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{{coor title d|44.532447|N|10.864137|E|}}
{{Nofootnotes|article|date=February 2008}}
{{this|the automobile manufacturer}}
{{Infobox Company
| company_name = Ferrari
| company_logo = ]
| vector_logo = The current Ferrari logo
| company_type = ]
| foundation = 1947
| founder = ]
| location_city = {{Flagicon|Italy}} ]
| location_country = ]
| origins =
| key_people = ], ]<br> ], Vice-President<br> Amedeo Felisa, ]<br> Giancarlo Coppa , ]
| area_served =
| industry = ]
| products = ]
| revenue = {{profit}} ] 1,668 ] (])<ref name="fiatgroup.com"/>
| operating_income =
| net_income =
|num_employees = 2,926 (])<ref name="fiatgroup.com">{{Cite web|url=http://www.fiatgroup.com/en-us/shai/banns/budgets/Documents/BILANCIO_2007_ING.pdf|title=Annual Report 2007|accessdate=2008-04-08|work=fiatgroup.com}}</ref>
| parent = ]
| subsid =
| owner =
| company_slogan =
| homepage =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Ferrari S.p.A.''' is an ] ] ] based in ] and ], ]. Founded by ] in 1929 as ''']''', the company sponsored drivers and manufactured race cars before moving into production of street legal vehicles in 1947 as Ferrari ]. Throughout its history, the company has been noted for its continued participation in ], especially in ], where it has largely enjoyed great success, especially during the 1950s, 1960s, 1970s, late 1990s, and 2000s.
After years of financial struggles, Enzo Ferrari sold the company's sports car division to the ] group in 1969 to ensure continued financial backing. Enzo Ferrari retained control of the racing division until his death in 1988 at the age of 90. Earlier that year he had overseen the launch of the ]; the last new Ferrari to be launched before his death.

Ferrari also has an internally managed merchandising line that licenses many products bearing the Ferrari brand, including eyewear, pens, pencils, electronic goods, perfume, clothing, high-tech bicycles, cell phones, and even laptop computers.
''] ''named Ferrari number one on its 2007 list of the ].

== History of Ferrari ==
{{main|History of Ferrari}}

=== 1929–1946 ===
Enzo Anselmo Ferrari never intended to produce road cars when he formed ''Scuderia Ferrari'' (literally "Ferrari Stable", usually used to mean "Team Ferrari", it is correctly pronounced "skoo deh ''REE'' ah") in 1929 as a sponsor for amateur drivers headquartered in Modena. Ferrari prepared and successfully raced various drivers in ] cars until 1938, when he was officially hired by Alfa to head their racing department.

In 1940, Alfa Romeo was absorbed by the ] government of ] as part of the ]' war effort. Enzo Ferrari's division was small enough to be unaffected by this. Because he was prohibited by contract from racing for four years, the ''Scuderia'' briefly became ], which ostensibly produced machine tools and aircraft accessories. Also known as SEFAC (Scuderia Enzo Ferrari Auto Corse), Ferrari did in fact produce one race car, the ], in the non-competition period. It was the first actual Ferrari car (it debuted at the 1940 ]), but due to ] it saw little competition. In 1943 the Ferrari factory moved to Maranello, where it has remained ever since. The factory was bombed by the ] in 1944 and rebuilt in 1946, after the war ended, and included a works for road car production. Until ]'s death, this would remain little more than a source of funding for his first love, racing.

=== 1947–present ===
]
]
The first Ferrari road car was the 1947 ], powered by a 1.5&nbsp;L ]; ] reluctantly built and sold his automobiles to fund the '']''. While his beautiful and fast cars quickly gained a reputation for excellence, ] maintained a famous distaste for his customers, most of whom he felt were buying his cars for the prestige and not the performance.
] during the team's final year in the ].]]
=== Sports car racing ===
In 1949, ] drove a ] to Ferrari's first win in ], the ]. Ferrari went on to dominate the early years of the ] which was created in ], winning the ] seven out of its first nine years. When the championship changed formats in ], Ferrari earned championships in at least one class until ], then again in ]. Ferrari would win one final championship in ] before Enzo decided to leave sports car racing and concentrate ] solely on ].

During Ferrari's seasons of the ], they also gained more wins at the ], with the factory team earning their first in {{24hLM|1954}}. Another win would come in {{24hLM|1958}} before they began a streak of five straight wins from {{24hLM|1960}} to {{24hLM|1964}}. ]'s ] (NART) would take Ferrari's final victory at ] in {{24hLM|1965}}.

Although ] no longer participated in sports cars after 1973, they have occasionally built various successful sports cars for ]. These include the ] in the 1970s, the ] which won the ] in the 1990s, and currently the ] GT2 and GT3 which are currently winning championships in their respective classes.

=== Formula One ===
{{Main|Scuderia Ferrari}}
] won its most recent ] title in {{F1|2007}}, with ] and ] at the wheel.]]
The Scuderia joined the ] World Championship in the first year of its existence, 1950. ] gave the team its first victory at the ].

] gave Ferrari its first ] a year later. Ferrari is the oldest team left in the championship, not to mention the most successful: the team holds nearly every Formula One record. As of ], the team's records include 15 World Drivers Championship titles (], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ] and ]) 15 World Constructors Championship titles (], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ] and ]), 201 Grand Prix victories, 4753.27 points, 603 podium finishes, 195 ]s, 12,489 laps led, and 205 fastest laps in 758 Grands Prix contested.

Notable Ferrari drivers include ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], and ].

The ] drivers for the 2006 F1 season were ] and ]. At the end of the 2006 season the team courted controversy by continuing to allow ] to sponsor them after they, along with the other F1 teams, made a promise to end ]ship deals with ]. A five year deal worth a reported $500 million was agreed.{{Fact|date=February 2007}}

The drivers competing in 2007 were ] and ]. Räikkönen went on to win the drivers championship, with Massa finishing 4th.

=== A1 Grand Prix ===
On ] 2007, it was announced that Ferrari will power all ] cars from the 2008-09 season.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://uk.eurosport.yahoo.com/11102007/4/ferrari-s-a1gp-deal.html |title=Ferrari's A1GP Deal |date=2007-10-11 |accessdate=2008-03-24 |publisher=Yahoo Sport}}</ref>

== The "Cavallino Rampante" ==
The famous symbol of the Ferrari race team is a black prancing stallion on a yellow shield, usually with the letters ''S F'' (for ''Scuderia Ferrari''), with three stripes of green, white and red (the Italian national colors) at the top. The road cars have a rectangular badge on the hood (see picture above) and this race logo on the side.

On ], ], Enzo Ferrari won a race at the ] track in ] where he met the Countess Paolina, mother of Count ], an ace of the ] and national hero of ], who used to paint a horse on the side of his planes. The Countess asked Enzo to use this horse on his cars, suggesting that it would bring him good luck. The original "prancing horse" on Baracca's airplane was painted in red on a white cloud-like shape, but Ferrari chose to have the horse in black (as it had been painted as a sign of grief on Baracca's squadron planes after the pilot was killed in action) and he added a ] yellow background as this is the color of the city of ], his birthplace. The Ferrari horse was, from the very beginning, markedly different from the Baracca horse in most details, the most noticeable being the tail that in the original Baracca version was pointing downward.

]

Ferrari has used the ''cavallino rampante'' on official company stationery since 1929. Since the ] of ], ], the ''cavallino rampante'' has been used on Alfa Romeos raced by Scuderia Ferrari.

A similar black horse on a yellow shield is the ] of the ] city of ]. This horse motif comes from the origins of the city's name: it comes from ''Stutengarten'', an ancient form of the modern German word ''Gestüt'', which translates into English as ''stud farm'' and into Italian as ''scuderia''. Stuttgart is the home of ], which also uses the Stuttgart sign in its corporate logo, centred in the emblem of the state of ].

], Germany]]

] used the ''cavallino rampante'' on his ] motorbikes, as Taglioni was born at Lugo di Romagna like Baracca, and his father too was a military pilot during WWI (even if not part of Baracca's squadron, as is mistakenly reported). As Ferrari's fame grew, Ducati abandoned the horse- perhaps the result of a private agreement between the two companies.

]

The ''cavallino rampante'' is now a ] of Ferrari. However, other companies use similar logos: Avanti, an Austrian company operating over 100 ]s, uses a prancing horse logo which is nearly identical to Ferrari's.

Many aspects of the cover design of the third ] album, ], as well as the single ] and some single promos pay homage to the Ferrari logo.

== Rosso Corsa ==
{{main|Rosso corsa}}

Since the 1920s, Italian race cars of ], ] and later Ferrari and ] were (and often still are) painted in "race red" (''Rosso Corsa''). This was the customary ] of Italy, as recommended between the World Wars by the organizations that later would become the ]. In that scheme, French cars like ] were blue, German like ], ], and ] white (since 1934 also ]), and British such as ] ], for instance.

Curiously, Ferrari won the 1964 World championship with ] by competing the last two races in cars painted white and blue, as these were not entered by the Italian factory themselves, but the U.S.-based ] team. This was done as a protest concerning arguments between Ferrari and the Italian Racing Authorities regarding the homologation of a new mid-engined Ferrari race car.

== List of models ==

Until the early 1980s, Ferrari followed a three-number naming scheme based on ]:
* ] models used the total displacement (in decilitres) for the first two digits and the number of cylinders as the third. Thus, the ] was a 2.0&nbsp;L V6 powered vehicle, while the ] used a 3.4&nbsp;L V8, although, for the ], the last digit refers to 5 valves per cylinder. Upon introduction of the ] Modena, the digits for V8 models (which now carried a name as well as a number) refer only to total engine displacement. The numerical indication aspect of this name has carried on to the current V8 model, the ].
* ] models used the displacement (in cubic centimetres) of one cylinder. Therefore, the famed 365 Daytona had a 4390&nbsp;cc V12. However, some newer V12-engined Ferraris, such as the ], have three-number designations that refer only to total engine displacement.
* ] models used the displacement in litres. Therefore, the 512BB was five litre flat 12 (a Berlinetta Boxer, in this case). However, the original Berlinetta Boxer was the ], which was named in a similar manner to the V12 models.
* Some models, such as the 1980 ] and the 1984 ] did not follow a three-number naming scheme.

] Sessenta Edition]]

Most Ferraris were also given designations referring to their body style. In general, the following conventions were used:
* '''M''' ("Modificata"), placed at the end of a model's number, denotes a modified version of its predecessor and not a complete evolution (see ] and ]).
* '''GTB''' models are closed ]s, or ]s.
* '''GTS''' in older models, are open Spyders (spelt "y"), or ]s (see ]); however, in more recent models, this suffix is used for ] models (see ], and ] ]; the exception being the ] ], which is the only targa named differently). The convertible models now use the suffix ] (spelt "i") (see ] Spider, and ] ]).

This naming system can be confusing, as some entirely different vehicles used the same engine type and body style. Many Ferraris also had other names affixed (like Daytona) to identify them further. Many such names are actually not official factory names. The Daytona name commemorates Ferrari's in the February 1967 ] with the ]. Only in the , a ] model run by NART, who raced Ferrari's in America) ran second, behind a ].

The various ] models were named for Enzo's son, Dino Ferrari, and are not formally Ferraris, though are to all intents and purposes considered so.

In the mid 1990s, Ferrari added the letter "F" to the beginning of all models (a practice abandoned after the ] and ], but adopted again with the ]).

=== Road models ===
{{Early Ferrari vehicles}}<br>
{{Ferrari vehicles}}<br>
]'s parking lot at the ]]]

====Sports cars====
Ferrari's first models were sports/racing cars quite different from the grand touring models that followed. See below for a complete list.

====2-seat Gran Turismo====
Ferrari quickly moved into the Gran Turismo market, and the bulk of the company's sales remain in this area.

* 1949 ''']'''
* 1950 ''']'''
* 1951 ''']'''
* 1951 ''']'''
* 1953 ''']'''
* 1953 ''']'''
* 1953 ''']'''
* 1954 ''']'''
* 1956 ''']'''
* 1956-1963 ''']'''
* 1957-1960 ''']'''
* 1960 ''']'''
* 1964-1968 ''']'''
** 1964-1965 ] Coupe
** 1964-1965 ] ]
** 1966-1968 ]
* 1964 ''']'''
* 1964 ''']'''
** 1966 ] Coupe
** 1966 ] Spyder
* 1966 ''']'''
* 1968 ''']'''
** 1968-1969 ] Coupe
** 1969-1970 ] Spyder
* 1968-1973 ''']'''
** 1968 365 GTB/4 Coupe
** 1968 ] Spyder
* 1996-2001 ''']'''
** 1996-2001 550 Maranello
** 2001 ]
* 2002-2006 ''']'''
** 2002-2006 575M Maranello
** 2005 ]
* 2007 ''']'''

====Mid-engine V6/V8====
]]]

The Dino was the first mid-engined Ferrari. This layout would go on to be used in most Ferraris of the 1980s and 1990s. V6 and V8 Ferrari models make up well over half of the marque's total production.

* 1968-1974 ''']'''
** 1968-1969 ]
** 1969-1974 ] Berlinetta, or Coupe
** 1972-1974 ] (]) Spyder
* 1975-1989 ''']'''
** 1975-1977 ]
** 1977-1979 308 GTB and GTS
** 1980-1981 ]
** 1980-1981 ]
** 1982-1985 208 GTB/GTS ]
** 1982-1985 308 GTB/GTS Quattrovalvole
** 1986-1989 ]
** 1986 208 GTB/GTS ]
* 1989-1994 ''']'''
** 1989-1993 ]
** 1993-1994 ]
* 1994-1999 ''']'''
** 1994-1999 F355 Berlinetta & GTS
** 1995-1999 F355 Spider
** 1995 ]
** 1998-1999 355 F1
* 1999-2004 ''']'''
** 1999-2004 360 Modena & ]
** 2003-2004 ]
* 2005 ''']'''
** 2005 F430 & F430 Spider
** 2007 ]

====Mid-engine 2+2====
]-bodied ] ]]]

For a time, Ferrari built 2+2 versions of its mid-engined V8 cars. Although they looked quite different from their 2-seat counterparts, both the GT4 and Mondial were closely related to the 308 GTB.

* 1974-1980 ''']'''
** 1974-1975 ]
** 1976-1980 ]
** 1975-1980 ]
* 1980-1993 ''']'''
** 1980-1981 ]
** 1982-1985 ]
** 1983-1985 ]
** 1985-1989 ]
** 1989-1993 ]

====Front-engine 2+2====
]]]

The company has also produced front-engined 2+2 cars, culminating in the current 612 Scaglietti and upcoming California.

* 1960-1963 ''']'''
** 1960-1963 ]
* 1964-1967 ''']'''
** 1964-1965 ]
** 1965-1967 330 GT 2+2 Mk II
* 1967-1971 ''']'''
** 1967-1971 ]
* 1968-1973 ''']'''
** 1971-1972 ]
** 1972-1976 ]
* 1976-1989 ''']'''
** 1976 ]
** 1979 ]
** 1985 ]
* 1992-2003 ''']'''
** 1992-1997 ] Coupe
** 1998-2003 ] Coupe
* 2004 ''']'''
* 2009 ''']'''

====Mid-engine 12-cylinder====
Ferrari entered the mid-engined 12-cylinder fray with the Berlinetta Boxer in 1973. The later Testarossa remains one of the most famous Ferraris.

* 1973-1984 ''']'''
** 1973-1976 ]
** 1976-1981 ]
** 1981-1984 ]
* 1984-1996 ''']'''
** 1984-1992 Testarossa
** 1992-1994 ]
** 1994-1996 ]

====Supercars====
]]]
The company's loftiest efforts have been in the ] market.

* 1962-1964 ''']'''
* 1984-1985 ''']'''
* 1987-1992 ''']'''
* 1995-1997 ''']'''
* 1996 ]
* 2003-2005 ''']'''
* 2006 ''']'''

=== Competition models ===
==== Current ====
*2009 ]
*2008 ]
*2007 ]
*2006-2008 ]
*2006 ]
*2006 ]
*2006 ]

==== Past ====
] collection]]

* Sports cars
** 1940 ]
** 1947 ]
** 1947 ]
** 1948 ]
** 1950 ]
** 1951 ]
** 1951 ]
** 1952 ]
** 1952 ]
** 1952 ]
** 1953 ]
** 1953 ]
** 1953 ]
** 1953 ]
** 1953 ]
** 1953 ]
** 1953 ]
** 1954 ]
** 1954 ]
** 1954 ]
** 1955 ]
** 1955 ]
** 1955 ]
** 1955 ]
** 1956 ]
** 1956 ]
** 1956 ]
** 1956 ]
** 1956 ]
** 1957 ]
** 1957 ]
** 1957 ]
** 1957 ]
** 1960 ]
** 1962 ]
** 1963 ]
** 1963 ]
*** 1963 ]
*** 1964 ]
*** 1964 ]
*** 1965 ]
*** 1966 ]
*** 1967 ]
*** 1967 ]
** 1969 ]
** 1969 ]
** 1969 ]
** 1971 ]
** 1994 ]
** 1995 ]
** 2005 ]

* ]
** 1948 ]
** 1950 ]
** 1950 ]
** 1950 ]
** 1954 ]
** 1954 ]
** 1955 ]
** 1955 ]
** 1957 ]
** 1958 ]
** 1958 ]
** 1959 ]
** 1961 ]
** 1964 ]
** 1964 ]
** 1966 ]
** 1970 ]
** 1971 ]
** 1973 ]
** 1975 ]
** 1976 ]
** 1978 ]
** 1979 ]
** 1980 ]
** 1981 ]
** 1982 ]
** 1983 ]
** 1984 ]
** 1985 ]
** 1986 ]
** 1987 ]
** 1988 ]
** 1989 ]
** 1990 ]
** 1991 ]
** 1991 ]
** 1992 ]
** 1993 ]
** 1994 ]
** 1995 ]
** 1996 ]
** 1997 ]
** 1998 ]
** 1999 ]
** 2000 ]
** 2001 ]
** 2002 ]
** 2003 ]
** 2004 ]
** 2005 ]
** 2006 ]
** 2007 ]

* ]
** 1948 ]
** 1951 ]
** 1953 ]
** 1957 ]
** 1967 ]

===Concept Models===
<!-- Deleted image removed: ]]] -->
** 1968 ]
** 1969 ]
** 1970 ]
** 1989 ]
** 2005 ]
** 2005 ]
** 2006 ]
** 2006 ]

== See also ==
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]

== References ==
*{{cite journal|journal=]|issue=Oct/Nov 2000|pages=94|author=Eric Gustafson|title=Cavallino Rampante}}
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
{{sisterlinks|Ferrari}}
<!--[REDACTED] IS NOT A LINKFARM! -->
* (official website)
* (official mobile website)
*{{dmoz|Recreation/Autos/Makes_and_Models/Ferrari/|List of Ferrari-related websites}}

{{Ferrari_vehicles}}
{{Fiat Group}}
<!-- This company has its own category. If you'd like to add other categories then please add them to
the Ferrari category rather than this article - thx -->

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Revision as of 07:24, 26 May 2008

Ferrari: Difference between revisions Add topic