeli military officials did not want the UNRWA to be shuttered during a potential humanitarian crisis.

Palestinian response

Palestinian Authority

The Palestine Liberation Organization's Secretary-General Hussein al-Sheikh urged countries planning to withdraw funding from UNRWA to reconsider their decision due to significant political and humanitarian concerns.

Hamas

Hamas's press office stated via Telegram that the group implored the UN and international organizations "to not cave in to the threats and blackmail" from Israel, and accused what they called "the Zionist entity" of a "campaign of incitement" against UN agencies delivering aid to Gaza.

Media Analysis

In an article published on 30 January, The Economist concluded: "It is hardly surprising that some members of an organisation that has been embedded in Gaza so deeply and for so long have links to Hamas. But that defence of UNRWA in turn raises difficult questions about whether it is sufficiently neutral, transparent and accountable. UNRWA is probably essential in the short term in order to avoid an even deeper humanitarian crisis in Gaza. Whether it should be an essential part of Gaza's long term future is far less clear".

The Intercept suggested that the timing of the resulting controversy was intended to distract media attention from the International Court of Justice ruling of provisional measures against Israel, issued on the same day.

An analysis in Haaretz stated that the UNRWA is “riddled with Hamas”, but called the freezing of funds an empty gesture, as foreign governments already knew of the situation. They suggest that just as Israel continues to work with the UNRWA, foreign governments will restore funding out of necessity.

See also

• Hamas–UNRWA Holocaust dispute
• Israel and the United Nations
• UNRWA#Criticism and controversies

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Notes

1. On 9 February 2024, Lazzarrini stated the employees had been fired without any evidence, stating, "Indeed, I have terminated without due process".
2. Gunness additionally called the situation a "coordinated political attack" on UNRWA by Israel, stating, "The Israelis have said they cannot win the war on Gaza unless UNRWA is disbanded. So what clearer signal do you want?"

• Political controversies
• 2023 in the United Nations
• 2024 in the United Nations
• 2023 controversies
• 2024 controversies
• UNRWA
• 2023 Hamas attack on Israel
• Israeli–Palestinian conflict and the United Nations
• Criticism of the United Nations
• Controversies in the State of Palestine