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{{Infobox military person {{Infobox military person
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| name = Henry Baxter | name = Henry Baxter
| honorific_suffix = ], ] | honorific_suffix =
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⚫ ] '''Henry Joseph Patrick Baxter''' {{post-nominals|country=GBR|CBE|GM}} (8 April 1921 – 10 January 2007<ref name="unithistories.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.unithistories.com/officers/IndianArmy_officers_B01.html|title=Officers of the Indian Army 1939–1945 -- B|first1=Hans|last1=Houterman|first2=Jeroen|last2=Koppes|date=|work=World War II Unit Histories & Officers|accessdate=9 August 2015}}</ref>) was an Irish{{sfn|Ryder|1991|p=69}} born fourth generation soldier who overcame the handicap of being blind in one eye to join the army and rose to command one of the largest and most controversial regiments in the ].

⚫ ] '''Henry Joseph Patrick Baxter''' {{post-nominals|country=GBR|CBE|GM}} (8 April 1921 – 10 January 2007<ref name="unithistories.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.unithistories.com/officers/IndianArmy_officers_B01.html|title=Officers of the Indian Army 1939–1945 -- B|first1=Hans|last1=Houterman|first2=Jeroen|last2=Koppes|date=|work=World War II Unit Histories & Officers|accessdate=9 August 2015}}</ref>) was an Irish <ref name=r69/> born fourth generation soldier who overcame the handicap of being blind in one eye to join the army and rose to command one of the largest and most controversial regiments in the ].


==Indian Army== ==Indian Army==
⚫ Harry Baxter was born a "child of the regiment" to the ].{{sfn|Doherty|2010|pp=37-38}} Despite being blind in his right eye as the result of a childhood shooting accident in ], he was determined to join the ] in 1939. The medical officer who tested him was impressed to meet someone who was trying to cheat his way "into" the army that he passed him fit for the ].{{sfn|Doherty|2010|pp=37-38}} He gave up a scholarship place at Oxford University and received an emergency commission as a ] in the Indian Army on 11 October 1942 with the ] of 363915. Baxter's service in India was mostly wartime and he served in Burma.{{sfn|Ryder|1991|p=69}} His emergency commission was changed to a permanent commission in the British Army on 25 May 1946 when he joined the ] (RIrF) as a lieutenant.<ref name="unithistories.com"/><ref>{{London Gazette |issue=37577 |supp=y |page=2506 |date=21 May 1946}}</ref>

⚫ Harry Baxter was born a "child of the regiment" to the ].<ref name=d37-8/> Despite being blind in his right eye as the result of a childhood shooting accident in ], he was determined to join the army in 1939. The medical officer who tested him was impressed to meet someone who was trying to cheat his way "into" the army that he passed him fit for the ].<ref name=d37-8>Doherty, pp. 37–8.</ref> He gave up a scholarship place at Oxford University and received an emergency commission as a 2nd Lt. in the ] on 11 October 1942 with the number 363915. Baxter's service in India was mostly wartime and he served in Burma.<ref name=r69>Ryder, p. 69.</ref> His Emergency Commission was changed to a Permanent Commission in the British Army on 25 May 1946 when he joined the ] (RIrF) as a lieutenant.<ref name="unithistories.com"/><ref>{{London Gazette |issue=37577 |supp=y |page=2506 |date=21 May 1946}}</ref>


===Royal Irish Fusiliers=== ===Royal Irish Fusiliers===
⚫ In 1947 Baxter transferred to the RIrF on a regular (permanent) commission and served in ], ], ], Germany and finally ] where he was ]{{sfn|Ryder|1991|p=69}}<ref>{{London Gazette |date=24 May 1957 |issue=41079 |supp=y |page=3157}}</ref> During this time he spent four years on Extra Regimental Engagement (ERE) to ]'s staff. Between 1963 and 1966 he was the commander of the ]'s depot in Eglinton Camp, ] and St Patrick's Barracks, ] and also spent a period as a staff officer with the ] before being appointed Brigadier UDR. He was appointed an ] in the 1968 Queen's Birthday Honours list.{{sfn|Ryder|1991|p=70}}

⚫ In 1947, Baxter transferred to the ] on a regular (permanent) commission and served in ], ], ], Germany and finally ] where he was ]<ref name=r69/><ref>{{London Gazette |date=24 May 1957 |issue=41079 |supp=y |page=3157}}</ref> During this time he spent four years on Extra Regimental Engagement (ERE) to ]'s staff. Between 1963 and 1966 he was the commander of the ]'s depot in Eglinton Camp ] and St Patrick's Barracks ] and also spent a period as a staff officer with the ] before being appointed Brigadier UDR. He was appointed ] in the ] list.<ref name=r70>Ryder, p. 70.</ref>


====George Medal==== ====George Medal====
⚫ Baxter was awarded the ] for his actions at ], ] when, as a major, he and Captain Henry Chavasse removed a viable bomb from outside the armoury and drove it to a safe place for disposal. The detonator of the bomb exploded whilst it was in transit but the device did not explode.{{sfn|Ryder|1991|pp=69-70}} <ref>{{London Gazette |issue=41632 |supp=y |page=1061 |date=10 February 1959}}</ref>

⚫ Baxter was awarded the ] for his actions at ], ] when, as a major, he and Captain ] removed a viable bomb from outside the armoury and drove it to a safe place for disposal. The detonator of the bomb exploded whilst it was in transit but the device did not explode.<ref>Ryder, pp. 69–70.</ref><ref>{{London Gazette |issue=41632 |supp=y |page=1061 |date=10 February 1959}}</ref>


===Ulster Defence Regiment=== ===Ulster Defence Regiment===
⚫ Baxter assumed command of the ] (UDR) in April 1973 from Brigadier ].<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=46046 |supp=y |page=9388 |date=7 August 1973}}</ref> Like Ormerod, Baxter was a ] commanding a locally raised and predominantly Protestant regiment during a time of intercommunal strife.{{sfn|Potter|2001|p=132}}


⚫ He was in command during the notable ] strike in 1974 which was considered to be a "turning point" in the regiment's history and "coming of age" comments listed by Major John Potter in his unofficial history of the regiment.{{sfn|Potter|2001|p=132}}
⚫ Baxter assumed command of the ] (UDR) in April 1973 from Brigadier ].<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=46046 |supp=y |page=9388 |date=7 August 1973}}</ref> Like Ormerod, Baxter was a ] commanding a locally raised and predominantly Protestant regiment during a time of intercommunal strife.<ref>Potter, p. 102.</ref>


⚫ Having a brigadier as regimental commander was unusual in the modern British Army but the size of the Ulster Defence Regiment with its 11 ]s and over 9,000 men and women (at its peak) demanded an officer of higher rank than ].
⚫ He was in command during the notable ] strike in 1974, which was considered to be a "turning point" in the regiment's history and "coming of age" comments listed by ] in his unofficial history of the regiment.<ref>Potter, p. 132.</ref>

⚫ Having a brigadier as regimental commander was unusual in the modern British Army but the size of the ] with its 11 ]s and over 9,000 men and women (at its peak) demanded an officer of higher rank than ].


Baxter was the commander of the UDR at the time of the ], when several soldiers of the regiment were involved in the killing of musicians outside the town of ]. Baxter was the commander of the UDR at the time of the ], when several soldiers of the regiment were involved in the killing of musicians outside the town of ].


He returned to the UDR in 1977 as Colonel Commandant of the regiment until 1986.<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=47346 |supp=y |page=12788 |date=10 October 1977}}</ref><ref>{{London Gazette |issue=50485 |supp=y |page=5183 |date=14 April 1986}}</ref> He returned to the UDR in 1977 as colonel commandant of the regiment until 1986.<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=47346 |supp=y |page=12788 |date=10 October 1977}}</ref><ref>{{London Gazette |issue=50485 |supp=y |page=5183 |date=14 April 1986}}</ref>


==References== ==References==
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==Bibliography== ==Bibliography==

*{{cite book|last=Doherty|first=Richard|author-link=Richard Doherty|title=In the Ranks of Death: The Irish in the Second World War|year=2010|publisher=]|location=]|isbn=978-1-84415-966-6|pages=37–8}} *{{cite book|last=Doherty|first=Richard|author-link=Richard Doherty|title=In the Ranks of Death: The Irish in the Second World War|year=2010|publisher=]|location=]|isbn=978-1-84415-966-6|pages=37–8}}
*{{cite book|last=Potter|first=John|year=2001|title=A Testimony to Courage: The Regimental History of the Ulster Defence Regiment 1969–1992|publisher=Pen and Sword Books|location=Barnsley|isbn=0-85052-819-4}} *{{cite book|last=Potter|first=John|year=2001|title=A Testimony to Courage: The Regimental History of the Ulster Defence Regiment 1969–1992|publisher=Pen and Sword Books|location=Barnsley|isbn=0-85052-819-4}}
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Latest revision as of 21:55, 13 September 2024

Henry Baxter
Born(1921-04-08)8 April 1921
County Kilkenny, Ireland, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
Died10 January 2007(2007-01-10) (aged 85)
Allegiance United Kingdom
Service / branch British Army
RankBrigadier
Service number363915
CommandsUlster Defence Regiment

Brigadier Henry Joseph Patrick Baxter CBE GM (8 April 1921 – 10 January 2007) was an Irish born fourth generation soldier who overcame the handicap of being blind in one eye to join the army and rose to command one of the largest and most controversial regiments in the British Army.

Indian Army

Harry Baxter was born a "child of the regiment" to the Royal Irish Fusiliers. Despite being blind in his right eye as the result of a childhood shooting accident in India, he was determined to join the British Army in 1939. The medical officer who tested him was impressed to meet someone who was trying to cheat his way "into" the army that he passed him fit for the British Indian Army. He gave up a scholarship place at Oxford University and received an emergency commission as a second lieutenant in the Indian Army on 11 October 1942 with the service number of 363915. Baxter's service in India was mostly wartime and he served in Burma. His emergency commission was changed to a permanent commission in the British Army on 25 May 1946 when he joined the Royal Irish Fusiliers (RIrF) as a lieutenant.

Royal Irish Fusiliers

In 1947 Baxter transferred to the RIrF on a regular (permanent) commission and served in Palestine, Egypt, Greece, Germany and finally Malaya where he was Mentioned in Despatches During this time he spent four years on Extra Regimental Engagement (ERE) to Lord Mountbatten's staff. Between 1963 and 1966 he was the commander of the North Irish Brigade's depot in Eglinton Camp, County Londonderry and St Patrick's Barracks, County Antrim and also spent a period as a staff officer with the Berlin Brigade before being appointed Brigadier UDR. He was appointed an OBE in the 1968 Queen's Birthday Honours list.

George Medal

Baxter was awarded the George Medal for his actions at Gough Barracks, Armagh when, as a major, he and Captain Henry Chavasse removed a viable bomb from outside the armoury and drove it to a safe place for disposal. The detonator of the bomb exploded whilst it was in transit but the device did not explode.

Ulster Defence Regiment

Baxter assumed command of the Ulster Defence Regiment (UDR) in April 1973 from Brigadier Denis Ormerod. Like Ormerod, Baxter was a Roman Catholic commanding a locally raised and predominantly Protestant regiment during a time of intercommunal strife.

He was in command during the notable Ulster Workers' Council strike in 1974 which was considered to be a "turning point" in the regiment's history and "coming of age" comments listed by Major John Potter in his unofficial history of the regiment.

Having a brigadier as regimental commander was unusual in the modern British Army but the size of the Ulster Defence Regiment with its 11 battalions and over 9,000 men and women (at its peak) demanded an officer of higher rank than colonel.

Baxter was the commander of the UDR at the time of the Miami Showband killings, when several soldiers of the regiment were involved in the killing of musicians outside the town of Banbridge.

He returned to the UDR in 1977 as colonel commandant of the regiment until 1986.

References

  1. ^ Houterman, Hans; Koppes, Jeroen. "Officers of the Indian Army 1939–1945 -- B". World War II Unit Histories & Officers. Retrieved 9 August 2015.
  2. ^ Ryder 1991, p. 69.
  3. ^ Doherty 2010, pp. 37–38.
  4. "No. 37577". The London Gazette (Supplement). 21 May 1946. p. 2506.
  5. "No. 41079". The London Gazette (Supplement). 24 May 1957. p. 3157.
  6. Ryder 1991, p. 70.
  7. Ryder 1991, pp. 69–70.
  8. "No. 41632". The London Gazette (Supplement). 10 February 1959. p. 1061.
  9. "No. 46046". The London Gazette (Supplement). 7 August 1973. p. 9388.
  10. ^ Potter 2001, p. 132.
  11. "No. 47346". The London Gazette (Supplement). 10 October 1977. p. 12788.
  12. "No. 50485". The London Gazette (Supplement). 14 April 1986. p. 5183.

Bibliography

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