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{{Short description|Historical province of Greater Armenia}}
{{For|the village|Gugark, Armenia}} {{For|the village|Gugark, Armenia}}


{{Refimprove|date=March 2012}} {{More citations needed|date=March 2012}}
{{Infobox Former Subdivision {{Infobox Former Subdivision
|native_name = Գուգարք |native_name = Գուգարք
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|today = {{flag|Armenia}}<br>{{flag|Turkey}}<br>{{flag|Georgia (country)}} |today = {{flag|Armenia}}<br>{{flag|Turkey}}<br>{{flag|Georgia (country)}}
}} }}
'''Gugark''' ({{lang-hy|]}}, {{lang-lat|'''Gogarene'''}}, ]: ''Γογαρινή'') was the 13th province of ]. It now comprises parts of northern ], northeast ], and southwest ].<ref name=":0">{{Cite encyclopedia|year=1975|title=Գուգարք|encyclopedia=Armenian Soviet Encyclopedia|location=Yerevan|url=https://hy.wikisource.org/%D4%B7%D5%BB:%D5%80%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%8D%D5%B8%D5%BE%D5%A5%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%80%D5%A1%D5%B6%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%A3%D5%AB%D5%BF%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B6_(Soviet_Armenian_Encyclopedia)_3.djvu/240|volume=3|page=240-241}}</ref> '''Gugark''' ({{langx|hy|]}}, {{langx|la|Gogarene}}, {{langx|grc|Γογαρινή}}) was the 13th province of ]. It now comprises parts of northern ], northeast ], and southwest ].<ref name=":0">{{Cite encyclopedia|year=1975|title=Գուգարք|encyclopedia=Armenian Soviet Encyclopedia|location=Yerevan|url=https://hy.wikisource.org/%D4%B7%D5%BB:%D5%80%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%8D%D5%B8%D5%BE%D5%A5%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%80%D5%A1%D5%B6%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%A3%D5%AB%D5%BF%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B6_(Soviet_Armenian_Encyclopedia)_3.djvu/240|volume=3|pages=240–241}}</ref>


== Etymology == == Etymology ==
Line 23: Line 24:


==History== ==History==
At first, according to ancient ] inscriptions recorded in 785 BC, territory of Gugark was referred to as ].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Melkʻonyan|first=A. A.|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/607636080|title=Javakhk in the 19th century and the 1st quarter of the 20th century : a historical research|date=2007|publisher=National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia, Institute of History|isbn=978-99941-73-07-5|location=Erevan|oclc=607636080}}</ref> who, in all senses would be ancestors of the Georgian subgroup of ]. Then, it became part of ]. In III century the territory was taken by ], but during ]'s reign it was re-conquered. During the reign of the ] and ] kings of Armenia, Gugark was ruled by one of the kingdom's four ''].'' The ''bdeshkh'' of Gugark was responsible for protecting the state's northern border. During of the 4th century, the region was ruled by members of a ] of the ].<ref>]. Introduction to Christian Caucasian History, II: States and Dynasties of the Formative Period. ''Traditio'' 17 (1961), p. 38.</ref> In 387, Armenia was partitioned between the ] and ] empires and Gugark, with the exception of the canton of ], was annexed to ]. most probably, because of the majority of the region being Gugars, who were an ] tribe. The ruler of the region around 425 was Archoucha (Arshusha of Gogarene). In 652, the Armenian prince ] was allowed by the ] to unite Gugark with his realms. In ancient ] inscriptions dating to 785 BC, the territory of Gugark is referred to as Zabaha, which is known today as ] (Javakhk in Armenian).<ref>{{Cite book|last=Melkonyan|first=A. A.|title=Javakhk in the 19th Century and the 1st Quarter of the 20th Century: A Historical Research|date=2007|publisher=National Academy of Sciences of Armenia, Institute of History|isbn=978-99941-73-07-5|location=Erevan|oclc=607636080}}</ref> In the beginning of IV century BC, (302BC) the territory was under ], but during ]'s reign it was conquered.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Geography of Strabo, Book XI, Chapter 14, P325.|url=https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Strabo/11N*.html}}</ref> During the reign of the ] and ] kings of Armenia, Gugark was ruled by one of the kingdom's four '']''. The ''bdeashkh'' of Gugark was responsible for protecting the state's northern border. During the 4th century, the region was ruled by members of a ] of the ].<ref>{{cite journal|last=Toumanoff|first=Cyril|author-link=Cyril Toumanoff|title=Introduction to Christian Caucasian History, II: States and Dynasties of the Formative Period|journal=Traditio|volume=17|date=1961|page=38}}</ref> In 387, Armenia was partitioned between the ] and ] empires and Gugark, with the exception of the canton of ], was annexed to ]. The ruler of the region around 425 was Arshusha. In 652, the Armenian prince ] was allowed by the ] to unite Gugark with his realms.
] ]
In the following centuries, Gugark and its cantons fell under the sway of several rulers. In the 8th century, it became a part of ]. In the middle of the 9th century, it was taken by the Georgian ], while the Armenian ] took over its eastern cantons.<ref name=":0" /> In the following centuries, Gugark and its cantons fell under the sway of several rulers. In the 8th century, it became a part of ]. In the middle of the 9th century, it was taken by the Georgian ], while the Armenian ] took over its eastern cantons.<ref name=":0" />


== Inhabitants == == Inhabitants ==
Armenian ] ] says in his books that the majority of this region was Armenian people with minority of Iberian people. Also an Armenian historian ] mentions Arshusha V ] of Iberians. Armenian ] and historian ] says in his history that the majority of this region was Armenian people with minority of Iberian people. Also an Armenian historian ] mentions Arshusha V, '']'' of the Iberians.


== Cantons == == Cantons ==
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* Ashotsk * Ashotsk


== List of ''bdeshkhs'' == == List of ''bdeashkhs'' ==
Based on available sources, ] deduced an incomplete list of the ruling Mihranid ''bdeshkhs'' of Gugark.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Rapp|first1=Stephen H.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=T8VIBQAAQBAJ&q=rapp+inscription+kartir|title=The Sasanian World through Georgian Eyes: Caucasia and the Iranian Commonwealth in Late Antique Georgian Literature|date=2014|publisher=Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.|isbn=978-1472425522|pages=389}}</ref> Based on available sources, ] deduced an incomplete list of the ruling Mihranid ''bdeashkhs'' of Gugark.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Rapp|first1=Stephen H.|author-link=Stephen H. Rapp Jr|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=T8VIBQAAQBAJ&q=rapp+inscription+kartir|title=The Sasanian World through Georgian Eyes: Caucasia and the Iranian Commonwealth in Late Antique Georgian Literature|date=2014|publisher=Ashgate Publishing|isbn=978-1472425522|pages=389}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable" {| class="wikitable"
!Name !Name

Latest revision as of 10:29, 25 October 2024

Historical province of Greater Armenia For the village, see Gugark, Armenia.
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Գուգարք
Province of the ancient kingdom of Armenia
189 BC–13th century

CapitalArdahan
History 
• Artaxias I declaring himself independent 189 BC
• Disestablished 13th century
Today part of Armenia
 Turkey
 Georgia (country)

Gugark (Armenian: Գուգարք, Latin: Gogarene, Ancient Greek: Γογαρινή) was the 13th province of the ancient kingdom of Armenia. It now comprises parts of northern Armenia, northeast Turkey, and southwest Georgia.

Etymology

Etymologically, Gugark in Armenian language denotes land of Gugars. word "Gugar" being a root and suffix -k meaning "land of".

History

In ancient Urartian inscriptions dating to 785 BC, the territory of Gugark is referred to as Zabaha, which is known today as Javakheti (Javakhk in Armenian). In the beginning of IV century BC, (302BC) the territory was under Caucasian Iberia, but during Artaxias I's reign it was conquered. During the reign of the Artaxiad and Arshakuni kings of Armenia, Gugark was ruled by one of the kingdom's four bdeashkhs. The bdeashkh of Gugark was responsible for protecting the state's northern border. During the 4th century, the region was ruled by members of a branch of the House of Mihran. In 387, Armenia was partitioned between the Byzantine and Sassanid empires and Gugark, with the exception of the canton of Tashir, was annexed to Caucasian Iberia. The ruler of the region around 425 was Arshusha. In 652, the Armenian prince Theodore Rshtuni was allowed by the Arabs to unite Gugark with his realms.

In the following centuries, Gugark and its cantons fell under the sway of several rulers. In the 8th century, it became a part of Emirate of Tbilisi. In the middle of the 9th century, it was taken by the Georgian Bagrationis, while the Armenian Bagratunis took over its eastern cantons.

Inhabitants

Armenian catholicos and historian Hovhannes Draskhanakerttsi says in his history that the majority of this region was Armenian people with minority of Iberian people. Also an Armenian historian Ghazar Parpetsi mentions Arshusha V, bdeashkh of the Iberians.

Cantons

  • Dzoropor
  • Tsobopor
  • Treghk
  • Artahan
  • Javakhk
  • Upper Javakhk
  • Tashir
  • Kangark
  • Kagharjk
  • Nigal
  • Mrugh
  • Mrit
  • Shavshet
  • Koghbopor
  • Kvishapor
  • Boghnopor
  • Tashran
  • Manglyats
  • Ashotsk

List of bdeashkhs

Based on available sources, Cyril Toumanoff deduced an incomplete list of the ruling Mihranid bdeashkhs of Gugark.

Name Reign
Peroz 330–361?
Bakur I after 394–430
Arshusha I after 430–?
Bakur II mid 5th-century
Arshusha II ?–470
Varsken 470–482
Arshusha III 482–after 540/1
Arshusha IV ca. first decade of the 7th-century
Vahram-Arshusha V late 620s
Arshusha VI mid 8th-century

See also

References

  1. ^ "Գուգարք". Armenian Soviet Encyclopedia. Vol. 3. Yerevan. 1975. pp. 240–241.{{cite encyclopedia}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  2. Melkonyan, A. A. (2007). Javakhk in the 19th Century and the 1st Quarter of the 20th Century: A Historical Research. Erevan: National Academy of Sciences of Armenia, Institute of History. ISBN 978-99941-73-07-5. OCLC 607636080.
  3. "Geography of Strabo, Book XI, Chapter 14, P325".
  4. Toumanoff, Cyril (1961). "Introduction to Christian Caucasian History, II: States and Dynasties of the Formative Period". Traditio. 17: 38.
  5. Rapp, Stephen H. (2014). The Sasanian World through Georgian Eyes: Caucasia and the Iranian Commonwealth in Late Antique Georgian Literature. Ashgate Publishing. p. 389. ISBN 978-1472425522.

External links

Historical states and regions of Armenia
Independent Armenian
states		 Armenian Empire under Tigranes the Great
Minor or dependent
Armenian states
Provinces or Ashkhars
of Armenia Major
Other Armenian regions
Other provinces under
Tigranes the Great

41°04′00″N 44°26′00″E / 41.0667°N 44.4333°E / 41.0667; 44.4333

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