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{{Short description|Muslim community in Uttar Pradesh, India}} | {{Short description|Muslim community in Uttar Pradesh, India}} | ||
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| image = | | image = | ||
| caption = | | caption = | ||
| population = | |||
| population = 4,997,000<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.joshuaproject.net/retry|title=Try Again | Joshua Project|website=www.joshuaproject.net}}</ref> | |||
| popplace = India (] and ]), | | popplace = India (] and ]), | ||
| langs = ] (], ], ]) • ] • ] • ] | | langs = ] (], ], ]) • ] • ] • ] | ||
| rels = |
| rels = Islam | ||
| native_name = | | native_name = | ||
| native_name_lang = | | native_name_lang = | ||
| related_groups = ], ] | | related_groups = ], ] and the ] | ||
}} | }} | ||
The '''Pathans''' are an ] community of ] descent in the ] state in |
The '''Pathans''' are an ] community of ] descent in the ] state in India<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vkkK6SZOo_gC&dq=uttar+pradesh+indian+pathans&pg=PA1139 |title=People of India: The Communities: Nai-Yadav. Bio-Anthropological Indormation. Glossary. Select Bibliography. Maps. Index |author=Amir Hasan, Anthropological Survey of India, Baqr Raza Rizvi, J. C. Das, K. S. Singh |publisher=Anthropological Survey of India |date=February 27, 2019 |isbn=9788173041143 }}</ref> who form one of the largest Muslim communities in the state with a population of 5-6 million and 2.9% of the total population of Uttar Pradesh <ref>{{cite book |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=ShFPAQAAIAAJ&q=pathans+indian+muslim+community|title= Religions of IndiaA Multidimentional Study|quote=A well known Indian Muslim community is Pathan |page=36 |isbn= 9788178845340|last1= Shaji|first1= U. S.|year= 2010|publisher= Cyber Tech Publications}}</ref> They are also known as ''Khans'' which is a commonly used surname amongst them; although not all those who use the surname are Pathans, for example the ] community of eastern ] are also commonly known as Khan. The phrase ''Pathan Khanzada'' is used to describe Muslim warrior groups, found mainly in ], who have been absorbed into the Pathan community. There are communities of partial ] ancestry in the ] region and in parts of the ] and ] regions, such as the agrarian ] community.{{cn|date=October 2023}} | ||
] | |||
==History== | ==History== | ||
The Pathan are divided into sixteen groupings, who generally take their name from the ancestral ]. These include the ], ], Dustukhel, Luni (Miani), ], Bakarzai, ], ], ], ], Ghorghushti, Toia Mehsud Khel, ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], Sultani and ], all of which are well known Pashtun tribes. A further differentiation exists based on an identity known as the qabila or ], based on territorial subgroupings and community ties.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vkkK6SZOo_gC&dq=uttar+pradesh+indian+pathans&pg=PA1139 |title=People of India: The Communities: Nai-Yadav. Bio-Anthropological Indormation. Glossary. Select Bibliography. Maps. Index |author=Amir Hasan |year=2005 |publisher=Anthropological Survey of India |page=1139 |isbn=9788173041143 }}</ref> | |||
Many ] emigrated from their homeland of ] to what is now northern ] during the ]. Many of them were traders, soldiers and civil servants during the ] era.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.khyber.org/articles/2007/Study_of_the_Pathan_Communitie.shtml|title=Study of the Pathan Communities in Four States of India|website=www.khyber.org}}</ref> A process of indigenization has occurred, and the Pathan community became indistinguishable from neighbouring Muslim communities due to social factors such as assmilation as well as intermarriage with the local castes. They now speak Hindustani (Khari Boli) as well as various localised dialects of the language such as Awadhi, Braj Bhasha and Kannauji and are found throughout Uttar Pradesh with settlements in Moradabad, Farrukhabad, Hathras, ] and a dense population of them found in the Rohillkhand region. In addition, a significant amount of them are found in parts of Azamgarh, Sultanpur and Jaunpur. | |||
The Pathan are divided into sixteen groupings, who generally take their name from the ancestral Pashtun tribes. These include the Bangash, Afridi, Dustukhel, Tanoli, Luni (Miani), Jadoon, Bakarzai, Barech, Daudzai, Dilazak, Durrani, Ghorghushti, Toia Mehsud Khel, Ghori, Khalil, Lodi, Mohmand, Mohammadzai, Orakzai, Rohilla, Sherwani, Suri, Sultani and Yousafzai, all of which are well known Pashtun tribes. A further differentiation exists based on an identity known as the qabila or ], based on territorial subgroupings and community ties.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vkkK6SZOo_gC&dq=uttar+pradesh+indian+pathans&pg=PA1139 |title=People of India: The Communities: Nai-Yadav. Bio-Anthropological Indormation. Glossary. Select Bibliography. Maps. Index |author=Amir Hasan |year=2005 |publisher=Anthropological Survey of India |page=1139 |isbn=9788173041143 }}</ref> | |||
==Pathans in Western Uttar Pradesh== | ==Pathans in Western Uttar Pradesh== | ||
The Pathans of the Barah-Basti villages of Bulandshahr produced a large number of volunteers who joined the British ], many of whom rebelled during the ] under Abdul Latif Khan of Khanpur and Walidad Khan of Malagarh.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TxbjAAAAMAAJ&q=pathan+basti+irregular+cavalry |title=Bengal, Past & Present:Journal of the Calcutta Historical Society · Volume 86 |page=47 |date=1967 |publisher=Calcutta Historical Society }}</ |
The Pathans of the Barah-Basti villages of Bulandshahr produced a large number of volunteers who joined the British ], many of whom rebelled during the ] under Abdul Latif Khan of Khanpur and Walidad Khan of Malagarh.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TxbjAAAAMAAJ&q=pathan+basti+irregular+cavalry |title=Bengal, Past & Present:Journal of the Calcutta Historical Society · Volume 86 |page=47 |date=1967 |publisher=Calcutta Historical Society }}</ref>{{full|date=October 2023}} | ||
==Pathans of Aliganj and Kasganj== | |||
=== Pathans of Lucknow District === | |||
The district of ] is a home to a number of Pathan communities, most found in towns referred to locally as kasbas, such as ]. In the city of ], there are communities of ]s, ], ]s, ], ] and Ghori Pathans. While in the district, the Pathans are found mainly in the kasbas of Malihabad, Mirzaganj, Bhaktiyarnagar, Khalispur, Malakpur Badi Garhi, Rasoolpur and Garhi Sanjar Khan. Unlike other Uttar Pradesh Pathans who are predominantly ], a large significant number are ]. Among the oldest settlers are the Bazid Khel Pathans of Jowaki Division of Adam Khel clan who are an Afridi tribe from Kohat mentioned in several historical records including the ''Gazetteer of the Kohat District'', published in 1883–84.<ref>''Gazetteer of the Kohat District'', 1883-84</ref> | |||
The Garhi Sanjar Pathans belong to the Amazai clan of the ] tribe. They claim descent from Daler Khan Amazai, who arrived in Awadh in 1656. Daler Khan, also known as Jalal Khan Jadoon, was appointed governor of Awadh. Daler Khan brought with him two brothers, Kawal Khan and Khan Bahadur Khan. They settled initially in Bulakinager, while the son of Khan Bahadur Khan, Sarmast Khan founded the settlement of Garhi Sanjar Khan. The Jadoons are now found mainly in Bulakanagar, Bhakitiyarnagar, and Garhu Sanjar Khan.<ref name="HRNeville_Gazetteer">''A Gazetteer of Lucknow District Volume XXXVII: Gazetteers of the United Provinces'' edited by H. R Neville</ref> | |||
The ]s of Khalispur claim descent from Yousaf Khan Qandhahari, who settled during the rule of ], who was the grandson of Yahya Khan, who was one of the brothers of the King of Afghanistan, Mir Wais Hotak and Yusuf Khan was the real son-in-law of Mir Wais Hotak. Yusuf Khan was granted the village of Khalispur as an ]. He is said to have brought his kinsmen from present-day ], and a village now contains a large settlement of Durranis.<ref name="HRNeville_Gazetteer"/> | |||
In neighbouring ], the town of Fatehpur is also an important centre of the Pathans in Awadh. The town was founded by a Fateh Khan, who was a Pathan, in 1321. As a frontier settlement, with the countryside still held by ] chiefs, Fateh Khan established a colony of Pathans. They belong mainly to the Yousafzai and Lodi tribes. In addition to the Fatehpur Pathans, there are also settlements in Ramsanehighat tehsil, belonging mainly to the Afridi and Shinwari tribe.<ref name="HRNeville_Gazetteer"/> | |||
== Pathans of Awadh == | |||
In ], there are two distinct settlements of Pathans, those in ], and a second settlement in ]. The ] Pathan settlement arose out of the fact that the district formed part of the ] ]i, an important Pathan state in eastern ]. While the settlement in ] arose out families that settled in the region because they were in service of the ]. Many of the ] Pathans are ].<ref>Tribes and Castes of the North Western Provinces and Oudh by William Crook Volume IV</ref>{{better source|date=August 2019}} | |||
=== Pathans of Lucknow District === | |||
The district of ] is a home to a number of Pathan communities, most found in towns referred to locally as qasbas, such as ]. In the city of ], there are communities of ]s, ] ]s, ], ] and ]. While in the district, the Pathans are found mainly in the qasbas of ],Mirzaganj,Bhaktiyarnagar, Khalispur, Malakpur badi garhi, rasoolpur and Garhi Sanjar Khan. Mohammad Azeem Khan and their sons Mohammad Waseem Khan, Mohammad Naseem Khan, Mohammad Faheem Khan and Mohammad Qaseem Khan some Great Pathans of Rasoolpur. Unlike other ] Pathans, a significant numbers are ] ]s. Among the oldest settlers are the Bazid khel Pathans of Jowaki Division of Adam Khel clan who are an Afridi Tribe from Kohat mentioned in several historical records including the Gazetteer of the Kohat District, published in 1883-84.<ref>Gazetteer of the Kohat District, 1883-84</ref> | |||
The Garhi Sanjar Pathans belong to the Amazai clan of the ] tribe. They claim descent from Daler Khan Amazai, who arrived in ] in 1656. Daler Khan, also known as Jalal Khan Jadoon, was appointed governor of ]. Daler Khan brought with him two brothers, Kawal Khan and Khan Bahadur Khan. They settled initially in Bulakinager, while the son of Khan Bahadur Khan, Sarmast Khan founded the settlement of Garhi Sanjar Khan. The ]s are now found mainly in Bulakanagar, Bhakitiyarnagar, and Garhu Sanjar Khan<ref name="HRNeville_Gazetteer">A Gazetteer of Lucknow District Volume XXXVII: Gazetteers of the United Provinces edited by H. R Neville</ref> | |||
The ] Pathan belong mainly to the Jowaki Khel Afridis and ] tribe, and were settled in the district during the rule of ] ]. Their ancestor was Faqir Mohammad Khan, who sought service under the ]. He brought with him members of his tribe, and they now form an important element in ]’s ] population. | |||
The ]s of Khalispur claim descent from Yousaf Khan Qandhahari, who settled during the rule o ]., who was the grandson of Yahiya khan which was the real brother of king of Afghnistan Mir Wais Hotak and Yusuf Khan was the real son- in- law of Mir Wais Hotak. Yusuf khan was granted the village of Khalispur as an ]. He is said to have brought his kinsmen from present ], and village now contains a large settlement of Duranis.<ref name="HRNeville_Gazetteer"/> Hotak Gilzai Pathan are alsettled in Allupur , Habibpur and Malihabad mainly Abdul Hameed Khan and his eight sons are lives in Malihabad and they are Hotak Ghilzai and their ancestor was Shah Hussain Ghori and his wife BIBI Matto are called Qandhari Pathan in Malihabad. | |||
In neighbouring ], the town of Fatehpur is also an important centre of the Pathans in ]. The town was founded by a Fateh Khan, who was a Pathan, in 1321. As a frontier settlement, with the countryside still held by ] chiefs, Fateh Khan established a colony of Pathans. They belong mainly to the ] and ] tribes. In addition to the Fatehpur Pathans, there are also settlements in Ramsanehighat tehsil, belonging mainly to the Afridi and ] tribe.<ref>A Gazetteer of Barabanki District Volume XLVIII: Gazetteers of the United Provinces edited by H. R Neville</ref> | |||
=== Pathans of Saidpur Ruduali === | |||
In Saidpur District there is a lot of Pathan in Saipur Rudauli, there is a mohalla named Pathan Tola. the famous Pathan of Saipur Ruaduli Mohammed Puttu Khan. | |||
=== Pathans of Bahraich Gonda and Balrampur District === | |||
The other important Pathan settlement in ] is that of ] and ] districts. This arose out of the fact that this area was home to the ] and ] Mostly Itairampur Number of Nine Village 1-Itairampur khas 2-Rajbahadur deeh 3-Puchkatwa village 4-Hazizafar deeh 5-Mumtaz deeh 6-Kalandar Gaon 7-kachla village 8-Suriya village 9-Dalsangwa village Mostly Pathan village under Taking Utraula tehsil Most Populated Pathan Village 1-Rajbahadur deeh 2-Itairampur Khas 3-Hazizafar deeh 4-Mumtaz deeh] principalities, villages of Sekhuiya, Aliganj, Bondhihar, Kudaun and Mahuwa Mohammad Khan were prominent villages of Pathans in which Mahuwa Mohammad Khan rose to become the most powerful Village in all Pathan families by having jagir (ownership) of 32 villages and were called by the tittle of "Raja" meaning the King, the other titles were "Mahatos" meaning "one who have influence" or "Pachhu Mahatos" all of which are now situated in ] and ], which is the centre of the largest Pathan settlement outside ]. Both these was found at height of their powers controlled most of the districts from the 17th to the early 19th Century. The ] principality was founded by a Rasul Khan, an ], was appointed keeper of the fort at ] in 1637. He was also granted five villages as ], and these five villages formed the core of what was to become the Nanpara Estate. His descendant, Karam Khan taking advantage of the collapse of ] authority in the early 18th Century, extended his rule over pretty much the entire district. During this period, several Pathan families settled in the district. The present Pathan population include the ], and some of ] they are also known as Ghazni Patahns, found mainly in ], now in ] and adjoining villages, ]s mainly in Fakhrpur, Afridi, ], ] and ], all in ].<ref>A Gazetteer of Bahraich District Volume XLV: Gazetteers of the United Provinces edited by H. R Neville</ref>{{better source|date=August 2019}} | |||
The principality of ] was founded by Ahmad Khan Kakar, who established a base initially in Gonda, and Basti (a Pindari estate). His son Ali Khan Kakar seized ], from the ], and founded the principality Utaraula, now in the ], and is home to large colony of ] Pathans. There are also important settlements of ] and ] Pathans in the district, many educational institutions were also founded by pathans of Sekhuiya and Bondhihar in this area some prominent pathan personalities are Zamindar Mahato Sadat khan: founder of Jamia Serajul Uloom in the year 1908 at Bondhihar, Mohammad Khan of Mahuwa Estate, Abdul Mabood Khan 'Lallan Khan' of Mahuwa Estate, Ghanai Khan of Bondhihar, Salahuddin Khan 'Sahib' of Sekhuiya, he was the first engineer of British era in that whole area, Iqramuddin Khan of Duduhiya, Raziuddin Khan of Duduhiya, famously known as 'Pahalwan' or 'Wrestler', he completed his education from the prestigious ] in the year 1969 and also represented Indian National Athletics Team .<ref>A Gazetteer of Gonda District Volume XLIV: Gazetteers of the United Provinces edited by H. R Neville</ref>{{better source|date=August 2019}} | |||
=== Distribution of tribes by district in Awadh 1891 === | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|- bgcolor="#CCCCCC" | |||
! Tribe !! ] !! ] !! ] !! ] !! ] !! ] !! ] !! ] !! ] !! ]!! ] !! ] || Total | |||
|- | |||
| ] || 1,421 || 356 || 431 || 233 || 600 || 140 || 24 || 6 || 317 || 72 || 107 || 302 || 4,009 | |||
|- | |||
| Baqarzai{{efn|name=fn1}}|| 18 || 48 || || 23 || 1,163 || 340 || || || || || || |4 ||1,596 | |||
|- | |||
| ] || || || || || || || || || || || || || | |||
|- | |||
| ] || 180 || 162 ||187 || 119 || 421 || 256 || || 400 || 191 || 80 || 60 || 58 || 1,292 | |||
|- | |||
| ] || 9 || || || || || || || || 4 || || || ||13 | |||
|- | |||
| ]{{efn|name=fn2}} || || || || || || || || || || 20 || || ||20 | |||
|- | |||
| ] || || || || 5 || || 622 || || 6 || 16 || || || ||649 | |||
|- | |||
| ] ||102 || 129 || || 22 || 43 || 86 || || || || 423 || 33 || ||838 | |||
|- | |||
| ] || 55 || 129 || 25 || 80 || 69 || 7 || 4 || || 40 || || 8 || || 417 | |||
|- | |||
| Sur || 1,788 || 5,672 || 768 || 2,515 || 5,780 || 3,369 || 523 || 410 || 2,315 || 414 || 1,266 || 85 ||24,905 | |||
|- | |||
| ] || || || || || || || 20 || 2 || 198 || 45 || 23 || || 286 | |||
|- | |||
| ] || 215 || 263 || 540 || 1,249 || 1,534 || 697 ||1,210 || 10,057 ||2,909 || 279 || 82 || 327 ||19,362 | |||
|- | |||
| ] ||38 ||24 || 27 || 48 || 129 || 5 || || || 11 || || || 16 ||298 | |||
|- | |||
| ] || 41 ||25 || 15 || 8 || 20 || || || || 8 || 73 || 164 ||17 ||371 | |||
|- | |||
| ] || 2,678 || 2,175 || 3,609 || 3,306 || 1,538 || 2,812 || 2,800 || 8,080 || 4,427 || 2,621 || 6,028 || 3,778||43,852 | |||
|- | |||
| ] || 123 || 34 || || || 307 || 38|| || || 7 || || || ||509 | |||
|- | |||
| ] || 158 || 61 ||33 || 216 || 487 || 246 || || 6 || 447 || 9 || || 7 ||1,670 | |||
|- | |||
| ] || 2,678 || 2,175 || 3,609 || 3,306 || 1,538 || 2,812 || 2,800 || 8,080 || 4,427 || 2,621 || 6,028 || 3,778||43,852 | |||
|- | |||
| Qazi Pathan || 197 || 75 || 48 || 109 || 386 || 237 || 57 || 101 || 139 || 32 || 65 || 28 ||1,474 | |||
|- | |||
| ] || 199 || 76 || 31 || 8 || 375 || 185 || || || 24 || || 42 || 10 ||950 | |||
|- | |||
| ]{{efn|name=fn4}} ||131 || 411 || 250 || 55 || 12 || || || || 30 || || || 4||893 | |||
|- | |||
| ] || 59 || || || || || 29 || || || || || || ||88 | |||
|- | |||
| Yaqubzai || || || || || || || || || 8 || || || ||8 | |||
|- | |||
| ] || 7,172 || 959 || 641 || 2,525 || 1,173 || 2,116 || 4,025 ||3,121 || 3,821 || 1,192 || 1,170 ||2,164 ||30,079 | |||
|- | |||
| ]|| 183 | 74 || 115 || 93 || 37|| 289|| 327|| 84 || 374 || 227 || 312 || 232 || 25 |||2187 | |||
|} | |||
==Notes== | |||
{{notelist|refs= | |||
{{efn|name=fn1|The Baqarzai are sub-clan of the ] tribe}} | |||
{{efn|name=fn2|The Bunerwal are ], and originate in the ], and the word Bunerwal literally means an inhabitant of Buner. Most Bunerwal are ] ]s}} | |||
<!-- {{efn|name=fn3|The Urmuz are a sub-tribe of the ]}} --> | |||
{{efn|name=fn4|The Warakzai or ] are largest sub-division of the ] confederacy.}} | |||
<!-- {{efn|name=fn5|The lodhi Section comprise on all Lodhi sub-sections included ShahuKhel, Daulat Khel ], ] and other Nohani/Lohani.}} --> | |||
}} | |||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
* ] | |||
* ] | |||
* ] | |||
* ] | * ] | ||
* ] | |||
* ] | * ] | ||
* ] | |||
* ] | * ] | ||
* ] | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{reflist}} | {{reflist}} | ||
==External links== | |||
* | |||
{{Pashtun Diaspora}} | {{Pashtun Diaspora}} |
Latest revision as of 11:07, 9 January 2025
Muslim community in Uttar Pradesh, IndiaEthnic group
Regions with significant populations | |
---|---|
India (Uttar Pradesh and Uttarakhand), | |
Languages | |
Hindi (Kannauji, Braj, Awadhi) • Urdu • Bhojpuri • English | |
Religion | |
Islam | |
Related ethnic groups | |
Urdu-speaking people, Pathans of Gujarat and the Pathans of India |
The Pathans are an Urdu-speaking community of Pashtun descent in the Uttar Pradesh state in India who form one of the largest Muslim communities in the state with a population of 5-6 million and 2.9% of the total population of Uttar Pradesh They are also known as Khans which is a commonly used surname amongst them; although not all those who use the surname are Pathans, for example the Khanzada community of eastern Uttar Pradesh are also commonly known as Khan. The phrase Pathan Khanzada is used to describe Muslim warrior groups, found mainly in Gorakhpur, who have been absorbed into the Pathan community. There are communities of partial Pashtun ancestry in the Rohilkhand region and in parts of the Doab and Awadh regions, such as the agrarian Rohilla community.
History
The Pathan are divided into sixteen groupings, who generally take their name from the ancestral Pashtun tribes. These include the Bangash, Afridi, Dustukhel, Luni (Miani), Jadoon, Bakarzai, Barech, Daudzai, Dilazak, Durrani, Ghorghushti, Toia Mehsud Khel, Ghori, Khalil, Lodi, Mohmand, Mohammadzai, Orakzai, Kakarzai, Rohilla, Sherwani, Suri, Sultani and Yousafzai, all of which are well known Pashtun tribes. A further differentiation exists based on an identity known as the qabila or biradari, based on territorial subgroupings and community ties.
Pathans in Western Uttar Pradesh
The Pathans of the Barah-Basti villages of Bulandshahr produced a large number of volunteers who joined the British Irregular Cavalry, many of whom rebelled during the Indian Rebellion of 1857 under Abdul Latif Khan of Khanpur and Walidad Khan of Malagarh.
See also
References
- Amir Hasan, Anthropological Survey of India, Baqr Raza Rizvi, J. C. Das, K. S. Singh (27 February 2019). People of India: The Communities: Nai-Yadav. Bio-Anthropological Indormation. Glossary. Select Bibliography. Maps. Index. Anthropological Survey of India. ISBN 9788173041143.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - Shaji, U. S. (2010). Religions of IndiaA Multidimentional Study. Cyber Tech Publications. p. 36. ISBN 9788178845340.
A well known Indian Muslim community is Pathan
- Amir Hasan (2005). People of India: The Communities: Nai-Yadav. Bio-Anthropological Indormation. Glossary. Select Bibliography. Maps. Index. Anthropological Survey of India. p. 1139. ISBN 9788173041143.
- Bengal, Past & Present:Journal of the Calcutta Historical Society · Volume 86. Calcutta Historical Society. 1967. p. 47.
Pashtun diaspora | |
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Pakistan | |
India |
|
Elsewhere | |
See also |