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| {{Short description|Use of homeopathy as a preventive medicine against infectious diseases}} | {{Short description|Use of homeopathy as a preventive medicine against infectious diseases}} | ||
| {{Alternative medical systems|fringe}} | {{Alternative medical systems|fringe}} | ||
| '''Homeoprophylaxis''', or homeopathic prophylaxis, is the use of ] as a ] or ] against serious ]s. | '''Homeoprophylaxis''', or homeopathic prophylaxis, is the use of ], as a ] or ] against serious ]s.<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Mukerji N, Ernst E |title=Why homoeopathy is pseudoscience |journal=Synthese |date=14 September 2022 |volume=200 |issue=5 |eissn=1573-0964 |doi=10.1007/s11229-022-03882-w |pmid=|s2cid=252297716 |url= |doi-access=free}}</ref> | ||
| == History == | == History == | ||
| === Malaria === | === Malaria === | ||
| The concept came to wider notice in the UK after an undercover operation by the ], ] and BBC ] in 2006. Posing as a traveller to countries known to be affected by ] a researcher visited pharmacies in London and recorded her conversations with homeopaths who offered the (mistaken) advice that homeopathic remedies could protect against malaria. Dr ], the then Director of the Royal London Homeopathic Hospital (since renamed to ]) told Newsnight that there was "absolutely no reason to think that homeopathy works to prevent malaria" and that "people may even die of malaria if they follow this advice."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/programmes/newsnight/5178122.stm|title=Malaria advice 'risks lives'|publisher=BBC News|date=13 July 2006|access-date=29 October 2019}}</ref> | The concept came to wider notice in the UK after an undercover operation by the ], ] and BBC ] in 2006. Posing as a traveller to countries known to be affected by ] a researcher visited pharmacies in London and recorded her conversations with homeopaths who offered the (mistaken) advice that homeopathic remedies could protect against malaria. Dr ], the then Director of the Royal London Homeopathic Hospital (since renamed to ]) told Newsnight that there was "absolutely no reason to think that homeopathy works to prevent malaria" and that "people may even die of malaria if they follow this advice."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/programmes/newsnight/5178122.stm|title=Malaria advice 'risks lives'|publisher=BBC News|date=13 July 2006|access-date=29 October 2019}}</ref> | ||
| Following the programme's broadcast the ] (GPhC) began an investigation into some of the pharmacies involved but in 2011 announced it was dropping the cases citing improvements already made to prevent a re-occurrence and the cases not meeting the threshold criteria for a referral to the investigation committee.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-12153074|title=Cases dropped against malaria homeopaths|publisher=BBC News|date=11 January 2006|access-date=29 October 2019}}</ref> | Following the programme's broadcast the ] (GPhC) began an investigation into some of the pharmacies involved but in 2011 announced it was dropping the cases citing improvements already made to prevent a re-occurrence and the cases not meeting the threshold criteria for a referral to the investigation committee.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-12153074|title=Cases dropped against malaria homeopaths|publisher=BBC News|date=11 January 2006|access-date=29 October 2019}}</ref> | ||
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| In 2010 a BBC Scotland programme found that three of the six members of the Homeopathic Medical Association, based in Scotland, were offering homeopathic ] 'vaccines' to parents.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-11277990|title=Doctors warn over homeopathic 'vaccines'|publisher=BBC News|date=13 September 2010|access-date=29 October 2019}}</ref> | In 2010 a BBC Scotland programme found that three of the six members of the Homeopathic Medical Association, based in Scotland, were offering homeopathic ] 'vaccines' to parents.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-11277990|title=Doctors warn over homeopathic 'vaccines'|publisher=BBC News|date=13 September 2010|access-date=29 October 2019}}</ref> | ||
| In November 2014 the Canadian programme CBC Marketplace investigated the advice parents were being given in homeopathic practices in Toronto and Vancouver, finding that some "offered treatments, called "]s", |
In November 2014 the Canadian programme CBC Marketplace investigated the advice parents were being given in homeopathic practices in Toronto and Vancouver, finding that some "offered treatments, called "]s", created from biological materials such as pus, diseased tissue, bacilli from sputum or (in the case of "bowel nosodes") faeces",<ref>{{cite journal |author =Pray WS |title =The challenge to professionalism presented by homeopathy |journal =American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education |volume =60 |pages =198–204 |year =1996 }}</ref> as vaccine alternatives, telling parents that the treatment is as effective as vaccines against diseases such as ], ] and ] (whooping cough), which is highly contagious and can be fatal for infants", a practice described by Shannon MacDonald (a registered nurse and adjunct assistant professor at the ]) as "terribly irresponsible".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/health/vaccine-alternatives-offered-by-homeopaths-irresponsible-1.2852408|title=Vaccine alternatives offered by homeopaths 'irresponsible'|publisher=CBC|date=28 November 2014|access-date=29 October 2019}}</ref> | ||
| In December 2014, Australian Federal Court found that homeopathy supplier Homeopathy Plus! and its director Frances Sheffield, had engaged in misleading and deceptive conduct regarding both the effectiveness of the whooping cough vaccine and also implying that homeopathic alternatives were safe and effective in preventing whooping cough. In doing so they breached Australian Consumer Law.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.accc.gov.au/media-release/court-finds-homeopathy-plus-vaccine-claims-misleading|title=Court finds Homeopathy Plus! vaccine claims misleading|publisher=Australian Competition & Consumer Commission|date=23 December 2014|access-date=29 October 2019}}</ref> | In December 2014, Australian Federal Court found that homeopathy supplier Homeopathy Plus! and its director Frances Sheffield, had engaged in misleading and deceptive conduct regarding both the effectiveness of the whooping cough vaccine and also implying that homeopathic alternatives were safe and effective in preventing whooping cough. In doing so they breached Australian Consumer Law.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.accc.gov.au/media-release/court-finds-homeopathy-plus-vaccine-claims-misleading|title=Court finds Homeopathy Plus! vaccine claims misleading|publisher=Australian Competition & Consumer Commission|date=23 December 2014|access-date=29 October 2019}}</ref> | ||
| An undercover investigation in May 2019 by The Times highlighted the continued problem of some alternative medicine practitioners in the UK offering homeoprophylaxis.<ref name="UselessAlternatives">{{cite web|url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/antivaxxers-how-homeopaths-push-useless-alternatives-to-crucial-vaccines-39zm52gp5|title=How homeopaths push useless alternatives to crucial vaccines|date=4 May 2019|work=The Times|access-date=15 July 2019}} {{subscription required}}</ref> The Society of Homeopaths responded to one of their members being included in the feature (as someone who has offered homeoprophylaxis) by lodging an official complaint to ], the press regulator.<ref name="SoH_IPSO_pressrelease">{{cite web|url=https://homeopathy-soh.org/society-to-protest-to-press-body-after-member-is-misled-by-reporter/|title=Society to protest to Press body after member is 'misled' by reporter|date=7 May 2019|publisher=Society of Homeopaths|access-date=15 July 2019}}</ref> The Society's position statement "does not endorse the use of homeopathic medicines as an alternative to vaccination for the prevention of serious infectious diseases" though, somewhat conflictingly, also suggests that "homeoprophylaxis may be effective in certain circumstances".<ref name="sohpositionstatement">{{cite web|title=Position statements|url=https://homeopathy-soh.org/about-us/position-statement/|access-date=29 October 2019|publisher=Society of Homeopaths}}</ref> | An undercover investigation in May 2019 by The Times highlighted the continued problem of some alternative medicine practitioners in the UK offering homeoprophylaxis.<ref name="UselessAlternatives">{{cite web|url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/antivaxxers-how-homeopaths-push-useless-alternatives-to-crucial-vaccines-39zm52gp5|title=How homeopaths push useless alternatives to crucial vaccines|date=4 May 2019|work=The Times|access-date=15 July 2019}} {{subscription required}}</ref> The Society of Homeopaths responded to one of their members being included in the feature (as someone who has offered homeoprophylaxis) by lodging an official complaint to ], the press regulator.<ref name="SoH_IPSO_pressrelease">{{cite web|url=https://homeopathy-soh.org/society-to-protest-to-press-body-after-member-is-misled-by-reporter/|title=Society to protest to Press body after member is 'misled' by reporter|date=7 May 2019|publisher=Society of Homeopaths|access-date=15 July 2019|archive-date=17 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190717231219/https://homeopathy-soh.org/society-to-protest-to-press-body-after-member-is-misled-by-reporter/|url-status=dead}}</ref> The Society's position statement "does not endorse the use of homeopathic medicines as an alternative to vaccination for the prevention of serious infectious diseases" though, somewhat conflictingly, also suggests that "homeoprophylaxis may be effective in certain circumstances".<ref name="sohpositionstatement">{{cite web|title=Position statements|url=https://homeopathy-soh.org/about-us/position-statement/|access-date=29 October 2019|publisher=Society of Homeopaths}}</ref> | ||
| === COVID-19 pandemic === | === COVID-19 pandemic === | ||
Latest revision as of 15:16, 21 October 2024
Use of homeopathy as a preventive medicine against infectious diseases
Homeoprophylaxis, or homeopathic prophylaxis, is the use of homeopathy, as a preventive medicine or immunisation against serious infectious diseases.
History
Malaria
The concept came to wider notice in the UK after an undercover operation by the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Sense about Science and BBC Newsnight in 2006. Posing as a traveller to countries known to be affected by malaria a researcher visited pharmacies in London and recorded her conversations with homeopaths who offered the (mistaken) advice that homeopathic remedies could protect against malaria. Dr Peter Fisher, the then Director of the Royal London Homeopathic Hospital (since renamed to Royal London Hospital for Integrated Medicine) told Newsnight that there was "absolutely no reason to think that homeopathy works to prevent malaria" and that "people may even die of malaria if they follow this advice."
Following the programme's broadcast the General Pharmaceutical Council (GPhC) began an investigation into some of the pharmacies involved but in 2011 announced it was dropping the cases citing improvements already made to prevent a re-occurrence and the cases not meeting the threshold criteria for a referral to the investigation committee.
Purported alternative to vaccines
In 2010 a BBC Scotland programme found that three of the six members of the Homeopathic Medical Association, based in Scotland, were offering homeopathic MMR 'vaccines' to parents.
In November 2014 the Canadian programme CBC Marketplace investigated the advice parents were being given in homeopathic practices in Toronto and Vancouver, finding that some "offered treatments, called "nosodes", created from biological materials such as pus, diseased tissue, bacilli from sputum or (in the case of "bowel nosodes") faeces", as vaccine alternatives, telling parents that the treatment is as effective as vaccines against diseases such as measles, polio and pertussis (whooping cough), which is highly contagious and can be fatal for infants", a practice described by Shannon MacDonald (a registered nurse and adjunct assistant professor at the University of Alberta) as "terribly irresponsible".
In December 2014, Australian Federal Court found that homeopathy supplier Homeopathy Plus! and its director Frances Sheffield, had engaged in misleading and deceptive conduct regarding both the effectiveness of the whooping cough vaccine and also implying that homeopathic alternatives were safe and effective in preventing whooping cough. In doing so they breached Australian Consumer Law.
An undercover investigation in May 2019 by The Times highlighted the continued problem of some alternative medicine practitioners in the UK offering homeoprophylaxis. The Society of Homeopaths responded to one of their members being included in the feature (as someone who has offered homeoprophylaxis) by lodging an official complaint to IPSO, the press regulator. The Society's position statement "does not endorse the use of homeopathic medicines as an alternative to vaccination for the prevention of serious infectious diseases" though, somewhat conflictingly, also suggests that "homeoprophylaxis may be effective in certain circumstances".
COVID-19 pandemic
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On 14 July 2021 Juli Mazi of Napa, a California-licensed naturopathic doctor, was arrested for "her alleged scheme to sell homeoprophylaxis immunization pellets and to falsify COVID-19 vaccination cards by making it appear that customers had received the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) authorized Moderna vaccine." She is charged with one count of wire fraud and one count of false statements related to health care matters and is the first person to face a "federal criminal fraud prosecution related to homeoprophylaxis immunizations" or "for selling fake Covid-19 vaccination cards".
According to Deputy Attorney General, Lisa O. Monaco “This defendant allegedly defrauded and endangered the public by preying on fears and spreading misinformation about FDA-authorized vaccinations, while also peddling fake treatments that put people’s lives at risk. Even worse, the defendant allegedly created counterfeit COVID-19 vaccination cards and instructed her customers to falsely mark that they had received a vaccine, allowing them to circumvent efforts to contain the spread of the disease." The story has also been reported in the Courthouse News Service, Ars Technica, The Washington Post, The New York Times and NBC News.
References
- Mukerji N, Ernst E (14 September 2022). "Why homoeopathy is pseudoscience". Synthese. 200 (5). doi:10.1007/s11229-022-03882-w. eISSN 1573-0964. S2CID 252297716.
- "Malaria advice 'risks lives'". BBC News. 13 July 2006. Retrieved 29 October 2019.
- "Cases dropped against malaria homeopaths". BBC News. 11 January 2006. Retrieved 29 October 2019.
- "Doctors warn over homeopathic 'vaccines'". BBC News. 13 September 2010. Retrieved 29 October 2019.
- Pray WS (1996). "The challenge to professionalism presented by homeopathy". American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education. 60: 198–204.
- "Vaccine alternatives offered by homeopaths 'irresponsible'". CBC. 28 November 2014. Retrieved 29 October 2019.
- "Court finds Homeopathy Plus! vaccine claims misleading". Australian Competition & Consumer Commission. 23 December 2014. Retrieved 29 October 2019.
- "How homeopaths push useless alternatives to crucial vaccines". The Times. 4 May 2019. Retrieved 15 July 2019. (subscription required)
- "Society to protest to Press body after member is 'misled' by reporter". Society of Homeopaths. 7 May 2019. Archived from the original on 17 July 2019. Retrieved 15 July 2019.
- "Position statements". Society of Homeopaths. Retrieved 29 October 2019.
- ^ "Woman Arrested for Fake COVID-19 Immunization and Vaccination Card Scheme". US Department of Justice, Press Release. 14 July 2021. Retrieved 17 July 2021.
- ^ "Homeopathic Doctor Is Charged With Selling Fake Covid-19 Vaccine Cards". The New York Times. 15 July 2021. Retrieved 17 July 2021.
- "Homeopathic Doctor Arrested for Selling Fake Covid-19 Vaccines". Courthouse News Service. 14 July 2021. Retrieved 17 July 2021.
- "Feds arrest CA homeopath for selling COVID pellets, fake CDC vaccine cards". Ars Technica. 15 July 2021. Retrieved 17 July 2021.
- "Homeopathic doctor sold fake vaccine cards and 'immunization pellets,' prosecutors say". The Washington Post. 15 July 2021. Retrieved 17 July 2021.
- "California doctor charged with selling fake Covid immunization pellets". NBC News. 16 July 2021. Retrieved 17 July 2021.
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