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{{Short description|Italian vehicle and aero-engine manufacturer}}
{{Infobox Defunct Company
{{other uses of|Ceirano}}
⚫ | company_name = S.P.A.<br>Società Piemontese Automobili
{{Infobox company
| company_logo = SPA1906.jpg
⚫ | name = S.P.A.<br>Società Piemontese Automobili
| logo = Logo Società Piemontese Automobili.svg
| logo_size = 150
| foundation = 1906 | foundation = 1906
| defunct = 1926 | defunct = {{end date and age|1926}}
| fate = ceased production | fate = Taken over by ]
| location = ], ] | location = ], ]
| industry = ] | industry = ]
| key_people = ], ] founders | key_people = ], ] founders
| products = ] | products = ]s, ]s
| parent = | parent =
| owner=
| subsid =
}} }}
⚫ '''S.P.A.''' ('''Società Piemontese Automobili''') was an Italian ], military vehicle and ] manufacturer founded in Turin by ] and ]. It was active between 1906 and 1926. In 1908, it merged with ] (FLAG) and the new company, Società Ligure Piemontese Automobili, was headquartered in Genoa while manufacturing in Turin.
⚫ ]
⚫ '''S.P.A.''' (Società Piemontese Automobili), was an Italian ], military vehicle and aero-engine manufacturer founded in Turin by ] and ]. It was active between 1906 and 1926. In 1908, it merged with ] and the new company, Società Ligure Piemontese Automobili, was head-quartered in Genoa while manufacturing in Turin.


In 1923 it moved to Turin and in 1925 was taken over by ], whereby car manufacture ceased but commercial and military vehicle production continued. Although car production resumed after ], by 1947 the company was fully absorbed into ]. In 1923 it moved to Turin and in 1925 was taken over by ], whereby car manufacture ceased but commercial and military vehicle production continued. Although car production resumed after ], by 1947 the company was fully absorbed into Fiat.


==Ceirano family background==
==Background==
⚫ The Ceirano brothers, ], ] and ], were influential in the founding of the Italian auto industry, being variously responsible for : ]; ]; ] (Società Ceirano Automobili Torino); ] and S.P.A. (Società Piemontese Automobili).


⚫ The Ceirano brothers, ], ], ] and ], were influential in the founding of the Italian auto industry, being variously responsible for : ]; ] (the technical basis of F.I.A.T.); ]; ] (]); ] (Società Ceirano Automobili Torino); ] and S.P.A. (Società Piemontese Automobili). Giovanni's son ] was also influential, co-founding ] (aka ]) and ] (FATA).
⚫ In 1888, after eight years apprenticeship at his father's watch-making business, ] started building ''Welleyes'' bicycles, so named because English names had more sales appeal.<ref></ref> In October 1898 Giovanni co-founded ] and started producing the ''Welleyes'' motor car in 1899. In July 1899 the plant and patents were sold to ] and produced as the first ]s. In 1904 ] left Ceirano GB & C to create his own brand - ]. In 1906 Matteo left Itala to found S.P.A. (Società Piemontese Automobili). In 1906 Giovanni founded ] (Società Ceirano Automobili Torino) in Turin.<ref name="UniqueCars"></ref>

⚫ In 1888, after eight years apprenticeship at his father's watch-making business, Giovanni Battista started building ''Welleyes'' bicycles, so named because English names had more sales appeal.<ref></ref> In October 1898 Giovanni Battista and Matteo co-founded ] and started producing the ''Welleyes'' motor car in 1899. In July 1899 the plant and patents were sold to ] and produced as the first F.I.A.T.s - the ]. Giovanni Battista was employed by Fiat as the agent for Italy, but within a year he left to found ] which in 1903 became ] (S.T.A.R.) building cars badged as 'Rapid'. In 1904 ] left Ceirano GB & C to create his own brand - ]. In 1906 Matteo left Itala to found S.P.A. (Società Piemontese Automobili) with chief designer, Alberto Ballacco. In 1906 Giovanni founded SCAT (Società Ceirano Automobili Torino) in Turin. In 1919 Giovanni and Giovanni "Ernesto" co-founded ] (aka ]) and in 1922 they took control of Fabrica Anonima Torinese Automobili (FATA).


==History== ==History==
] in North Africa, March 1943, crewed by the PAI. It is part of the "103rd Compagnie Arditi Camionettisti", half of which fought on the Tunisian Front and the other half on the Libyan Front.]] ] in North Africa, March 1943, crewed by the PAI. It is part of the "103rd Compagnie Arditi Camionettisti", half of which fought on the Tunisian Front and the other half on the Libyan Front]]
]
The company was established in 1906 by ] and ] (founder of ] automobiles) in ] under the name of ''Società Piemontese Automobili''. The chief designer was Alberto Ballacco. The company was established in 1906 by ] and ] (founder of ] automobiles) in ] under the name of Società Piemontese Automobili. The chief designer was Alberto Ballacco.


In 1908, the company merged with '']'' (FLAG) and the new company became ''Società Ligure Piemontese Automobili''. The headquarters was in ] while production continued in Turin. In 1908, the company merged with ] (FLAG) and the new company became Società Ligure Piemontese Automobili. The headquarters was in ] while production continued in Turin.


During World War 1 the company produced aero engines such as the ]. During World War I the company produced aero engines such as the ]. Shortly afterwards, in 1916, both Ceirano and Ansaldi left.


⚫ In 1923 the company moved to Turin. Severe financial problems lead to a take-over by Fiat in 1925 and the discontinuation of car manufacture in favor of commercial and military vehicles.<ref name="Georgano" />
In 1916, both Ceirano and Ansaldi left.


⚫ After ] they resumed car production, but, in 1947, the company was fully absorbed into Fiat.
In 1923 the company moved to Turin.

⚫ Financial problems lead to a take-over by ] in 1925 and the discontinuation of car manufacture in favour of commercial and military vehicles.<ref name="Georgano"/>

⚫ After ] they resumed car production but in 1947 the company was fully absorbed into Fiat.


==Cars== ==Cars==
Line 43: Line 45:
By 1907 they also produced two six-cylinder models, one of which had the ] mounted at the front of the crankshaft.<ref name="Georgano"/> By 1907 they also produced two six-cylinder models, one of which had the ] mounted at the front of the crankshaft.<ref name="Georgano"/>


By 1911 they had introduced ''L-head'' ] designs, ]es, and ] ] ignition systems.<ref name="Georgano"/> By 1911 they had introduced ''L-head'' ] designs, ]es, and ] ] ignition systems.<ref name="Georgano"/> The next year they sold 500 cars and introduced a new four cylinder 14/16&nbsp;hp engine as the basis of their modern, compact car.<ref name="Georgano" />


⚫ By 1914 the range included twin, four and six cylinder cars - the biggest had an 11,536cc displacement.{{citation needed|date=April 2014}}
In 1912 they sold 500 cars and introduced a new four cylinder 14/16hp engine as the basis of their modern, compact car.<ref name="Georgano"/>


⚫ After ] production resumed with the pre-war models; the ''14/16 HP'' using a 2.700cc side-valve engine and the '''25/30 HP'' using a 4,400cc six cylinder engine.<ref name="Georgano"/>
⚫ By 1914 the range included twin, four and six cylinder cars - the biggest had an 11,536cc displacement.{{source needed|date=April 2014}}


⚫ In 1922 the highly sophisticated 30/40 Super Sports was launched, with a 4,400cc six cylinder engine, using twin overhead camshafts (]) operating four valves per cylinder. The aluminium alloy cylinders had steel liners and aluminium pistons, plus dual carburettors and dual-ignition. The car was also equipped with front-wheel brakes and a V-shaped radiator.<ref name="Georgano"/> By the next year, the sporting range was marketed as ''Tipo 23'', ''Tipo 24'' and ''Tipo 25''.
⚫ After ] production resumed with the pre-war models; the ''14/16 HP'' using a 2.700cc side-valve engine and the '''25/30 HP'' using a 4,400cc six cylinder engine.<ref name="Georgano"/>


==Racing==
⚫ In 1922 the highly sophisticated 30/40 Super Sports was launched, with a 4,400cc six cylinder engine, using twin overhead camshafts (]) operating four valves per cylinder. The aluminium alloy cylinders had steel liners and aluminium pistons, plus dual carburettors and dual-ignition. The car was also equipped with front-wheel brakes and a V-shaped radiator.<ref name="Georgano"/>
⚫ ]
In 1908 ] finished third in the ] driving a four-cylinder, 7,785cc, S.P.A. 28/40 HP.


⚫ In ] an S.P.A. racer driven by ] won the ] race. Completing a single lap of the 148km ''Grande Circuit'' in 2 hours 43 minutes 19 seconds at an average speed of 54.67&nbsp;km/h.<ref name="Targa all"></ref><ref name="Targa 1911"></ref>
By 1923 the sporting range was marketed as ''Tipo 23'', ''Tipo 24'' and ''Tipo 25''.

===Competition===
⚫ In ] an S.P.A. racer driven by ] won the ] race. Completing a single lap of the 148km ''Grande Circuit'' in 2 hours 43 minutes 19 seconds at an average speed of 54.67 kph.<ref name="Targa all"></ref><ref name="Targa 1911"></ref>


=== Range=== === Range===
{{Div col|colwidth=12em}}
* 28/40 HP * 28/40 HP
* 50 HP * 50 HP
Line 69: Line 69:
* Tipo 24 * Tipo 24
* Tipo 25 * Tipo 25
{{Div col end}}


==Aero engines== ==Aero engines==
] ]
During ] the company also produced ]. The ] was a water-cooled ] six-cylinder engine that produced 220 horsepower (164&nbsp;kW). During ] the company also produced ]. The ] was a water-cooled ] six-cylinder engine that produced 220 horsepower (164&nbsp;kW).


The SPA 6A was used to power:
The SPA 6A was used to power: the ] - Italy's only domestically-produced ]; the ] - ] biplane; the ] - a 1921 Italian sport and touring aircraft ; Breda A.3; Breda A.9 and A.9bis - a 1928 Italian ] ] for the ''Regia Aeronautica''; the ] - a 1920 Italian ]; and the ]/] - a 1919-1920s Italian ].
* ] - Italy's only domestically-produced ];
* ] - ] biplane;
* ] - a 1921 Italian sport and touring aircraft;
* Breda A.3;
* Breda A.9 and A.9bis - a 1928 Italian ] ] for the ''Regia Aeronautica'';
* ] - a 1920 Italian ];
* ]/] - a 1919-1920s Italian ].


==Military vehicles== ==Military vehicles==
⚫ * SPA 9000 da 102/35
{{Div col|colwidth=12em}}
* ]
⚫ * SPA 9000 da 102/35 catturato dagli austriaci
* Dovunque 35 * ]
* Dovunque 35 protetto
* Dovunque 41 * Dovunque 41
* 25C/10 * 25C/10 (''see ]'')
* 36R * 36R
* 38R * 38R
Line 94: Line 99:
* TM40 * TM40
* A-10000 * A-10000
{{Div col end}}


==See also== ==See also==
{{Portal|Italy|Companies}} {{Portal|Italy|Companies}}
* ] * ]
* ]
* ], a license-built Polish modification of SPA 25C


==References== ==References==
{{reflist}} {{Reflist}}


== External links == == External links ==
{{Commons category}}
* *
* *
* *


{{Automotive industry in Italy}}
{{Fiat Group}} {{Fiat}}
{{Authority control}}

⚫ ]
] ]
] ]
] ]
] ]
⚫ ]
] ]
] ]
] ]
] ]

Latest revision as of 12:51, 13 October 2024

Italian vehicle and aero-engine manufacturer For other uses of "Ceirano", see Ceirano (disambiguation).
S.P.A.
Società Piemontese Automobili
IndustryAutomotive
Founded1906
Defunct1926; 99 years ago (1926)
FateTaken over by Fiat
HeadquartersTurin, Italy
Key peopleMichele Ansaldi, Matteo Ceirano founders
ProductsAutomobiles, military vehicles

S.P.A. (Società Piemontese Automobili) was an Italian automobile, military vehicle and aero-engine manufacturer founded in Turin by Matteo Ceirano and Michele Ansaldi. It was active between 1906 and 1926. In 1908, it merged with Fabbrica Ligure Automobili Genova (FLAG) and the new company, Società Ligure Piemontese Automobili, was headquartered in Genoa while manufacturing in Turin.

In 1923 it moved to Turin and in 1925 was taken over by Fiat, whereby car manufacture ceased but commercial and military vehicle production continued. Although car production resumed after World War II, by 1947 the company was fully absorbed into Fiat.

Ceirano family background

The Ceirano brothers, Giovanni Battista, Giovanni, Ernesto and Matteo, were influential in the founding of the Italian auto industry, being variously responsible for : Ceirano; Welleyes (the technical basis of F.I.A.T.); Fratelli Ceirano; S.T.A.R./Rapid (Società Torinese Automobili Rapid); SCAT (Società Ceirano Automobili Torino); Itala and S.P.A. (Società Piemontese Automobili). Giovanni's son Giovanni "Ernesto" was also influential, co-founding Ceirano Fabbrica Automobili (aka Giovanni Ceirano Fabbrica Automobili) and Fabrica Anonima Torinese Automobili (FATA).

In 1888, after eight years apprenticeship at his father's watch-making business, Giovanni Battista started building Welleyes bicycles, so named because English names had more sales appeal. In October 1898 Giovanni Battista and Matteo co-founded Ceirano GB & C and started producing the Welleyes motor car in 1899. In July 1899 the plant and patents were sold to Giovanni Agnelli and produced as the first F.I.A.T.s - the Fiat 4 HP. Giovanni Battista was employed by Fiat as the agent for Italy, but within a year he left to found Fratelli Ceirano & C. which in 1903 became Società Torinese Automobili Rapid (S.T.A.R.) building cars badged as 'Rapid'. In 1904 Matteo Ceirano left Ceirano GB & C to create his own brand - Itala. In 1906 Matteo left Itala to found S.P.A. (Società Piemontese Automobili) with chief designer, Alberto Ballacco. In 1906 Giovanni founded SCAT (Società Ceirano Automobili Torino) in Turin. In 1919 Giovanni and Giovanni "Ernesto" co-founded Ceirano Fabbrica Automobili (aka Giovanni Ceirano Fabbrica Automobili) and in 1922 they took control of Fabrica Anonima Torinese Automobili (FATA).

History

SPA-Viberti AS.42 in North Africa, March 1943, crewed by the PAI. It is part of the "103rd Compagnie Arditi Camionettisti", half of which fought on the Tunisian Front and the other half on the Libyan Front
SPA bus model 34

The company was established in 1906 by Matteo Ceirano and Michele Ansaldi (founder of Ansaldi automobiles) in Turin under the name of Società Piemontese Automobili. The chief designer was Alberto Ballacco.

In 1908, the company merged with Fabbrica Ligure Automobili Genova (FLAG) and the new company became Società Ligure Piemontese Automobili. The headquarters was in Genoa while production continued in Turin.

During World War I the company produced aero engines such as the 6A. Shortly afterwards, in 1916, both Ceirano and Ansaldi left.

In 1923 the company moved to Turin. Severe financial problems lead to a take-over by Fiat in 1925 and the discontinuation of car manufacture in favor of commercial and military vehicles.

After World War II they resumed car production, but, in 1947, the company was fully absorbed into Fiat.

Cars

1922 SPA 23S at Museo dell'Automobile

The first S.P.A.s designed by Alberto Ballacco and Ceirano were the 28/40HP and 60/70 HP which had four cylinder engines, side valves and live rear axles. They were exhibited at the Esposizione di Torino.

By 1907 they also produced two six-cylinder models, one of which had the flywheel mounted at the front of the crankshaft.

By 1911 they had introduced L-head monobloc engine designs, unitary gearboxes, and High tension magneto ignition systems. The next year they sold 500 cars and introduced a new four cylinder 14/16 hp engine as the basis of their modern, compact car.

By 1914 the range included twin, four and six cylinder cars - the biggest had an 11,536cc displacement.

After World War I production resumed with the pre-war models; the 14/16 HP using a 2.700cc side-valve engine and the '25/30 HP using a 4,400cc six cylinder engine.

In 1922 the highly sophisticated 30/40 Super Sports was launched, with a 4,400cc six cylinder engine, using twin overhead camshafts (dohc) operating four valves per cylinder. The aluminium alloy cylinders had steel liners and aluminium pistons, plus dual carburettors and dual-ignition. The car was also equipped with front-wheel brakes and a V-shaped radiator. By the next year, the sporting range was marketed as Tipo 23, Tipo 24 and Tipo 25.

Racing

S.P.A. 50 HP 9000 1914

In 1908 Ernesto Ceirano finished third in the Targa Florio driving a four-cylinder, 7,785cc, S.P.A. 28/40 HP.

In 1909 an S.P.A. racer driven by Francesco Ciuppa won the Targa Florio race. Completing a single lap of the 148km Grande Circuit in 2 hours 43 minutes 19 seconds at an average speed of 54.67 km/h.

Range

  • 28/40 HP
  • 50 HP
  • 60/70 HP
  • 25/30 HP
  • 14/16 HP
  • Tipo 23
  • Tipo 23 S
  • Tipo 24
  • Tipo 25

Aero engines

SPA 6A inline engine

During World War I the company also produced aero engines. The S.P.A. 6A was a water-cooled inline six-cylinder engine that produced 220 horsepower (164 kW).

The SPA 6A was used to power:

Military vehicles

See also

References

  1. Lancia, the essentials
  2. ^ The Complete History of the Motor Car by G.N. Georgano. Ebury Press 1973. pp 636
  3. History of Targa Florio
  4. History of Targa Florio - 1909

External links

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