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'''Abū al-Ḥasan ʿAlī ibn Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad ash-Shaybānī''', better known as '''ʿAlī ʿIzz ad-] Ibn al-Athīr al-Jazarī''' ({{lang-ar|علي عز الدین بن الاثیر الجزري}}; 1160–1233) was an ] expert, ], and ] who wrote in ] and was from the ] family.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Andersson |first1=Tobias |authorlink= |title=Early Sunnī Historiography A Study of the Tārīkh of Khalīfa B. Khayyāṭ | publisher=]| date=16 October 2018 |isbn=9789004383173 |page=62}}</ref> At the age of twenty-one he settled with his father in Mosul to continue his studies, where he devoted himself to the study of history and Islamic tradition. |
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'''Abū al-Ḥasan ʿAlī ibn Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad ash-Shaybānī''', better known as '''ʿAlī ʿIzz ad-] Ibn al-Athīr al-Jazarī''' ({{langx|ar|علي عز الدین بن الاثیر الجزري}}; 1160–1233) was a ] expert, ], and ] who wrote in ] and was from the ] family.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Andersson |first1=Tobias |authorlink= |title=Early Sunnī Historiography A Study of the Tārīkh of Khalīfa B. Khayyāṭ | publisher=]| date=16 October 2018 |isbn=9789004383173 |page=62}}</ref> At the age of twenty-one he settled with his father in Mosul to continue his studies, where he devoted himself to the study of history and Islamic tradition. |
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== Biography == |
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== Biography == |
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Ibn al-Athir belonged to the Shayban lineage<ref>Kamaruzaman, A.F., Jamaludin, N., Fadzil, A.F.M., 2015. . Asian Social Science 11(23).</ref> of the large and influential ] tribe ],<ref>Kazhdan, Alexander P. 1991. The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium. .</ref><ref>Donner, Fred McGraw. “The Bakr B. Wā'il Tribes and Politics in Northeastern Arabia on the Eve of Islam.” Studia Islamica, no. 51, 1980, pp. 5–38. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/1595370.</ref> who lived across upper ], and gave their name to the city of ].<ref>Trudy Ring, Noelle Watson, Paul Schellinger. 1995. International Dictionary of Historic Places. Vol. 3 Southern Europe. Routledge. P 190.</ref><ref>Canard, M., Cahen, Cl., Yinanç, Mükrimin H., and Sourdel-Thomine, J. ‘’. Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. Ed. P. Bearman et al. Brill Reference Online. Web. 16 Nov. 2019. Accessed on 16 November 2019.</ref><ref>a. ''Historiography of the Ayyubid and Mamluk epochs'', Donald P. Little, '''The Cambridge History of Egypt''', Vol.1, ed. M. W. Daly, Carl F. Petry, (Cambridge University Press, 1998), 415.<br/>b. ''Ibn al-Athir'', '''The A to Z of Islam''', ed. Ludwig W. Adamec, (Scarecrow Press, 2009), 135.<br/>c. Peter Partner, ''God of Battles: Holy wars of Christianity and Islam'', (Princeton University Press, 1997), 96.<br/>d. ''Venice and the Turks'', Jean-Claude Hocquet, '''Venice and the Islamic world: 828–1797''', edited by Stefano Carboni, (Editions Gallimard, 2006), 35 n17.<br/>e. Marc Ferro, ''Colonization: A Global History'', (Routledge, 1997), 6.<br/>f. Martin Sicker, ''The Islamic World in Ascendancy: From the Arab Conquests to the Siege of Vienna'', (Praeger Publishers, 2000), 69.</ref> He is also described to have been of ] origin.<ref>1. Philip G. Kreyenbroek , Oral Literature of Iranian Languages <br/> |
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Ibn al-Athir belonged to the Shayban lineage<ref>Kamaruzaman, A.F., Jamaludin, N., Fadzil, A.F.M., 2015. . Asian Social Science 11(23).</ref> of the large and influential ] tribe ],<ref>{{cite journal | url=https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/oi/authority.20111003122307511 | title=Ibn al-Athīr }}</ref><ref>Donner, Fred McGraw. “The Bakr B. Wā'il Tribes and Politics in Northeastern Arabia on the Eve of Islam.” Studia Islamica, no. 51, 1980, pp. 5–38. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/1595370.</ref> who lived across upper ], and gave their name to the city of ].<ref>Trudy Ring, Noelle Watson, Paul Schellinger. 1995. International Dictionary of Historic Places. Vol. 3 Southern Europe. Routledge. P 190.</ref><ref>Canard, M., Cahen, Cl., Yinanç, Mükrimin H., and Sourdel-Thomine, J. ‘’. Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. Ed. P. Bearman et al. Brill Reference Online. Web. 16 Nov. 2019. Accessed on 16 November 2019.</ref><ref>a. ''Historiography of the Ayyubid and Mamluk epochs'', Donald P. Little, '''The Cambridge History of Egypt''', Vol.1, ed. M. W. Daly, Carl F. Petry, (Cambridge University Press, 1998), 415.<br/>b. ''Ibn al-Athir'', '''The A to Z of Islam''', ed. Ludwig W. Adamec, (Scarecrow Press, 2009), 135.<br/>c. Peter Partner, ''God of Battles: Holy wars of Christianity and Islam'', (Princeton University Press, 1997), 96.<br/>d. ''Venice and the Turks'', Jean-Claude Hocquet, '''Venice and the Islamic world: 828–1797''', edited by Stefano Carboni, (Editions Gallimard, 2006), 35 n17.<br/>e. Marc Ferro, ''Colonization: A Global History'', (Routledge, 1997), 6.<br/>f. Martin Sicker, ''The Islamic World in Ascendancy: From the Arab Conquests to the Siege of Vienna'', (Praeger Publishers, 2000), 69.</ref> He is also described to have been of ] origin.<ref>1. Philip G. Kreyenbroek , Oral Literature of Iranian Languages <br/> |
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2. Yasir Suleiman, "Language and identity in the Middle East and North Africa", Curzon Press, 1996, {{ISBN|0700704108}}, ''Ibn al-Athir, (d.1233), a Kurdish historian and biographer...''</ref> |
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2. Yasir Suleiman, "Language and identity in the Middle East and North Africa", Curzon Press, 1996, {{ISBN|0700704108}}, ''Ibn al-Athir, (d.1233), a Kurdish historian and biographer...''</ref> |
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He was the brother of ] and Diyā' ad-Dīn Ibn Athir. Al-Athir lived a scholarly life in ], often visited ] and for a time traveled with ]'s army in ]. He later lived in ] and ]. His chief work was a history of the world, ''al-Kamil fi at-Tarikh'' ('']''). He died in the city of Mosul. |
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He was the brother of ] and Diyā' ad-Dīn Ibn Athir. Al-Athir lived a scholarly life in ], often visited ] and for a time traveled with ]'s army in ]. He later lived in ] and ]. His chief work was a history of the world, ''al-Kamil fi at-Tarikh'' ('']''). |
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== Modern age == |
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== Death == |
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{{Main|Tomb of the Girl}} |
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According to Reuters, his tomb was ] in Mosul by members of the ] offshoot the ] (ISIL) in June 2014.<ref>Isra' al-Rubei'i. "Iraqi forces ready push after Obama offers advisers." ''Reuters'', June 20, 2014.</ref> |
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Ibn al-Athir died in 1232/1233, and was buried in a cemetery in Mosul, at the district of Bab Sinjar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=عز الدين بن الاثير وقبر البنت |url=https://omferas.com/vb/t38540/ |access-date=2023-11-21 |website=omferas.com}}</ref> His tomb was built in the 20th century and was located in the middle of a road, after the cemetery was cleared for modernization.<ref>{{Cite web |title=عز الدين بن الاثير وقبر البنت |url=https://omferas.com/vb/t38540/ |access-date=2023-11-21 |website=omferas.com}}</ref> It became a site of an erroneous legend, which identified it as a tomb of a female mystic.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-11-21 |title=قبر البنت في باب سنجارفي الموصل |url=https://baretly.net/index.php?PHPSESSID=9bdba34bed758e31a2b338760d263317&topic=30569.0 |access-date=2023-11-21 |website=منتديات برطلي |language=en-US}}</ref> However, the government later installed a marble ] to indicate that it was Ibn al-Athir's tomb.<ref>{{Cite web |title=الموصل بعد 150 عاماً ! |url=https://almadapaper.net//view.php?cat=109633 |access-date=2023-11-21 |website=almadapaper.net| date=20 July 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=عز الدين بن الاثير وقبر البنت |url=https://omferas.com/vb/t38540/ |access-date=2023-11-21 |website=omferas.com}}</ref> His tomb was also regarded in local ] folklore as being the grave of a girl who married the ] but died of poisoning.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-11-21 |title=قبر البنت في باب سنجارفي الموصل |url=https://baretly.net/index.php?PHPSESSID=5f7b6b63bae02eaeac8b7830d9483e69&topic=30569.0 |access-date=2023-11-21 |website=منتديات برطلي |language=en-US}}</ref> |
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The tomb of Ibn al-Athir was bulldozed by members of the ] (ISIL) in June 2014.<ref>Isra' al-Rubei'i. "Iraqi forces ready push after Obama offers advisers." ''Reuters'', June 20, 2014.</ref> |
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== Works == |
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== Works == |
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* '']'' (الكامل في التاريخ): "]"; 11 volumes<ref></ref> |
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* '']'' (الكامل في التاريخ): "]"; 11 volumes<ref></ref> |
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* '']'': "The Lions of the Forest and the knowledge about the Companions" |
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* '']'': "The Lions of the Forest and the knowledge about the Companions" |
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* ''Jami' al-Usul fi Ahadeth ar-Rasul'', a massive collection of Hadith (14 large volumes).<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.sifatusafwa.com/en/classical-collections-of-hadeeth/jami-al-usul-fi-ahadeth-ar-rasul-ibn-athir-tahqiq-al-arnaout.html|title=JAMI' AL-USUL FI AHADETH AR-RASUL - IBN ATHIR (TAHQIQ AL-ARNAOUT)|website=sifatusafwa.com}}</ref> |
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* ''Jami' al-Usul fi |
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* '' n-Nihayatu fi Gharib al-Hadith wa al-Athar'', a classical work on Gharib branch of Hadith terminology where ] said: "This is the best books of rare terms (ghareeb), the most complete, best known and most widely used."<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.sifatusafwa.com/en/hadith-collections-explanations/an-nihaayatu-fi-ghareebi-al-hadeeth-wa-al-athar-ibn-atheer.html#/33-edition-edition_1|title=AN-NIHAYATU FI GHARIB AL-HADITH WA AL-ATHAR - IBN ATHIR|website=sifatusafwa.com}}</ref> |
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* ''Al-Qawl al-Jamil fi 'Ilm al-Jarh wa at-Ta'dil'' |
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* ''Al-Tārīkh al-bāhir fī al-Dawlah al-Atābakīyah bi-al-Mawṣil'' |
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* ''Al-Lubāb fī tahdhīb al-ansāb'' |
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* ''Al-Lubāb fī tahdhīb al-ansāb'' |
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== External links == |
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== External links == |
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{{wikiquote}} |
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{{wikisourcelang|ar|مؤلف:ابن الأثير|Ibn al-Athir}} |
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{{wikisourcelang|ar|مؤلف:ابن الأثير|Ibn al-Athir}} |
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* by William E. Watson from Canadian/American Slavic Studies |
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* by William E. Watson from Canadian/American Slavic Studies |
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Ibn al-Athir died in 1232/1233, and was buried in a cemetery in Mosul, at the district of Bab Sinjar. His tomb was built in the 20th century and was located in the middle of a road, after the cemetery was cleared for modernization. It became a site of an erroneous legend, which identified it as a tomb of a female mystic. However, the government later installed a marble stele to indicate that it was Ibn al-Athir's tomb. His tomb was also regarded in local Yazidi folklore as being the grave of a girl who married the Emir of Mosul but died of poisoning.
