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| '''Hulda Regehr Clark''' is a ], author, and controversial practitioner of ]. | |||
| '''Hulda Regehr Clark''' (b. 18 October 1928, d. 3 September 2009)<ref name="inmemoriam">, domain registered by Clark's publisher, New Century Press: "On the evening of September 3rd 2009, Dr Hulda Clark’s celebrated life came to an end.)"</ref> was a popular, though controversial, ], author, and practitioner of ]. | |||
| == Background == | == Background == | ||
| Line 6: | Line 7: | ||
| Clark began her studies in biology at the ], ], where she was awarded the ], ], and the ], with a High Honors major in ]. After two years of study at ], she attended the ], studying ] and ]. She received her ] in 1958 from the ]. Her own biographical sketch states that her degree was in ],<ref name="Clayton" /> but the Graduate School's Register of Ph.D. Degrees conferred by the University of Minnesota July 1956-June 1966 states that she received a Ph.D. in 1958 with a major in zoology and a minor in botany, with a thesis entitled "A study of the ion balance of crayfish muscle; evidence for two compartments of cellular potassium."<ref>Library, University of Minnesota</ref> | Clark began her studies in biology at the ], ], where she was awarded the ], ], and the ], with a High Honors major in ]. After two years of study at ], she attended the ], studying ] and ]. She received her ] in 1958 from the ]. Her own biographical sketch states that her degree was in ],<ref name="Clayton" /> but the Graduate School's Register of Ph.D. Degrees conferred by the University of Minnesota July 1956-June 1966 states that she received a Ph.D. in 1958 with a major in zoology and a minor in botany, with a thesis entitled "A study of the ion balance of crayfish muscle; evidence for two compartments of cellular potassium."<ref>Library, University of Minnesota</ref> | ||
| In 1979 Clark left government-funded research and began private consulting and her own research. |
In 1979 Clark left government-funded research and began private consulting and her own research. From 2002 until her death she operated the Century Nutrition health clinic in ], ], where her focus was primarily on late stage ] patients. She published several books, including ''The Cure of All Cancers'', ''The Cure for HIV/AIDS'' and ''The Cure For All Diseases''. According to court records, her books have generated over $7 million in sales, although Clark disputed this figure.<ref name="95percent">{{cite news | url = http://www.signonsandiego.com/news/reports/tjclinics/20020224-9999-operator.html | title = The 95 percent promise? Complaints trail entrepreneur, who claims remarkable cure rate | first = Penni | last = Crabtree | coauthors = Sandra Dibble | work = ] | date = February 24, 2002 | accessdate = March 7, 2007}}</ref> | ||
| She |
She held a ] degree from the ],<ref name="Clayton"> </ref> a school ] from any accreditation agency recognized by the ].<ref>{{cite news | url = http://www.tuscaloosanews.com/article/20070211/NEWS/702110399/1007/DATELINE09 | title = State’s diploma mills draw academic ire | first = Adam | last = Jones | work = Tuscaloosa News | date =February 11, 2007 | accessdate = February 14, 2007}}</ref> | ||
| == |
== Treatment claims == | ||
| According to Clark, all disease is caused by (1) foreign organisms and (2) pollutants that damage the immune system. She asserted that eliminating parasites, bacteria and viruses from the body using herbal remedies or electrocution while removing pollutants from the diet and the environment would cure all diseases. | |||
| In her book "The Cure For All Cancers" Clark |
In her book "The Cure For All Cancers" Clark postulated that all ]s are caused by the ] '']''. However, this worm does not live in the USA and Europe but mainly in ], parts of ], ] and other east-Asian countries, and only in rural areas where people are eating unboiled food from water plants, or where pigs live close to humans. She also said that HIV is a worm virus and that that worm is responsible for ]: ''"I find it ''(F. buski)'' in every case of HIV, Alzheimer's disease. Without this parasite you can't get HIV."'' According to Clark ] is caused by ]s. | ||
| She claims that all diseases can be cured using her methods, including pains in various parts of the body, digestion problems, all cancers, HIV/AIDS, warts, and diabetes. | |||
| Clark claimed that she could actually cure all diseases whereas, she asserted, conventional treatments for diseases such as cancer and HIV/AIDS often only aim to relieve symptoms.<ref>The Cure For All Diseases</ref> David Amrein's website contains a disclaimer stating that her treatments are "not prescribed as treatment for medical or psychological conditions" and that "...the treatments outlined herein are not intended to be a replacement or substitute for other forms of conventional medical treatment."<ref> from David Amrein's website, drclark.net. Accessed 15 Feb 2007.</ref><ref> from Amrein's website, drclark.net. Accessed 15 Feb 2007.</ref> Nonetheless, Clark advocated for the use of her methods as a substitute for standard medical care: | |||
| {{Quotation|Does this mean you can cancel your date for surgery, radiation or chemotherapy? YES! After curing your cancer with this recipe it cannot come back... Remember that oncologists are kind, sensitive, compassionate people. They want the best for you. They have no way of knowing about the true cause and cure of cancer since it has not been published for them.<ref name="ftccomplaint">As quoted in a page capture from www.drclark.net in a . Accessed 27 Dec 2006.</ref>}} | {{Quotation|Does this mean you can cancel your date for surgery, radiation or chemotherapy? YES! After curing your cancer with this recipe it cannot come back... Remember that oncologists are kind, sensitive, compassionate people. They want the best for you. They have no way of knowing about the true cause and cure of cancer since it has not been published for them.<ref name="ftccomplaint">As quoted in a page capture from www.drclark.net in a . Accessed 27 Dec 2006.</ref>}} | ||
| Regarding the effectiveness of her treatment, Clark |
Regarding the effectiveness of her treatment, Clark wrote, "The method is 100% effective in stopping cancer regardless of the type of cancer or how terminal it may be. It follows that this method must work for you, too, if you are able to carry out the instructions."<ref>Clark HR. The Cure for All Cancers. San Diego, CA: ProMotion Publishing, 1993, p. 120.</ref> | ||
| == Major methods and topics == | == Major methods and topics == | ||
| *'''Diet Cleanup''': |
*'''Diet Cleanup''': Clark said that ] and ] were sullied by contaminants such as ], byproducts in manufacturing, residue and ]. | ||
| *'''Homeography''': |
*'''Homeography''': According to Clark, a "new science ... which is the electronic analog of ]." She said an electronic signature of a substance can be transferred into bottles making a "bottle copy" of the original substance and that it can be done indefinitely. | ||
| *''']''': She |
*''']''': She advocated the use of a 'liver flush'. She said it removes ] and ] from the ] and ]s. This involves ], ] ] and a mixture of ] and ] juice. | ||
| *''']''': Clark |
*''']''': Clark said people have parasites that cause numerous problems. She described herbal and electronic methods to remove them, such as her Zapper device (see below). | ||
| *'''Syncrometer''': A device |
*'''Syncrometer''': A "bioresonance" device developed by Clark and claimed to detect contaminants in substances up to one part per trillion. | ||
| *'''Zapper''': |
*'''Zapper''': A device thought to pulse low voltage DC current through the body at specific frequencies. Clark said this device kills ]es, ] and parasites. In one case, a patient with a ] suffered ]s because of interference from the "Zapper." <ref>{{cite journal |author=Furrer M, Naegeli B, Bertel O |title=Hazards of an alternative medicine device in a patient with a pacemaker |journal=N Engl J Med |volume=350 |issue=16 |pages=1688–90 |year=2004 |pmid=15084709 |doi=10.1056/NEJM200404153501623}}</ref> | ||
| === Federal Trade Commission and FDA action === | === Federal Trade Commission and FDA action === | ||
| The ] brought a complaint against the Dr. Clark Research Foundation |
The ] brought a complaint against the Dr. Clark Research Foundation because of the foundation's claims about the effectiveness of the Syncrometer, the Super-Zapper Deluxe and "Dr. Clark's New 21 Day Program for Advanced Cancers."<ref name="ftcsdut">{{cite news | url = http://www.signonsandiego.com/news/business/20030129-9999_1b29quack.html | title = FTC sues over health claims | first = Penni | last = Crabtree | work = ] | date = January 29, 2003 | accessdate= March 7, 2007}}</ref> In November 2004, the case reached stipulated judgment, wherein the case's judge ordered the foundation's operators to offer refunds to the purchasers of these devices and to refrain from making a number of claims about those devices.<ref>, Civ. No. l:03CV0054. Decision of the United States District Court for the Northern Division of Ohio, Eastern Division, dated ] ]. Accessed ] ].</ref> The Director of Enforcement at the ] has stated that Clark's devices seem to be "fraudulent." <ref name="95percent"/> | ||
| == Legal issues == | == Legal issues == | ||
| Line 51: | Line 51: | ||
| In 2002, the '']'' reported that Clark and her son Geoff operated a restaurant and leased housing for patients at Clark's Tijuana clinic. The article described a couple whose daughter, suffering from ], was treated for 10 months by Clark at a cost of approximately $30,000 without improvement. Despite the cost and lack of improvement, the couple stated that Clark insisted she was close to curing the child, and that stopping treatment might endanger her.<ref name="95percent"/> The patient's mother commented, "People don’t understand why we stayed so long, but Hulda Clark did a very good job of preying on us," and Clark, while stating she could not respond to the parents' allegations on grounds of patient confidentiality, denied their statements in general.<ref name="95percent"/> | In 2002, the '']'' reported that Clark and her son Geoff operated a restaurant and leased housing for patients at Clark's Tijuana clinic. The article described a couple whose daughter, suffering from ], was treated for 10 months by Clark at a cost of approximately $30,000 without improvement. Despite the cost and lack of improvement, the couple stated that Clark insisted she was close to curing the child, and that stopping treatment might endanger her.<ref name="95percent"/> The patient's mother commented, "People don’t understand why we stayed so long, but Hulda Clark did a very good job of preying on us," and Clark, while stating she could not respond to the parents' allegations on grounds of patient confidentiality, denied their statements in general.<ref name="95percent"/> | ||
| == Personal == | |||
| Hulda was married to John Burt Clark from 1956 to 1965. During that time she had three sons: Geoffrey Allen Clark, Douglas Burt Walcerz, and Robert John Clark. | |||
| == Works == | == Works == | ||
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| == External links == | == External links == | ||
| === Advocacy === | === Advocacy === | ||
| * | * | ||
| Line 88: | Line 93: | ||
| ] | ] | ||
| ] | ] | ||
| ] | |||
| ] | ] | ||
Revision as of 09:43, 15 September 2009
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Hulda Regehr Clark (b. 18 October 1928, d. 3 September 2009) was a popular, though controversial, naturopath, author, and practitioner of alternative medicine.
Background
Clark began her studies in biology at the University of Saskatchewan, Canada, where she was awarded the Bachelor of Arts, Magna Cum Laude, and the Master of Arts, with a High Honors major in biology. After two years of study at McGill University, she attended the University of Minnesota, studying biophysics and cell physiology. She received her doctorate degree in 1958 from the University of Minnesota. Her own biographical sketch states that her degree was in physiology, but the Graduate School's Register of Ph.D. Degrees conferred by the University of Minnesota July 1956-June 1966 states that she received a Ph.D. in 1958 with a major in zoology and a minor in botany, with a thesis entitled "A study of the ion balance of crayfish muscle; evidence for two compartments of cellular potassium."
In 1979 Clark left government-funded research and began private consulting and her own research. From 2002 until her death she operated the Century Nutrition health clinic in Tijuana, Mexico, where her focus was primarily on late stage cancer patients. She published several books, including The Cure of All Cancers, The Cure for HIV/AIDS and The Cure For All Diseases. According to court records, her books have generated over $7 million in sales, although Clark disputed this figure.
She held a naturopathy degree from the Clayton College of Natural Health, a school that lacks accreditation from any accreditation agency recognized by the U.S. Department of Education.
Treatment claims
According to Clark, all disease is caused by (1) foreign organisms and (2) pollutants that damage the immune system. She asserted that eliminating parasites, bacteria and viruses from the body using herbal remedies or electrocution while removing pollutants from the diet and the environment would cure all diseases.
In her book "The Cure For All Cancers" Clark postulated that all cancers are caused by the flatworm Fasciolopsis buski. However, this worm does not live in the USA and Europe but mainly in India, parts of China, Vietnam and other east-Asian countries, and only in rural areas where people are eating unboiled food from water plants, or where pigs live close to humans. She also said that HIV is a worm virus and that that worm is responsible for AIDS: "I find it (F. buski) in every case of HIV, Alzheimer's disease. Without this parasite you can't get HIV." According to Clark depression is caused by hookworms.
Clark claimed that she could actually cure all diseases whereas, she asserted, conventional treatments for diseases such as cancer and HIV/AIDS often only aim to relieve symptoms. David Amrein's website contains a disclaimer stating that her treatments are "not prescribed as treatment for medical or psychological conditions" and that "...the treatments outlined herein are not intended to be a replacement or substitute for other forms of conventional medical treatment." Nonetheless, Clark advocated for the use of her methods as a substitute for standard medical care:
Does this mean you can cancel your date for surgery, radiation or chemotherapy? YES! After curing your cancer with this recipe it cannot come back... Remember that oncologists are kind, sensitive, compassionate people. They want the best for you. They have no way of knowing about the true cause and cure of cancer since it has not been published for them.
Regarding the effectiveness of her treatment, Clark wrote, "The method is 100% effective in stopping cancer regardless of the type of cancer or how terminal it may be. It follows that this method must work for you, too, if you are able to carry out the instructions."
Major methods and topics
- Diet Cleanup: Clark said that food and supplements were sullied by contaminants such as heavy metals, byproducts in manufacturing, residue and mold.
- Homeography: According to Clark, a "new science ... which is the electronic analog of homeopathy." She said an electronic signature of a substance can be transferred into bottles making a "bottle copy" of the original substance and that it can be done indefinitely.
- Liver flush: She advocated the use of a 'liver flush'. She said it removes gallstones and parasites from the liver and bile ducts. This involves fasting, epsom salt laxatives and a mixture of olive oil and grapefruit juice.
- Parasites: Clark said people have parasites that cause numerous problems. She described herbal and electronic methods to remove them, such as her Zapper device (see below).
- Syncrometer: A "bioresonance" device developed by Clark and claimed to detect contaminants in substances up to one part per trillion.
- Zapper: A device thought to pulse low voltage DC current through the body at specific frequencies. Clark said this device kills viruses, bacteria and parasites. In one case, a patient with a cardiac pacemaker suffered arrhythmias because of interference from the "Zapper."
Federal Trade Commission and FDA action
The Federal Trade Commission brought a complaint against the Dr. Clark Research Foundation because of the foundation's claims about the effectiveness of the Syncrometer, the Super-Zapper Deluxe and "Dr. Clark's New 21 Day Program for Advanced Cancers." In November 2004, the case reached stipulated judgment, wherein the case's judge ordered the foundation's operators to offer refunds to the purchasers of these devices and to refrain from making a number of claims about those devices. The Director of Enforcement at the Food and Drug Administration has stated that Clark's devices seem to be "fraudulent."
Legal issues
In 1993, while Clark lived and practiced in Indiana, a former patient complained to the Indiana attorney general. An investigator for the Indiana Department of Health and a deputy attorney general visited her office incognito as part of a sting operation. Clark proceeded to test the investigator and "told him he had the HIV virus , but said that he did not have cancer." She told the investigator that she could cure his HIV in 3 minutes, but that he would "get it back" unless he committed to returning for six more appointments. She then ordered blood tests from a laboratory. Upon learning of the undercover investigators' status, Clark stated that everything she had told them had been a "mistake". Two days later she had vacated the premises.
In September 1999, Clark was located and arrested in San Diego, California, based on a fugitive warrant from Indiana. According to Clark, this was the first time she learned about the charge. Her lawyer protested the long delay before her arrest, but a prosecutor implied that she fled Indiana "when she learned that she was being investigated by the state," and that the local police department had limited resources to devote to finding her. She was returned to Indiana to stand trial, where she was charged with practicing medicine without a license. The charge was later dismissed for failure to provide her with a speedy trial. The judge's verdict did not address the merits of the charges but only the issue of whether the delay had compromised Clark's ability to mount a defense and her right to a speedy trial.
In February 2001, Mexican authorities inspected Clark's Century Nutrition clinic and ordered it shut down, as the clinic had never registered and was operating without a license. In June 2001, the Mexican authorities announced that the clinic would be permitted to reopen, but was prohibited from offering "alternative" treatments. The clinic was also fined 160,000 pesos (about $18,000), and Clark was barred from working in Mexico, even as a consultant; however, the San Diego Union-Tribune reported in 2003 that there was evidence that Clark continued to work at the clinic.
Evaluation of claims and criticism
Hulda Clark has been criticized because her claims lack scientific validity and consist of anecdotal evidence. Joseph Pizzorno, a prominent naturopathic physician, evaluated Clark's claims and found that her books mixed patients with conventionally diagnosed cancer with those whose cancer diagnosis was based solely on her use of the "Syncrometer". The patients with medically diagnosed cancer did not respond to Clark's treatment, while those she had diagnosed using the "Syncrometer" were "cured". Pizzorno concluded that Clark's treatments were ineffective and that treatments based on Clark's recommendations "pose a substantive public health danger".
The Swiss Study Group for Complementary and Alternative Methods in Cancer (SCAC) issued a strong warning to cancer patients considering Clark's methods:
There is no scientific basis for Hulda Clark's hypotheses and recommendations, including her suggested treatments. The parasite Fasciolopsis buskii does in fact exist, but only in Asian countries, so that an infection in our country is ruled out. Consequently, this parasite does not enter into consideration as a cause of the numerous cases of cancer in the Western countries; at most, it might be one of several causes of liver cancer (and only for this type of cancer) in the Asian countries. As a whole, Clark's thesis cannot be comprehended, nor is it proven. In individual cases, her advice can be very extensive and costly. Hence if patients do not apply her method consistently and their disease continues to progress, they run the risk of attempting to blame themselves for this, rather than Clark's treatment which is ineffective, as viewed at present.
Prominent alternative medicine proponent Andrew Weil has written, "No studies have backed up bizarre claims, and it’s unclear whether the cancer patients she’s supposedly cured ever had cancer to begin with."
In 2002, the San Diego Union-Tribune reported that Clark and her son Geoff operated a restaurant and leased housing for patients at Clark's Tijuana clinic. The article described a couple whose daughter, suffering from spinal muscular atrophy, was treated for 10 months by Clark at a cost of approximately $30,000 without improvement. Despite the cost and lack of improvement, the couple stated that Clark insisted she was close to curing the child, and that stopping treatment might endanger her. The patient's mother commented, "People don’t understand why we stayed so long, but Hulda Clark did a very good job of preying on us," and Clark, while stating she could not respond to the parents' allegations on grounds of patient confidentiality, denied their statements in general.
Personal
Hulda was married to John Burt Clark from 1956 to 1965. During that time she had three sons: Geoffrey Allen Clark, Douglas Burt Walcerz, and Robert John Clark.
Works
- The Cure for All Cancers (1993)
- The Cure For HIV / AIDS (1993)
- The Cure for All Diseases (1995)
- The Cure For All Advanced Cancers (1999)
- Syncrometer Science Laboratory Manual (2000)
- The Prevention of all Cancers (2004)
- The Cure and Prevention of All Cancers (2007)
References
- In Memoriam Website, domain registered by Clark's publisher, New Century Press: "On the evening of September 3rd 2009, Dr Hulda Clark’s celebrated life came to an end.)"
- ^ Hulda Clark biographical sketch.
- Library, University of Minnesota
- ^ Crabtree, Penni (February 24, 2002). "The 95 percent promise? Complaints trail entrepreneur, who claims remarkable cure rate". San Diego Union-Tribune. Retrieved March 7, 2007.
{{cite news}}: Unknown parameter|coauthors=ignored (|author=suggested) (help) - Jones, Adam (February 11, 2007). "State's diploma mills draw academic ire". Tuscaloosa News. Retrieved February 14, 2007.
- The Cure For All Diseases
- Disclaimer from David Amrein's website, drclark.net. Accessed 15 Feb 2007.
- A second disclaimer from Amrein's website, drclark.net. Accessed 15 Feb 2007.
- As quoted in a page capture from www.drclark.net in a Federal Trade Commission complaint against David Amrein's Dr. Clark Research Association. Accessed 27 Dec 2006.
- Clark HR. The Cure for All Cancers. San Diego, CA: ProMotion Publishing, 1993, p. 120.
- Furrer M, Naegeli B, Bertel O (2004). "Hazards of an alternative medicine device in a patient with a pacemaker". N Engl J Med. 350 (16): 1688–90. doi:10.1056/NEJM200404153501623. PMID 15084709.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Crabtree, Penni (January 29, 2003). "FTC sues over health claims". San Diego Union-Tribune. Retrieved March 7, 2007.
- Stipulated Final Judgment and Order for Permanent Injunction and Other Equitable Relief, Civ. No. l:03CV0054. Decision of the United States District Court for the Northern Division of Ohio, Eastern Division, dated November 18 2004. Accessed March 7 2007.
- State of Indiana vs. Hulda Clark: Probable Cause Affidavit, Filed August 16, 1993
- Hinnefeld, Steve, Clark won't face charges in the Herald-Times of April 19, 2000.
- ^ Hinnefeld, Steve, Woman who claims healing knowledge faces charges, Herald Times, April 5, 2000, Accessed 7-11-2007
- Western Herb and Dietary Products: Evaluation by Dr. Joseph E. Pizzorno, N.D. May 8, 2001. Accessed 15 Feb 2007.
- A cure for AIDS, Avert.org, retrieved November 7, 2007. available online
- "Feds prescribe a lawsuit for cancercure.com". Puget Sound Business Journal. June 15, 2001.
- "Swiss Study Group for Complementary and Alternative Methods in Cancer (SCAC) warns cancer patients against reliance on Clark's methods" (PDF). Swiss Study Group for Complementary and Alternative Methods.
- Weil, Andrew. "Exploring Alternative Cancer Treatments". Andrew Weil's Self Healing. Retrieved May 4, 2007.(subscription required)
External links
Advocacy
Legal
- Federal Trade Commission Action Against Dr. Clark Research Association.
- State of Indiana vs. Hulda Clark, Probable Cause Affidavit. Filed August 16, 1993.
Assessments of claims
- Swiss Study Group for Complementary and Alternative Methods in Cancer (SCAC): Hulda Clark.
- CancerGuide: Hulda Clark's "Cure for All Cancers".
- The Bizarre Claims of Hulda Clark - Page on Hulda Clark from Quackwatch, which has been involved in litigation with Clark.
Newspaper coverage
- "The 95 percent promise? Complaints trail entrepreneur, who claims remarkable cure rate". Published in the San Diego Union-Tribune, February 24 2002.
- "FTC Sues over Health Claims", published in the San Diego Union-Tribune, January 29 2003.