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| {{Short description|1109–1110 invasion of Toledo by the Almoravids}} | |||
| {{Infobox military conflict | {{Infobox military conflict | ||
| | conflict = Almoravid campaign in central Iberia (1109–1110) | | conflict = Almoravid campaign in central Iberia (1109–1110) | ||
| Line 7: | Line 8: | ||
| | date = 14 August 1109 – 1110 | | date = 14 August 1109 – 1110 | ||
| | place = ] | | place = ] | ||
| | territory = Almoravid conquest of ], ], and ].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Messier |first=Ronald A. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yobDEAAAQBAJ&dq=Jihad+against+the+Christians+in+Andalusia+was+important+enough+for+the+Almoravid+Amir+to+come+in+person.+On+Thursday+15+Muharram%2C+503%2F14+August%2C+1109%2C+Ali+Ibn+Yusuf+set+sail+for+Andalusia+for+the+first+time.+He+left+Ceuta+with+an+extraordinarily+large+army+and+crossed+the+straits+to+wage+his+own+first+jihad+in+Andalusia.+He+proceeded+directly+to+Cordoba%2C+where+he+stayed+for+one+month+before+beginning+his+campaign.+He+had+already+dispatched+Tamim+to+become+the+gov-+ernor+of+Tlemcen.++Ali+Ibn+Yusuf+began+by+taking+the+city+of+Talavera+by+assault%2C+as+well+as+27+fortresses+in+the+vicinity+of+Toledo.+He+also+took+Madrid&pg=PA134 |title=The Almoravids and the Meanings of Jihad |date=2010-08-19 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing USA |isbn=978-0-313-38590-2 |language=en}}</ref> | |||
| | result = Almoravid victory | | result = Almoravid victory | ||
| | combatant1 = ] | | combatant1 = ] | ||
| Line 20: | Line 22: | ||
| {{Campaignbox Reconquista}} | {{Campaignbox Reconquista}} | ||
| In the year 1109, the Almoravid leader Ali ibn Yusuf launched a campaign against the Kingdom of Castile. During the campaign, they captured Talavera and other towns and forts. but they failed to capture Toledo. | In the year 1109, the Almoravid leader Ali ibn Yusuf launched a campaign against the Kingdom of Castile. During the campaign, they captured Talavera and other towns and forts. but they failed to capture Toledo. | ||
| ==Prelude== | ==Prelude== | ||
| After two months passed since the ], the Almoravid leader, Ali bin Yusuf, set sail to Andalusia in August. He left ] with a large army and crossed the straits. He arrived in Cordoba, where he stayed for one month before beginning his campaign.<ref>Muhammad Abdullah Enan, p. 67-68</ref><ref>Ronald A. Messier, p. 134</ref> | After two months passed since the ], the Almoravid leader, Ali bin Yusuf, set sail to Andalusia in August. He left ] with a large army and crossed the straits. He arrived in Cordoba, where he stayed for one month before beginning his campaign.<ref>Muhammad Abdullah Enan, p. 67-68</ref><ref>Ronald A. Messier, p. 134</ref> | ||
| ==Campaign== | ==Campaign== | ||
| According to Muslim accounts, the |
According to Muslim accounts, the Almoravids first went to ], which was situated on the ] River west of Toledo. The Almoravids assaulted the town and sacked it, killing and enslaving the inhabitants. The Almoravids also freed Muslim prisoners. The Christians who survived the onslaught escaped to the ]. The Christians managed to escape the Kasbah, which allowed the Almoravids to capture it. The city was sacked, and it's church was returned as a mosque. Ali then established a strong garrison. The Almoravids then invaded the Toledo vicinity, assaulting and capturing 27 forts. They also captured ] and ]. They then invested in Toledo, but after a siege of 3 days, they retreated after ravaging it's vicinity.<ref>Muhammad Abdullah Enan, p. 68</ref><ref>Ronald A. Messier, p. 134-135</ref> | ||
| Christian accounts, however, present different versions. The Almoravids first went to Toledo; they destroyed the castles of San Servando and Aceca. They then invested in Toledo. The city was defended ]. The siege has lasted for seven days, during which the Castilians managed to repel the Almoravids attempts to capture the city, suffering heavy losses and many siege equipments in 1110. After the failed siege, the Almoravids assaulted and sacked Madrid, Talavera, Olmos, Canales, and many other towns, carrying a large number of prisoners and plunder.<ref>Muhammad Abdullah Enan, p. 69</ref><ref>Richard Fletcher & Simon Barton, p. 205-207</ref> | Christian accounts, however, present different versions. The Almoravids first went to Toledo; they destroyed the castles of San Servando and Aceca. They then invested in Toledo. The city was defended ]. The siege has lasted for seven days, during which the Castilians managed to repel the Almoravids attempts to capture the city, suffering heavy losses and many siege equipments in 1110. After the failed siege, the Almoravids assaulted and sacked Madrid, Talavera, Olmos, Canales, and many other towns, carrying a large number of prisoners and plunder.<ref>Muhammad Abdullah Enan, p. 69</ref><ref>Richard Fletcher & Simon Barton, p. 205-207</ref> | ||
Latest revision as of 03:37, 1 January 2025
1109–1110 invasion of Toledo by the Almoravids| Almoravid campaign in central Iberia (1109–1110) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part of the Reconquista | |||||||||
 Iberian Peninsula in 1115 | |||||||||
| |||||||||
| Belligerents | |||||||||
| Almoravid dynasty | Kingdom of Castile | ||||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||||
| Ali ibn Yusuf | Álvar Fáñez | ||||||||
| Strength | |||||||||
| Unknown | Unknown | ||||||||
| Casualties and losses | |||||||||
| Heavy | Heavy | ||||||||
| Battles of the Almoravids | |
|---|---|
|
In the year 1109, the Almoravid leader Ali ibn Yusuf launched a campaign against the Kingdom of Castile. During the campaign, they captured Talavera and other towns and forts. but they failed to capture Toledo.
Prelude
After two months passed since the Battle of Uclés, the Almoravid leader, Ali bin Yusuf, set sail to Andalusia in August. He left Ceuta with a large army and crossed the straits. He arrived in Cordoba, where he stayed for one month before beginning his campaign.
Campaign
According to Muslim accounts, the Almoravids first went to Talavera de la Reina, which was situated on the Tagus River west of Toledo. The Almoravids assaulted the town and sacked it, killing and enslaving the inhabitants. The Almoravids also freed Muslim prisoners. The Christians who survived the onslaught escaped to the Kasbah. The Christians managed to escape the Kasbah, which allowed the Almoravids to capture it. The city was sacked, and it's church was returned as a mosque. Ali then established a strong garrison. The Almoravids then invaded the Toledo vicinity, assaulting and capturing 27 forts. They also captured Madrid and Guadalajara. They then invested in Toledo, but after a siege of 3 days, they retreated after ravaging it's vicinity.
Christian accounts, however, present different versions. The Almoravids first went to Toledo; they destroyed the castles of San Servando and Aceca. They then invested in Toledo. The city was defended Álvar Fáñez. The siege has lasted for seven days, during which the Castilians managed to repel the Almoravids attempts to capture the city, suffering heavy losses and many siege equipments in 1110. After the failed siege, the Almoravids assaulted and sacked Madrid, Talavera, Olmos, Canales, and many other towns, carrying a large number of prisoners and plunder.
After the campaign, Ali returned to Cordoba, then to Marrakesh. Despite the difference in both accounts, it agrees that the campaign was large and had effect on the Castilians.
References
- Messier, Ronald A. (2010-08-19). The Almoravids and the Meanings of Jihad. Bloomsbury Publishing USA. ISBN 978-0-313-38590-2.
- Muhammad Abdullah Enan, p. 67-68
- Ronald A. Messier, p. 134
- Muhammad Abdullah Enan, p. 68
- Ronald A. Messier, p. 134-135
- Muhammad Abdullah Enan, p. 69
- Richard Fletcher & Simon Barton, p. 205-207
- Muhammad Abdullah Enan, p. 69
Sources
- Muhammad Abdullah Enan, The State of Islam in Andalusia, Vol. III: The Era of Almoravids and Almohads, Part 1.
- Richard Fletcher & Simon Barton (2000), The World of El Cid: Chronicles of the Spanish Reconquest.