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{{Short description|"First base", etc., as sexual euphemism}} | |||
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⚫ | In American ], '''baseball metaphors for sex''' are often used as ]s for the degree of ] achieved in ] or relationships.<ref>{{cite book|title=Offside: Soccer and American Exceptionalism|first1=Steven L.|last1=Hellermann|first2= Andrei S.|last2=Markovits|year=2001|publisher=]|isbn=069107447X|page=66}}</ref> In the metaphor, first prevalent in the ], sexual activities are described as if they are actions in a game of ].<ref>{{cite book|title=Communicating Gender|first=Suzanne|last=Romaine|year=1999| publisher=Lawrence Erlbaum Associates|isbn=0-8058-2926-1|page=210}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=The Dark Ages, Life in the United States, 1945–1960|first=Marty|last=Jezer|year=1982|publisher=South End Press|isbn=0-89608-127-3|page=|url=https://archive.org/details/darkageslifeinth00jeze/page/248}}</ref> Baseball has also served as the context for metaphors about sexual roles and identity. | ||
==Running the bases== | |||
Although details vary, a broadly accepted description of what each base represents is as follows: | |||
Among the most commonly used metaphors is the progress of a ] and base-runner in describing levels of physical intimacy (traditionally from a heterosexual perspective). Definitions vary, but the following are typical usages of the terms:<ref>{{cite book | title=Third Base Ain't What it Used to Be: What Your Kids Are Learning About Sex Today—and How to Teach Them to Become Sexually Healthy Adults | author=Levkoff, Logan | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=m4qhuD3G0-8C | chapter=Sex Talk Among Teens | publisher=Open Road Media | year=2012 | isbn=9781453262924}}<br />{{cite book | title=The Routledge Dictionary of Modern American Slang and Unconventional English | author=Dalzell, Tom | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=neVBmSyNRnEC | publisher=Routledge | year=2008 | isbn=9781134194780}}<br />{{cite book | title=The Gender of Sexuality: Exploring Sexual Possibilities |author1=Rutter, Virginia |author2=Schwartz, Pepper |name-list-style=amp | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gbpIbqiEy2sC | year=2012 | publisher=Rowman & Littlefield | isbn=9780742570030}}</ref> | |||
<ref>{{cite book|last=Green|first=John|title=Looking for Alaska|isbn=0142402516}}</ref> | |||
* '']'' – a failure to engage in any form of ] or other ]; | |||
*'''First base''' - commonly understood to be any form of mouth to mouth kissing, especially open mouth ("French") kissing involving the tongue. Thus, if a person complains that s/he "can't get to first base," it means that the partner spurned advances or is not interested, although this is not necessarily a specific reference to a spurned attempt to engage in kissing. | |||
* '']'' – mouth-to-mouth ], especially ]ing; | |||
*'''Second base''' - aggressive stimulation between the neck and waist, usually shirtless or under the shirt. | |||
* '']'' – skin-to-skin touching/kissing of the ]; in some contexts, it may instead refer to touching any ]s through the clothes (i.e., not actually touching the skin); | |||
*'''Third base''' - manual or oral stimulation of the genitalia. | |||
* '']'' – touching below the waist or ]; in some contexts, it may instead refer to ]; | |||
*'''Home run (Fourth base)''' - the act of penetrative intercourse. | |||
* '']'' (''home base'' or ''scoring'') – "full" (]) sexual intercourse | |||
The metaphors are found variously in popular American culture, with one well-known example in the ] song "]", which describes a young couple "]", with a ] ] of a portion of a baseball game, as a metaphor for the couple's activities.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.espn.com/espn/page2/story?page=pearlman/070816|title=Phil and Meat Loaf will always have "Paradise"|first=Jeff|last= Pearlman|author-link=Jeff Pearlman|publisher=]|date=2007-08-29|access-date=2010-01-21}}</ref> A similar example can be found in ]'s song "]" in which he compares himself to ] and sings the lines, "Me, I'm trying just to get to second base and I'd ] it if she only gave the sign. She's gonna give the go ahead, the inning isn't over yet for me."<ref>{{cite book|title=The Words and Music of Billy Joel|first=Ken|last=Bielen|year=2011|publisher=Praeger|isbn=9780313380167|page=50}}</ref> ]'s 2006 song "]" is based on the same concept while the protagonist in ]'s 2007 song "]" is described as having never been to second base with a woman. | |||
'''An alternative delineation of the bases is as follows: | |||
*'''First base''' - mackin' and tit grabbin' | |||
*'''Second base''' - gettin' jerked off (handie) | |||
*'''Third base''' - mouth-job (blowski) | |||
*'''Home run (Fourth base)''' - slammin'your bitch. (gettin'your balls wet)''' | |||
Baseball positions are used as a coded reference to the roles played by ]:<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/bering-in-mind/top-scientists-get-to-the-bottom-of-gay-male-sex-role-preferences/|title=Top scientists get to the bottom of gay male sex role preferences|last=Bering|first=Jesse|website=Scientific American Blog Network|language=en|access-date=2019-11-17}}</ref> | |||
Other baseball terms commonly used for sex include: | |||
* ''] '' – the penetrative partner in ] | |||
* To ''']''' is to have ]. | |||
* '']'' – the receptive partner in anal sex | |||
* A ''']''' occurs when there is no success at all. | |||
* A ''']''' occurs when the couple goes "all the way" after a relatively short courtship. | |||
*''']''' refers to ] whereas ''']''' is ] (see ]). | |||
*The ''']''' is the active or top partner in (especially homosexual) anal sex or sexual intercourse (]). | |||
*The ''']''' is the passive receiver or bottom partner in (especially homosexual) anal sex or sexual intercourse (]). | |||
* A ''']''' entails being caught by the girl's father while in action{{Citation needed|date=July 2011}} | |||
* A Foul Ball occurs when there is ]{{Citation needed|date=July 2011}} | |||
Similar metaphors for sexual identity include: | |||
A number of other baseball related euphemisms and variations on the original metaphor exist. ] has chronicled many of these in his "Top Ten Baseball Euphemisms for Sex," a recurring theme on his ].<ref>Letterman, David (2001-09-20). . '']''. Retrieved 2010-04-30. (Search the "Top Ten" archive by the show date .)</ref> | |||
* '']'' – a ] individual, referencing a player who can bat from either side<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xmPhCwAAQBAJ&q=switch+hitter,+playing+for+the+other+team+bisexual&pg=PA42|title=The Field Guide to Sports Metaphors: A Compendium of Competitive Words and Idioms|last=Chetwynd|first=Josh|date=2016|publisher=Ten Speed Press|isbn=9781607748113|language=en}}</ref> | |||
* ''Playing for the other team'' also ''Batting for the other team'' – indicating a person is gay or lesbian<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.lavendermagazine.com/our-scene/playing-for-the-other-team-pride-in-our-sports/|title=Playing for the Other Team: Pride in Our Sports|date=2014-06-12|website=Lavender Magazine|language=en-US|access-date=2019-11-17}}</ref> | |||
* ''Playing for both teams'' also ''Batting for both teams'' – indicating a person is bisexual<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.collegetimes.com/uncategorized/being-bisexual-playing-for-both-teams-or-a-new-one-102329|title=Being Bisexual: Playing For Both Teams, or a New One?|last=Fox|first=Rebecca|website=CollegeTimes.com|language=en|access-date=2019-11-17}}</ref> | |||
==Views== | |||
==In popular culture== | |||
*Part 1 ("Paradise") of the ] song "]" describes a young couple's ], with a ] ], by veteran ] baseball announcer ], of a portion of a baseball game as a metaphor for the couple's activities.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://sports.espn.go.com/espn/page2/story?page=pearlman/070816|title=Phil and Meat Loaf will always have "Paradise"|first=Jeff|last= Pearlman|authorlink=Jeff Pearlman|publisher=]|date=2007-08-29|accessdate=2010-01-21}}</ref> | |||
*In the ] (then WWF), ] was throwing a surprise "This is your life" segment for fellow tag-teammate, ]. He introduced a mystery guest who turned out to be his old flame from high school. The Rock brought up their past in which they were making out. As Rock was sliding his hand along her thigh, he was cut off at third base. This is also the moment where the Rock coined his famous terminology, "]." | |||
*Political comedian ] mentions an alternative, the "abstinence bases," in his book ]. | |||
*Webcomic ] features a comic titled "Base System" with an expanded depiction of where various intimate acts lie in respect to a baseball diamond.<ref>http://xkcd.com/540/</ref> | |||
*On ] stand-up comedian ] wrote and performed a personal version because he wasn't as advanced as others in high school. Ex. Kiss a girl: home run. Touching: winning the pennant. All the way: Winning the World Series. Spring Training: practicing with your own team. | |||
*In John Green's novel '']'' Alaska describes the base system as being "French, Feel, Finger, Fuck." | |||
*In an episode of '']'', ] asks ] where their relationship is going after their third date. Howard wishes it goes to at least second base. It is later revealed in another episode that Howard doesn't understand the metaphore, when he tells ] he reached 8th base with Bernadette. Leonard asks what 8th base is, and he answers "7th base with shirt off... Well, my shirt." | |||
⚫ | The sequence of "running the bases" is often regarded as a script, or pattern, for young people who are experimenting with sexual relationships. The script may have slightly changed since the 1960s. Kohl and Francoeur state that with the growing emphasis in the 1990s on ] to expand sex beyond heterosexual penetrative intercourse, the "home run" has taken on the additional dimension of oral sex. Richters and ] conversely state that "third base" is now sometimes considered to comprise oral sex as part of the accepted pattern of activities, as a precursor to "full" (i.e. penetrative) sex.<ref>{{cite book |title=Doing it Down Under: The Sexual Lives of Australians|author=Juliet Richters and ]|year=2005 |publisher=Allen & Unwin |isbn=1-74114-326-8|page=32}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=The Scent of Eros: Mysteries of Odor in Human Sexuality|first1= James V.|last1=Kohl|first2=Robert T.|last2=Francoeur|year=2002|publisher=iUniverse|isbn=059523383X|pages=153–154}}</ref> The use of baseball as a sexual script in general, regardless of what each base signifies, has been critiqued by sexuality educators for misrepresenting sex as a contest with a winner and loser. Deborah Roffman writes that the baseball metaphor has been "insidiously powerful, singularly effective, and very efficient...as a vehicle for transmitting and transferring to successive generations of young people all that is wrong and unhealthy about American sexual attitudes."<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Roffman|first=Deborah|date=July–August 1991|title=The power of language: Sexual baseball as a metaphor in American culture|journal=SIECUS Report}}</ref> | ||
==Sex education== | |||
Educators have found the baseball metaphor an effective instructional tool when providing sex education to ] students.<ref name=Cooperstown>{{cite book|title=The Cooperstown Symposium on Baseball and American Culture 1998|first1=Alvin L.|last1=Hall|first2=Thomas L.|last2=Altherr|chapter=Eros at the Bat: American Baseball and Sexuality in Historical Context|pages=157–182|date= 2002|publisher=McFarland & Company|isbn=0786409541}}</ref> Levin and Bell, in their book ''A Chicken's Guide to Talking Turkey With Your Kids About Sex'', make use of it to aid parents in the discussion of puberty with their children, dividing the topics into "first base" ("Changes from the neck up"), "second base" ("Changes from the neck to the waist"), "third base" ("Changes from the waist down"), and "home plate" ("The Big 'It'").<ref>{{cite book|title=A Chicken's Guide to Talking Turkey With Your Kids About Sex|first1=Kevin|last1=Leman|first2=Kathy Flores|last2=Bell|date=2004|publisher=Zondervan|id=ISBN 031025096X}}</ref> The bases may be different for different people and sexes. | |||
There are conflicting perspectives on the use of the baseball metaphor as a part of ]. Some educators have found the baseball metaphor an effective instructional tool when providing sex education to ] students.<ref name="Cooperstown">{{cite book|title=The Cooperstown Symposium on Baseball and American Culture 1998|last1=Hall|first1=Alvin L.|last2=Altherr|first2=Thomas L.|publisher=McFarland & Company|year=2002|isbn=0-7864-0954-1|pages=157–182|chapter=Eros at the Bat: American Baseball and Sexuality in Historical Context}}</ref> Supporters of baseball metaphors in sex education include Leman and Bell. In their book ''A Chicken's Guide to Talking Turkey With Your Kids About Sex'', they use a baseball metaphor to aid parents in the discussion of ] with their children, dividing the topics into "first base" ("Changes from the neck up"), "second base" ("Changes from the neck to the waist"), "third base" ("Changes from the waist down"), and "home plate" ("The Big 'It{{'"}}).<ref>{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/chickensguidetot00kevi|title=A Chicken's Guide to Talking Turkey With Your Kids About Sex|last1=Leman|first1=Kevin|last2=Bell|first2=Kathy Flores|publisher=Zondervan|year=2004|isbn=031025096X}}</ref> Others argue that the baseball metaphor reflects U.S. ideas about sex as a contest to be won, rather than a mutual and ] activity.<ref name=":0" /> These critiques suggest that other metaphors might be more useful for explaining sexual consent and pleasure.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Vernacchio|first=Al|date=June 21, 2003|title="You're Out, Baseball!": A Healthier, More Equitable, Satisfying and Safer Model for Sexual Activity|journal=American Journal of Sexuality Education|language=en|volume=8|issue=1–2|pages=80–96|doi=10.1080/15546128.2012.740965|s2cid=218637782|issn=1554-6128}}</ref> A critique of the baseball metaphor is offered in sex education material provided by ], which gives an example of "sharing a pizza" as an alternative metaphor that emphasises mutual appetite and enjoyment over completion.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.scarleteen.com/article/in_your_own_words/to_slide_or_to_slice_finding_a_positive_sexual_metaphor|title=To Slide or to Slice? Finding a Positive Sexual Metaphor|last=Dreyfus|first=Carly|date=May 3, 2014|website=Scarleteen|access-date=August 3, 2019}}</ref> | |||
==Recent changes== | |||
⚫ | |||
Mullaney reports the idea that the introduction of oral sex is in fact a "new teen model", that is replacing the "traditional base system", in part as an "unintended offspring of ]". In this new model, sex acts, including many that were not included as part of the traditional "base" system, are classified in a wholly different way. The acts that count as "sex" are distinguished from those that do not count as "sex" according to whether it is possible to become pregnant from them. Thus ], ], and "a variety of other acts" are reclassified in the new model as "not a big deal" and "part of the realm of abstinence". Mullaney states that "obviously, not all teens subscribe to this revised model of classification".<ref>{{cite book|title=Everyone Is NOT Doing It: Abstinence and Personal Identity|first=Jamie L.|last=Mullaney|pages=153–154|date=2005|publisher=University of Chicago|isbn=0226547566}}</ref> | |||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
⚫ | *] | ||
{{Portal|Baseball|Human sexuality}} | |||
⚫ | * ] | ||
{{Clear}} | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
⚫ | {{Reflist|2}} | ||
;Notes | |||
⚫ | {{ |
||
==External links== | ==External links== | ||
*{{cite news|title=Strike me lucky, it just isn't cricket|date=2004-02-10|work=]|first=David|last=Dale|url=http://www.smh.com.au/articles/2004/02/09/1076175089032.html?from=storyrhs}} | * {{cite news|title=Strike me lucky, it just isn't cricket|date=2004-02-10|work=]|first=David|last=Dale|url=http://www.smh.com.au/articles/2004/02/09/1076175089032.html?from=storyrhs}} | ||
{{Sexual slang}} | {{Sexual slang}} | ||
{{DEFAULTSORT:Baseball metaphors for sex}} | |||
] | |||
] | |||
] | ] | ||
] | ] | ||
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Latest revision as of 02:28, 7 January 2025
"First base", etc., as sexual euphemism
In American slang, baseball metaphors for sex are often used as euphemisms for the degree of physical intimacy achieved in sexual encounters or relationships. In the metaphor, first prevalent in the aftermath of World War II, sexual activities are described as if they are actions in a game of baseball. Baseball has also served as the context for metaphors about sexual roles and identity.
Running the bases
Among the most commonly used metaphors is the progress of a batter and base-runner in describing levels of physical intimacy (traditionally from a heterosexual perspective). Definitions vary, but the following are typical usages of the terms:
- Strikeout – a failure to engage in any form of foreplay or other sexual activity;
- First base – mouth-to-mouth kissing, especially French kissing;
- Second base – skin-to-skin touching/kissing of the breasts; in some contexts, it may instead refer to touching any erogenous zones through the clothes (i.e., not actually touching the skin);
- Third base – touching below the waist or manual stimulation of the genitals; in some contexts, it may instead refer to oral stimulation of the genitals;
- Home run (home base or scoring) – "full" (penetrative) sexual intercourse
The metaphors are found variously in popular American culture, with one well-known example in the Meat Loaf song "Paradise by the Dashboard Light", which describes a young couple "making out", with a voice-over commentary of a portion of a baseball game, as a metaphor for the couple's activities. A similar example can be found in Billy Joel's song "Zanzibar" in which he compares himself to Pete Rose and sings the lines, "Me, I'm trying just to get to second base and I'd steal it if she only gave the sign. She's gonna give the go ahead, the inning isn't over yet for me." Trace Adkins's 2006 song "Swing" is based on the same concept while the protagonist in Brad Paisley's 2007 song "Online" is described as having never been to second base with a woman.
Baseball positions are used as a coded reference to the roles played by men who have sex with men:
Similar metaphors for sexual identity include:
- Switch hitter – a bisexual individual, referencing a player who can bat from either side
- Playing for the other team also Batting for the other team – indicating a person is gay or lesbian
- Playing for both teams also Batting for both teams – indicating a person is bisexual
Views
The sequence of "running the bases" is often regarded as a script, or pattern, for young people who are experimenting with sexual relationships. The script may have slightly changed since the 1960s. Kohl and Francoeur state that with the growing emphasis in the 1990s on safe sex to expand sex beyond heterosexual penetrative intercourse, the "home run" has taken on the additional dimension of oral sex. Richters and Rissel conversely state that "third base" is now sometimes considered to comprise oral sex as part of the accepted pattern of activities, as a precursor to "full" (i.e. penetrative) sex. The use of baseball as a sexual script in general, regardless of what each base signifies, has been critiqued by sexuality educators for misrepresenting sex as a contest with a winner and loser. Deborah Roffman writes that the baseball metaphor has been "insidiously powerful, singularly effective, and very efficient...as a vehicle for transmitting and transferring to successive generations of young people all that is wrong and unhealthy about American sexual attitudes."
There are conflicting perspectives on the use of the baseball metaphor as a part of sex education. Some educators have found the baseball metaphor an effective instructional tool when providing sex education to middle school students. Supporters of baseball metaphors in sex education include Leman and Bell. In their book A Chicken's Guide to Talking Turkey With Your Kids About Sex, they use a baseball metaphor to aid parents in the discussion of puberty with their children, dividing the topics into "first base" ("Changes from the neck up"), "second base" ("Changes from the neck to the waist"), "third base" ("Changes from the waist down"), and "home plate" ("The Big 'It'"). Others argue that the baseball metaphor reflects U.S. ideas about sex as a contest to be won, rather than a mutual and consensual activity. These critiques suggest that other metaphors might be more useful for explaining sexual consent and pleasure. A critique of the baseball metaphor is offered in sex education material provided by Scarleteen, which gives an example of "sharing a pizza" as an alternative metaphor that emphasises mutual appetite and enjoyment over completion.
See also
References
- Hellermann, Steven L.; Markovits, Andrei S. (2001). Offside: Soccer and American Exceptionalism. Princeton University Press. p. 66. ISBN 069107447X.
- Romaine, Suzanne (1999). Communicating Gender. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. p. 210. ISBN 0-8058-2926-1.
- Jezer, Marty (1982). The Dark Ages, Life in the United States, 1945–1960. South End Press. p. 248. ISBN 0-89608-127-3.
- Levkoff, Logan (2012). "Sex Talk Among Teens". Third Base Ain't What it Used to Be: What Your Kids Are Learning About Sex Today—and How to Teach Them to Become Sexually Healthy Adults. Open Road Media. ISBN 9781453262924.
Dalzell, Tom (2008). The Routledge Dictionary of Modern American Slang and Unconventional English. Routledge. ISBN 9781134194780.
Rutter, Virginia & Schwartz, Pepper (2012). The Gender of Sexuality: Exploring Sexual Possibilities. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 9780742570030. - Pearlman, Jeff (2007-08-29). "Phil and Meat Loaf will always have "Paradise"". ESPN. Retrieved 2010-01-21.
- Bielen, Ken (2011). The Words and Music of Billy Joel. Praeger. p. 50. ISBN 9780313380167.
- Bering, Jesse. "Top scientists get to the bottom of gay male sex role preferences". Scientific American Blog Network. Retrieved 2019-11-17.
- Chetwynd, Josh (2016). The Field Guide to Sports Metaphors: A Compendium of Competitive Words and Idioms. Ten Speed Press. ISBN 9781607748113.
- "Playing for the Other Team: Pride in Our Sports". Lavender Magazine. 2014-06-12. Retrieved 2019-11-17.
- Fox, Rebecca. "Being Bisexual: Playing For Both Teams, or a New One?". CollegeTimes.com. Retrieved 2019-11-17.
- Juliet Richters and Chris Rissel (2005). Doing it Down Under: The Sexual Lives of Australians. Allen & Unwin. p. 32. ISBN 1-74114-326-8.
- Kohl, James V.; Francoeur, Robert T. (2002). The Scent of Eros: Mysteries of Odor in Human Sexuality. iUniverse. pp. 153–154. ISBN 059523383X.
- ^ Roffman, Deborah (July–August 1991). "The power of language: Sexual baseball as a metaphor in American culture". SIECUS Report.
- Hall, Alvin L.; Altherr, Thomas L. (2002). "Eros at the Bat: American Baseball and Sexuality in Historical Context". The Cooperstown Symposium on Baseball and American Culture 1998. McFarland & Company. pp. 157–182. ISBN 0-7864-0954-1.
- Leman, Kevin; Bell, Kathy Flores (2004). A Chicken's Guide to Talking Turkey With Your Kids About Sex. Zondervan. ISBN 031025096X.
- Vernacchio, Al (June 21, 2003). ""You're Out, Baseball!": A Healthier, More Equitable, Satisfying and Safer Model for Sexual Activity". American Journal of Sexuality Education. 8 (1–2): 80–96. doi:10.1080/15546128.2012.740965. ISSN 1554-6128. S2CID 218637782.
- Dreyfus, Carly (May 3, 2014). "To Slide or to Slice? Finding a Positive Sexual Metaphor". Scarleteen. Retrieved August 3, 2019.
External links
- Dale, David (2004-02-10). "Strike me lucky, it just isn't cricket". The Sun-Herald.