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List of crewed lunar landers: Difference between revisions

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This is a list of designs for crewed ]s, that is to say a spacecraft intended to land on the Moon, and for inclusiveness the designs meant to ascend are included also. A key aspect is achieving a ], and for an ascent stage to successfully escape the ]'s surface gravity.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://spacenews.com/nasa-studying-three-stage-approach-to-human-class-lunar-landers/|title=NASA studying three-stage approach to human-class lunar landers|date=2018-11-20|website=SpaceNews.com|language=en-US|access-date=2019-11-08}}</ref> Another aspect is how many stages the design has to achieve its objective, and the number of passengers and amount of payload it can haul.<ref name=":0" /> This is a list of designs for crewed ]s, spacecraft intended to land on the Moon. A key aspect is achieving a ], and for an ascent stage to successfully escape the ]'s gravity.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://spacenews.com/nasa-studying-three-stage-approach-to-human-class-lunar-landers/|title=NASA studying three-stage approach to human-class lunar landers|date=2018-11-20|website=SpaceNews.com|language=en-US|access-date=2019-11-08}}</ref> Another aspect is how many stages the design has to undergo to achieve its objective, and the number of passengers and amount of payload it can carry.<ref name=":0" />


{| class="wikitable sortable" {| class="wikitable sortable"
|- |-
! Name !! Manufacturer !! Operator (program and operational timeline) !! Crew !! Payload Mass !! Status !! Image ! Name !! Manufacturer !! Operator (program and operational timeline) !! Stages !! Crew !! Payload Mass !! Status !! Image
|- |-
| ] || ] || ] (], 2005-2009) || 4 || 14,500 kg (32,000 lb) || {{No|Canceled}} || ] | ] || ] || ] (], 2005–2009) || Descent, Ascent || 4 || 14,500&nbsp;kg (32,000&nbsp;lb) || {{No|Canceled}} || ]
|- |-
| ] || ] || ] (], 1969–1972) || 2 || || {{Included|Retired}} || ] | ] || ] || ] (], 1969–1972) || Descent, Ascent || 2 || || {{Included|Retired}} || ]
|- |-
| ]|| ] || Boeing, ] (], 2017–present)|| || || {{No|Rejected}} || ] | ]|| ] || Boeing, ] (], 2017–present)|| Descent, Ascent || || || {{No|Rejected}} ||
|- |-
| ] || ] || Dynetics, ] (Artemis, 2017–present) || 2-4 || || {{No|Rejected}} || | ] || ] || Dynetics, ] (Artemis, 2017–present) || Single-stage with drop tanks || 2-4 || || {{No|Rejected}} ||
|- |-
| ] || ], ], ], ] || Blue Origin, Lockheed Martin, Northrop Grumman, Draper Laboratory, ] || 2 || || {{No|Rejected}} || | ] || ], ], ], ] || Blue Origin, Lockheed Martin, Northrop Grumman, Draper Laboratory, ] || Transfer, Lander/Ascent || 4 || || {{Planned}} ||
|- |-
| ] || ]/] || ] (], 1969-1974) || 1 || || {{No|Canceled}} || ] | ] || ] || ] (]) || Descent propulsion stage, Lander/Ascent || 2 || || {{Planned}} || ]
|- |-
| ] || ]/] || ] (], 1969-1974) || Descent, Ascent || 1 || || {{No|Canceled}} || ]
⚫ | ] || ] || Lockheed Martin, ] (Artemis, 2017–present) || 4 || 1,000 kg (2,200 lb) || {{Planned|Proposed}} ||
|- |-
⚫ | ] || ] || Lockheed Martin, ] (Artemis, 2017–present) || Single-stage || 4 || 1,000&nbsp;kg (2,200&nbsp;lb) || {{No|Rejected}}<br /><small>(elements incorporated into Blue Moon Mk 2)</small> ||
| ] || ] || SpaceX || || || {{Planned}} || ]
|- |-
| ]|| ] || ] (Artemis, 2017–present), SpaceX || 4 || 100–200 t (220,000–440,000 lb) || {{Planned}} || ] | ] || ] || SpaceX || Single-stage || || || {{Planned}} || ]
|-
| ]|| ] || ] (Artemis, 2017–present), SpaceX || Single-stage || 4 || 100–200 t (220,000–440,000&nbsp;lb) || {{Planned}} ||
|- |-
| ]<ref>http://www.astronautix.com/b/bislunarlander.html</ref> || || ] || 3 || || Studies (1939, 1947) || | ]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.astronautix.com/b/bislunarlander.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160820165259/http://www.astronautix.com/b/bislunarlander.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=August 20, 2016|title=BIS Lunar Lander|website=www.astronautix.com}}</ref> || || ] || Single-stage || 3 || || Studies (1939, 1947) ||
|-
⚫ | ]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.astronautix.com/v/vonbraunlunarlander.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160820150934/http://www.astronautix.com/v/vonbraunlunarlander.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=August 20, 2016|title=Von Braun Lunar Lander|website=www.astronautix.com}}</ref>|| || US (1977) || Single-stage with drop tanks || 20 || 259 metric tons (with a crew of 10) || Study (1952) ||
|-
⚫ | ]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.astronautix.com/h/horizonlerv.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161228020518/http://astronautix.com/h/horizonlerv.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=December 28, 2016|title=Horizon LERV|website=www.astronautix.com}}</ref>|| || ] (], 1966) || Descent, Ascent || 10 - 16 || 2,700 - 22,000&nbsp;kg || Study (1959) || ]
|-
| ]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.astronautix.com/l/lunexlunarlander.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161228024113/http://astronautix.com/l/lunexlunarlander.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=December 28, 2016|title=Lunex Lunar Lander|website=www.astronautix.com}}</ref>|| || ] (], 1967) || Descent, Ascent || 3 || 20,500&nbsp;kg || Study (1958–1961) || ]
|- |-
| ] || || NASA Langley Research Center, (], 1963) || Single || 1 || || {{No|Canceled}} || ]
⚫ | ]<ref>http://www.astronautix.com/v/vonbraunlunarlander.html</ref>|| || US (1977) || 20 || 259 metric tons (with a crew of 10) || Study (1952) ||
|- |-
| ]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.astronautix.com/craft/lek.htm |title=LEK |website=www.astronautix.com |access-date=12 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060316185549/http://www.astronautix.com/craft/lek.htm |archive-date=16 March 2006 |url-status=dead}}</ref>|| || Soviet Union, (], 1974) || Descent, Ascent, Reentry || 3 || || {{No|Canceled}} ||
⚫ | ]<ref>http://www.astronautix.com/h/horizonlerv.html</ref>|| || ] (], 1966) || 10 - 16 || 2,700 - 22,000 kg || Study (1959) ||
|- |-
| ]<ref>http://www.astronautix.com/l/lunexlunarlander.html</ref>|| || ] (], 1967) || 3 || 20,500 kg || Study (1958-1961) || ] | ] || || NASA (], 1992–93) || Descent, Ascent || 4 || 5,000&nbsp;kg|| {{No|Canceled}} || ]
|} |}


==See also== ==See also==
*{{annotated link|Human spaceflight}} *]
*{{annotated link|Lunar module}} *{{annotated link|Lunar module}}


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Latest revision as of 03:59, 4 October 2024

This list is incomplete; you can help by adding missing items. (July 2020)

This is a list of designs for crewed lunar landers, spacecraft intended to land on the Moon. A key aspect is achieving a soft landing, and for an ascent stage to successfully escape the Moon's gravity. Another aspect is how many stages the design has to undergo to achieve its objective, and the number of passengers and amount of payload it can carry.

Name Manufacturer Operator (program and operational timeline) Stages Crew Payload Mass Status Image
Altair Northrop Grumman NASA (Constellation, 2005–2009) Descent, Ascent 4 14,500 kg (32,000 lb) Canceled
Apollo Lunar Module Grumman NASA (Apollo, 1969–1972) Descent, Ascent 2 Retired
Boeing Lunar Lander Boeing Boeing, NASA (Artemis, 2017–present) Descent, Ascent Rejected
Dynetics HLS Dynetics Dynetics, NASA (Artemis, 2017–present) Single-stage with drop tanks 2-4 Rejected
Blue Moon Mark 2 Blue Origin, Lockheed Martin, Northrop Grumman, Draper Laboratory Blue Origin, Lockheed Martin, Northrop Grumman, Draper Laboratory, NASA Transfer, Lander/Ascent 4 Planned
Lanyue Lunar Lander CAST CMSA (CLEP) Descent propulsion stage, Lander/Ascent 2 Planned
LK RSC Energia/Yuzhnoye Design Office Soviet Union (N1-L3, 1969-1974) Descent, Ascent 1 Canceled
Lockheed Martin Lunar Lander Lockheed Martin Lockheed Martin, NASA (Artemis, 2017–present) Single-stage 4 1,000 kg (2,200 lb) Rejected
(elements incorporated into Blue Moon Mk 2)
Starship SpaceX SpaceX Single-stage Planned
Starship HLS SpaceX NASA (Artemis, 2017–present), SpaceX Single-stage 4 100–200 t (220,000–440,000 lb) Planned
BIS Lunar Lander British Interplanetary Society Single-stage 3 Studies (1939, 1947)
Von Braun Lunar Lander US (1977) Single-stage with drop tanks 20 259 metric tons (with a crew of 10) Study (1952)
Horizon LERV US Army (Project Horizon, 1966) Descent, Ascent 10 - 16 2,700 - 22,000 kg Study (1959)
Lunex Lunar Lander US Air Force (Lunex Project, 1967) Descent, Ascent 3 20,500 kg Study (1958–1961)
Gemini lunar lander NASA Langley Research Center, (Project Gemini, 1963) Single 1 Canceled
LEK Soviet Union, (Zvezda Moon base, 1974) Descent, Ascent, Reentry 3 Canceled
FLO Eagle lander NASA (Space Exploration Initiative, 1992–93) Descent, Ascent 4 5,000 kg Canceled

See also

References

  1. ^ "NASA studying three-stage approach to human-class lunar landers". SpaceNews.com. 2018-11-20. Retrieved 2019-11-08.
  2. "BIS Lunar Lander". www.astronautix.com. Archived from the original on August 20, 2016.
  3. "Von Braun Lunar Lander". www.astronautix.com. Archived from the original on August 20, 2016.
  4. "Horizon LERV". www.astronautix.com. Archived from the original on December 28, 2016.
  5. "Lunex Lunar Lander". www.astronautix.com. Archived from the original on December 28, 2016.
  6. "LEK". www.astronautix.com. Archived from the original on 16 March 2006. Retrieved 12 January 2022.

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