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{{Use mdy dates|date=December 2024}}
]: ] - ''']''' - ]
{{About year|1030}}
{{Year nav|1030}}
{{C11 year in topic}}
] (left) is killed at ].]]
Year '''1030''' (''']''') was a ] of the ].


⚫ == Events ==
]: ] ] ] ] ] - ''']''' - ] ] ] ] ]
<onlyinclude>


=== By place ===
Years: ] ] ] ] ] - '''1030''' - ] ] ] ] ]
==== Byzantine Empire ====
----
* Emperor ] decides to retaliate upon the incursions of the Muslims on the eastern frontier. He leads a Byzantine expeditionary force (20,000 men) to secure ]. The ] emir ] of ] sues for peace, but Romanos refuses to negotiate and leads his army against Aleppo, against the advice of his generals. The Byzantine army encamps near ], ] by the Mirdasids' ] troops, who cut off the Byzantines from food and water.
⚫ ===Events===
* ] &ndash; Romanos orders a retreat to Antioch. As the army is exhausted from the heat and the lack of supplies, the retreat soon turns into a flight in panic. Romanos returns to Constantinople in humiliation but his generals on the eastern frontier manage to salvage the situation: a ] attack on ] is repulsed, and Azaz itself is captured in December after a brief siege. In April/May 1031, Emir Nasr of Aleppo agreed to vassal and tributary status with Byzantium.<ref>{{cite book | last=Halm | first=Heinz | authorlink = Heinz Halm | title = Die Kalifen von Kairo: Die Fatimiden in Ägypten, 973–1074 | language = German | trans-title = The Caliphs of Cairo: The Fatimids in Egypt, 973–1074 | publisher = C. H. Beck | location = Munich | year = 2003 | isbn = 3-406-48654-1 | pages=341–343}}</ref>
* According to a legend city of ] was founded.
* ] of ] ensures the Christianization of ].
* The city of ] in ] is founded.


===Births=== ==== Europe ====
* ] &ndash; Emperor ] ('''the Elder''') leads an invasion into ]. He plunders the lands west of the River ], but suffers from consequences of the ] tactics used by the Hungarians. Conrad, threatened by starvation, is forced to retreat back to ]. King ] pursues his forces, which are defeated and captured by the Hungarians at ].
* ] – ]: King ] ('''St. Olaf''') attempts to reconquer ] with help from King ] of ]. He is defeated by a superior Norwegian peasant and Danish army (14,000 men). Olaf is killed in the battle, he is later canonized and becomes the ] of Norway and ''Rex perpetuum Norvegiae'' ('the eternal king of Norway').
* The first mention is made of ], ], as Grand Prince ] ('''the Wise''') of ] and ] defeats the ], and founds a fort named Yuryev (modern-day Tartu).<ref>{{cite book|last1=Tvauri|first1=Andres|title=The Migration Period, Pre-Viking Age, and Viking Age in Estonia|date=2012|pages=33, 59, 60|url=https://www.etis.ee/Portal/Publications/Display/b80b6f11-43ed-4b8c-b616-48ac53b70ec5?language=ENG|accessdate=December 27, 2016}}</ref> The Rus' will hold the fortress for the next 30 or 31 years.
* The first mention is made of ], ], which is derived from ''Tellewilare'', and indicates the early medieval origins of Thalwil as an ]c farmstead.
* ] revolts against his father King ] ('''the Pious''') in a civil war over power and property. Robert's army is defeated, and he retreats to ].


===Deaths=== ==== Asia ====
* ] &ndash; Sultan ] dies after a 28-year reign. He is succeeded by his son ] who seizes the throne of the ], which includes much of ], ] and India.
⚫ * ] - ]
* ], a Chinese historian and scholar, obtains his '']'' degree at the age of 23, by passing the ] in the country, leading him into a distinguished path as a ].
* ], died at ] but was later canonized as St. Olav.
</onlyinclude>
* ] reaches its greatest extent.


== Births ==
⚫ ]
* ] &ndash; ], king of the ] (])
]
* ] &ndash; ], bishop of ] (d. ])
]
* ], German ] (approximate date)
]
* ], French queen and ] (approximate date)
]
* ] ('''the Good'''), count of ] (approximate date)
]
* ], founder of the ] (d. ])
]
* ] ('''the Great'''), duke of ] (approximate date)
]
* ], countess of ] (approximate date)
]
* ], German priest (approximate date)
]
* ], emperor of the ] (d. ])
]
* ], Grand Prince of ] (d. ])
* ], French ] (approximate date)
* ], German abbot (approximate date)

== Deaths ==
* ] &ndash; ], margrave of the ]
⚫ * ] &ndash; ] ('''the Great'''), duke of ] (b. ])
* ] &ndash; ], German nobleman (])
* ] &ndash; ], Ghaznavid emir (b. ])
* ] &ndash; ], French bishop and poet (or ])
* ]
** ], Norwegian servant and diplomat
** ] ('''St. Olaf'''), king of ]
** ], Norwegian ] warrior
* ], Fatimid historian and official (b. ])
* ], Irish poet and ]
* ], Chinese ] (approximate date)
* ], Irish queen (b. ])
* ], king of ] (])
* ], Persian official and ] (b. ])
* ], Icelandic ] and ]
* ], king of ] (approximate date)
* ], count of ] (approximate date)

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:1030}}
⚫ ]

Latest revision as of 13:03, 3 January 2025

Calendar year
Millennium: 2nd millennium
Centuries:
Decades:
Years:
1030 by topic
Leaders
Birth and death categories
Births – Deaths
Establishments and disestablishments categories
Establishments – Disestablishments
1030 in various calendars
Gregorian calendar1030
MXXX
Ab urbe condita1783
Armenian calendar479
ԹՎ ՆՀԹ
Assyrian calendar5780
Balinese saka calendar951–952
Bengali calendar436–437
Berber calendar1980
English Regnal yearN/A
Buddhist calendar1574
Burmese calendar392
Byzantine calendar6538–6539
Chinese calendar己巳年 (Earth Snake)
3727 or 3520
    — to —
庚午年 (Metal Horse)
3728 or 3521
Coptic calendar746–747
Discordian calendar2196
Ethiopian calendar1022–1023
Hebrew calendar4790–4791
Hindu calendars
 - Vikram Samvat1086–1087
 - Shaka Samvat951–952
 - Kali Yuga4130–4131
Holocene calendar11030
Igbo calendar30–31
Iranian calendar408–409
Islamic calendar420–421
Japanese calendarChōgen 3
(長元３年)
Javanese calendar932–933
Julian calendar1030
MXXX
Korean calendar3363
Minguo calendar882 before ROC
民前882年
Nanakshahi calendar−438
Seleucid era1341/1342 AG
Thai solar calendar1572–1573
Tibetan calendar阴土蛇年
(female Earth-Snake)
1156 or 775 or 3
    — to —
阳金马年
(male Iron-Horse)
1157 or 776 or 4
King Olaf II (left) is killed at Stiklestad.

Year 1030 (MXXX) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar.

Events

By place

Byzantine Empire

  • Emperor Romanos III Argyros decides to retaliate upon the incursions of the Muslims on the eastern frontier. He leads a Byzantine expeditionary force (20,000 men) to secure Antioch. The Mirdasid emir Shibl al-Dawla Nasr of Aleppo sues for peace, but Romanos refuses to negotiate and leads his army against Aleppo, against the advice of his generals. The Byzantine army encamps near Azaz, where they are encircled by the Mirdasids' Bedouin troops, who cut off the Byzantines from food and water.
  • August 10 – Romanos orders a retreat to Antioch. As the army is exhausted from the heat and the lack of supplies, the retreat soon turns into a flight in panic. Romanos returns to Constantinople in humiliation but his generals on the eastern frontier manage to salvage the situation: a Fatimid attack on Maraclea is repulsed, and Azaz itself is captured in December after a brief siege. In April/May 1031, Emir Nasr of Aleppo agreed to vassal and tributary status with Byzantium.

Europe

  • June – Emperor Conrad II (the Elder) leads an invasion into Hungary. He plunders the lands west of the River Rába, but suffers from consequences of the scorched earth tactics used by the Hungarians. Conrad, threatened by starvation, is forced to retreat back to Germany. King Stephen I pursues his forces, which are defeated and captured by the Hungarians at Vienna.
  • July 29 – Battle of Stiklestad: King Olaf II Haraldsson (St. Olaf) attempts to reconquer Norway with help from King Anund Jakob of Sweden. He is defeated by a superior Norwegian peasant and Danish army (14,000 men). Olaf is killed in the battle, he is later canonized and becomes the patron saint of Norway and Rex perpetuum Norvegiae ('the eternal king of Norway').
  • The first mention is made of Tartu, Estonia, as Grand Prince Yaroslav I (the Wise) of Novgorod and Kyiv defeats the Estonians, and founds a fort named Yuryev (modern-day Tartu). The Rus' will hold the fortress for the next 30 or 31 years.
  • The first mention is made of Thalwil, Switzerland, which is derived from Tellewilare, and indicates the early medieval origins of Thalwil as an Alemannic farmstead.
  • Henry I revolts against his father King Robert II (the Pious) in a civil war over power and property. Robert's army is defeated, and he retreats to Beaugency.

Asia

Births

Deaths

References

  1. Halm, Heinz (2003). Die Kalifen von Kairo: Die Fatimiden in Ägypten, 973–1074 [The Caliphs of Cairo: The Fatimids in Egypt, 973–1074] (in German). Munich: C. H. Beck. pp. 341–343. ISBN 3-406-48654-1.
  2. Tvauri, Andres (2012). The Migration Period, Pre-Viking Age, and Viking Age in Estonia. pp. 33, 59, 60. Retrieved December 27, 2016.
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