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| {{Short description|Mythical Creature}} | |||
| In ], '''Ipotanes''' were a race of half-horse, half-humans; the original version of the satyr. ''Greek woodland gods or spirits, closely connected to the satyrs. They were occasionally referred to as being half-man half-horse, in stead of half-man half-goat. The Sileni were portrayed as lechers and drunkards, bald-headed and pot-bellied, with thick lips and stub noses, and with the tails and ears of a horse. The flute and lyre are their attributes. The Sileni can often be found in the company of Dionysus. Later mentioned as only one Silenus, the tutor and companion of Dionysus.''</ref> | |||
| ] | |||
| '''Ipotanes''' or '''hippotaynes''' are mythical creatures. They are usually depicted as being half-human half-horse creatures much different from the ]s. Although sometimes attributed to ], the term appears to have originated at a much later date, and without a definite description; they are first mentioned in ]'s fourteenth-century ''Travels''. Ipotanes appear in modern works of the ]. | |||
| ==John de Mandeville== | |||
| The typical Ipotane looked overall human, but had the legs, hindquarters, tail, and ears of a horse. However, some had humanlike rather than horselike legs (compare with early ], whose front legs were often humanlike). The Greek suggested by "ipotane" is {{Polytonic|ἱππότης}} ({{lang|grc-Latn|hippotas}}). It means a person riding a horse. It is also used as an adjective as in {{Polytonic|ἱππότης λεὼς}} ({{lang|grc-Latn|hippotas leos}}) — horse riding people. The definition given above would fit {{Polytonic|ἱππότης λεὼς}} — "horse-people". | |||
| In his 1356 travelogue, ''The Travels of Sir John Mandeville'',<ref>Charles Knight, ''Charles Knight's Popular History of England'', vol. 2, p. 13, London: Bradbury, Evans, & Company, 1862–67 {{oclc|942643783}}.</ref> the author reports the existence of a violent race of ''ipotanes'', found in Bacharie (]). | |||
| {{quote|...ben many Ipotanes that dwellen sometime in the water and sometime on the land; and thei ben half men and half hors and thei eten men when thei may take him|Wyken and Worde, 1499.<ref name="Vinycomb">John Vinycomb, ''Fictitious & Symbolic Creatures in Art'', p. 144, Gale Research Company, 1906 {{ISBN|0810331470}}.</ref>}} More recent editions of Mandeville's work use various spellings; ''hippotaynes'' (Macmillan, 1900),<ref>Sir John Mandeville, A.W. Pollard (ed), ''The Travels Of Sir John Mandeville'', p. 177, London: Macmillan & Co., 1900 {{oclc|1268064505}}</ref> ''hippopotami'' (Penguin, 1983).<ref>Sir John Mandeville, C.W.R.D. Pollard (trans), ''The Travels Of Sir John Mandeville'', p. 167, Penguin, 1983 {{oclc|1261243004}}.</ref> | |||
| ==Description== | |||
| Cf. Liddell & Scott, Greek-English Lexicon. | |||
| The word "ipotane" appears to be derived from the Greek {{lang|grc|ιππότης}} ({{lang|grc-Latn|hippotes}}), "a knight", which itself is derived from {{lang|grc|ίππος}} ({{lang|grc-Latn|hippos}}), "a horse".<ref>Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, ''A Greek-English Lexicon'', , Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1890 {{oclc|493157397}}.</ref> Mandeville's description is not clearly distinguishable from that of a ], and some depictions use the term synonymously.<ref name="Vinycomb"/> Some depictions show ipotanes with a ] body and a ]'s head. Other depictions have them as humans with the hindquarters of a horse. | |||
| ==Modern literature== | |||
| Such a person would not look "overall human"; rather, the torso would look human. | |||
| Despite their similarity to centaurs, ipotanes are not mentioned in the corpus of Greek and Roman literature. However, they appear in modern works of fantasy literature, in which they are depicted with various combinations of horse-like and human features.<ref>{{multiref|For example,|Nancy A. Collins, ''Right Hand Magic: A Novel of Golgotham'', Penguin, 2010 {{ISBN|1101445777}}|Amanda Bouchet, ''A Promise of Fire'', Hachette UK, 2016 {{ISBN|0349412537}}.}}</ref> | |||
| ==See also== | |||
| * ], Scottish folklore | |||
| * ], Greek myth | |||
| * ], fictional character | |||
| ==References== | ==References== | ||
| {{reflist}} | {{reflist}} | ||
| ⚫ | ] | ||
| {{Greek-myth-stub}} | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| ⚫ | ] | ||
| ] | |||
Latest revision as of 21:26, 12 January 2025
Mythical Creature
Ipotanes or hippotaynes are mythical creatures. They are usually depicted as being half-human half-horse creatures much different from the centaurs. Although sometimes attributed to Greek mythology, the term appears to have originated at a much later date, and without a definite description; they are first mentioned in John de Mandeville's fourteenth-century Travels. Ipotanes appear in modern works of the fantasy genre.
John de Mandeville
In his 1356 travelogue, The Travels of Sir John Mandeville, the author reports the existence of a violent race of ipotanes, found in Bacharie (Bactria).
...ben many Ipotanes that dwellen sometime in the water and sometime on the land; and thei ben half men and half hors and thei eten men when thei may take him
— Wyken and Worde, 1499.
More recent editions of Mandeville's work use various spellings; hippotaynes (Macmillan, 1900), hippopotami (Penguin, 1983).
Description
The word "ipotane" appears to be derived from the Greek ιππότης (hippotes), "a knight", which itself is derived from ίππος (hippos), "a horse". Mandeville's description is not clearly distinguishable from that of a centaur, and some depictions use the term synonymously. Some depictions show ipotanes with a human body and a horse's head. Other depictions have them as humans with the hindquarters of a horse.
Modern literature
Despite their similarity to centaurs, ipotanes are not mentioned in the corpus of Greek and Roman literature. However, they appear in modern works of fantasy literature, in which they are depicted with various combinations of horse-like and human features.
See also
- Glaistig, Scottish folklore
- Hippopodes, Greek myth
- BoJack Horseman, fictional character
References
- Charles Knight, Charles Knight's Popular History of England, vol. 2, p. 13, London: Bradbury, Evans, & Company, 1862–67 OCLC 942643783.
- ^ John Vinycomb, Fictitious & Symbolic Creatures in Art, p. 144, Gale Research Company, 1906 ISBN 0810331470.
- Sir John Mandeville, A.W. Pollard (ed), The Travels Of Sir John Mandeville, p. 177, London: Macmillan & Co., 1900 OCLC 1268064505
- Sir John Mandeville, C.W.R.D. Pollard (trans), The Travels Of Sir John Mandeville, p. 167, Penguin, 1983 OCLC 1261243004.
- Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, p. 708, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1890 OCLC 493157397.
-
- For example,
- Nancy A. Collins, Right Hand Magic: A Novel of Golgotham, Penguin, 2010 ISBN 1101445777
- Amanda Bouchet, A Promise of Fire, Hachette UK, 2016 ISBN 0349412537.