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{{Short description|American |
{{Short description|American sitcom (1983–1990)}} | ||
{{Use American English|date=January 2023}} | {{Use American English|date=January 2023}} | ||
{{Infobox television | {{Infobox television | ||
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| creator = ]<br/>] | | creator = ]<br/>] | ||
| director = ]<br/>]<br/>]<br/>] | | director = ]<br/>]<br/>]<br/>] | ||
| starring = ]<br/>]<br/>]<br/>]<br/>Eric Brown<br/> |
| starring = ]<br/>]<br/>]<br/>]<br/>Eric Brown<br/>Karin Argoud<br/>]<br/>]<br/>] | ||
| theme_music_composer = Music: ]<br/>Lyrics: Vicki Lawrence | | theme_music_composer = Music: ]<br/>Lyrics: Vicki Lawrence | ||
| opentheme = "Bless My Happy Home" | | opentheme = "Bless My Happy Home" | ||
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Two years after its cancellation, original series producer Joe Hamilton Productions (JHP) revived ''Mama's Family'' for new episodes in ] on local stations across the United States. The reincarnation, distributed by ], premiered on September 27, 1986.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.heyreverb.com/blog/2013/10/02/why-so-serious-vicki-lawrence/78488/ |title=Vicki Lawrence on the comedy legacy of "Mama's Family," now on DVD |publisher=Heyreverb.com |access-date=2013-10-05}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://blog.sitcomsonline.com/2013/09/seven-questions-with-vicki-lawrence-of.html|title=Seven Questions with Vicki Lawrence of Mama's Family; Charmed Coming to Lifetime to {{sic|Compli|ment|nolink=y|Expected=Complement}} Witches of East End, Project Runway All-Stars with Alyssa Milano – SitcomsOnline.com News Blog|work=sitcomsonline.com|access-date=11 May 2015}}</ref> The modified four-season series revival gained substantially higher ratings than its first incarnation, eventually becoming the highest-rated sitcom in first-run syndication, with its final episode airing on February 24, 1990. | Two years after its cancellation, original series producer Joe Hamilton Productions (JHP) revived ''Mama's Family'' for new episodes in ] on local stations across the United States. The reincarnation, distributed by ], premiered on September 27, 1986.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.heyreverb.com/blog/2013/10/02/why-so-serious-vicki-lawrence/78488/ |title=Vicki Lawrence on the comedy legacy of "Mama's Family," now on DVD |publisher=Heyreverb.com |access-date=2013-10-05}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://blog.sitcomsonline.com/2013/09/seven-questions-with-vicki-lawrence-of.html|title=Seven Questions with Vicki Lawrence of Mama's Family; Charmed Coming to Lifetime to {{sic|Compli|ment|nolink=y|Expected=Complement}} Witches of East End, Project Runway All-Stars with Alyssa Milano – SitcomsOnline.com News Blog|work=sitcomsonline.com|access-date=11 May 2015}}</ref> The modified four-season series revival gained substantially higher ratings than its first incarnation, eventually becoming the highest-rated sitcom in first-run syndication, with its final episode airing on February 24, 1990. | ||
The show's theme song is "Bless My Happy Home |
The show's theme song is "Bless My Happy Home", created as an '']'' by Lawrence. The show's producers chose to use an ] of Lawrence's song composed by ].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://findfactsabout.com/p/859427 |title=Interesting facts about Vicki Lawrence |publisher=Findfactsabout.com |access-date=2013-03-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029212448/http://findfactsabout.com/p/859427 |archive-date=2013-10-29 }}</ref> Disclosing the lyrics to the song as part of her ''Vicki and Mama: A Two Woman Show'' (untelevised stand-up comedy routine Lawrence has hosted as herself and Mama since 2001), Lawrence routinely performs the song in its original ''a cappella'' form.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Vicki Lawrence - Mama's Family Theme Song With Lyrics - Lorain Palace - 3/11/17|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PJawVWkn7WE |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211221/PJawVWkn7WE |archive-date=2021-12-21 |url-status=live|website=YouTube.com| date=12 March 2017 }}{{cbignore}}</ref> The lyrics were also featured in an advertisement for the show on ].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mama Sings the 'Mama's Family' Theme!|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1g3c-hhq-xw |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211221/1g3c-hhq-xw |archive-date=2021-12-21 |url-status=live|website=YouTube.com| date=3 March 2017 }}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref name="Vicki Lawrence2">{{cite news|url=http://www.vickilawrence.com/2woman2013.html|title=Vicki Lawrence and Mama: A Two Woman Show|access-date=December 17, 2021|work=The Broker Company|last=Lawrence|first=Vicki|location=United States}}</ref> | ||
==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
The show is set in the city of Raytown, which actress ] later revealed to be ], a suburb of ]<ref>{{cite book|last=Brooks|first=Marla |title=The American Family on Television: A Chronology of 121 shows, 1948–2004|year=2005|publisher=McFarland & Co.|isbn=0-7864-2074-X|page=141}}</ref> (although the script writing suggests the setting was Raytown, Mississippi, given the rural ] nature of the series). The television series revolves around the wacky misadventures of the Harper family, extended non-Harper family members and their neighbor friend in later seasons. Always at the center of all the trouble, turmoil and misunderstandings is head of the clan and matriarch ]—a thickset, gray-haired, purse-lipped, mid-to-late 60s widow who is portrayed as explosively quick-tempered, abrasive, and brash.<ref name="hollywoodreporter1">{{cite web|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/vicki-lawrence-reflects-mamas-family-621006 |title=Vicki Lawrence Reflects on 'Mama's Family' Legacy and Reveals Her Favorite Episodes (Q&A) |publisher=The Hollywood Reporter |date=2013-06-09 |access-date=2013-09-07}}</ref> | The show is set in the city of Raytown, which actress ] later revealed to be ], a suburb of ]<ref>{{cite book|last=Brooks|first=Marla |title=The American Family on Television: A Chronology of 121 shows, 1948–2004|year=2005|publisher=McFarland & Co.|isbn=0-7864-2074-X|page=141}}</ref> (although the script writing suggests the setting was Raytown, Mississippi, given the rural ] nature of the series). The television series revolves around the wacky misadventures of the Harper family, extended non-Harper family members and their neighbor friend in later seasons. Always at the center of all the trouble, turmoil and misunderstandings is head of the clan and matriarch ]—a thickset, gray-haired, purse-lipped, mid-to-late 60s widow who is portrayed as explosively quick-tempered, abrasive, and brash.<ref name="hollywoodreporter1">{{cite web|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/vicki-lawrence-reflects-mamas-family-621006 |title=Vicki Lawrence Reflects on 'Mama's Family' Legacy and Reveals Her Favorite Episodes (Q&A) |publisher=The Hollywood Reporter |date=2013-06-09 |access-date=2013-09-07}}</ref> | ||
Mama's snappy retorts and wisecracks are featured in a ] in which the final scene of each episode cuts to an exterior shot of her residence (1027 Montrose Avenue in South Pasadena, which was also the house of Lynda's character in the 1978 film '']''. The home was only featured briefly in the film where Lynda walks toward the front door<ref name="Limelight">{{cite news|url=https://limelightmagazine.com/2020/09/11/filminglocationspotlight-mamasfamily/|title=FILMING LOCATION SPOTLIGHT – "MAMA'S FAMILY"|access-date=January 18, 2022|work=]|date=September 11, 2020|location=United States}}</ref>) while Mama's voice is heard making a sharp or witty reply to whoever had previously spoken. This is then followed by audience laughter and ]. In spite of Thelma's derogatory attitude, regular ] and ], she is nurturing and obliging at heart, allowing family members to live off her in her home who would otherwise have no place to live, while also regularly cooking for and cleaning up after them.<ref name="hollywoodreporter1"/> |
Mama's snappy retorts and wisecracks are featured in a ] in which the final scene of each episode cuts to an exterior shot of her residence (1027 Montrose Avenue in South Pasadena, which was also the house of Lynda's character in the 1978 film '']''. The home was only featured briefly in the film where Lynda walks toward the front door<ref name="Limelight">{{cite news|url=https://limelightmagazine.com/2020/09/11/filminglocationspotlight-mamasfamily/|title=FILMING LOCATION SPOTLIGHT – "MAMA'S FAMILY"|access-date=January 18, 2022|work=]|date=September 11, 2020|location=United States}}</ref>) while Mama's voice is heard making a sharp or witty reply to whoever had previously spoken. This is then followed by audience laughter and ]. In spite of Thelma's derogatory attitude, regular ] and ], she is nurturing and obliging at heart, allowing family members to live off her in her home who would otherwise have no place to live, while also regularly cooking for and cleaning up after them.<ref name="hollywoodreporter1"/> | ||
==Network run (seasons 1–2)== | ==Network run (seasons 1–2)== | ||
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===Beginning the series=== | ===Beginning the series=== | ||
In the ninth season of ''The Carol Burnett Show'', producer ] wanted to spin off Mama into her own series, but Lawrence turned him down. She did not wish to wear a "fat suit portraying an old lady every week |
In the ninth season of ''The Carol Burnett Show'', producer ] wanted to spin off Mama into her own series, but Lawrence turned him down. She did not wish to wear a "fat suit portraying an old lady every week", and she had misgivings about playing the role without ] (who played Mama's son-in-law, ]) and ] (who played Mama's daughter ]) regularly by her side as in "The Family" sketches. Burnett and Korman told Lawrence that they would only appear as guest stars on the new series, and that it was Lawrence's time to shine and take what she had learned from ''The Carol Burnett Show'' and make it on her own. Shortly after the highly-rated '']'' TV movie, with continued urging by Korman and Burnett, Lawrence finally changed her mind and accepted the offer for her character's own sitcom.<ref name="Vicki Lawrence" /> | ||
The writers had created Raytown to be its own "cartoon-like" world outside of reality. Although the series was sold to NBC without a pilot, the network had its own requirements, such as having "normal" teenagers as seen in other sitcoms of the time, which is how the Buzz and Sonja characters came about.<ref>{{cite AV media |last=Hawkins |first=Rick |section=Rick Hawkins |title=Mama's Family The Complete 5th Season DVD}}</ref> However, Lawrence had a great deal of creative input and made many important decisions, including bringing in Korman very early on to co-direct the series. Lawrence objected to the original script of the episode "Mama Cries Uncle", in which Thelma's brother-in-law visits and the two supposedly wound up sleeping together: | The writers had created Raytown to be its own "cartoon-like" world outside of reality. Although the series was sold to NBC without a pilot, the network had its own requirements, such as having "normal" teenagers as seen in other sitcoms of the time, which is how the Buzz and Sonja characters came about.<ref>{{cite AV media |last=Hawkins |first=Rick |section=Rick Hawkins |title=Mama's Family The Complete 5th Season DVD}}</ref> However, Lawrence had a great deal of creative input and made many important decisions, including bringing in Korman very early on to co-direct the series. Lawrence objected to the original script of the episode "Mama Cries Uncle", in which Thelma's brother-in-law visits and the two supposedly wound up sleeping together: | ||
{{cquote|I went to the writers and I said, |
{{cquote|I went to the writers and I said, "I'm sorry, she is nothing if not ]. She would never sleep with her brother-in-law. I don't care how dead her husband is, This is wrong, wrong, wrong, wrong". Well, threw everything into a tizzy and Joe said, "Gotta listen to her," and they re-wrote the second half of the show.<ref name="Vicki Lawrence" />}} | ||
According to her autobiography, Lawrence had a problem with the decision to tape the series on Stage 33 at ], where ''The Carol Burnett Show'' was produced.{{citation needed|date=August 2017}} | According to her autobiography, Lawrence had a problem with the decision to tape the series on Stage 33 at ], where ''The Carol Burnett Show'' was produced.{{citation needed|date=August 2017}} | ||
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===Opening theme discrepancies=== | ===Opening theme discrepancies=== | ||
Korman appeared at the beginning of each episode as the stuffed shirt Alistair Quince (a parody of ]), who would soberly introduce the program in the style of '']''. |
Korman appeared at the beginning of each episode as the stuffed shirt Alistair Quince (a parody of ]), who would soberly introduce the program in the style of '']''.<ref name="Brooks and Marsh">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w8KztFy6QYwC&dq=%22Mama's+Family+Situation+Comedy%22&pg=PA843 |first1=Tim |last1=Brooks |author-link1=Tim Brooks (historian) |first2=Earle |last2=Marsh |year=2007 |edition=9 |title=The Complete Directory to Prime Time Network and Cable TV Shows 1946–Present |page=843 |publisher=Random House Publishing |location=New York |isbn=978-0-345-49773-4 |access-date=2024-06-04 }}</ref> These monologs were cut out of the later syndicated reruns. Korman also performed the voice of Thelma's unseen late husband, Carl, in flashback episodes. | ||
An extended version of the show's opening theme song, with repeated melodies, was used during the original NBC run, but was never used in reruns. | An extended version of the show's opening theme song, with repeated melodies, was used during the original NBC run, but was never used in reruns. | ||
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===Series rebirth=== | ===Series rebirth=== | ||
After ''Mama's Family'' was canceled by NBC in 1984, it was later relaunched in ] in 1986.<ref name="latimes">{{cite news|url= |
After ''Mama's Family'' was canceled by NBC in 1984, it was later relaunched in ] in 1986.<ref name="latimes">{{cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1986-09-26-ca-9172-story.html|title=THE FALL TV SEASON: TV REVIEWS|access-date=October 4, 2021|work=]|last=Margulies|first=Lee|date=September 26, 1986|location=United States}}</ref> ] had just merged with ] and were looking for new projects for the then newly commenced first-run syndication market.<ref name="latimes"/> After observing high ratings for NBC's ''Mama's Family'' in summer reruns, production staff decided that the show deserved a second chance and ordered 100 episodes for syndication.<ref name="Vicki Lawrence" /><ref>{{cite AV media |last=Lyman |first=Dorothy |section=Mama Knows Best: A Mama's Family Cast Reunion |title=Mama's Family The Complete 4th Season DVD}}</ref> Bubba, the son of Ed and Eunice, comes to live with Thelma after his parents move away.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://screenrant.com/cast-mamas-family-actors-still-alive/|title=The Cast Of Mama's Family: Which Actors Are Still Alive|last1=Bruce|first1=Amanda|last2=Norman|first2=Dalton|publisher=]|date=December 31, 2023}}</ref> | ||
===Plot details=== | |||
Since the original set had been destroyed, a new set had to be constructed. This led to some significant changes in ] details. Adjustments in the show's cast occurred as well, with only Vicki Lawrence (Thelma), Ken Berry (Vinton), and Dorothy Lyman (Naomi) returning as regulars from the original era of the sitcom. Vinton's kids from his first marriage, Buzz (Eric Brown) and Sonja (]), who were regulars in the show's first life, did not reprise their roles for the show's revival; their characters, though mentioned briefly in the first episode of the show's syndicated life, were never to be spoken of again. | |||
During the hiatus of the series, both ] and ] had gone on to star in the NBC sitcom '']'', rendering them unavailable to return. White, however, did return as Ellen for one episode in 1986 while Fran was killed off in the first episode of the revival. ] and ], meanwhile, did not reprise their roles either, resulting in their characters (Eunice and Ed Higgins) being written out as having moved to Florida. | |||
To fill the void left by Mama's grandchildren, ] was cast as Thelma's delinquent teenage grandson Bubba Higgins, Ed and Eunice's son. Bubba was ordered to live with his grandmother after being released from juvenile hall and placed on probation as Thelma was not pleased that Eunice and Ed forgot their own son. Also added to the cast was ], who played the new character of Iola Boylen, the family's wildly quirky and prissy neighbor and Mama's best friend. Her catchphrase was calling out "Knock, knock!" in place of ringing the doorbell. | |||
===Absence of Carol Burnett as the "Eunice" character=== | ===Absence of Carol Burnett as the "Eunice" character=== | ||
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===Series end=== | ===Series end=== | ||
After ''Mama's Family'' was picked up in first-run syndication, ratings for the series improved, becoming the highest-rated first-run program in syndication.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=E4A1AAAAIBAJ&pg=3590,4642751&dq=mama%27s+family+syndication&hl=en|title='Mama's Family' hits top in field in sitcom|date=19 July 1987|work=Eugene Register-Guard|page=8E|access-date=2 December 2012}}</ref> According to Ken Berry, Lawrence had seemingly grown tired of playing the "Mama" role by 1990 and wanted to end the show.<ref name="Mama's Family">{{cite web |url=https://interviews.televisionacademy.com/shows/mamas-family |title=Mama's Family |website=The Interviews: An Oral History of Television |date=22 October 2017 |access-date=16 March 2019}}</ref> According to Lawrence, who would reprise Mama on stage for many years thereafter, the series ended because it had reached the standard threshold of ], and the syndicator no longer needed to produce anymore, even though she would have wanted the show to continue.<ref name="Vicki Lawrence" /> |
After ''Mama's Family'' was picked up in first-run syndication, ratings for the series improved, becoming the highest-rated first-run program in syndication.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=E4A1AAAAIBAJ&pg=3590,4642751&dq=mama%27s+family+syndication&hl=en|title='Mama's Family' hits top in field in sitcom|date=19 July 1987|work=Eugene Register-Guard|page=8E|access-date=2 December 2012}}</ref> According to Ken Berry, Lawrence had seemingly grown tired of playing the "Mama" role by 1990 and wanted to end the show.<ref name="Mama's Family">{{cite web |url=https://interviews.televisionacademy.com/shows/mamas-family |title=Mama's Family |website=The Interviews: An Oral History of Television |date=22 October 2017 |access-date=16 March 2019}}</ref> According to Lawrence, who would reprise Mama on stage for many years thereafter, the series ended because it had reached the standard threshold of ], and the syndicator no longer needed to produce anymore, even though she would have wanted the show to continue.<ref name="Vicki Lawrence" /> | ||
==Cast and characters== | ==Cast and characters== | ||
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===Thelma Mae Crowley Harper (Mama)=== | ===Thelma Mae Crowley Harper (Mama)=== | ||
{{Main|Thelma Harper}} | {{Main|Thelma Harper}} | ||
Thelma Harper, better known as Mama, is the ] of ''Mama's Family'' and the widowed matriarch of a rural ] family.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nblCjFuz4zgC&q=Mama%27s+Family+Vicki+Lawrence+rural+southern&pg=PA11 |title=TVtherapy: The Television Guide to Life – Beverly West, Jason Bergund – Google Books |date= 18 December 2007|isbn=978-0-307-42342-9 |access-date=2013-03-09|last1=West |first1=Beverly |last2=Bergund |first2=Jason |publisher=Random House Publishing }}</ref><ref name="hollywoodreporter1"/><ref name="Ret Turner">{{cite web |url=https://interviews.televisionacademy.com/interviews/ret-turner |title=Ret Turner |website=The Interviews: An Oral History of Television |date=17 June 2003 |access-date=16 March 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=758mUmQxV6gC&q=Vicki+Lawrence+Mama%27s+orthopedic+shoes&pg=PA60 |title=Funny Ladies – Michael Karol – Google Books |date= March 2004|isbn=978-0-595-31299-3 |access-date=2013-03-09|last1=Karol |first1=Michael |publisher=iUniverse }}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DuoCAAAAMBAJ&q=Mama%27s+Family+Thelma+Harper&pg=PA96 |title=Indianapolis Monthly – Google Books |date= September 2003|access-date=2013-03-09}}</ref> In February 2013, Lawrence stated that "The Family" sketch version of Mama was created by writers (] and ]) who hated their mothers.<ref name="Vicki Lawrence" /><ref name="sitcomsonline1">{{cite web|author=Pavan -- SitcomsOnline.com |url=http://blog.sitcomsonline.com/2013/09/seven-questions-with-vicki-lawrence-of.html |title=Seven Questions with Vicki Lawrence of Mama's Family; Charmed Coming to Lifetime to Compliment Witches of East End, Project Runway All-Stars with Alyssa Milano – SitcomsOnline.com News Blog |publisher=Blog.sitcomsonline.com |date=2013-09-30 |access-date=2013-10-04}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://bostonglobe.com/arts/theater-art/2013/02/16/comedian-vicki-lawrence-talks-about-life-with-mama/DmsQJi117WETSn8gzyslMO/story.html |title=Comedian Vicki Lawrence talks about life with Mama – Theater & art |publisher=The Boston Globe |date=2013-02-16 |access-date=2013-02-27}}</ref> | |||
=== |
===Cast timeline=== | ||
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;" | |||
Thelma Harper, better known as Mama, is the ]/] of ''Mama's Family''. Despite the title of "Mama," few characters in the sitcom actually refer to Thelma as Mama. Thelma plays a variety of roles in the series, including grandmother, mother-in-law, sister, neighbor friend, and mother, depending on the supporting character in question. | |||
|- | |||
<!-- In first season opening credits order (with new main cast members at the bottom in their first season credits order)--> | |||
Thelma is the widowed matriarch of a rural ] family.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nblCjFuz4zgC&q=Mama%27s+Family+Vicki+Lawrence+rural+southern&pg=PA11 |title=TVtherapy: The Television Guide to Life – Beverly West, Jason Bergund – Google Books |date= 18 December 2007|isbn=978-0-307-42342-9 |access-date=2013-03-09|last1=West |first1=Beverly |last2=Bergund |first2=Jason |publisher=Random House Publishing }}</ref> She is an elderly country woman in her mid-to-late 60s, who speaks in a southern ].<ref name="hollywoodreporter1"/> Always active with housework and the nurturance of her family, Mama is usually seen cooking, cleaning, and providing (begrudgingly) support to her family. | |||
! scope="col" rowspan="2" | Actor | |||
! scope="col" rowspan="2" | Character | |||
====Appearance==== | |||
! scope="col" colspan="6" | Seasons | |||
Mama's appearance is based on that of a stereotypical elderly woman. She is a thickset, purse-lipped widow with silvery gray curls. All of her daytime outfits were short-sleeved, floral-print dresses with lace collars. Costumer ] color-coded Mama in flowery colors, mainly mixtures of blues, greens and lavenders.<ref name="Ret Turner">{{cite web |url=https://interviews.televisionacademy.com/interviews/ret-turner |title=Ret Turner |website=The Interviews: An Oral History of Television |date=17 June 2003 |access-date=16 March 2019}}</ref> As much of Mama's time was spent cooking and cleaning, she often wore overlapping ]s over her dresses. Mama's lower legs were always enveloped by visible support hose (a feature that was nonexistent during "The Family" sketches, but made its first appearance when she donned them during a segment of the 1973 ''Eunice'' movie).<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=758mUmQxV6gC&q=Vicki+Lawrence+Mama%27s+orthopedic+shoes&pg=PA60 |title=Funny Ladies – Michael Karol – Google Books |date= March 2004|isbn=978-0-595-31299-3 |access-date=2013-03-09|last1=Karol |first1=Michael |publisher=iUniverse }}</ref> For footwear, Mama regularly wore white orthopedic, colonial shoes that took an ].<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DuoCAAAAMBAJ&q=Mama%27s+Family+Thelma+Harper&pg=PA96 |title=Indianapolis Monthly – Google Books |date= September 2003|access-date=2013-03-09}}</ref> | |||
|- | |||
! scope="col" | 1 | |||
Mama regularly wore a few ], including a white ] necklace, white pearl earrings, and a ]. | |||
! scope="col" | 2 | |||
! scope="col" | 3 | |||
Mama's outerwear worn when visiting public venues always consisted of the same purple sweater, draped casually over her shoulders without arms in the sleeves; ]s made completely of ]; and a white purse, which she didn't hesitate to use as a weapon when given the opportunity. | |||
! scope="col" | 4 | |||
! scope="col" | 5 | |||
====Persona evolution==== | |||
! scope="col" | 6 | |||
In contrast to her more stereotypically elderly, dependent, invariably spiteful and cantankerous character on "The Family" skits, Mama's hostilities were significantly toned down in the sitcom's first life.<ref name="latimes"/> Though still cantankerous, the character expanded with wisecracks and humor, pesky antics, ] and ]. Mama's unseemliness and naivete were exemplified by her inability to drive (episode "]"); inability to act in socially acceptable ways in public and in the presence of guests (episodes "]", "]" and "]"); inability to hold jobs outside the home (episodes "]", "]" and "]"); etc. These characteristics often resulted in the humiliation or frustration of her loved ones. | |||
|- | |||
! scope="col" colspan="8" |''Starring''<ref name="hollywoodreporter1"/><ref name="Ret Turner" /><ref>{{cite web |url=https://interviews.televisionacademy.com/interviews/rue-mcclanahan |title=Rue McClanahan |website=The Interviews: An Oral History of Television |date=4 May 2006 |access-date=16 March 2019}}</ref> | |||
By the show's second life, Mama was no longer naive (Vinton overwhelmingly assumed this role) and far more capable of high spirits than ever before. This version of Mama had the fewest stereotypically elderly traits. She was dutiful in caring for her home, garden and family; independent; and active in the community along with best friend Iola Boylen. For example, Mama returned to high school and graduated (episodes "]," "]," and "]"); she was heavily involved in the Church Ladies League and at one point its president (episode "]"); Mama participated in dirty dancing (episode "]"); went on a trip (episode "]"), etc. Highlighting her much more relaxed nature during the syndicated seasons, Mama's main character trait during this time was her many fretful wisecracks, typically made in a high-pitched, whiny voice. Despite that, this era of Mama was more derogatory than ever; rough, abrasive and brash in manner; volatile and explosive in temper; and smart-mouthed with a proneness for making snappy retorts.<ref name="hollywoodreporter1"/> | |||
|- | |||
| scope="row" | ] | |||
Unlike the preceding sketch comedy and television movie, Thelma had many characteristic expressions on the program, ''"Good Lord!"'' being her most frequently used. She occasionally stated this in alternate ways, such as ''"Good Lord in heaven!"'' ''"Well Good Lord!"'' ''"Good heavens!"'' or ''"Good night Louise!"'' Among her additional expressions included ''"]!"'' ''"]!"'' ''"]!"'' "(insert the sender's claim or statement here) '']!"'' ''"Now hear this,"'' ''"God-awful,"'' ''"]!"'' ''"In a pig's ]!"'' ''"Shoot!"'' ''"For crying out loud!"'' ''"For pity's sake!"'' ''"For heaven's sake!"'' ''"Real good!"'' (sarcastically) etc. Disparaging and impudent, Thelma had a series of name-calling ]s she often used to refer to certain members of her family or her family as a whole, such as ''"Nitwit,"'' ''"Dimwit,"'' ''"Goon,"'' ''"Goober goon,"'' ''"Lamebrain,"'' ''"Dunce,"'' ''"Tramp,"'' ''"Floozy,"'' etc. | |||
| scope="row" | ] | |||
| colspan="6" {{cMain}} | |||
====Vicki Lawrence on evolution of Mama==== | |||
|- | |||
Vicki Lawrence has stated that at the beginning of ''Mama's Family'', she noticed that the writers had made adjustments to her character from "The Family" skits, significantly toning down Mama's hostilities and nastiness. Lawrence originally disapproved of the change in character, believing that toning down her then-familiar aggression and spite into a less difficult, more agreeable Mama, capable of humor and high spirits, would not be funny. | |||
| scope="row" | ] | |||
| scope="row" | Vinton Harper | |||
Lawrence has revealed, however, that after counsel from Harvey Korman that the character needed to be reshaped for sitcom television, she came to accept the adjustments made to "Mama". Korman suggested that Mama had to be less one-dimensionally hostile because the entire show would revolve around her—that more characteristics would need to be added into the mix. Korman's opinion was that people could not be expected to come home from work, pop a beer, and put up their feet to a character who was so one-dimensional; she would have to be more than just disagreeable for a whole half hour, or viewers would become bored after a while. According to Korman, silly elements needed to be added to the character. | |||
| colspan="6" {{cMain|Main}} | |||
|- | |||
Lawrence has stated that it took her a while to warm up to this, but that she later came to greatly appreciate how Mama "blossomed" and "matured" from her early years on "The Family". She added that she still favors the adjustments in Mama's character and partly credits Korman with who Thelma Harper is today. "The Family" sketch writers, however, who had based "The Family" characters on their own family members, disliked the less aggressive Mama designed for sitcom television. In February 2013, Lawrence also remarked that "The Family" sketch version of Mama was created by writers (] and ]) who hated their mothers.<ref name="Vicki Lawrence" /><ref name="sitcomsonline1">{{cite web|author=Pavan -- SitcomsOnline.com |url=http://blog.sitcomsonline.com/2013/09/seven-questions-with-vicki-lawrence-of.html |title=Seven Questions with Vicki Lawrence of Mama's Family; Charmed Coming to Lifetime to Compliment Witches of East End, Project Runway All-Stars with Alyssa Milano – SitcomsOnline.com News Blog |publisher=Blog.sitcomsonline.com |date=2013-09-30 |access-date=2013-10-04}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://bostonglobe.com/arts/theater-art/2013/02/16/comedian-vicki-lawrence-talks-about-life-with-mama/DmsQJi117WETSn8gzyslMO/story.html |title=Comedian Vicki Lawrence talks about life with Mama – Theater & art |publisher=The Boston Globe |date=2013-02-16 |access-date=2013-02-27}}</ref> Clair and McMahon also created and wrote for ''Mama's Family.'' | |||
| scope="row" | ] | |||
| scope="row" | Naomi Oates Harper | |||
===Family members and friends=== | |||
| colspan="6" {{cMain|Main}} | |||
{{see also|List of Mama's Family characters}} | |||
|- | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
| scope="row" | Eric Brown | |||
|- " | |||
| scope="row" | Vinton "Buzz" Harper Jr. | |||
! Character || Actor || Years || character rank || Description | |||
| colspan="2" {{cMain|Main}} | |||
| colspan="4" {{n/a|}} | |||
|- | |- | ||
| scope="row" | Karin Argoud | |||
|''']''' || ] || style="white-space:nowrap;"|1983–1984<br />1986–1990 || Regular character || The youngest of Thelma's three children. Dopey, buffoonish, and accident prone, Vint regularly makes a fool out of himself, particularly when he attempts to be assertive or knowledgeable. Vinton is a very nice guy, but also very immature.<ref name="hollywoodreporter1"/> He works at Kwik Keys as a ]. Vinton was color-coded in tan in a short-sleeved button-down shirt and pants.<ref name="Ret Turner" /> | |||
| scope="row" | Sonja Harper | |||
| colspan="2" {{cMain|Main}} | |||
| colspan="4" {{n/a|}} | |||
|- | |- | ||
| scope="row" | ] | |||
|''']''' || ] || 1983–1984<br />1986–1990 || style="white-space:nowrap;"| Regular character || Vinton's lascivious, demonstrative, and maritally flirtatious second wife, who is often at odds with Thelma over his loyalty, also in part for her salaciousness and many past marriages.<ref name="hollywoodreporter1"/> Naomi works as a checker (later becoming the assistant manager) at Food Circus, a local supermarket. Vinton's nickname for her is "Skeeter" while Mama's nickname for her is "tramp." While Naomi had straight hair in the show's first NBC incarnation, she sports curls in the show's second incarnation. Naomi was color-coded in yellow and habitually wore off-the-shoulder or ]es,<ref name="Ret Turner" /> which Thelma often referred to as "gaudy." | |||
| scope="row" | Frances Marie Crowley | |||
| colspan="2" {{cMain|Main}} | |||
| colspan="4" {{n/a|}} | |||
|- | |- | ||
| scope="row" | ] | |||
|style="white-space:nowrap;"|''']''' || Eric Brown || 1983–1984 || Regular character || Vint's teenage son with his first wife, Mitzi. Buzz is very cheerful, spirited, patient, and obliging. Buzz was last mentioned in "Farewell Frannie". | |||
| scope="row" | Iola Boylan | |||
| colspan="2" {{n/a|}} | |||
| colspan="4" {{cMain|Main}} | |||
|- | |- | ||
| scope="row" | ] | |||
|''']''' || ] || 1983–1984 || Regular character || Vint's teenage daughter with his first wife, Mitzi. Moody and lazy in the first season, she becomes interested in boys and civic affairs in the second, during which she is crowned Miss Rayteen 1984. Like Buzz, she later moved out and was last mentioned in "Farewell Frannie". | |||
| scope="row" | Bubba Higgins | |||
| colspan="2" {{n/a|}} | |||
| colspan="4" {{cMain|Main}} | |||
|- | |- | ||
! scope="col" colspan="8" |''Guest stars'' | |||
|''']''' || ] || 1983–1984<br />1986 || Recurring character || The eldest of Thelma's three children. Ellen is a self-centered, haughty, pretentious social elitist who avoids fraternizing with the rest of the family unless it suits her purpose. Her birthday is June 30. | |||
|- | |- | ||
| scope="row" | ] | |||
|''']''' || ] || 1983–1984 || Recurring character || The second of Thelma's three children. Seemingly always in the same green dress, Eunice is resentful, tempestuous, antagonistic and quarrelsome, constantly bickering with everyone in the family (especially her mother and sister Ellen). Her birthday is December 19. | |||
| scope="row" | ] | |||
| colspan="1" {{cRecurring}} | |||
| colspan="1" {{cGuest}} | |||
| colspan="4" {{n/a|}} | |||
|- | |- | ||
| scope="row" | ] | |||
|''']''' || ] || 1983–1984 || Recurring character || Eunice's mild-mannered, browbeaten husband. The Ed character was toned down from "The Family" sketches, where he was a fiercely ill-tempered man who regularly quarreled with his mother-in-law and Eunice, whom he later left. In ''Mama's Family'', however, they are only seen as a married couple. | |||
| scope="row" | Ed Higgins / Alistair Quince | |||
| colspan="2" {{cRecurring|Recurring}} | |||
| colspan="4" {{n/a|}} | |||
|- | |- | ||
| scope="row" | ] | |||
|''']''' || ] || 1986–1990 || Regular character || Ed and Eunice's son who lives with Thelma after being in ]. At first frisky, and in a band with friends Dwayne and T-Boy, he grew to be a calm and mature teen. He wore tight jeans. He wore suspenders at first and later sweatshirts.<ref name="hollywoodreporter1"/> | |||
| scope="row" | Ellen Harper-Jackson | |||
| colspan="2" {{cRecurring|Recurring}} | |||
| colspan="1" {{cGuest|Guest}} | |||
| colspan="3" {{n/a|}} | |||
|- | |- | ||
|''']''' ||style="white-space:nowrap;"| ] || 1983–1984 || Regular character || Thelma's younger, uncomfortable, and uptight spinster sister, a journalist and free-lance writer. She choked to death on a toothpick at the Bigger Jigger. McClanahan was unhappy with the role.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://interviews.televisionacademy.com/interviews/rue-mcclanahan |title=Rue McClanahan |website=The Interviews: An Oral History of Television |date=4 May 2006 |access-date=16 March 2019}}</ref> | |||
|-, | |||
|''']''' || ] || 1986–1990 || Regular character || The Harpers prissy but well-meaning neighbor, a spinster who gives them her odd ]s. She lives with her parents. Her best (and only) friend is Thelma. In her early seasons she was infatuated with Vint. Iola wore pink, usually ], ].<ref name="Ret Turner" /> | |||
|} | |} | ||
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*<span style="color:green;">Green</span> = Harper grandchildren | *<span style="color:green;">Green</span> = Harper grandchildren | ||
<small><nowiki>*Note: Thelma's mother was shown on two occasions on the show (once in a flashback and once as a ghost, played both times by Vicki Lawrence), but her name wasn't revealed. There were at least two Crowley brothers (mentioned in passing in "Double Standard" and "Mama with the Golden Arm"); one was named Clyde ("Pomp and Circumstance"). A cousin named Cora is seen in "There's No Place Like...No Place", and an Uncle Oscar is mentioned in "Mama Gets the Bird", but it is not known if he was from Thelma's side of the family or her husband Carl's. Eunice also mentions having a son named Billy, but Billy's whereabouts are unknown in Mama's Family. </nowiki></small> | <small><nowiki>*Note: Thelma's mother was shown on two occasions on the show (once in a flashback and once as a ghost, played both times by Vicki Lawrence), but her name wasn't revealed. There were at least two Crowley brothers (mentioned in passing in "Double Standard" and "Mama with the Golden Arm"); one was named Clyde ("Pomp and Circumstance"). A cousin named Cora is seen in "There's No Place Like...No Place", and an Uncle Oscar is mentioned in "Mama Gets the Bird", but it is not known if he was from Thelma's side of the family or her husband Carl's. Eunice also mentions having a son named Billy, but Billy's whereabouts are unknown in Mama's Family. </nowiki></small> | ||
==Recurring characters== | |||
*'''Carl Harper''', a predominantly ] (although once played by Ken Berry in ] scenes of the series finale), he is the deceased husband of Mama and father of Ellen, ], and Vinton. While he's occasionally made mention of especially by Thelma, he only appears in flashback episodes. Though even in flashbacks, he's unseen for the most part, as he's usually only portrayed in voice as a man who spent the vast majority of his life nested on the toilet in the bathroom with the door closed. In fact, Carl died on the toilet. He's characterized as a grouch who screams from the bathroom about how he doesn't want to be interrupted during his long hours on the toilet, even for emergencies. | |||
*'''Effie Crowley Harper''', Thelma's cousin (in season 2) and later her sister-in-law (in season 4), known for her ]s deceptively filled with ] bestowed to the family. She lives in nearby Ceciltown on a farm. Played by ]. | |||
*'''Reverend ]''', the Harpers' henpecked minister. Played by ]. | |||
*''']''', Reverend Meechum's stuck-up, catty wife and a perennial thorn in the side of Thelma Harper. Played by ] | |||
*''']''', the mayor of Raytown and Ellen's boyfriend. Played by ]. | |||
*'''Eddie Edwards''', a TV personality in Raytown, who hosts such programs as ''Good Morning, Raytown'' and the ''Grandma USA'' pageant. Played by Wayne Morton. | |||
*'''Clive Montaigne''', the head of the community theater, who fashions himself an actor just as important as actors in New York and London. The people in town treat him like a mini-celebrity, despite only running the community theater. Played by Rod McCary. | |||
*'''Luann Fayette''', Naomi Harper's flamboyant and flirtatious best friend. She is only seen once but mentioned several times. Played by Jennifer Richards. | |||
*'''Mr. and Mrs. Boylen''', Iola's elderly, predominantly unseen parents, who live across the street from Thelma. Not much is mentioned of her father, but her mother is often alluded to as a grotesquely large, temperamental, TV-watching ]. Although they are largely unseen, Mama once called out a greeting to an elderly woman living next to her whom she referred to as "Ms. Boylen." This was a brief moment from the episode "Mama Learns To Drive," from the show's first life (season 2), prior to the appearances of Iola. | |||
*'''Roselle Huplander''', an obese acquaintance of Thelma and Iola who is never seen. On a few occasions Thelma has spoken to her over the phone, but more often she is gossiped about by Thelma and Iola. Once, at a church fair, she gave Vint a black eye when he suggested that she weighed 309 pounds at the "Guess Your Weight" booth he was running. The character was named after the show's wig designer, Roselle Friedland. | |||
*'''Dwayne''' and '''T-Boy''', Bubba's best friends, played by Beau Bishop and ] respectively. More spoken of than ever seen. | |||
*'''Mr. Alan Hanson''', an intelligent, laid-back night-school teacher of Thelma and Bubba and love interest of Thelma Harper. Her relationship with him is unceremoniously discontinued in the series, however. Played by ]. | |||
*'''Amy Johnson''', girlfriend of Bubba Higgins. Played by Amy Benedict. | |||
*'''Lolly Purdue''', member and later president (succeeding Thelma) of the Church Ladies League. Revealed to be ]. Played first by Doris Hess, then ]. | |||
*'''Officer Sneed''', an extremely youthful-looking, strange police officer. Played by Allan David Fox. | |||
*'''Claude Cainmaker''', Vint's seedy friend, who is always thinking up schemes. Played by ]. | |||
*'''Alistair Quince''', the erudite host who introduced Mama's Family during the first and second seasons. The character was a takeoff on Alistair Cooke, who at the time introduced Masterpiece Theater each week on PBS. These intros were edited out when the show went into syndication but have been restored in the DVDs released by StarVista/Time Life. The character first appeared as Alistair Cookie on ''The Carol Burnett Show''. Played by ]. | |||
*'''Mama Crowley''' (played by Vicki Lawrence), Thelma's dearly departed mother, who only appeared in flashback sequences or by photo. She had a dismal, forbidding appearance, constantly grimacing and wearing nothing but dark, somber dresses. She first appeared in the first NBC incarnation of the show (episode "]") as a burly elderly woman with a surly nature. In this appearance, she spoke to a middle-aged Thelma over the phone. The conversation ended with Mama Crowley hanging up on Thelma, following Thelma's resentful protests against Mama Crowley's contemptuous remarks about her husband, Carl. Mama Crowley's second appearance was in the show's reincarnation in first-run syndication (episode "]"). In this appearance, Mama Crowley appeared as a slender ghost, haunting Mama. Taking on a menacing, overbearing, and harassing nature, she spent the entirety of the episode relentlessly criticizing, insulting, ordering about and hissing at Thelma. On more than one episode of the show's second life, Thelma alluded to needing forbearance in dealing with her mother's harassing, censorious nature growing up. For example, in the episode "]," Thelma visited a psychiatrist with Vinton and Naomi. During the session, she began ranting and raving about her childhood and her mother, even referring to Mama Crowley as a "complainful stubborn old biddy." Vinton has also described Mama Crowley as being "mean" in her treatment of him, Eunice, and Ellen when they were all children. | |||
*'''Church Ladies League''', also known as '''CLL'''. Their motto is "Gentle Helpers; Kind and Good" and First Lady ] served as the first president. Members include ], Lolly Purdue, ], Roselle Huplander, Inez, and Florence. The association was first mentioned in "Where's There's Smoke", when Mama was nominated for president of the Church Ladies League. It was mentioned later in the episodes "Reading the Riot Act", "Ladies Choice" and "Mama's Medicine Show". Their award bears the name "Church Ladies League Woman of the Year." | |||
==Episodes== | ==Episodes== | ||
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{{:List of Mama's Family episodes}} | {{:List of Mama's Family episodes}} | ||
Altogether, ''Mama's Family'' had six seasons consisting of 130 episodes. The show's first life consisted of |
Altogether, ''Mama's Family'' had six seasons consisting of 130 episodes. The show's first life consisted of 35 episodes, making for two seasons. The show's second life consisted of 95 episodes, making for four seasons. | ||
===Favorites of Vicki Lawrence=== | ===Favorites of Vicki Lawrence=== | ||
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==Syndication== | ==Syndication== | ||
After the series finale in 1990, the entire series (including the NBC episodes) was placed in off-network syndication, airing in most cities every weekday. ''Mama's Family'' also ran on ] from January 1997 until August 2006 premiering weekday mornings. In October 1998, TBS aired a full hour of Mama's Family weekday afternoons at 6:05 pm/et and then moved the show to 4:05pm/et in November 1998.<ref name=mamasfamilytv></ref> That same month, ] (formerly the PAX network) began airing reruns of the series. The show aired Monday through Friday at 8:00 to 9:00 pm from 2006 to 2008. ].<ref name=mamasfamilytv /> | After the series finale in 1990, the entire series (including the NBC episodes) was placed in off-network syndication, airing in most cities every weekday. ''Mama's Family'' also ran on ] from January 1997 until August 2006 premiering weekday mornings. In October 1998, TBS aired a full hour of ''Mama's Family'' weekday afternoons at 6:05 pm/et and then moved the show to 4:05pm/et in November 1998.<ref name=mamasfamilytv></ref> That same month, ] (formerly the PAX network) began airing reruns of the series. The show aired Monday through Friday at 8:00 to 9:00 pm from 2006 to 2008. ].<ref name=mamasfamilytv /> | ||
In December 2006, ] began re-airing the series.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cmtpress.com/pressreleases/details.cfm?PressReleaseID=1000135|title=CMT's PROGRAMMING HIGHLIGHTS FOR 12/25-12/31|date=2006-12-25|publisher=cmtpress.com|access-date=2 December 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111206155824/http://cmtpress.com/pressreleases/details.cfm?PressReleaseID=1000135|archive-date=2011-12-06}}</ref> | In December 2006, ] began re-airing the series.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cmtpress.com/pressreleases/details.cfm?PressReleaseID=1000135|title=CMT's PROGRAMMING HIGHLIGHTS FOR 12/25-12/31|date=2006-12-25|publisher=cmtpress.com|access-date=2 December 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111206155824/http://cmtpress.com/pressreleases/details.cfm?PressReleaseID=1000135|archive-date=2011-12-06}}</ref> | ||
On November 1, 2023, the free streaming service ] added all of the seasons of ''Mama's Family'' on their On Demand service, however as of January 3, 2024, it only offers the last three seasons.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://pluto.tv/en/on-demand/series/65415e288026ff001afa75d7/details/season/1|date=2024-01-03|access-date=4 January 2024 |title=Mama's Family on Pluto TV | Season 1 | TV-PG }}</ref> It also airs on the Pluto TV classic TV channel. The show also airs on ]. | |||
''Mama's Family'' currently airs on CMT ] and ]. | |||
On November 1, 2023, the free streaming service ] added all of the seasons of ''Mama's Family'' on their On Demand service, however as of January 3, 2024, it only offers the last three seasons.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://pluto.tv/en/on-demand/series/65415e288026ff001afa75d7/details/season/1|date=2024-01-03|access-date=4 January 2024 |title=Mama's Family on Pluto TV | Season 1 | TV-PG }}</ref> It also airs on the Pluto TV classic TV channel. | |||
==International versions== | ==International versions== | ||
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* {{The Interviews title|mamas-family}} | * {{The Interviews title|mamas-family}} | ||
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* {{epguides|id=MamasFamily}} | * {{epguides|id=MamasFamily}} | ||
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Latest revision as of 04:33, 9 January 2025
American sitcom (1983–1990)
Mama's Family | |
---|---|
Genre | Sitcom |
Created by | Dick Clair Jenna McMahon |
Directed by | Roger Beatty Harvey Korman Dick Martin Dave Powers |
Starring | Vicki Lawrence Ken Berry Dorothy Lyman Rue McClanahan Eric Brown Karin Argoud Betty White Beverly Archer Allan Kayser |
Theme music composer | Music: Peter Matz Lyrics: Vicki Lawrence |
Opening theme | "Bless My Happy Home" |
Country of origin | United States |
Original language | English |
No. of seasons | 6 |
No. of episodes | 130 (list of episodes) |
Production | |
Executive producer | Joe Hamilton |
Producers | Jim Evering Neil Lebowitz Dave Powers Fred Rubin Robert Wright |
Production locations | CBS Television City Hollywood, California (1983–84) Metromedia Square Hollywood, California (1986–90) |
Camera setup | Multi-camera |
Running time | 24–25 minutes (NBC episodes) 21–22 minutes (syndicated episodes) |
Production company | Joe Hamilton Productions |
Original release | |
Network | NBC (1983–1984) Syndicated (1986–1990) |
Release | January 22, 1983 (1983-01-22) – February 24, 1990 (1990-02-24) |
Related | |
Eunice |
Mama's Family is an American sitcom television series starring Vicki Lawrence as Mama (Thelma Harper). The series is a spin-off of a recurring series of comedy sketches called "The Family" featured on The Carol Burnett Show (1967–78) and Carol Burnett & Company (1979). The sketches led to the television film Eunice, and finally the television series.
Mama's Family aired on NBC, debuting on January 22, 1983. After several timeslot changes and a subsequent drop in ratings, the network cancelled the series; the final episode of this two-season NBC incarnation of the series aired on April 7, 1984. NBC broadcast reruns until September 1985, which unexpectedly performed well in ratings.
Two years after its cancellation, original series producer Joe Hamilton Productions (JHP) revived Mama's Family for new episodes in first-run syndication on local stations across the United States. The reincarnation, distributed by Lorimar-Telepictures, premiered on September 27, 1986. The modified four-season series revival gained substantially higher ratings than its first incarnation, eventually becoming the highest-rated sitcom in first-run syndication, with its final episode airing on February 24, 1990.
The show's theme song is "Bless My Happy Home", created as an a cappella by Lawrence. The show's producers chose to use an instrumental of Lawrence's song composed by Peter Matz. Disclosing the lyrics to the song as part of her Vicki and Mama: A Two Woman Show (untelevised stand-up comedy routine Lawrence has hosted as herself and Mama since 2001), Lawrence routinely performs the song in its original a cappella form. The lyrics were also featured in an advertisement for the show on MeTV.
Overview
The show is set in the city of Raytown, which actress Vicki Lawrence later revealed to be Raytown, Missouri, a suburb of Kansas City (although the script writing suggests the setting was Raytown, Mississippi, given the rural southern nature of the series). The television series revolves around the wacky misadventures of the Harper family, extended non-Harper family members and their neighbor friend in later seasons. Always at the center of all the trouble, turmoil and misunderstandings is head of the clan and matriarch Thelma Harper (Mama)—a thickset, gray-haired, purse-lipped, mid-to-late 60s widow who is portrayed as explosively quick-tempered, abrasive, and brash.
Mama's snappy retorts and wisecracks are featured in a running gag in which the final scene of each episode cuts to an exterior shot of her residence (1027 Montrose Avenue in South Pasadena, which was also the house of Lynda's character in the 1978 film Halloween. The home was only featured briefly in the film where Lynda walks toward the front door) while Mama's voice is heard making a sharp or witty reply to whoever had previously spoken. This is then followed by audience laughter and applause. In spite of Thelma's derogatory attitude, regular zingers and sarcasm, she is nurturing and obliging at heart, allowing family members to live off her in her home who would otherwise have no place to live, while also regularly cooking for and cleaning up after them.
Network run (seasons 1–2)
Beginning the series
In the ninth season of The Carol Burnett Show, producer Joe Hamilton wanted to spin off Mama into her own series, but Lawrence turned him down. She did not wish to wear a "fat suit portraying an old lady every week", and she had misgivings about playing the role without Harvey Korman (who played Mama's son-in-law, Ed Higgins) and Carol Burnett (who played Mama's daughter Eunice Higgins) regularly by her side as in "The Family" sketches. Burnett and Korman told Lawrence that they would only appear as guest stars on the new series, and that it was Lawrence's time to shine and take what she had learned from The Carol Burnett Show and make it on her own. Shortly after the highly-rated Eunice TV movie, with continued urging by Korman and Burnett, Lawrence finally changed her mind and accepted the offer for her character's own sitcom.
The writers had created Raytown to be its own "cartoon-like" world outside of reality. Although the series was sold to NBC without a pilot, the network had its own requirements, such as having "normal" teenagers as seen in other sitcoms of the time, which is how the Buzz and Sonja characters came about. However, Lawrence had a great deal of creative input and made many important decisions, including bringing in Korman very early on to co-direct the series. Lawrence objected to the original script of the episode "Mama Cries Uncle", in which Thelma's brother-in-law visits and the two supposedly wound up sleeping together:
I went to the writers and I said, "I'm sorry, she is nothing if not Bible Belt. She would never sleep with her brother-in-law. I don't care how dead her husband is, This is wrong, wrong, wrong, wrong". Well, threw everything into a tizzy and Joe said, "Gotta listen to her," and they re-wrote the second half of the show.
According to her autobiography, Lawrence had a problem with the decision to tape the series on Stage 33 at CBS Television City, where The Carol Burnett Show was produced.
Plot details
For 1½ seasons from 1983 through 1984, Mama's Family ran on NBC. In the series' first episode, Thelma Harper lives with her uncomfortable, uptight spinster sister Fran (Rue McClanahan), a journalist for a local paper. Thelma's son Vinton (whose wife Mitzi had left him to become a cocktail waitress in Las Vegas) arrives to inform Thelma that he and his two children, Sonja and Buzz, have been evicted from their home and need a place to stay. Much to Fran's chagrin, Thelma allows the trio to move in.
During the first season, Vinton forged a relationship with the Harpers' flirtatious next-door neighbor Naomi Oates, whom Thelma disliked, and soon married her. After selling Naomi's house and losing the money in a bad business deal, Naomi and Vint are forced to move into Thelma's basement, where they remain for most of the show's run. Also seen on a recurring basis were Thelma's two daughters: the snobbish Ellen (Betty White) and the ornery Eunice (Carol Burnett). Harvey Korman, who directed many of the earlier episodes, made featured appearances as Eunice's husband, Ed Higgins. (During the eleventh and final season of The Carol Burnett Show, the Ed Higgins character left Eunice and was written out of "The Family" skits.)
Opening theme discrepancies
Korman appeared at the beginning of each episode as the stuffed shirt Alistair Quince (a parody of Alistair Cooke), who would soberly introduce the program in the style of Masterpiece Theatre. These monologs were cut out of the later syndicated reruns. Korman also performed the voice of Thelma's unseen late husband, Carl, in flashback episodes.
An extended version of the show's opening theme song, with repeated melodies, was used during the original NBC run, but was never used in reruns.
The house and neighborhood shown in the opening credits differed between the original NBC run and the syndicated run (1027 Montrose Avenue in South Pasadena, which was also the house of Lynda's character in the 1978 film Halloween. The home was only featured briefly in the film where Lynda walks toward the front door), leading to discrepancies such as in the episode "Mama for Mayor", in which Mama is shown in front of a house similar to the one used in the original opening theme of the first two seasons, though there are noticeable differences as it's not the same house.
In 2013, StarVista Entertainment released the original NBC seasons with the Alistair Quince intros and original opening credits intact, except for two episodes in Season 1 ("Cellmates" and "Mama's Boyfriend"), as the master prints of those episodes are lost and were replaced by the syndicated version in the re-release.
Cancellation
While not a huge ratings success, the first season garnered solid enough numbers to justify being renewed for a second season. For instance, the premiere episode ranked #25 for the week with an 18.6 rating and a 28 share. However, during the second season, the show dropped out of the top 50 shows, losing share to CBS' hit Magnum, P.I. As a result, NBC canceled the series in May 1984.
First-run syndication (seasons 3–6)
Series rebirth
After Mama's Family was canceled by NBC in 1984, it was later relaunched in first-run syndication in 1986. Lorimar Television had just merged with Telepictures and were looking for new projects for the then newly commenced first-run syndication market. After observing high ratings for NBC's Mama's Family in summer reruns, production staff decided that the show deserved a second chance and ordered 100 episodes for syndication. Bubba, the son of Ed and Eunice, comes to live with Thelma after his parents move away.
Absence of Carol Burnett as the "Eunice" character
According to Lawrence's autobiography, Vicki!: The True-Life Adventures of Miss Fireball, Burnett resented Lawrence for accepting the role of Mama for first-run syndication with producer Joe Hamilton (who owned the Mama's Family characters). It was during this time that Burnett was involved in an acrimonious divorce from Hamilton, who produced both The Carol Burnett Show and Mama's Family. Burnett felt Lawrence had been disloyal to her and held a grudge against her until Hamilton's death in 1991. Sometime after Hamilton's death, Burnett and Lawrence reconciled. Lawrence's autobiography reads:
A funny thing happened the day I signed with Lorimar. Carol called and said, 'I think I'd like to put together maybe a little syndicated show with the family characters. I'll do Eunice, you do Mama. Doesn't that sound like fun?' I said, 'It does, but I just signed with Lorimar to do Mama's Family for Joe.' It became a very abrupt conversation, and Carol hung up. I then went to Al and asked him what he made of the whole thing. He agreed it was really weird. I wondered if I was about to get caught in the middle of yet another struggle between the two of them . . . During her divorce, Carol and I went through a 'cool' period. She 'divorced' everyone and remained distant for a lot of years. She called the house a few years ago. I was standing at the sink peeling carrots, fifteen feet from the phone, but Garrett got to it first and I only heard his half of the following conversation: 'Hello? Oh hi. Yeah, sure, he's in the other room, on the other line. You want me to tell him you're calling? My mom's here, you want to talk to her? No? Okay. Goodbye.' When he hung up I asked him who it was. 'Carol Burnett.' I was shocked. 'What did she say?' 'She didn't want to talk to you. She only wanted to talk to Dad.' Al called her back later that night, made a point of telling her how much we missed and loved her, and she told him, 'I'll be back. It's just going to take a while longer. Give me another year or so."
Series end
After Mama's Family was picked up in first-run syndication, ratings for the series improved, becoming the highest-rated first-run program in syndication. According to Ken Berry, Lawrence had seemingly grown tired of playing the "Mama" role by 1990 and wanted to end the show. According to Lawrence, who would reprise Mama on stage for many years thereafter, the series ended because it had reached the standard threshold of 100 episodes, and the syndicator no longer needed to produce anymore, even though she would have wanted the show to continue.
Cast and characters
Thelma Mae Crowley Harper (Mama)
Main article: Thelma HarperThelma Harper, better known as Mama, is the title character of Mama's Family and the widowed matriarch of a rural Southern family. In February 2013, Lawrence stated that "The Family" sketch version of Mama was created by writers (Dick Clair and Jenna McMahon) who hated their mothers.
Cast timeline
Actor | Character | Seasons | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | ||
Starring | |||||||
Vicki Lawrence | Thelma "Mama" Harper | Main | |||||
Ken Berry | Vinton Harper | Main | |||||
Dorothy Lyman | Naomi Oates Harper | Main | |||||
Eric Brown | Vinton "Buzz" Harper Jr. | Main | |||||
Karin Argoud | Sonja Harper | Main | |||||
Rue McClanahan | Frances Marie Crowley | Main | |||||
Beverly Archer | Iola Boylan | Main | |||||
Allan Kayser | Bubba Higgins | Main | |||||
Guest stars | |||||||
Carol Burnett | Eunice Harper Higgins | Recurring | Guest | ||||
Harvey Korman | Ed Higgins / Alistair Quince | Recurring | |||||
Betty White | Ellen Harper-Jackson | Recurring | Guest |
Harper family tree
Mama Crowley and Frank Crowley* | Mammy and Willie Harper | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Frances Crowley | Thelma Crowley | Carl Harper | Effie Harper | Roy Harper | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Bruce Jackson | Ellen Harper | Eunice Harper | Ed Higgins | Mitzi (div.) | Vinton Harper | Naomi Oates | Leonard Oates (div.) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Bubba Higgins | Sonja Harper | Vinton "Buzz" Harper, Jr. | Tiffany Thelma Harper | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
- Magenta = Crowleys
- Orange = Harpers
- Blue = Harper children
- Red = Harper in-laws
- Green = Harper grandchildren
*Note: Thelma's mother was shown on two occasions on the show (once in a flashback and once as a ghost, played both times by Vicki Lawrence), but her name wasn't revealed. There were at least two Crowley brothers (mentioned in passing in "Double Standard" and "Mama with the Golden Arm"); one was named Clyde ("Pomp and Circumstance"). A cousin named Cora is seen in "There's No Place Like...No Place", and an Uncle Oscar is mentioned in "Mama Gets the Bird", but it is not known if he was from Thelma's side of the family or her husband Carl's. Eunice also mentions having a son named Billy, but Billy's whereabouts are unknown in Mama's Family.
Episodes
Main article: List of Mama's Family episodesSeason | Episodes | First aired | Last aired | Network | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 13 | January 22, 1983 (1983-01-22) | May 7, 1983 (1983-05-07) | NBC | |
2 | 22 | September 29, 1983 (1983-09-29) | April 7, 1984 (1984-04-07) | ||
3 | 25 | September 27, 1986 (1986-09-27) | March 28, 1987 (1987-03-28) | Syndicated | |
4 | 25 | September 26, 1987 (1987-09-26) | March 26, 1988 (1988-03-26) | ||
5 | 25 | November 5, 1988 (1988-11-05) | May 27, 1989 (1989-05-27) | ||
6 | 20 | September 23, 1989 (1989-09-23) | February 24, 1990 (1990-02-24) |
Altogether, Mama's Family had six seasons consisting of 130 episodes. The show's first life consisted of 35 episodes, making for two seasons. The show's second life consisted of 95 episodes, making for four seasons.
Favorites of Vicki Lawrence
On September 30, 2013, Vicki Lawrence was asked what her favorite episodes of the series are:
- Lawrence answered that among the early seasons, her favorite is the episode "The Wedding (Part 2)." Her reason for favoring this episode is the big names featured in it. She listed Carol Burnett, Harvey Korman, Betty White, Ken Berry and Dorothy Lyman. In admiration, Lawrence remarked, "How much help does one girl get?" and "It's just an amazing supporting cast. Dear God, Carol was funny in that show!"
- Lawrence has described another favorite from the early seasons as the episode "Rashomama," which is a takeoff on the Japanese film Rashomon. The episode is about Mama getting hit with a kettle in the kitchen and it is her, Betty, Dorothy, and Carol. At the emergency room, the three of them all have different versions of what happened to Mama. Lawrence explained, "We redo the scene three different ways, and it's pretty funny."
- As other episode favorites, Lawrence has named "Family Feud" and "Mama on Jeopardy!" Lawrence stated she loved having this dysfunctional family sent out into the real world. In particular, she enjoyed the inclusion of game shows because "people know the format of these shows so perfectly, and to watch this crazy family get stuck in that format was really fun to me. Probably because I also love game shows so much."
- As another episode favorite, Lawrence named "The Love Letter." Stated Lawrence, "It was a great episode, a record-holder actually. I think Bubba writes a love letter for Vint, who is having some problems with Naomi. In the course of the 22-minute episode, everybody thinks that the love letter is meant for them. Mama thinks it is for her from the repair guy who is there. Iola is sure Vint has written it to her. The show actually ran 22 minutes with no costume changes or anything. I remember the night that we did it. We did it in 22 minutes and were out at 7:25, and our director said, 'Good night, you're done!'" Lawrence added, "Honestly, I have to say, by the time we finished the show, we had it down to a four-day workweek, so I kind of felt like we got paid to play dress up really."
Ratings
- Season 1: #59
- Season 2: #66
Home media
DVD information |
---|
Mama's Family—The Complete First Season
|
On September 26, 2006, Warner Bros. Television released season 1 of Mama's Family on DVD. The DVD release features the syndicated versions of the episodes, which edits roughly three minutes from what originally aired. Warner Bros. claimed to only own the rights to the syndicated form.
Due to issues relating to ownership rights between the show's production companies, Mama's Family for a long time had difficulties coming out on DVD, with only its first season available for many years.
However, in May 2013, it was announced that StarVista Entertainment would release all 6 seasons of the sitcom to DVD, as well as a complete series box set, which was available only through the StarVista website. Most of the original unedited versions, dubbed "The Joe Hamilton Cuts," were presented on DVD. Included with the package were extras of over 10 hours of bonus material, as well as a new cast reunion with Vicki Lawrence and the show's syndicated cast members. In addition, StarVista offered a "Signature" collection of the entire series, autographed by Vicki Lawrence, which was limited to 500 copies.
In the fall of 2013, Star Vista began releasing individual season sets, Seasons 1 & 2 were released on September 10, 2013, followed by season 3 on February 25, 2014. Season 4 was released on June 24, 2014, Season 5 on September 23, 2014 and the sixth and final season was released on February 10, 2015. In conjunction with the complete seasons, Star Vista released a "best-of" single-disc unit for each season. Selected by Vicki Lawrence, each release has 6 (season 1 has 7) of her personal favorite episodes from each season.
Release | Ep # | DVD release date | Bonus features |
---|---|---|---|
The Complete 1st Season | 13 | September 26, 2006 (re-released September 10, 2013) |
Featurette: Mama's Family Tree: The Branches (All About Eunice and Ellen) Family History: A Classic "Family" Sketch from The Carol Burnett Show, featuring Betty White |
The Complete 2nd Season | 22 | September 10, 2013 |
The original TV movie Eunice Featurette: Mama's Family Tree: The Roots (all about Mama and Fran) |
The Complete 3rd Season | 25 | February 25, 2014 |
Family History: A Classic "Family" Sketch from The Carol Burnett Show, featuring Maggie Smith Featurette: Mama's Family Tree: The Sprouts (All about Bubba) |
The Complete 4th Season | 25 | June 24, 2014 |
Featurette: Mama's Family Tree: The Neighbors (All about Iola) Interview: Beverly Archer (Iola Boylen) |
The Complete 5th Season | 25 | September 23, 2014 | Interviews: Vicki Lawrence |
The Complete 6th Season | 20 | February 10, 2015 | Interviews: Jim Evering |
Mama's Family: Mama's Favorites (Season 1) | 7 | September 10, 2013 | "Vint and the Kids Move In", "The Wedding, pt. 1", "The Wedding, pt. 2"; "Cellmates", "Family Feud", "Positive Thinking", "Mama's Boyfriend" |
Mama's Family: Mama's Favorites (Season 2) | 6 | September 10, 2013 | "Country Club", "Rashomama", "Aunt Gert Rides Again", "Mama Learns to Drive", "Mama Buys a Car", "Dear Aunt Fran" |
Mama's Family: Mama's Favorites (Season 3) | 6 | September 9, 2014 | "Soup to Nuts", "Cat's Meow", "Steal One, Pearl Two", "Where There's Smoke", "Birthright", "It Takes Two to Watusi" |
Mama's Family: Mama's Favorites (Season 4) | 6 | January 27, 2015 | "Zirconia's are a Girl's Best Friend", "Educating Mama", "The Sins of the Mother", "Mama on Jeopardy!", "Mama Goes Hawaiian, pt. 1", "Mama Goes Hawaiian, pt. 2" |
Mama's Family: Mama's Favorites (Season 5) | 6 | April 28, 2015 | "Naomi's New Position"; "The Really Loud Family", "Found Money", "Mama's Layaway Plan", "Mama in One", "Dependence Day" |
Mama's Family: Mama's Favorites (Season 6) | 6 | July 28, 2015 | "Mama Fights Back", "Bubba's House Band", "The Big Nap", "Pinup Mama", "Look Who's Breathing", "Bye-Bye Baby!" |
The Complete Series | 130 | September 10, 2013 (online exclusive) September 23, 2014 (retail release) |
Awards and nominations
Primetime Emmy Awards
Year | Category | Nominee(s) | Episodes(s) | Result |
---|---|---|---|---|
1983 | Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Costumes for a Series | Bob Mackie and Ret Turner | for ""The Wedding: Part 2" | Nominated |
1984 | Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Costumes for a Series | Bob Mackie and Ret Turner | for "Mama's Birthday" | Won |
1987 | Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Costumes for a Series | Bob Mackie and Ret Turner | for "The Love Letter" | Nominated |
TV Land Awards
Year | Category | Nominee(s) | Episodes(s) | Result |
---|---|---|---|---|
2004 | Favorite "Big, Bad Momma" | Vicki Lawrence | N/A | Won |
Young Artist Awards
Year | Category | Nominee(s) | Episodes(s) | Result |
---|---|---|---|---|
1984 | Best Young Actress in a Comedy Series | Karin Argoud | N/A | Nominated |
Best Young Actor in a Comedy Series | Eric Brown | N/A | Nominated | |
1985 | Best Young Actress – Guest in a Television Series | Tanya Fenmore | for "Mama's Birthday" | Nominated |
Best Young Actor – Guest in a Television Series | David Friedman | for "Mama's Birthday" | Nominated | |
1989 | Best Young Actor Guest Starring in a Syndicated Comedy, Drama or Special | Ryan Bollman | for "Child's Play" | Nominated |
Best Young Actor Guest Starring in a Drama or Comedy Series | Allan Kayser | N/A | Nominated |
Syndication
After the series finale in 1990, the entire series (including the NBC episodes) was placed in off-network syndication, airing in most cities every weekday. Mama's Family also ran on TBS from January 1997 until August 2006 premiering weekday mornings. In October 1998, TBS aired a full hour of Mama's Family weekday afternoons at 6:05 pm/et and then moved the show to 4:05pm/et in November 1998. That same month, ION Television (formerly the PAX network) began airing reruns of the series. The show aired Monday through Friday at 8:00 to 9:00 pm from 2006 to 2008. ET.
In December 2006, CMT began re-airing the series.
On November 1, 2023, the free streaming service Pluto TV added all of the seasons of Mama's Family on their On Demand service, however as of January 3, 2024, it only offers the last three seasons. It also airs on the Pluto TV classic TV channel. The show also airs on Catchy Comedy.
International versions
An Italian version called La mamma è sempre la mamma (Mom is always mom) aired on Odeon TV in 1988.
Post-television show appearances of Thelma Harper/Mama
- Vicki Lawrence has been reprising her role of Mama in her untelevised touring stage show, entitled Vicki Lawrence and Mama: A Two-Woman Show. In the show, Lawrence first performs stand-up comedy as herself, then comes out in character as Mama, giving her opinions on modern-day topics. During the break between the two acts, the audience is shown bloopers from the syndicated seasons of the series. Lawrence also sings the lyrics she wrote for "Bless My Happy Home," the show's theme song, which were omitted from the version used on-air.
- Lawrence has also appeared in her Mama role on several Halloween-themed episodes of the 1998–2004 run of Hollywood Squares with Tom Bergeron at the helm.
- Lawrence appeared on RuPaul's Drag Race in the "All-Stars" season as Mama in the skit "RuPaul's Gaff-In."
- Lawrence appeared on The Queen Latifah Show as Mama the Monday after Mother's Day 2014 in a comical skit that aired prior to each commercial break. Lawrence also appeared on the show 8 days later alongside two other well-known actresses to speak about her role of Mama and her personal life.
- Lawrence resurrected the character in promos for reruns of Mama's Family on the MeTV channel in 2015–2016.
- Lawrence resurrected the character during the 2015 and 2016 TV seasons of The Doctors, where she talked about health-related issues.
References
- ^ "Vicki Lawrence". The Interviews: An Oral History of Television. 22 October 2017. Retrieved March 16, 2019.
- "Vicki Lawrence on the comedy legacy of "Mama's Family," now on DVD". Heyreverb.com. Retrieved 2013-10-05.
- "Seven Questions with Vicki Lawrence of Mama's Family; Charmed Coming to Lifetime to Compliment [sic] Witches of East End, Project Runway All-Stars with Alyssa Milano – SitcomsOnline.com News Blog". sitcomsonline.com. Retrieved 11 May 2015.
- "Interesting facts about Vicki Lawrence". Findfactsabout.com. Archived from the original on 2013-10-29. Retrieved 2013-03-09.
- "Vicki Lawrence - Mama's Family Theme Song With Lyrics - Lorain Palace - 3/11/17". YouTube.com. 12 March 2017. Archived from the original on 2021-12-21.
- "Mama Sings the 'Mama's Family' Theme!". YouTube.com. 3 March 2017. Archived from the original on 2021-12-21.
- Lawrence, Vicki. "Vicki Lawrence and Mama: A Two Woman Show". The Broker Company. United States. Retrieved December 17, 2021.
- Brooks, Marla (2005). The American Family on Television: A Chronology of 121 shows, 1948–2004. McFarland & Co. p. 141. ISBN 0-7864-2074-X.
- ^ "Vicki Lawrence Reflects on 'Mama's Family' Legacy and Reveals Her Favorite Episodes (Q&A)". The Hollywood Reporter. 2013-06-09. Retrieved 2013-09-07.
- ^ "FILMING LOCATION SPOTLIGHT – "MAMA'S FAMILY"". Limelight. United States. September 11, 2020. Retrieved January 18, 2022.
- Hawkins, Rick. "Rick Hawkins". Mama's Family The Complete 5th Season DVD.
- Brooks, Tim; Marsh, Earle (2007). The Complete Directory to Prime Time Network and Cable TV Shows 1946–Present (9 ed.). New York: Random House Publishing. p. 843. ISBN 978-0-345-49773-4. Retrieved 2024-06-04.
- Lewis, Dan (1983-04-23). "A shaky reunion for 'Mama's Family'". Merced Sun-Star. p. 12. Retrieved 2 December 2012.
- ^ Margulies, Lee (September 26, 1986). "THE FALL TV SEASON: TV REVIEWS". The Los Angeles Times. United States. Retrieved October 4, 2021.
- Lyman, Dorothy. "Mama Knows Best: A Mama's Family Cast Reunion". Mama's Family The Complete 4th Season DVD.
- Bruce, Amanda; Norman, Dalton (December 31, 2023). "The Cast Of Mama's Family: Which Actors Are Still Alive". Screen Rant.
- "Humor Helps Carol Burnett Cope – ABC News". Abcnews.go.com. Retrieved 2013-03-01.
- Lawrence, Vicki; Eliot, Marc (1995). Vicki!: The True-Life Adventures Of Miss Fireball. Simon & Schuster. p. 164. ISBN 0-684-80286-4.
- "'Mama's Family' hits top in field in sitcom". Eugene Register-Guard. 19 July 1987. p. 8E. Retrieved 2 December 2012.
- "Mama's Family". The Interviews: An Oral History of Television. 22 October 2017. Retrieved 16 March 2019.
- West, Beverly; Bergund, Jason (18 December 2007). TVtherapy: The Television Guide to Life – Beverly West, Jason Bergund – Google Books. Random House Publishing. ISBN 978-0-307-42342-9. Retrieved 2013-03-09.
- ^ "Ret Turner". The Interviews: An Oral History of Television. 17 June 2003. Retrieved 16 March 2019.
- Karol, Michael (March 2004). Funny Ladies – Michael Karol – Google Books. iUniverse. ISBN 978-0-595-31299-3. Retrieved 2013-03-09.
- Indianapolis Monthly – Google Books. September 2003. Retrieved 2013-03-09.
- ^ Pavan -- SitcomsOnline.com (2013-09-30). "Seven Questions with Vicki Lawrence of Mama's Family; Charmed Coming to Lifetime to Compliment Witches of East End, Project Runway All-Stars with Alyssa Milano – SitcomsOnline.com News Blog". Blog.sitcomsonline.com. Retrieved 2013-10-04.
- "Comedian Vicki Lawrence talks about life with Mama – Theater & art". The Boston Globe. 2013-02-16. Retrieved 2013-02-27.
- "Rue McClanahan". The Interviews: An Oral History of Television. 4 May 2006. Retrieved 16 March 2019.
- "Chat transcripts with Warner Home Video TV and Animation". Retrieved 2007-10-18.
- "Mama's Family DVD news: DVD Plans for Mama's Family". TVShowsOnDVD.com. 2007-05-25. Archived from the original on 2013-06-07. Retrieved 2013-05-31.
- "Mama's Family DVD news: Press Release for The Complete 1st Season and The Complete 2nd Season - TVShowsOnDVD.com". tvshowsondvd.com. Archived from the original on 7 February 2015. Retrieved 11 May 2015.
- "Mama's Family DVD news: Release Date for Mama's Family - The Complete 3rd Season - TVShowsOnDVD.com". tvshowsondvd.com. Archived from the original on 7 February 2015. Retrieved 11 May 2015.
- "Mama's Family DVD news: Press Release for Mama's Family - The Complete 4th Season - TVShowsOnDVD.com". tvshowsondvd.com. Archived from the original on 7 February 2015. Retrieved 11 May 2015.
- "Mama's Family DVD news: Release Date for The Complete 5th Season and The Complete Collection - TVShowsOnDVD.com". tvshowsondvd.com. Archived from the original on 7 February 2015. Retrieved 11 May 2015.
- "Mama's Family DVD news: Press Release for Mama's Family - The Complete 6th Season - TVShowsOnDVD.com". tvshowsondvd.com. Archived from the original on 30 December 2014. Retrieved 11 May 2015.
- ^ Televisionhits.com: Mama's Family Schedule
- "CMT's PROGRAMMING HIGHLIGHTS FOR 12/25-12/31". cmtpress.com. 2006-12-25. Archived from the original on 2011-12-06. Retrieved 2 December 2012.
- "Mama's Family on Pluto TV | Season 1 | TV-PG". 2024-01-03. Retrieved 4 January 2024.
- "METV Promos BTS". MeTV. Archived from the original on 2016-06-10. Retrieved 1 June 2016.
Bibliography
- Mama for President: Good Lord, Why Not?, by Thelma Harper, as told to Vicki Lawrence and Monty Aidem, Thomas Nelson, 2008. ISBN 978-1-4016-0409-7
- "Mama's Family": The Unofficial Episode Viewing Guide, by Andrew Whitenack, ANDDAR Publications, 2011. ISBN 1-4662-9210-5
External links
- Mama's Family at IMDb
- Mama's Family at The Interviews: An Oral History of Television
- Mama's Family at epguides.com
The Carol Burnett Show | |
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Sketches | |
Characters | |
Related shows |
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Films and TV shows based on sketches |
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Episodes |
- 1983 American television series debuts
- 1984 American television series endings
- 1986 American television series debuts
- 1990 American television series endings
- 1980s American multi-camera sitcoms
- 1990s American multi-camera sitcoms
- American television spin-offs
- American English-language television shows
- First-run syndicated sitcoms
- Television series about dysfunctional families
- Television series about single parent families
- Television series by Warner Bros. Television Studios
- American television series revived after cancellation
- Television series based on comedy sketches
- Television shows set in Missouri
- Television series by Lorimar-Telepictures
- The Carol Burnett Show
- NBC sitcoms