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{{Infobox politician {{Short description|Montenegrin politician (1917–2001)}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| birth_name = Vladimir Dapčević | birth_name = Vladimir Dapčević
| image = | image =
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1917|3|14|df=y}} | birth_date = {{Birth date|1917|6|14|df=y}}
| birth_place = Ljubotinj, ], ] | birth_place = ], ]<br>{{small|(now ], Montenegro)}}
| death_date = {{death date and age|2001|7|12|1917|3|14|df=y}} | death_date = {{death date and age|2001|7|12|1917|6|14|df=y}}
| death_place = ], ] | death_place = ], ]
| resting_place = | resting_place =
| resting_place_coordinates = | resting_place_coordinates =
| citizenship = | citizenship =
| nationality = ] | nationality = ], ]
| party = ] (1933-1952)<br />] (1991-2001) | party = ] (1933–1952)<br />] (1991–2001)
| otherparty = <!--For additional political affiliations--> | otherparty = <!--For additional political affiliations-->
| spouse = Micheline Dapčević | spouse = Micheline Dapčević
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| portfolio = | portfolio =
| denomination = | denomination =
| awards = <!-- For civilian awards - appears as "Awards" if |mawards= is not set --> | awards = ]<br>]
| signature = | signature =
| signature_alt = | signature_alt =
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| branch = | branch =
| serviceyears = | serviceyears =
| rank = Colonel<ref>http://www.novosti.rs/dodatni_sadrzaj/clanci.119.html:364915-Odiseja-Vlada-Dapcevica</ref> | rank = Colonel<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.novosti.rs/dodatni_sadrzaj/clanci.119.html:364915-Odiseja-Vlada-Dapcevica | title=Odiseja Vlada Dapčevića }}</ref>
| unit = ] | unit = ]
| commands = | commands =
| battles = ]<br />]<br />]<br />] | battles = ]<br />]<br />]<br />]
| mawards =
}} }}
'''Vladimir "Vlado" Dapčević''' (14 June 1917 – 12 July 2001) was a ] and ] ] and ] who fought as a ] against ] occupation troops and forces of the ] during ]. He was a political dissident and after the war he opposed the revisionist policy of ], president of Yugoslavia. He spent a total of 24 years in Yugoslav prisons as a political dissident for advocating ] and ]. After the collapse of Yugoslavia in 1990s, he founded the ] in ]. '''Vladimir "Vlado" Dapčević''' ({{lang-sr-cyr|Владимир "Владo" Дапчевић}}; 14 June 1917 – 12 July 2001) was a ] and ] ], ] and political leader who fought as a ] against ] occupation troops and forces of the ] during ]. He was a political dissident and after the war he opposed the Anti-Soviet policy of ], president of Yugoslavia. He spent a total of 24 years in Yugoslav prisons as a political dissident for advocating anti-] and ]. After the collapse of Yugoslavia in 1990s, he founded the ] in ].


He criticised Tito, as well as ] leaders ] and ], for departing from ]. He accused them for leaning towards ] and the latter two for exposing the ] to the collapse. He was the younger brother of famous Montenegrin socialist leader ]. He criticised Tito, as well as ] leaders ] and ], for departing from ]. He accused them for leaning towards ] and the latter two for exposing the ] to the collapse. He was the younger brother of famous Montenegrin communist military leader ].


==Early life== ==Early life==


Dapčević was born 1917 in the village Ljubotinj in ], he attended secondary school in ] where he was expelled because of organizing a student strike. Dapčević was born 1917 in the village Ljubotinj in the ], he attended secondary school in ] where he was expelled because of organizing a student strike.


At 16, in 1933, he became a member of the Alliance of Communist Youth of Yugoslavia (]). That very same year he was arrested for the first time due to taking part in distribution of communist leaflets. He was accepted into ] (KPJ) in 1934. At 16, in 1933, he became a member of the Alliance of Communist Youth of Yugoslavia (]). That very same year he was arrested for the first time due to taking part in distribution of communist leaflets. He was accepted into ] (KPJ) in 1934.
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==World War II== ==World War II==
{{unreferenced section|date=July 2018}}
Dapčević was living in Belgrade when, on April 6, 1941, the ] unleashed a savage bombing of the city. As ] surrendered to ], Dapčević moved from Belgrade back to Montenegro where he was active in the organization of ]. However, shortly after a rebellion attack in Čevo on July 13, 1941, he was expelled from the Party. As a fighter of the Lovćen Battalion, he took part in the assault on ], in which he was wounded, and he also played a part in the founding of the First Proletarian Brigade in Rudo, and crossed Mount Igman at Sarajevo.


⚫ He was re-admitted into the Party in ] in early 1942, and designated political ] for the Drina Volunteer (Partisan) Detachment. By mid-1942, he was promoted to commander of the First Detachment of the Lovćen Battalion. However, due to his continued criticism of the Party, he was once again expelled. As a commander of a bombing squad, he took part in many actions until he was, once again, wounded at the end of 1942. He also took part in battles on ] and ]. After these, he was again re-admitted into the Party and assigned as the party for the Seventh Krajina Brigade.
The German bombing of Belgrade on April 6, 1941, caught Dapčević as well. He moved from Belgrade back to Montenegro where he was active in the organization of ]. However, shortly after a rebellion initiating attack on Čevo, July 13, 1941, he was expelled from the Party.


⚫ During the first half of 1944, he was promoted to the Headquarters Officer School, and then to Commissar of the Tenth Division of ]. When the war ended, he held the rank of a lieutenant colonel in the ]. After the war, he worked as a professor at the Party School for Officers, and in 1947, he was promoted to JNA Chief of Administration for Agitation and Propaganda (Agitprop).
As a fighter of the Lovćen Partisan Battalion he took part in the assault on ], in which he was wounded, and played a part in the founding of the First Proletarian Brigade in Rudo, and crossed Mount Igman at Sarajevo.

At Foča, beginning of 1942, he was re-admitted into the Party, and placed as political commissar for the Drina Volunteer (Partisan) Detachment. By mid-1942, he was promoted to commander of the First Detachment of the Lovcen Battalion. However, due to criticism he was expelled from the Party once again.

⚫ As a commander of a bombing squad he took part in many actions until he was wounded at the end of 1942. He also took part in battles on ] and ]. After these he was accepted yet again into the Party and assigned as the Party ] for the Seventh Krajina Brigade.

⚫ During first half of 1944, he was promoted to the Headquarters Officer School, and then to commissar of the Tenth Division of ]. As the war ended, he held a rank of a lieutenant colonel in the ].

After the war he was a professor at the Higher Party School, and then, in 1947, was promoted to JNA Chief of Administration for Agitation and Propaganda (Agitprop).


==After the war== ==After the war==


In 1948, he attended the Fifth Party Congress. However, as he was in favor of the resolutions of the ], he was forced to flee the country. He attempted to leave Yugoslavia together with his companion ], an army general and the chief of army headquarters. They tried to cross the border with ] but were stopped by the border guards. In the skirmish, Jovanović was shot to death, while Dapčević escaped unscathed and spent the following months in hiding in ]. In the fall of 1948, he attempted to escape to ], but was arrested and kept in custody for a total of 22 months before finally receiving a 20-year jail sentence.
In 1948, he attended the Fifth Party Congress. However, due to accepting the Resolutions of the
], he tried to flee the country. On the ]n border, the chief of Army Headquarters, General ], Dapčević's companion in the attempt to flee, lost his life in armed clashes with the border guard. Dapčević himself escaped unscathed and for a time hid in Belgrade. He was arrested during his attempt to escape to ], and was sentenced to 20 years in prison.

From June 1950 until December 6, 1956, he spent time in concentration camps at ], ] and ], each time being exposed to brutal torture.

⚫ After his release and due to the possibility for re-arrest, with a group of comrades, he escaped to ] in 1958. After a couple of months they settled in the ].


From June 1950 to December 6, 1956, he was imprisoned in concentration camps at ], ] and ],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Odiseja Vlada Dapčevića |url=https://www.novosti.rs/dodatni_sadrzaj/clanci.119.html:364915-Odiseja-Vlada-Dapcevica |access-date=2022-08-26 |website=NOVOSTI |language=sr}}</ref> and each time exposed to brutal torture.
⚫ Upon arrival in USSR he was offered to continue education or to accept a corresponding job; he refused and continued with political work. During 1961, he organized strong propaganda at the Conference of Communist Parties in ]. As a result, thanks in part to his activity, the Conference adopted the resolution of condemnation of the Yugoslav Communist Alliance (SKJ) as revisionist and an Anti-Marxist Party.


⚫ After his early release and due to the threat of re-arrest, he escaped to ] in 1958 with a group of comrades. After a couple of months, they traveled to and settled in the ].
⚫ During the ], Dapčević with other émigrés organized volunteer groups to Cuba. However, they were prevented from departing by the Soviet authorities.


⚫ Upon arrival in the USSR, he was offered to continue with his education or accept a corresponding job. He refused this offer and continued with his political work. During 1961, he organized strong propaganda for the Conference of Communist Parties in ]. As a result, thanks in part to his activity, the Conference adopted the resolution of condemnation of the Yugoslav Communist Alliance (SKJ) as a revisionist and an Anti-Marxist party.
⚫ Living in ] during 1964 and 1965, Dapčević worked on a doctoral dissertation about the Yugoslav workers movement. In early 1965, he tried to volunteer in the ], but was once again prevented.


⚫ During the ], Dapčević and other émigrés organized volunteer groups to Cuba, but were prevented from departing by the Soviet authorities.
He left the USSR in 1966 by illegally emigrating to ]. For survival in ], ], ] and the ], he was a physical laborer. At the same time he tried to develop political dissent among the Yugoslav economic emigration (]s), but with no results. West European police arrested him several times and expelled him from each country. At last in 1969, he received permanent residence in Belgium.


⚫ Between 1964 and 1965, Dapčević lived in ] where he worked on a doctoral dissertation on the Yugoslav workers movement. In early 1965, he wanted to join the communist forces fighting the ] as a volunteer, but was still not allowed to leave the Soviet Union.
From Belgium, he was in contact with West European Marxist–Leninist groups and took part in their activities. In 1973, he survived an assassination attempt by the ].


He finally left the Soviet Union in 1966, by illegally emigrating to ]. He lived in ], ] and the ], where he mostly worked as a physical laborer. He strove to develop political dissent among the Yugoslav economic emigration (]s), but with little result. He was arrested several times and deported from each of the three countries he had been staying in. In 1969, he managed to obtain permanent residence in ]. In Brussels, he married a Belgian citizen and lived in Ixelles near the Brussels university ULB. In 1975 even became a Belgian citizen himself. While there, he kept in touch with West European Marxist–Leninist groups and took part in their activities. In 1973, he survived an assassination attempt by ].
⚫ The Romanian and Yugoslav secret services, in ], 1975, organized the successful kidnapping and extradition of Dapčević to Yugoslavia. He was sentenced to death in absentia, but the punishment was commuted to 20 years hard labor (not in small part due to his being the brother of the renowned JNA General and W.W. II hero ]).{{Citation needed|date=July 2010}} He was released from the ] jail in 1988, and promptly expelled from Yugoslavia.


⚫ In 1975, the Romanian and Yugoslav secret services organized Dapčević's kidnapping while he was visiting ], after which he was extradited to Yugoslavia. He had been sentenced to death in absentia, but the punishment was commuted to 20 years of hard labor (this leniency was shown to him as his brother ] was a renowned army general and World War II hero).{{Citation needed|date=July 2010}} He was released from the ] prison in 1988, and promptly expelled from Yugoslavia.
⚫ Following improving political conditions in the country and the abolition for the prohibition to return, Dapčević came back in September 1990. In many interviews and public appearances he argued about the imminent danger of civil war and dissolution of Yugoslavia.


⚫ Dapčević was allowed to return to Yugoslavia in September 1990, in the midst of political turmoil. In his many interviews and public appearances he indicated there was an imminent danger of civil war and dissolution of Yugoslavia.
After a year he was at the front of the 'new' KPJ, but because of his struggle against nationalism, this party split off. On March 27, 1992, he founded the ].


During civil war in the former Yugoslavia, he actively worked on the strengthening of democracy and unity against the ] government. On March 27, 1992, he founded the ] and during the civil war in the former Yugoslavia, he actively worked on the strengthening of democracy and unity against the ] government.


From 1992, and until 1996, he attended Marxist–Leninist party conferences and meetings. During the First Party of Labour Congress, in 1997, Dapčević set the 'Party Program' and political aims, putting the foundation for ''real'' revolutionary party in Yugoslavia. Between 1992 and 1996, he attended Marxist–Leninist party conferences and meetings. In 1997, at the first Party of Labour congress, Dapčević set the party program and political aims, laying foundations for a ''real'' revolutionary party in Yugoslavia.


Until his death, July 12, 2001, Dapčević continued with political activities. Dapčević advocated an independent Montenegro.<ref>http://www.montenegro-canada.com/articles/article/2509423/73885.htm</ref> Dapčević continued with political activities until his death on July 12, 2001. He was a strong advocate of an independent ].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.montenegro-canada.com/articles/article/2509423/73885.htm | title=CRNOGORCI U BEOGRADU - III dio }}</ref>


==See also== ==See also==
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{{Informbiro Period}}
{{Authority control}} {{Authority control}}


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Latest revision as of 23:42, 10 October 2024

Montenegrin politician (1917–2001)
Vlado Dapčević
Personal details
BornVladimir Dapčević
(1917-06-14)14 June 1917
Ljubotinj, Montenegro
(now Cetinje, Montenegro)
Died12 July 2001(2001-07-12) (aged 84)
Brussels, Belgium
NationalityYugoslav, Montenegrin
Political partyCommunist Party of Yugoslavia (1933–1952)
Party of Labour (1991–2001)
SpouseMicheline Dapčević
ChildrenMilena Dapčević
AwardsOrder of Bravery
Medal of the Partisans - 1941
Military service
AllegianceYugoslav Partisans
RankColonel
Unit1st Proletarian Brigade
Battles/warsUprising in Montenegro
Battle of Pljevlja
Battle of Neretva
Battle of Sutjeska

Vladimir "Vlado" Dapčević (Serbian Cyrillic: Владимир "Владo" Дапчевић; 14 June 1917 – 12 July 2001) was a Yugoslav and Montenegrin communist, revolutionary and political leader who fought as a Partisan against Axis occupation troops and forces of the Independent State of Croatia during World War II. He was a political dissident and after the war he opposed the Anti-Soviet policy of Josip Broz Tito, president of Yugoslavia. He spent a total of 24 years in Yugoslav prisons as a political dissident for advocating anti-Titoism and Proletarian internationalism. After the collapse of Yugoslavia in 1990s, he founded the Party of Labour in Serbia.

He criticised Tito, as well as Soviet leaders Nikita Khrushchev and Leonid Brezhnev, for departing from Marxism–Leninism. He accused them for leaning towards capitalism and the latter two for exposing the Soviet Union to the collapse. He was the younger brother of famous Montenegrin communist military leader Peko Dapčević.

Early life

Dapčević was born 1917 in the village Ljubotinj in the Kingdom of Montenegro, he attended secondary school in Cetinje where he was expelled because of organizing a student strike.

At 16, in 1933, he became a member of the Alliance of Communist Youth of Yugoslavia (SKOJ). That very same year he was arrested for the first time due to taking part in distribution of communist leaflets. He was accepted into Communist Party of Yugoslavia (KPJ) in 1934.

In Cetinje, 1935, during Party demonstrations and clash with the police he was arrested and brutally beaten. He spent a month in jail, after which he continued his education in Podgorica, Nikšić, and Prizren. He was eventually expelled from all these schools.

Because of a break within KPJ in 1936 and the following mass arrests of Party members, the Party in Montenegro organized (dangerous) manifestations causing clashes with the police. Dapčević was arrested and spent four months in the Sarajevo jail.

In 1937, he was promoted to the post of Organizing Party Secretary in Cetinje. At the same time he signed up as a volunteer in the Spanish Civil War, on the Republican side. But police discovered the plot and arrested a large group of volunteers, including Dapčević.

After his release in 1939, the authorities allowed him to graduate from secondary school in Kotor, and he was accepted for studies at the School of Chemical Engineering in Belgrade. At Belgrade University he took a part in struggles for University autonomy from the Royal Government. In a clash with pro-royalist youths he gained a serious head injury.

During 1940, he went on a Party assignment to Boka Kotorska in Montenegro, where he worked on organizing Party cells. But the local KPJ committee dissolved due to internal misunderstandings and Dapčević headed back to Belgrade.

World War II

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Dapčević was living in Belgrade when, on April 6, 1941, the Luftwaffe unleashed a savage bombing of the city. As Yugoslavia surrendered to Nazi Germany, Dapčević moved from Belgrade back to Montenegro where he was active in the organization of resistance. However, shortly after a rebellion attack in Čevo on July 13, 1941, he was expelled from the Party. As a fighter of the Lovćen Battalion, he took part in the assault on Pljevlja, in which he was wounded, and he also played a part in the founding of the First Proletarian Brigade in Rudo, and crossed Mount Igman at Sarajevo.

He was re-admitted into the Party in Foča in early 1942, and designated political Commissar for the Drina Volunteer (Partisan) Detachment. By mid-1942, he was promoted to commander of the First Detachment of the Lovćen Battalion. However, due to his continued criticism of the Party, he was once again expelled. As a commander of a bombing squad, he took part in many actions until he was, once again, wounded at the end of 1942. He also took part in battles on Neretva and Sutjeska. After these, he was again re-admitted into the Party and assigned as the party for the Seventh Krajina Brigade.

During the first half of 1944, he was promoted to the Headquarters Officer School, and then to Commissar of the Tenth Division of NOVJ. When the war ended, he held the rank of a lieutenant colonel in the Yugoslav People's Army. After the war, he worked as a professor at the Party School for Officers, and in 1947, he was promoted to JNA Chief of Administration for Agitation and Propaganda (Agitprop).

After the war

In 1948, he attended the Fifth Party Congress. However, as he was in favor of the resolutions of the Information Bureau, he was forced to flee the country. He attempted to leave Yugoslavia together with his companion Arso Jovanović, an army general and the chief of army headquarters. They tried to cross the border with Romania but were stopped by the border guards. In the skirmish, Jovanović was shot to death, while Dapčević escaped unscathed and spent the following months in hiding in Belgrade. In the fall of 1948, he attempted to escape to Hungary, but was arrested and kept in custody for a total of 22 months before finally receiving a 20-year jail sentence.

From June 1950 to December 6, 1956, he was imprisoned in concentration camps at Stara Gradiška, Bileća and Goli Otok, and each time exposed to brutal torture.

After his early release and due to the threat of re-arrest, he escaped to Albania in 1958 with a group of comrades. After a couple of months, they traveled to and settled in the USSR.

Upon arrival in the USSR, he was offered to continue with his education or accept a corresponding job. He refused this offer and continued with his political work. During 1961, he organized strong propaganda for the Conference of Communist Parties in Moscow. As a result, thanks in part to his activity, the Conference adopted the resolution of condemnation of the Yugoslav Communist Alliance (SKJ) as a revisionist and an Anti-Marxist party.

During the Cuban Missile Crisis, Dapčević and other émigrés organized volunteer groups to Cuba, but were prevented from departing by the Soviet authorities.

Between 1964 and 1965, Dapčević lived in Odessa where he worked on a doctoral dissertation on the Yugoslav workers movement. In early 1965, he wanted to join the communist forces fighting the Vietnam War as a volunteer, but was still not allowed to leave the Soviet Union.

He finally left the Soviet Union in 1966, by illegally emigrating to Western Europe. He lived in France, Switzerland and the Netherlands, where he mostly worked as a physical laborer. He strove to develop political dissent among the Yugoslav economic emigration (gastarbeiters), but with little result. He was arrested several times and deported from each of the three countries he had been staying in. In 1969, he managed to obtain permanent residence in Belgium. In Brussels, he married a Belgian citizen and lived in Ixelles near the Brussels university ULB. In 1975 even became a Belgian citizen himself. While there, he kept in touch with West European Marxist–Leninist groups and took part in their activities. In 1973, he survived an assassination attempt by UDBA.

In 1975, the Romanian and Yugoslav secret services organized Dapčević's kidnapping while he was visiting Bucharest, after which he was extradited to Yugoslavia. He had been sentenced to death in absentia, but the punishment was commuted to 20 years of hard labor (this leniency was shown to him as his brother Peko Dapčević was a renowned army general and World War II hero). He was released from the Požarevac prison in 1988, and promptly expelled from Yugoslavia.

Dapčević was allowed to return to Yugoslavia in September 1990, in the midst of political turmoil. In his many interviews and public appearances he indicated there was an imminent danger of civil war and dissolution of Yugoslavia.

On March 27, 1992, he founded the Party of Labour and during the civil war in the former Yugoslavia, he actively worked on the strengthening of democracy and unity against the Milošević government.

Between 1992 and 1996, he attended Marxist–Leninist party conferences and meetings. In 1997, at the first Party of Labour congress, Dapčević set the party program and political aims, laying foundations for a real revolutionary party in Yugoslavia.

Dapčević continued with political activities until his death on July 12, 2001. He was a strong advocate of an independent Montenegro.

See also

External links

Sources

  1. "Odiseja Vlada Dapčevića".
  2. "Odiseja Vlada Dapčevića". NOVOSTI (in Serbian). Retrieved 2022-08-26.
  3. "CRNOGORCI U BEOGRADU - III dio".
Informbiro Period
Goli Otok prison
Yugoslav leadership
Killed
Imprisoned
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