Simorgh (rocket): Difference between revisions

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Revision as of 11:06, 28 January 2024 edit2.189.167.18 (talk) →Development phase (2016-present)← Previous edit		Latest revision as of 14:19, 18 December 2024 edit undoTrasheater Midir (talk \| contribs)Extended confirmed users3,671 edits Gunter says "alleged Shahab-5 IRBM". So we can't call them Shahab-5 engines in "wikivoice".
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	{{Infobox rocket		{{Infobox rocket
	\| name = Simorgh		\| name = Simorgh
	\| image = سیمرغ - افتتاح پایگاه ملی فضایی امام خمینی(ره) (4).jpg		\| image = سیمرغ - افتتاح پایگاه ملی فضایی امام خمینی(ره) (2).jpg
	\| caption = The Simorgh ~~space~~ launch vehicle.		\| caption = The Simorgh satellite launch vehicle launching on its first orbital test flight on 27 July 2017.

	\| country-origin = {{IRN}}		\| country-origin = {{IRN}}
	\| height = {{cvt\|26.5\|m}}		\| height = {{cvt\|25.9\|m}}
	\| diameter = {{cvt\|2.4\|m}} first stage, {{cvt\|1.5\|m}} second stage		\| diameter = {{cvt\|2.4\|m}} first stage, {{cvt\|1.5\|m}} second stage
	\| mass = {{cvt\|87\|tonnes\|lb}}		\| mass = {{cvt\|87\|tonnes\|lb}}
	\| stages = 2		\| stages = 2 (optional 3rd stage)

	\| capacities = {{Infobox rocket/Payload		\| capacities = {{Infobox rocket/Payload
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	{{Infobox rocket/Payload		{{Infobox rocket/Payload
	\| location = ] 500 km		\| location = ] 500 km
			\| mass = {{cvt\|250\|kg}}<ref>{{Cite web \|date=2017-07-28 \|title=Iran launches Simorgh satellite carrier from Imam Khomeini Space Center \|url=https://en.mehrnews.com/news/126769/Iran-launches-Simorgh-satellite-carrier-from-Imam-Khomeini-Space \|access-date=2024-01-28 \|website=Mehr News Agency \|language=en}}</ref>
⚫	\| mass = {{cvt\|~~150~~\|kg}}
			}}

			{{Infobox rocket/Payload
			\| location = ] 500 km (with Saman-1)
		⚫	\| mass = {{cvt\|400\|kg}}
	}}		}}

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	\| function = ]		\| function = ]
	\| sites = ]		\| sites = ]
	\| status = ~~Under development~~		\| status = Active
	\| first = 19 April 2016 (suborbital)<br/>27 July 2017 (orbital)		\| first = 19 April 2016 (suborbital)<br/>27 July 2017 (orbital)
	\| last =		\| last = 6 December 2024 (orbital)
	\| launches = 4 or 5 (+1 suborbital)		\| launches = 7 or 8 (1 suborbital)
	\| success = 0 (+1 suborbital)		\| success = 3 (1 suborbital)
	\| fail = 4 or 5		\| fail = 3 or 4
	\| partial =		\| partial =

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	\|type = stage		\|type = stage
	\|stageno = First		\|stageno = First
	\|engines = 4 × modified ] engines + 4 verniers		\|engines = 4 × modified ] engines<ref>{{Cite web \|title=Simorgh (Safir-2) \|url=https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/simorgh.htm \|access-date=2024-01-28 \|website=Gunter's Space Page \|language=en}}</ref> + 4 verniers
	\|thrust = {{cvt\|1590\|kN}}		\|thrust = {{cvt\|1590\|kN}}
	\|burntime = 120 seconds		\|burntime = 120 seconds
	\|SI =		\|SI =
	\|fuel = ] / ]		\|fuel = ] / ]
	\|length =		\|length = 17.8 m
	\|diameter =		\|diameter = 2.4 m
	}}		}}
	{{Infobox Rocket/Stage		{{Infobox Rocket/Stage
	\|type = stage		\|type = stage
	\|stageno = Second		\|stageno = Second
	\|engines = 4 × ]		\|engines = 4 × LRE-4 (] vernier engines)
	\|thrust = {{cvt\|71.6\|kN}}		\|thrust = {{cvt\|71.6\|kN}}
	\|SI =		\|SI =
	\|burntime = 320 seconds		\|burntime = 320 seconds
	\|fuel = ] / ]		\|fuel = ] / ]
	\|length =		\|length =
	\|diameter =		\|diameter = 1.5 m
	}}		}}
	{{Infobox Rocket/Stage		{{Infobox Rocket/Stage
	\|type = stage		\|type = stage
	\|stageno = Third		\|stageno = Third
	\|~~engines~~ = ~~Salman-1~~		\|diff = Optional
			\|engines = ]
	\|thrust = {{cvt\|13\|kN}}		\|thrust = {{cvt\|13\|kN}}
	\|SI =		\|SI =
Line 67:		Line 73:
	\|diameter =		\|diameter =
	}}		}}
	}}'''Simorgh''' ({{~~lang-~~fa\|ماهواره‌بر سیمرغ}}, '']''), also called '''Safir-2''', is an Iranian ] under development.<ref name="spaceflightnow.com">{{Cite web\|title=Iran fails in satellite launch attempt – Spaceflight Now\|url=https://spaceflightnow.com/2020/02/10/iran-fails-in-satellite-launch-attempt/}}</ref><ref>{{cite news\|date=2010-02-03\|title=Iran brags it launched rocket into space... with mouse, turtles & worms\|work=New York Daily News\|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/news/world/2010/02/03/2010-02-03_iran_brags_it_launched_rocket_into_space_with_mouse_turtles__worms.html\|access-date=2010-02-03}}</ref> It is the successor of the ], Iran's first space launch vehicle.<ref>{{Cite web\|date=2020-01-28\|title="سفیر" رسما بازنشسته شد تا "سیمرغ" مهیای سفر فضایی شود/ طلسم استفاده ماهواره‌بر ایرانی از سوخت جامد با سریر و سروش می‌شکند؟ +عکس\|url=https://www.mashreghnews.ir/news/1036082/سفیر-رسما-بازنشسته-شد-تا-سیمرغ-مهیای-سفر-فضایی-شود-طلسم\|access-date=2021-12-30\|website=مشرق نیوز\|language=fa}}</ref> Its mission is to carry heavier satellites into higher orbit than Safir.<ref name=":7" />		}}'''Simorgh''' ({{langx\|fa\|ماهواره‌بر سیمرغ}}, '']''), also called '''Safir-2''', is an Iranian ] under development.<ref name="spaceflightnow.com">{{Cite web\|title=Iran fails in satellite launch attempt – Spaceflight Now\|url=https://spaceflightnow.com/2020/02/10/iran-fails-in-satellite-launch-attempt/}}</ref><ref>{{cite news\|date=2010-02-03\|title=Iran brags it launched rocket into space... with mouse, turtles & worms\|work=New York Daily News\|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/news/world/2010/02/03/2010-02-03_iran_brags_it_launched_rocket_into_space_with_mouse_turtles__worms.html\|access-date=2010-02-03}}</ref> It is the successor of the ], Iran's first space launch vehicle.<ref>{{Cite web\|date=2020-01-28\|title="سفیر" رسما بازنشسته شد تا "سیمرغ" مهیای سفر فضایی شود/ طلسم استفاده ماهواره‌بر ایرانی از سوخت جامد با سریر و سروش می‌شکند؟ +عکس\|url=https://www.mashreghnews.ir/news/1036082/سفیر-رسما-بازنشسته-شد-تا-سیمرغ-مهیای-سفر-فضایی-شود-طلسم\|access-date=2021-12-30\|website=مشرق نیوز\|language=fa}}</ref> Its mission is to carry heavier satellites into higher orbit than Safir.<ref name=":7">{{Cite web \|last=YJC \|first=خبرگزاری باشگاه خبرنگاران {{!}} آخرین اخبار ایران و جهان {{!}} \|date=2021-12-31 \|title=پرواز دوباره سیمرغ/ ماهواره‌بر سیمرغ چه ویژگی‌هایی دارد؟ \|url=http://www.yjc.news/fa/news/8015967 \|access-date=2022-03-27 \|website= \|language=fa}}</ref>

	The project was unveiled by ] ] on 3 February 2010, as part of celebrations of the first anniversary of the launch of ], the first indigenously launched Iranian satellite,<ref>{{cite news\|url=http://www1.voanews.com/english/news/middle-east/Iran-Announces-New-Rockets-Satellites-on-Space-Day-83430352.html\|title=Iran Announces New Rockets, Satellites on Space Day\|first=Elizabeth \|last=Arrott\|work=VOA News\|date=2010-02-03\|access-date=2010-02-03}}</ref> and was launched for the first time on 19 April 2016.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web \|date=24 April 2016 \|title=Simorgh First Launch - an Iranian Success or Failure? \|url=http://defense-update.com/20160424_simorgh.html}}</ref>		The project was unveiled by ] ] on 3 February 2010, as part of celebrations of the first anniversary of the launch of ], the first indigenously launched Iranian satellite,<ref>{{cite news\|url=http://www1.voanews.com/english/news/middle-east/Iran-Announces-New-Rockets-Satellites-on-Space-Day-83430352.html\|title=Iran Announces New Rockets, Satellites on Space Day\|first=Elizabeth \|last=Arrott\|work=VOA News\|date=2010-02-03\|access-date=2010-02-03}}</ref> and was launched for the first time on 19 April 2016.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web \|date=24 April 2016 \|title=Simorgh First Launch - an Iranian Success or Failure? \|url=http://defense-update.com/20160424_simorgh.html}}</ref>
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	== Reliability ==		== Reliability ==
	The development of the Simorgh has been marked with difficulties and unreliability of certain sub-systems due to the overcomplexity of its engines and ]s. Out of the system's first four launches (two ] and two ] launches) there have been three failures, giving the rocket a reliability rating of twenty five percent. There were however, indications of progressive improvements to the design and reliability of the system with each successive launch; with the 2017 launch operating for 120 seconds before failure, the 2019 launch operating 450 seconds before failure, and the 2020 launch operating correctly for 475 seconds out of the 490 seconds of operation required for a successful mission, giving the missions a 25, 92, ~~and~~ 97 percent success rate respectively, indicating a trend of increasing reliability in the design.<ref name=":3" /><ref>{{Cite web\|last=Egozi\|first=Arie\|date=2020-06-29\|title=New Iranian Missile Could Strike Central Europe: Analysis\|url=https://breakingdefense.com/2020/06/new-iranian-missile-could-strike-central-europe-analysis/\|access-date=2021-06-26\|website=Breaking Defense\|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web\|last=Berger\|first=Eric\|date=2021-06-25\|title=Rocket Report: China to copy SpaceX's Super Heavy? Vulcan slips to 2022\|url=https://arstechnica.com/science/2021/06/rocket-report-china-to-copy-spacexs-super-heavy-vulcan-slips-to-2022/\|access-date=2021-06-27\|website=Ars Technica\|language=en-us}}</ref>		The development of the Simorgh has been marked with difficulties and unreliability of certain sub-systems due to the overcomplexity of its engines and ]s. Out of the system's first four launches (two ] and two ] launches) there have been three failures, giving the rocket a reliability rating of twenty five percent. There were however, indications of progressive improvements to the design and reliability of the system with each successive launch; with the 2017 launch operating for 120 seconds before failure, the 2019 launch operating 450 seconds before failure, and the 2020 launch operating correctly for 475 seconds out of the 490 seconds of operation required for a successful mission, giving the missions a 25, 92, 97, percent success rate respectively, indicating a trend of increasing reliability in the design.<ref name=":3" /><ref>{{Cite web\|last=Egozi\|first=Arie\|date=2020-06-29\|title=New Iranian Missile Could Strike Central Europe: Analysis\|url=https://breakingdefense.com/2020/06/new-iranian-missile-could-strike-central-europe-analysis/\|access-date=2021-06-26\|website=Breaking Defense\|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web\|last=Berger\|first=Eric\|date=2021-06-25\|title=Rocket Report: China to copy SpaceX's Super Heavy? Vulcan slips to 2022\|url=https://arstechnica.com/science/2021/06/rocket-report-china-to-copy-spacexs-super-heavy-vulcan-slips-to-2022/\|access-date=2021-06-27\|website=Ars Technica\|language=en-us}}</ref>

			==Operations==
⚫	== Launch history ==
			The Simorgh rocket has had 7 official launch missions until December 2024, and with this statistic, it is among the 40 active satellite launchers with the highest number of launch operations in the world.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/Comparison_of_orbital_launch_systems</ref>

		⚫	== Launch history ==
	=== Development phase (2016-present) ===
	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"
	\|-		\|-
			! Satellite(s)
	! Flight No.
	! Date & Time (])		! Date & Time (])
			!Launch Site
	! Payload
			!Satellite Mass
	! Outcome		! Outcome
	!Type
	! Remarks		! Remarks

	\|-		\|-
		⚫	\| No payload
	\| 1
	\| 19 April 2016		\| 19 April 2016
			\|] ]
			\|N/A
			\| style="background: #9EFF9E; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-success" \| Success
		⚫	\|] test flight.<ref name=":2" />
		⚫	\|-
	\| No payload		\| No payload
	\| {{Success}}
⚫	\|] test flight<ref name=":2" />
	\|Launched without third stage.
⚫	\|-
	\| 2
	\| 27 July 2017		\| 27 July 2017
			\|] ]
⚫	\| No payload
			\|100 kg<ref>{{Cite web \|title=Toloo 1, 2 \|url=https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/toloo.htm \|access-date=2024-06-02 \|website=Gunter's Space Page \|language=en}}</ref>
	\| {{failure}}
			\| style="background: #FFC7C7; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-failure" \| Failure
	\|] test flight<ref name=":4" />
	\| Simorgh operated for 136 seconds.<ref name=":4" /> Second stage failed.<ref name="gunter-simorgh">{{cite web \|last=Krebs \|first=Gunter \|title=Simorgh (Safir-2) \|url=http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/simorgh.htm \|access-date=15 January 2019 \|work=Gunter's Space Page}}</ref>		\|] test flight.<ref name=":4" /> Simorgh operated for 136 seconds.<ref name=":4" /> Second stage failed.<ref name="gunter-simorgh">{{cite web \|last=Krebs \|first=Gunter \|title=Simorgh (Safir-2) \|url=http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/simorgh.htm \|access-date=15 January 2019 \|work=Gunter's Space Page}}</ref>

	\|-		\|-
		⚫	\| Payam (named "AUT-SAT" previously)<ref name=gunter-simorgh/>
	\| 3
	\| 15 January 2019		\| 15 January 2019
			\|] ]
⚫	\| Payam (named "AUT-SAT" previously)<ref name=gunter-simorgh/>
			\|90 kg<ref>{{Cite web \|title=Payam-e Amirkabir (AUTSAT 1, Amir-Kabir 1) \|url=https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/payam-e-amirkabir.htm \|access-date=2024-06-02 \|website=Gunter's Space Page \|language=en}}</ref>
	\| {{failure}}
			\| style="background: #FFC7C7; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-failure" \| Failure
	\|Orbital test flight<ref name=":4" />
	\| Simorgh operated for 455 seconds.<ref name=":4" /> Third stage failed.<ref name="cnn-20190115">{{cite news \|last1=Tawfeeq \|first1=Mohammed \|last2=Qiblawi \|first2=Tamara \|date=15 January 2019 \|title=Despite US warning, Iran launches satellite and fails ~~\|work=]~~ \|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2019/01/15/middleeast/iran-satellite-launch-intl/index.html \|access-date=15 January 2019}}</ref>		\|Orbital test flight.<ref name=":4" /> Simorgh operated for 455 seconds.<ref name=":4" /> Third stage failed.<ref name="cnn-20190115">{{cite news \|last1=Tawfeeq \|first1=Mohammed \|last2=Qiblawi \|first2=Tamara \|date=15 January 2019 \|title=Despite US warning, Iran launches satellite and fails \|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2019/01/15/middleeast/iran-satellite-launch-intl/index.html \|access-date=15 January 2019 \|work=]}}</ref>

	\|-		\|-
		⚫	\| Zafar-1<ref>https://spaceflightnow.com/2020/02/10/iran-fails-in-satellite-launch-attempt/ - 11 February 2020</ref>
	\| 4
	\| 9 February 2020, 15:45		\| 9 February 2020, 15:45
			\|] ]
⚫	\| Zafar-1<ref>https://spaceflightnow.com/2020/02/10/iran-fails-in-satellite-launch-attempt/ - 11 February 2020</ref>
			\|113 kg<ref>{{Cite web \|title=Zafar 1, 2 \|url=https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/zafar.htm \|access-date=2024-06-02 \|website=Gunter's Space Page \|language=en}}</ref>
	\| {{failure}}
			\| style="background: #FFC7C7; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-failure" \| Failure
	\|Orbital test flight<ref name=":6">{{Cite web \|date=2020-02-12 \|title=بیش از ۹۵ درصد از اهداف طراحی شده برای پرتاب ماهواره ظفر محقق شد \|url=https://www.mehrnews.com/news/4851687/بیش-از-۹۵-درصد-از-اهداف-طراحی-شده-برای-پرتاب-ماهواره-ظفر-محقق \|access-date=2022-03-16 \|website=خبرگزاری مهر {{!}} اخبار ایران و جهان {{!}} Mehr News Agency \|language=fa}}</ref>
	\| Simorgh operated for 475 seconds. Satellite reached speed of 6,500 m/s out of the 7,400 m/s required to orbit. First stage operated fully correctly.<ref name=":4" /><ref>{{Cite news \|title=Iranian Satellite Launched But Fails To Reach Earth's Orbit \|url=https://www.rferl.org/a/iran-says-satellite-launch-imminent-in-next-few-hours-/30424791.html \|access-date=2020-02-09 \|website=RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty \|language=en}}</ref> Second stage failed ~~in latests second of the flight~~.<ref name=":6" />		\|Orbital test flight.<ref name=":6">{{Cite web \|date=2020-02-12 \|title=بیش از ۹۵ درصد از اهداف طراحی شده برای پرتاب ماهواره ظفر محقق شد \|url=https://www.mehrnews.com/news/4851687/بیش-از-۹۵-درصد-از-اهداف-طراحی-شده-برای-پرتاب-ماهواره-ظفر-محقق \|access-date=2022-03-16 \|website=خبرگزاری مهر {{!}} اخبار ایران و جهان {{!}} Mehr News Agency \|language=fa}}</ref> Simorgh operated for 475 seconds. Satellite reached speed of 6,500 m/s out of the 7,400 m/s required to orbit. First stage operated fully correctly.<ref name=":4" /><ref>{{Cite news \|title=Iranian Satellite Launched But Fails To Reach Earth's Orbit \|url=https://www.rferl.org/a/iran-says-satellite-launch-imminent-in-next-few-hours-/30424791.html \|access-date=2020-02-09 \|website=RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty \|language=en}}</ref> Second stage failed.<ref name=":6" />

	\|-		\|-
	\| {{dunno\|5?}}
⚫	\| 12 June 2021
	\| Unknown		\| Unknown
		⚫	\| 12 June 2021
	\| {{unknown\|Disputed launch existence}}
			\|] ]
	\|		\|
			\| style="background: #EEE; vertical-align: middle; white-space: nowrap; text-align: center; " class="table-Unknown" \| Disputed launch existence
	\| U.S. official stated "is aware of an Iranian rocket launch failure". Satellite imagery "looked like a launch" occurred. ] denied any launch.<ref>{{Cite web\|date=2021-06-23\|title=Iran likely had failed rocket launch, preparing for another\|url=https://apnews.com/article/donald-trump-united-nations-iran-middle-east-business-f9ab572d6eab6bccd93c0c8796fd2702\|access-date=2021-12-30\|website=AP NEWS\|language=en}}</ref>		\|U.S. official stated "is aware of an Iranian rocket launch failure". Satellite imagery "looked like a launch" occurred. ] denied any launch.<ref>{{Cite web \|date=2021-06-23 \|title=Iran likely had failed rocket launch, preparing for another \|url=https://apnews.com/article/donald-trump-united-nations-iran-middle-east-business-f9ab572d6eab6bccd93c0c8796fd2702 \|access-date=2021-12-30 \|website=AP NEWS \|language=en}}</ref>
	\|-		\|-
	\| 6
⚫	\| 30 December 2021
	\| Three research devices<ref name=":5">{{Cite web \|title=Iran launches rocket into space as nuclear talks continue \|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/12/30/iran-announces-new-space-launch-amid-nuclear-talks-in-vienna \|access-date=2021-12-30 \|website=www.aljazeera.com \|language=en}}</ref>		\| Three research devices<ref name=":5">{{Cite web \|title=Iran launches rocket into space as nuclear talks continue \|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/12/30/iran-announces-new-space-launch-amid-nuclear-talks-in-vienna \|access-date=2021-12-30 \|website=www.aljazeera.com \|language=en}}</ref>
		⚫	\| 30 December 2021
	\| {{failure}}
			\|] ]
	\|Orbital test flight<ref name=":7">{{Cite web \|last=YJC \|first=خبرگزاری باشگاه خبرنگاران {{!}} آخرین اخبار ایران و جهان {{!}} \|date=2021-12-31 \|title=پرواز دوباره سیمرغ/ ماهواره‌بر سیمرغ چه ویژگی‌هایی دارد؟ \|url=http://www.yjc.news/fa/news/8015967 \|access-date=2022-03-27 \|website= \|language=fa}}</ref>
			\|TBA
⚫	\| First time Iran launched multiple payloads in the same launch.<ref name=":7" />
			\| style="background: #FFC7C7; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-failure" \| Failure
⚫	Simorgh operated for about 600 seconds (500 seconds for the second stage). Devices didn't enter orbit; reached an altitude of 470 km and a speed of 7,350 m/s, out of the 7,600 m/s required.<ref>{{Cite web\|date=2021-12-30\|title="Simorgh" satellite carrier successfully launched into space\|url=https://en.mehrnews.com/news/182354/Simorgh-satellite-carrier-successfully-launched-into-space\|access-date=2021-12-30\|website=Mehr News Agency\|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Citation \|title=مستند پرواز سیمرغ \|date=2022-01-02 \|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rhBOrs7-fSY ~~\|trans-title=The flight of the Simorgh documentary \|language=fa~~ \|access-date=2022-03-16}}</ref>
		⚫	\|Orbital test flight.<ref name=":7" />First time Iran launched multiple payloads in the same launch.<ref name=":7" />
		⚫	Simorgh operated for about 600 seconds (500 seconds for the second stage). Devices didn't enter orbit; reached an altitude of 470 km and a speed of 7,350 m/s, out of the 7,600 m/s required.<ref>{{Cite web \|date=2021-12-30 \|title="Simorgh" satellite carrier successfully launched into space \|url=https://en.mehrnews.com/news/182354/Simorgh-satellite-carrier-successfully-launched-into-space \|access-date=2021-12-30 \|website=Mehr News Agency \|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Citation \|title=مستند پرواز سیمرغ \|date=2022-01-02 \|trans-title=The flight of the Simorgh documentary \|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rhBOrs7-fSY \|access-date=2022-03-16 \|language=fa}}</ref>
	\|-		\|-
⚫	\|7
⚫	\|28 January 2024
	\|Mahda, Keyhan-2 and Hatef-1		\|Mahda, Keyhan-2 and Hatef-1
		⚫	\|28 January 2024
	\| {{Success}}
			\|] ]
	\|Orbital flight
			\|TBA
⚫	\|First successful orbital launch of Simorgh, placed three satellites into a 1100 x 450 km orbit. The launch ~~was~~ just 8 days after the first successful orbital launch of Qaem 100.
			\| style="background: #9EFF9E; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-success" \| Success
		⚫	\|First successful orbital launch of Simorgh, placed three satellites into a 1100 x 450 km orbit. The launch occurred just 8 days after the first successful orbital launch of ].
		⚫	\|-
			\|], Fakhr-1 and one other research satellite
			\|6 December 2024
			\|] ]
			\|300 kg
			\| style="background: #9EFF9E; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-success" \| Success
			\|The launch of the ] orbital transfer block to an altitude of 400 kilometers, along with two other payloads (including the Fakhr-1 satellite), with a total weight of 300 kilograms, breaking weight record.<ref>{{Cite web \|date=2024-12-06 \|title=ماهواره‌بر سیمرغ رکورد بزرگترین و سنگین‌ترین تزریق محموله فضایی در مدار را شکست \|url=https://www.isna.ir/news/1403091611164/ \|access-date=2024-12-06 \|website=ایسنا \|language=fa}}</ref>
	\|}		\|}

Latest revision as of 14:19, 18 December 2024

Iranian expendable launch vehicle

Simorgh
Size
The Simorgh satellite launch vehicle launching on its first orbital test flight on 27 July 2017.
Function	Small-lift space launch vehicle
Country of origin	Iran
Height	25.9 m (85 ft)
Diameter	2.4 m (7 ft 10 in) first stage, 1.5 m (4 ft 11 in) second stage
Mass	87 t (192,000 lb)
Stages	2 (optional 3rd stage)
Capacity
Payload to LEO 200 km
Mass	800 kg (1,800 lb)
Payload to LEO 500 km
Mass	250 kg (550 lb)
Payload to LEO 500 km (with Saman-1)
Mass	400 kg (880 lb)

Associated rockets
Family	Derived from Safir
Launch history
Status	Active
Launch sites	Imam Khomeini Space Launch Terminal
Total launches	7 or 8 (1 suborbital)
Success(es)	3 (1 suborbital)
Failure(s)	3 or 4
First flight	19 April 2016 (suborbital) 27 July 2017 (orbital)
Last flight	6 December 2024 (orbital)

First stage
Height	17.8 m
Diameter	2.4 m
Powered by	4 × modified Shahab-3 engines + 4 verniers
Maximum thrust	1,590 kN (360,000 lb_f)
Burn time	120 seconds
Propellant	N₂O₄ / UDMH
Second stage
Diameter	1.5 m
Powered by	4 × LRE-4 (R-27 Zyb vernier engines)
Maximum thrust	71.6 kN (16,100 lb_f)
Burn time	320 seconds
Propellant	N₂O₄ / UDMH
Third stage (Optional)
Powered by	Saman-1
Maximum thrust	13 kN (2,900 lb_f)
Burn time	40 seconds
Propellant	Solid

[edit on Wikidata]

Simorgh (Persian: ماهواره‌بر سیمرغ, Simurgh), also called Safir-2, is an Iranian expendable launch vehicle under development. It is the successor of the Safir, Iran's first space launch vehicle. Its mission is to carry heavier satellites into higher orbit than Safir.

The project was unveiled by Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad on 3 February 2010, as part of celebrations of the first anniversary of the launch of Omid, the first indigenously launched Iranian satellite, and was launched for the first time on 19 April 2016.

Design

Simorgh is a two-stage liquid-fueled rocket developed from the Safir rocket. It is able to place a 250 kg (550 lb) payload into a circular 500 km (310 mi) low Earth orbit (LEO). It is also the first Iranian rocket that can place multiple payloads into orbit (e.g., one main payload and several secondary cubesats). In comparison, the Safir was only able to place a 50 kg payload into a 250x375 km elliptic orbit.

The Simorgh rocket is 26.5 metres (87 ft) long, and has a launch mass of 87 tonnes (192,000 lb). Its first stage with a diameter of 2.4 meters is powered by a cluster of four synchronized Safir-1B first-stage engines with four separate turbopumps, each of these engines generating up to 37,000 kilograms-force (360 kN; 82,000 lbf) of thrust. The first stage also utilize a set of four vernier engines sharing a single turbopump used for attitude control and providing an additional 14,000 kgf (140 kN; 31,000 lbf). At liftoff, these engines generate a total 162,000 kgf (1,590 kN; 360,000 lbf) of thrust. The second stage with a diameter of 1.5 meters utilizes a set of four smaller engines similar to the two engines of Safir's second stage. These produce a total 7,000 kgf (69 kN; 15,000 lbf) of thrust.

The Simorgh's total flight time to a 500-530km orbit is between 480 and 495 seconds. The first stage burns for about 102 seconds. Stages separation takes place at an altitude of 90 km and a velocity of 2300 m/s. The fairing shroud is ejected simultaneously to the second stage engines ignition. The satellite is then accelerated to 7400 m/s and injected into its designated orbit.

In contrast to its predecessor Safir, the Simorgh is integrated and assembled vertically on a launch pad located at the Imam Khomeini Space Center. Each stage goes through manufacturing horizontally and is subsequently brought to the launch pad, where final assembly of the stages are completed with the aid of a custom designed service tower.

Saman-1 is a solid-fueled orbital transfer system under development that produces 1,300 kgf (13 kN; 2,900 lbf) of thrust and will be used as an additional upper stage in future.

Reliability

The development of the Simorgh has been marked with difficulties and unreliability of certain sub-systems due to the overcomplexity of its engines and turbopumps. Out of the system's first four launches (two orbital and two sub-orbital launches) there have been three failures, giving the rocket a reliability rating of twenty five percent. There were however, indications of progressive improvements to the design and reliability of the system with each successive launch; with the 2017 launch operating for 120 seconds before failure, the 2019 launch operating 450 seconds before failure, and the 2020 launch operating correctly for 475 seconds out of the 490 seconds of operation required for a successful mission, giving the missions a 25, 92, 97, percent success rate respectively, indicating a trend of increasing reliability in the design.

Operations

The Simorgh rocket has had 7 official launch missions until December 2024, and with this statistic, it is among the 40 active satellite launchers with the highest number of launch operations in the world.

Launch history

Satellite(s)	Date & Time (UTC)	Launch Site	Satellite Mass	Outcome	Remarks
No payload	19 April 2016	Semnan LP-2	N/A	Success	Sub-orbital test flight.
No payload	27 July 2017	Semnan LP-2	100 kg	Failure	Orbital test flight. Simorgh operated for 136 seconds. Second stage failed.
Payam (named "AUT-SAT" previously)	15 January 2019	Semnan LP-2	90 kg	Failure	Orbital test flight. Simorgh operated for 455 seconds. Third stage failed.
Zafar-1	9 February 2020, 15:45	Semnan LP-2	113 kg	Failure	Orbital test flight. Simorgh operated for 475 seconds. Satellite reached speed of 6,500 m/s out of the 7,400 m/s required to orbit. First stage operated fully correctly. Second stage failed.
Unknown	12 June 2021	Semnan LP-2		Disputed launch existence	U.S. official stated "is aware of an Iranian rocket launch failure". Satellite imagery "looked like a launch" occurred. Iran's Telecommunications Minister denied any launch.
Three research devices	30 December 2021	Semnan LP-2	TBA	Failure	Orbital test flight.First time Iran launched multiple payloads in the same launch. Simorgh operated for about 600 seconds (500 seconds for the second stage). Devices didn't enter orbit; reached an altitude of 470 km and a speed of 7,350 m/s, out of the 7,600 m/s required.
Mahda, Keyhan-2 and Hatef-1	28 January 2024	Semnan LP-2	TBA	Success	First successful orbital launch of Simorgh, placed three satellites into a 1100 x 450 km orbit. The launch occurred just 8 days after the first successful orbital launch of Qaem 100.
Saman-1, Fakhr-1 and one other research satellite	6 December 2024	Semnan LP-2	300 kg	Success	The launch of the Saman-1 orbital transfer block to an altitude of 400 kilometers, along with two other payloads (including the Fakhr-1 satellite), with a total weight of 300 kilograms, breaking weight record.

Gallery

Simorgh during the launch of Payam satellite on 15 January 2021
Simorgh during launch preparations
Simorgh in its servicing tower

References

"برنامه ثریا ۱۵ خرداد ۱۴۰۱". telewebion.com (in Persian). 2022-06-05. Retrieved 2022-06-25.
"Iran launches Simorgh satellite carrier from Imam Khomeini Space Center". Mehr News Agency. 2017-07-28. Retrieved 2024-01-28.
"Simorgh (Safir-2)". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 2024-01-28.
"Iran fails in satellite launch attempt – Spaceflight Now".
"Iran brags it launched rocket into space... with mouse, turtles & worms". New York Daily News. 2010-02-03. Retrieved 2010-02-03.
""سفیر" رسما بازنشسته شد تا "سیمرغ" مهیای سفر فضایی شود/ طلسم استفاده ماهواره‌بر ایرانی از سوخت جامد با سریر و سروش می‌شکند؟ +عکس". مشرق نیوز (in Persian). 2020-01-28. Retrieved 2021-12-30.
^ YJC, خبرگزاری باشگاه خبرنگاران | آخرین اخبار ایران و جهان | (2021-12-31). "پرواز دوباره سیمرغ/ ماهواره‌بر سیمرغ چه ویژگی‌هایی دارد؟" (in Persian). Retrieved 2022-03-27.
Arrott, Elizabeth (2010-02-03). "Iran Announces New Rockets, Satellites on Space Day". VOA News. Retrieved 2010-02-03.
^ "Simorgh First Launch - an Iranian Success or Failure?". 24 April 2016.
^ "ماهواره‌بر "سیمرغ" چگونه متولد شد؟ +عکس". مشرق نیوز (in Persian). 2020-03-22. Retrieved 2021-06-26.
Entekhab.ir, پایگاه خبری تحلیلی انتخاب | (December 30, 2021). "برای نخستین بار، سه محموله تحقیقاتی توسط ماهواره‌بر سیمرغ با موفقیت به ارتفاع ۴۷۰ کیلومتری پرتاب شد". fa (in Persian). Retrieved 2022-06-29.
"Iranian DM: Simorgh to Carry Tolou, Mesbah Satellites into Space". Fars News Agency. 2010-02-03. Archived from the original on 2011-11-13. Retrieved 2010-02-03.
^ "موشک های ماهواره بر ایران". جنگاوران (in Persian). 2017-08-16. Retrieved 2021-04-15.
^ "Safir-2 (Simorgh) IRILV". www.b14643.de. Retrieved 2021-04-15.
^ "تحقق ۹۰ درصد اهداف تحقیقاتی در پرتاب ماهواره "ظفر"". defapress.ir. Retrieved 2022-03-16.
"انجام اولین آزمون زیرمداری سامانه انتقال مداری/آزمون زیرمداری دوم در برنامه بعدی پژوهشگاه فضایی". ایسنا (in Persian). 2021-06-27. Retrieved 2022-06-29.
Egozi, Arie (2020-06-29). "New Iranian Missile Could Strike Central Europe: Analysis". Breaking Defense. Retrieved 2021-06-26.
Berger, Eric (2021-06-25). "Rocket Report: China to copy SpaceX's Super Heavy? Vulcan slips to 2022". Ars Technica. Retrieved 2021-06-27.
https://en.wikipedia.org/Comparison_of_orbital_launch_systems
"Toloo 1, 2". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 2024-06-02.
^ Krebs, Gunter. "Simorgh (Safir-2)". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 15 January 2019.
"Payam-e Amirkabir (AUTSAT 1, Amir-Kabir 1)". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 2024-06-02.
Tawfeeq, Mohammed; Qiblawi, Tamara (15 January 2019). "Despite US warning, Iran launches satellite and fails". CNN. Retrieved 15 January 2019.
https://spaceflightnow.com/2020/02/10/iran-fails-in-satellite-launch-attempt/ - 11 February 2020
"Zafar 1, 2". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 2024-06-02.
^ "بیش از ۹۵ درصد از اهداف طراحی شده برای پرتاب ماهواره ظفر محقق شد". خبرگزاری مهر | اخبار ایران و جهان | Mehr News Agency (in Persian). 2020-02-12. Retrieved 2022-03-16.
"Iranian Satellite Launched But Fails To Reach Earth's Orbit". RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty. Retrieved 2020-02-09.
"Iran likely had failed rocket launch, preparing for another". AP NEWS. 2021-06-23. Retrieved 2021-12-30.
"Iran launches rocket into space as nuclear talks continue". www.aljazeera.com. Retrieved 2021-12-30.
""Simorgh" satellite carrier successfully launched into space". Mehr News Agency. 2021-12-30. Retrieved 2021-12-30.
مستند پرواز سیمرغ [The flight of the Simorgh documentary] (in Persian), 2022-01-02, retrieved 2022-03-16
"ماهواره‌بر سیمرغ رکورد بزرگترین و سنگین‌ترین تزریق محموله فضایی در مدار را شکست". ایسنا (in Persian). 2024-12-06. Retrieved 2024-12-06.

External links

Iranian space program

Organizations

Space centres

Satellites

Reconnaissance/Spy	Sina-1 Mesbah-1 Mesbah-2 Noor-1 Noor-2 Noor-3 Khayyam
Remote sensing	Fajr Zafar Rasad 1 Navid Pars-2 Masud-2 AmirKabir Toloo
Communication	Omid Nahid-1† Soraya

Launch vehicles

Spacecraft and capsules

Pishgam

Astronomical observatories

Primary spaceports

People

Scientists	Mohammad Ali Forghani

v t e Orbital launch systems
List of orbital launch systems Comparison of orbital launch systems
Current	Angara 1.2 A5 Ariane 6 Atlas V Ceres 1 1S Chollima-1 Electron Falcon 9 Block 5 Falcon Heavy Firefly Alpha Gravity-1 GSLV H-IIA H3 Hyperbola-1 Jielong 1 3 KAIROS Kaituozhe 2 Kinetica 1 Kuaizhou 1 1A 11 Long March 2C 2D 2F 3A 3B/E 3C 4B 4C 5 5B 6 6A 6C 7 7A 8 11 11H 12 LVM3 Minotaur I IV V C New Glenn Nuri OS-M1 Pegasus XL Proton-M PSLV Qaem 100 Qased Shavit 2 Simorgh SLS Block 1 Soyuz-2 2.1a / STA 2.1b / STB 2-1v SSLV Starship Tianlong-2 Unha Vega C Vulcan Centaur Zhuque 2
In development	Antares 330 Bloostar Cyclone-4M Deca Epsilon S Eris Gravity-2 Hyperbola-2 Irtysh Kuaizhou 21 31 Long March 9 10 Miura 5 MLV Neutron New Line 1 NGLV Nova OS-M 2 4 Orbex Prime Pallas-1 Red Dwarf SLS Block 1B Block 2 Soyuz-7 Terran R Tianlong-3 VLM Vega E Zero Zhuque 3 Zuljanah
Retired	Antares 110 120 130 230 230+ Ariane 1 2 3 4 5 ASLV Athena I II Atlas B D E/F G H I II III LV-3B SLV-3 Able Agena Centaur Black Arrow Conestoga Delta A B C D E G J L M N 0100 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 II III IV IV Heavy Diamant Dnepr Energia Epsilon Europa I II Falcon 1 Falcon 9 v1.0 v1.1 v1.2 "Full Thrust" Feng Bao 1 GSLV Mk I H-I H-II H-IIB Juno I Juno II Kaituozhe-1 Kosmos original 1 2/2I 3 3M Lambda 4S LauncherOne Long March 1 1D 2A 2E 3 3B 4A Mu 4S 3C 3H 3S 3SII V N1 N-I N-II Naro-1 Paektusan Pilot-2 R-7 Luna Molniya M L Polyot Soyuz original FG L M U U2 Soyuz/Vostok Sputnik Voskhod Vostok L K 2 2M R-29 Shtil' Volna Rocket 3 RS1 Safir 1 1A 1B Saturn I IB V Scout X-1 Blue Scout II X-2 X-2M X-3 X-3M X-4 X-2B B A B-1 D-1 A-1 E-1 F-1 G-1 Shavit original 1 SLV Space Shuttle SPARK Sparta SS-520 Start-1 Terran 1 Thor Able Ablestar 1 2 Agena A B D Burner 1 2 Delta DSV-2U Thorad-Agena SLV-2G SLV-2H Titan II GLV IIIA IIIB IIIC IIID IIIE 34D 23G CT-3 IV Tsyklon R-36-O original 2 3 Universal Rocket UR-500 Proton Proton-K Rokot Strela Vanguard Vega original VLS-1 Zenit 2 2M 2FG 3SL 3SLB 3F Zhuque 1
Classes	Sounding rocket Small-lift launch vehicle Medium-lift launch vehicle Heavy-lift launch vehicle Super heavy-lift launch vehicle
This template lists historical, current, and future space rockets that at least once attempted (but not necessarily succeeded in) an orbital launch or that are planned to attempt such a launch in the future Symbol indicates past or current rockets that attempted orbital launches but never succeeded (never did or has yet to perform a successful orbital launch)

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