| Revision as of 11:47, 13 January 2025 editIdoghor Melody (talk | contribs)Autopatrolled, Event coordinators, Extended confirmed users, Page movers, IP block exemptions, New page reviewers, Pending changes reviewers35,004 editsm clean up, typo(s) fixed: September 5, 1864 → September 5, 1864,, contemporaneos → contemporaneous, ’s → 'sTag: AWB← Previous edit | Latest revision as of 02:23, 15 January 2025 edit undoMtsmallwood (talk | contribs)Autopatrolled, Extended confirmed users, Pending changes reviewers25,479 editsm →Disposition: title edit | ||
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| {{Infobox ship image | {{Infobox ship image | ||
| |Ship image = File:Cascade (stern-wheel steamer) in the Columbia Gorge.png | |Ship image = File:Cascade (stern-wheel steamer) in the Columbia Gorge.png | ||
| |Ship caption = ] of |
|Ship caption = ] of stern-wheel steamer ''Cascade'' in the ] in 1867 | ||
| }} | }} | ||
| {{Infobox ship career | {{Infobox ship career | ||
| Line 32: | Line 32: | ||
| |Header caption = | |Header caption = | ||
| |Ship type = inland multi-purpose | |Ship type = inland multi-purpose | ||
| |Ship tonnage = 401.25 |
|Ship tonnage = {{GRT|401.25}} | ||
| |Ship displacement = | |Ship displacement = | ||
| |Ship length = {{convert|155|ft|m|1|abbr=on}} | |Ship length = {{convert|155|ft|m|1|abbr=on}} | ||
| Line 47: | Line 47: | ||
| |Ship power = twin single-cylinder steam engines | |Ship power = twin single-cylinder steam engines | ||
| |Ship propulsion = stern-wheel | |Ship propulsion = stern-wheel | ||
| |Ship speed = 15 |
|Ship speed = {{cvt|15|mph}} | ||
| |Ship capacity = | |Ship capacity = | ||
| |Ship crew= | |Ship crew= | ||
| Line 53: | Line 53: | ||
| }} | }} | ||
| |} | |} | ||
| ''''' Cascade ''''' (also seen as '''''Cascades''''') was a stern-wheel-driven ] built in Oregon which operated on the lower ] and the lower ] rivers. The vessel ran from 1864 to 1870, mainly under the ownership of the ]. | |||
| == Decision to build == | == Decision to build == | ||
| Line 60: | Line 60: | ||
| | editor1-first = Edgar W. | | editor1-first = Edgar W. | ||
| | title = Lewis & Dryden's Marine History of the Pacific Northwest | | title = Lewis & Dryden's Marine History of the Pacific Northwest | ||
| | url = |
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=seRDAAAAYAAJ | ||
| | chapter = Ch. VI The Golden Days of the Oregon Steam Navigation Company | | chapter = Ch. VI The Golden Days of the Oregon Steam Navigation Company | ||
| | chapter-url = | | chapter-url = | ||
| | lccn = 28001147 | | lccn = 28001147 | ||
| | location = ] | | location = ] | ||
| | publisher = Lewis and Dryden Printing Co. | | publisher = Lewis and Dryden Printing Co. | ||
| | publication-date = 1895 | | publication-date = 1895 | ||
| | pages = 123 | | pages = 123 | ||
| | no-pp = | | no-pp = | ||
| }}</ref> The company's objective was to compete with the ] for steamboat business on the ].<ref name = Wright123/> To this end, the company built, at ], on ] a sternwheeler named ''Cascade'' (or ''Cascades'').<ref name = Wright123/> | }}</ref> The company's objective was to compete with the ] for steamboat business on the ].<ref name = Wright123/> To this end, the company built, at ], Washington Territory, on ] a sternwheeler named ''Cascade'' (or ''Cascades'').<ref name = Wright123/> | ||
| == Construction and performance == | == Construction and performance == | ||
| ''Cascade'' was able to reach 15 |
''Cascade'' was able to reach {{convert|15|mph}} and had a large carrying capacity.<ref name = Wright123/> The merchant vessel registry number was 5263.<ref name = 1874registry>{{cite book | ||
| | author = ], Statistics Bureau | | author = ], Statistics Bureau | ||
| | title = Annual List of Merchant Vessels | | title = Annual List of Merchant Vessels | ||
| | type = ] |
| type = ] ending June 30, 1874 | ||
| | url = http://hdl.handle.net/2027/njp.32101068130820 | | url = http://hdl.handle.net/2027/njp.32101068130820 | ||
| | location = ] | | location = ] | ||
| | publisher = ] | | publisher = ] | ||
| | publication-date = 1875 | | publication-date = 1875 | ||
| | volume = 7 | | volume = 7 | ||
| | hdl = 2027/njp.32101068130820 | |||
| | at = 49 | | at = 49 | ||
| ⚫ | }}</ref> The dimensions of the steamer were: length {{convert|155|ft|m|1|abbr=on}}; ] {{convert|27.5|ft|m|1|abbr=on}}; depth of hold {{convert|5.9|ft|m|0|abbr=on}}.<ref name = Wright123/> The steam engines generated {{convert|94|hp|lk=in}}.<ref name = 1874registry/> The engines first used had cylinders that were {{convert|16|in|cm}} in diameter with a piston stroke of {{convert|72|in|cm}}. The replacement engines in 1865 were {{convert|18+1/2|by|72|in|cm}}.<ref name = Wright123/> | ||
| }}</ref> The steam engines generated 94 ].<ref name = 1874registry/> | |||
| In a non-contemporaneous source (1895) ''Cascade'' was reported to have been the first sternwheeler with a wheelhouse, which was an innovation by engineer John Gates.<ref name = Wright123/> |
In a non-contemporaneous source (1895) ''Cascade'' was reported to have been the first sternwheeler with a wheelhouse, which was an innovation by engineer John Gates.<ref name = Wright123/> This may have been true for the Columbia River, but in fact the sternwheeler {{ship||Enterprise|sternwheeler 1863|2}}, built at ] in 1863, also had a wheelhouse, but was operated solely on the upper ]. | ||
| ==Service history== | |||
| ⚫ | The dimensions of the steamer were: length {{convert|155|ft|m|1|abbr=on}}; beam {{convert|27.5|ft|m|1|abbr=on}}; depth of hold {{convert|5.9|ft|m|0|abbr=on}}.<ref name = Wright123/> The engines first used had cylinders that were |
||
| ⚫ | Upon completion, ''Cascade'' was sent to the Columbia River carrying machinery for two other steamers which the owners expected to build on the Columbia.<ref name = Wright123/> ''Cascade'' arrived at ] on September 5, 1864, and immediately began a refit, making a trial trip on January 23, 1865, with Captain Van Bergen at the wheel.<ref name = Wright123/> Before ''Cascade'' could engage in serious competition, the Oregon Steam Navigation Company started paying her owners a monthly stipend on condition that they would keep ''Cascade'' idle.<ref name = Wright123/> | ||
| ⚫ | In July 1865 OSN purchased ''Cascade'' outright, installed larger engines in the vessel, and placed it on the route running from Portland to the ] in the ].<ref name = Wright123/> As of September 22, 1865, ''Cascade'' was running daily (except Sundays) on the lower Columbia River from Portland to the depot of the Cascades portage railroad at the foot of the Cascade Rapids.<ref name = DailyMountaineer>{{Cite news | ||
| == Transfer to the Columbia River == | |||
| ⚫ | | author = ] | ||
| Upon completion, Cascade was sent to the Columbia River carrying machinery for two other steamers which the owners expected to build on the Columbia.<ref name = Wright123/> | |||
| ⚫ | Cascade arrived at Portland on September 5, 1864, and immediately began a refit, making a trial trip on January 23, 1865, with Captain Van Bergen at the wheel.<ref name = Wright123/> Before Cascade could engage in serious competition, the Oregon Steam Navigation Company started paying her owners a monthly stipend on condition that they would keep Cascade idle.<ref name = Wright123/> | ||
| == Operation by Oregon Steam Navigation Company == | |||
| In July 1865 OSN purchased ''Cascade'' outright, installed larger engines in the vessel, and placed it on the route running from Portland to the Cascades rapics in the Columbia Gorge.<ref name = Wright123/> Officers on the steamer at the time were John H. Wolf, captain; N. B. Ingalls, purser; James Galloway, chief engineer ; Louis Piper, pilot ; and William Smith, mate.<ref name = Wright123/> | |||
| ⚫ | As of September 22, 1865, ''Cascade'' was running daily (except Sundays) on the lower Columbia River from |
||
| ⚫ | | author = ] | ||
| | first = | | first = | ||
| | title = Fall Arrangement | | title = Fall Arrangement | ||
| Line 103: | Line 97: | ||
| | url = https://oregonnews.uoregon.edu/lccn/sn89055266/1865-11-01/ed-1/seq-1/ | | url = https://oregonnews.uoregon.edu/lccn/sn89055266/1865-11-01/ed-1/seq-1/ | ||
| | newspaper = Daily Mountaineer | | newspaper = Daily Mountaineer | ||
| | location = ] | | location = ] | ||
| |editor-last1= Cowne | |editor-last1= Cowne | ||
| |editor-first1= E.G. | |editor-first1= E.G. | ||
| Line 110: | Line 104: | ||
| | volume = 6 | | volume = 6 | ||
| | issue = 78 | | issue = 78 | ||
| | date = |
| date = November 10, 1865 | ||
| | at = p.1, col.2 | | at = p.1, col.2 | ||
| }}</ref> ''Cascade'' |
}}</ref> ''Cascade'' departed from the depot at 5:00 a.m. bound for Portland under the command of Captain John Wolfe (or Wolf).<ref name = DailyMountaineer/> The ] connected at the top of the Cascade Rapids with the steamer {{ship||Oneonta|sidewheeler|2}}, which would then carry passengers and freight east upstream to ].<ref name = DailyMountaineer/> From The Dalles, another portage railroad skirted the ] to connect with steamers that carried traffic further upriver to ], Washington Territory.<ref name = DailyMountaineer/> | ||
| == Disposition == | == Disposition == | ||
| Line 122: | Line 116: | ||
| | isbn = 0-8032-5874-7 | | isbn = 0-8032-5874-7 | ||
| | lccn = 77007161 | | lccn = 77007161 | ||
| | location = Lincoln |
| location = Lincoln, Nebraska | ||
| | publisher = University of Nebraska | | publisher = University of Nebraska | ||
| | date = 1947 | | date = 1947 | ||
| ⚫ | }}</ref> Contemporaneous sources report differently. In November 1870, ''Cascade'' was being rebuilt in Portland at the OSN "boneyard."<ref name = Statesman1>{{Cite news | ||
| }}</ref> | |||
| ⚫ | Contemporaneous sources report differently. |
||
| | author = | | author = | ||
| | first = | | first = | ||
| Line 134: | Line 126: | ||
| | url = https://oregonnews.uoregon.edu/lccn/sn94052328/1870-11-30/ed-1/seq-1/ | | url = https://oregonnews.uoregon.edu/lccn/sn94052328/1870-11-30/ed-1/seq-1/ | ||
| | newspaper = Oregon Weekly Statesman | | newspaper = Oregon Weekly Statesman | ||
| | location = ] | | location = ] | ||
| |editor-last1= | |editor-last1= | ||
| |editor-first1= | |editor-first1= | ||
| Line 141: | Line 133: | ||
| | volume = 20 | | volume = 20 | ||
| | issue = 17 | | issue = 17 | ||
| | date = |
| date = November 30, 1870 | ||
| | at = p.1, col.5 | | at = p.1, col.5 | ||
| }}</ref> A new hull was built, and |
}}</ref> A new hull was built, and ]s were added along the entire length of the cabin.<ref name = Statesman1/> The upper berths in the staterooms were single, and the lower ones were double.<ref name = Statesman1/> The rebuilt vessel would differ from other steamboats in that the aft part of the cabin would be open to allow passengers a better view of the passing scenery.<ref name = Statesman1/> The engines were being cleaned, and were to be replaced when the decking was complete.<ref name = Statesman1/> The work was nearing completion in early December 1870.<ref name = Statesman2>{{Cite news | ||
| The rebuilt vessel would differ from other steamboats in that the aft part of the cabin would be open to allow passengers a better view of the passing scenery.<ref name = Statesman1/> The engines were being cleaned, and were to be replaced when the decking was complete.<ref name = Statesman1/> The work was nearing completion in early December 1870.<ref name = Statesman2>{{Cite news | |||
| | author = | | author = | ||
| | first = | | first = | ||
| Line 152: | Line 142: | ||
| | url = https://oregonnews.uoregon.edu/lccn/sn94052328/1870-12-07/ed-1/seq-3/ | | url = https://oregonnews.uoregon.edu/lccn/sn94052328/1870-12-07/ed-1/seq-3/ | ||
| | newspaper = Oregon Weekly Statesman | | newspaper = Oregon Weekly Statesman | ||
| | location = ] | | location = ] | ||
| |editor-last1= | |editor-last1= | ||
| |editor-first1= | |editor-first1= | ||
| Line 159: | Line 149: | ||
| | volume = 20 | | volume = 20 | ||
| | issue = 18 | | issue = 18 | ||
| | date = |
| date = December 7, 1870 | ||
| | at = p.3, col.4 | | at = p.3, col.4 | ||
| }}</ref> As of 1874, had a ] of 401.25.<ref name = 1874registry/> Tonnage in this instance was a measure of size and not weight.<ref name = 1874registry/> | }}</ref> As of 1874, had a ] of 401.25.<ref name = 1874registry/> Tonnage in this instance was a measure of size and not weight.<ref name = 1874registry/> | ||
| ==Notes== | ==Notes== | ||
| Line 174: | Line 164: | ||
| | isbn = 0-8032-5874-7 | | isbn = 0-8032-5874-7 | ||
| | lccn = 77007161 | | lccn = 77007161 | ||
| | location = Lincoln |
| location = Lincoln, Nebraska | ||
| | publisher = University of Nebraska | | publisher = University of Nebraska | ||
| | date = 1947 | | date = 1947 | ||
| Line 184: | Line 174: | ||
| | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=seRDAAAAYAAJ | | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=seRDAAAAYAAJ | ||
| | lccn = 28001147 | | lccn = 28001147 | ||
| | location = ] | | location = ] | ||
| | publisher = Lewis and Dryden Printing Co. | | publisher = Lewis and Dryden Printing Co. | ||
| | date = 1895 | | date = 1895 | ||
Latest revision as of 02:23, 15 January 2025
_in_the_Columbia_Gorge.png) Stereograph of stern-wheel steamer Cascade in the Columbia Gorge in 1867
| |
| History | |
|---|---|
| Name | Cascade |
| Owner | Oregon Steam Navigation Company |
| Port of registry | Portland, Oregon |
| Route | Lower Columbia River |
| Builder | Washington Territory Transportation Company |
| In service | 1865 |
| Out of service | 1870 |
| Identification | U.S. registry 5263 |
| Fate | Abandoned |
| General characteristics | |
| Type | inland multi-purpose |
| Tonnage | 401.25 GRT |
| Length | 155 ft (47.2 m) |
| Beam | 27.5 ft (8.4 m) |
| Depth | 5.9 ft (2 m) depth of hold |
| Installed power | twin single-cylinder steam engines |
| Propulsion | stern-wheel |
| Speed | 15 mph (24 km/h) |
Cascade (also seen as Cascades) was a stern-wheel-driven steamboat built in Oregon which operated on the lower Columbia and the lower Willamette rivers. The vessel ran from 1864 to 1870, mainly under the ownership of the Oregon Steam Navigation Company.
Decision to build
In 1864, which was reported to have been a good year for business in the Washington Territory, three entrepreneurs named Donohue, and Captains William Kohl, and Alexander P. Ankeny, formed the Washington Territory Transportation Company. The company's objective was to compete with the Oregon Steam Navigation Company for steamboat business on the Columbia River. To this end, the company built, at Utsalady, Washington Territory, on Camano Island a sternwheeler named Cascade (or Cascades).
Construction and performance
Cascade was able to reach 15 miles per hour (24 km/h) and had a large carrying capacity. The merchant vessel registry number was 5263. The dimensions of the steamer were: length 155 ft (47.2 m); beam 27.5 ft (8.4 m); depth of hold 5.9 ft (2 m). The steam engines generated 94 horsepower (70 kW). The engines first used had cylinders that were 16 inches (41 cm) in diameter with a piston stroke of 72 inches (180 cm). The replacement engines in 1865 were 18+1⁄2 by 72 inches (47 by 183 cm).
In a non-contemporaneous source (1895) Cascade was reported to have been the first sternwheeler with a wheelhouse, which was an innovation by engineer John Gates. This may have been true for the Columbia River, but in fact the sternwheeler Enterprise, built at Canemah, Oregon in 1863, also had a wheelhouse, but was operated solely on the upper Willamette River.
Service history
Upon completion, Cascade was sent to the Columbia River carrying machinery for two other steamers which the owners expected to build on the Columbia. Cascade arrived at Portland, Oregon on September 5, 1864, and immediately began a refit, making a trial trip on January 23, 1865, with Captain Van Bergen at the wheel. Before Cascade could engage in serious competition, the Oregon Steam Navigation Company started paying her owners a monthly stipend on condition that they would keep Cascade idle.
In July 1865 OSN purchased Cascade outright, installed larger engines in the vessel, and placed it on the route running from Portland to the Cascade Rapids in the Columbia Gorge. As of September 22, 1865, Cascade was running daily (except Sundays) on the lower Columbia River from Portland to the depot of the Cascades portage railroad at the foot of the Cascade Rapids. Cascade departed from the depot at 5:00 a.m. bound for Portland under the command of Captain John Wolfe (or Wolf). The portage railroad connected at the top of the Cascade Rapids with the steamer Oneonta, which would then carry passengers and freight east upstream to The Dalles. From The Dalles, another portage railroad skirted the Celilo Rapids to connect with steamers that carried traffic further upriver to Wallula, Washington Territory.
Disposition
In 1870 according to non-contemporaneous sources, Cascade was either abandoned or dismantled. Contemporaneous sources report differently. In November 1870, Cascade was being rebuilt in Portland at the OSN "boneyard." A new hull was built, and staterooms were added along the entire length of the cabin. The upper berths in the staterooms were single, and the lower ones were double. The rebuilt vessel would differ from other steamboats in that the aft part of the cabin would be open to allow passengers a better view of the passing scenery. The engines were being cleaned, and were to be replaced when the decking was complete. The work was nearing completion in early December 1870. As of 1874, had a gross register tonnage of 401.25. Tonnage in this instance was a measure of size and not weight.
Notes
- ^ Wright, Edgar W., ed. (1895). "Ch. VI The Golden Days of the Oregon Steam Navigation Company". Lewis & Dryden's Marine History of the Pacific Northwest. Portland, Oregon: Lewis and Dryden Printing Co. p. 123. LCCN 28001147.
- ^ United States Department of the Treasury, Statistics Bureau (1875). Annual List of Merchant Vessels (FY ending June 30, 1874). Vol. 7. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office. 49. hdl:2027/njp.32101068130820.
- ^ Oregon Steam Navigation Company (November 10, 1865). Cowne, E.G.; Halloran, J. (eds.). "Fall Arrangement". Daily Mountaineer (advertisement). Vol. 6, no. 78. The Dalles, Oregon. p.1, col.2.
- Mills, Randall V. (1947). Sternwheelers up Columbia -- A Century of Steamboating in the Oregon Country. Lincoln, Nebraska: University of Nebraska. ISBN 0-8032-5874-7. LCCN 77007161.
- ^ "General News ... Portland … From the Herald: The steamer Cascade is being repaired …". Oregon Weekly Statesman (item). Vol. 20, no. 17. Salem, Oregon. November 30, 1870. p.1, col.5.
- "State News ... Portland". Oregon Weekly Statesman (item). Vol. 20, no. 18. Salem, Oregon. December 7, 1870. p.3, col.4.
References
- Mills, Randall V. (1947). Sternwheelers up Columbia -- A Century of Steamboating in the Oregon Country. Lincoln, Nebraska: University of Nebraska. ISBN 0-8032-5874-7. LCCN 77007161.
- Wright, E.W., ed. (1895). Lewis & Dryden's Marine History of the Pacific Northwest. Portland, Oregon: Lewis and Dryden Printing Co. LCCN 28001147.