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{{Islam}} {{Islam}}
'''Hasan ibn Ali ibn Abu Talib''' (c. ] - ]) ({{lang-ar|حسن بن علي بن أبي طالب}}; ]: Hasan bin 'Alī bin 'Abī Tālib; alternative spelling ''Hassan'') was the son of ] and ], and the first grandson of ]. He is considered the second ] by most ] Muslim sects; other sects accept his brother ] as the second Shia Imam. Some Sunnis recognize him as the fifth ]. Nonetheless, he is an important figure in both ] and Shi'a Islam as a member of the ], the household of Muhammad. '''Hasan ibn Ali ibn Abu Talib''' (c. ] - ]) ({{lang-ar|حسن بن علي بن أبي طالب}}; ]: Hasan bin 'Alī bin 'Abī Tālib; alternative spelling ''Hassan'') was the son of ] and ], and the first grandson of ]. He is considered the second ] by most ] Muslim sects; other sects accept his brother ] as the second Shia Imam. Nonetheless, he is an important figure in both ] and Shi'a Islam as a member of the ], the household of Muhammad.

<table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 style="float: right; border-collapse: collapse">
<caption> </caption>

<tr bgcolor="#009933"><th> <font color="#FFFFCC">General Information</font></td><tr><td>
<tr bgcolor="#CCFFCC"><th><font color="#006600">Name: <font color="#000000">Hassan Mujtaba<tr><td>
<tr bgcolor="#CCFFCC"><th><font color="#006600">Title: <font color="#000000">Imam Hassan<tr><td>
<tr bgcolor="#CCFFCC"><th><font color="#006600">Subtitle: <font color="#000000">Abu Muhammad<tr><td>
<tr bgcolor="#CCFFCC"><th><font color="#006600">Imam: <font color="#000000">Second<tr><td>
<tr bgcolor="#CCFFCC"><th><font color="#006600">Father <font color="#000000">Ali<tr><td>
<tr bgcolor="#CCFFCC"><th><font color="#006600">Mother <font color="#000000">Fatima<tr><td>
<tr bgcolor="#CCFFCC"><th><font color="#006600">Place of Birth: <font color="#000000">Medina<tr><td>
<tr bgcolor="#CCFFCC"><th><font color="#006600">Place of Martyrdom <font color="#000000">Medina<tr><td>
<tr bgcolor="#CCFFCC"><th><font color="#006600">Type of Martyrdom <font color="#000000">Disputed<tr><td>

<tr bgcolor="#CCFFCC"><th><font color="#006600">Buried <font color="#000000">Janat-Ul-Baqi Medina<tr><td>
<tr bgcolor="#009933"><th> <font color="#FFFFCC">Additional Sunni Doctrine: </font></td><tr><td>
<tr bgcolor="#CCFFCC"><th><font color="#006600">Caliph: <font color="#000000">Optional Fifth Caliph<tr><td>

<tr bgcolor="#009933"><th> <font color="#FFFFCC">Additional Shi'i doctrine</font></td><tr><td>
<tr bgcolor="#CCFFCC"><th><font color="#006600">Imam: <font color="#000000">Second<tr><td>

<tr bgcolor="#CCFFCC"><th><font color="#006600">Preceding Imam <font color="#000000">]<tr><td>
<tr bgcolor="#CCFFCC"><th><font color="#006600">Succeeding Imam <font color="#000000">]<tr><td>
</table><br><br><br><br><br>




== His birth and family life == == His birth and family life ==
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== The Caliphate == == The Caliphate ==



Upon the death of Ali at ], the Muslim garrison town in what is now Southern Iraq, a number of Ali's Kufan supporters swore allegiance to Hasan as caliph. This threatened the ambitious ], who had already seized much of the Islamic empire from Ali. Mu'awiya summoned all the commanders of his forces in Syria, Palestine, and Transjordan to join him in preparation for war. He also attempted to negotiate with Hasan, sending the young heir letters asking him to give up his claim. If he could persuad Hasan to renounce his claim to the caliphate, then Muawiyah could avoid having to kill fellow Muslims and would have a much stronger claim to the caliphate himself. If Muawiyah were forced to defeat Hasan in battle, Muawiyah would gain absolute power, but questions regarding his legitimacy would linger. Upon the death of Ali at ], the Muslim garrison town in what is now Southern Iraq, a number of Ali's Kufan supporters swore allegiance to Hasan as caliph. This threatened the ambitious ], who had already seized much of the Islamic empire from Ali. Mu'awiya summoned all the commanders of his forces in Syria, Palestine, and Transjordan to join him in preparation for war. He also attempted to negotiate with Hasan, sending the young heir letters asking him to give up his claim. If he could persuad Hasan to renounce his claim to the caliphate, then Muawiyah could avoid having to kill fellow Muslims and would have a much stronger claim to the caliphate himself. If Muawiyah were forced to defeat Hasan in battle, Muawiyah would gain absolute power, but questions regarding his legitimacy would linger.
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Hasan died in Medina in the year ]. He is buried at the famous ] cemetery across from the ]. Shi'a say that he was poisoned by his wife, at the urging of Muawiyah, and that his death was thus a ''martyrdom''. Hasan died in Medina in the year ]. He is buried at the famous ] cemetery across from the ]. Shi'a say that he was poisoned by his wife, at the urging of Muawiyah, and that his death was thus a ''martyrdom''.



{{start box}} {{start box}}
{{succession box | before = ]| title = ] ]|years=]| after = ]}}
{{succession box | before = ]| title = ]|years=661&ndash;669| after = ]}} {{succession box | before = ]| title = ]|years=661&ndash;669| after = ]}}
{{end box}} {{end box}}
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* by Shaykh Radi Al-Yasin. * by Shaykh Radi Al-Yasin.
*http://www.balagh.net/english/ahl_bayt/sulh_al-hasan/25.htm *http://www.balagh.net/english/ahl_bayt/sulh_al-hasan/25.htm




] ]

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Hasan ibn Ali ibn Abu Talib (c. 625 - 669) (Template:Lang-ar; transliterated: Hasan bin 'Alī bin 'Abī Tālib; alternative spelling Hassan) was the son of Ali ibn Abu Talib and Fatima Zahra, and the first grandson of Muhammad. He is considered the second Shia Imam by most Shi'a Muslim sects; other sects accept his brother Husayn ibn Ali as the second Shia Imam. Nonetheless, he is an important figure in both Sunni and Shi'a Islam as a member of the Ahl al-Bayt, the household of Muhammad.

His birth and family life

Hasan ibn Ali was born two years after the Hijra (622 CE), the migration of the early Muslim community from Mecca to Medina. His parents were Ali, Muhammad's cousin and trusted lieutenant, and Fatima Zahra, Muhammad's daughter.

Hasan ibn Ali was Muhammad's first grandchild. According to Shi'a tradition, he was named by his grandfather, who acted on divine inspiration. Hasan means "handsome" in Arabic.

Hasan and his brother Husayn ibn Ali are said to have been greatly beloved by their grandfather. There are numerous hadith, or oral traditions, that make this claim. Other hadiths say that Hasan and Husayn will be the leaders of the youth in paradise. Shi'a believe that Hasan is one of the four persons included in the Hadith Of The Cloak.

The Caliphate

Upon the death of Ali at Kufa, the Muslim garrison town in what is now Southern Iraq, a number of Ali's Kufan supporters swore allegiance to Hasan as caliph. This threatened the ambitious Muawiyah, who had already seized much of the Islamic empire from Ali. Mu'awiya summoned all the commanders of his forces in Syria, Palestine, and Transjordan to join him in preparation for war. He also attempted to negotiate with Hasan, sending the young heir letters asking him to give up his claim. If he could persuad Hasan to renounce his claim to the caliphate, then Muawiyah could avoid having to kill fellow Muslims and would have a much stronger claim to the caliphate himself. If Muawiyah were forced to defeat Hasan in battle, Muawiyah would gain absolute power, but questions regarding his legitimacy would linger.

Negotiations stalled, and Mu'awiya marched against Hasan with an army said to number sixty thousand men . Hasan too marched his army towards Mu'awiya. The two armies faced each near Sabat.

During this period of suspense, Hasan is said to have given a sermon in which he proclaimed his hatred of schism and appealed to his men to follow his orders even though they did not agree with him. Some of the troops took this as a sign that Hasan was preparing to surrender, and attacked Hasan. Hasan was wounded, but loyal soldiers surrounded him and killed the mutineers. Another one of Hasan's commanders, Ubayd Allah, deserted and joined Mu'awiya's forces.

The two armies fought a few inconclusive skirmishes. Hasan, wounded, facing disaffection in his own army, finally negotiated a settlement with Mu'awiyah. Hasan stipulated that Mu'awiyah should follow the Qur'an and the Sunnah, allow a shura to be held after his death, and refrain from any acts of revenge against Hasan's followers. Mu'awiyah is said to have later repudiated this agreement as extorted from him, hence not binding.

Mu'awiyah proceeded to Kufa and demanded that the Muslims there swear allegiance. He also attempted to force Hasan to fight for him against the rebellious Kharijites. Hasan is said to have written:

"I have abandoned the fight against you, even though it was my legal right, for the sake of peace and reconciliation of the Community. Do you think that I shall fight together with you?"

Was he a Sunni Caliph?

Most caliph lists do not include Hasan. However, some of the older Sunni historians, such as Suyuti, Ibn Arabi, and Ibn Kathir accept Hasan as a caliph .

Hasan ruled only briefly and was recognized by only a portion of the Islamic empire. However, this is true of other historical figures , some of whom are included in the usual lists and some of whom aren't. The commonly accepted lists are, ultimately, only approximations to the complexity of past events.

Retirement to Medina

Hasan retired to Medina. He received a pension from Mu'awiyah and also some income from the properties he had inherited.

Three hundred concubines?

Some accounts say that Hasan lived a life of indulgence and ease, marrying (Nikah) and divorcing (Talaq) numerous wives (said to number sixty to ninety) and accumulating three hundred concubines (Nikah Mut'ah). Some scholars still accept these stories. Wilferd Madelung, a contemporary expert in early Islam and Shi'a studies, regards those stories as base slander and devotes a whole section of his book on the succession to refuting them.

His death

Hasan died in Medina in the year 669. He is buried at the famous Jannat ul-Baqi cemetery across from the Masjid al Nabawi. Shi'a say that he was poisoned by his wife, at the urging of Muawiyah, and that his death was thus a martyrdom.


Preceded byAli ibn Abu Talib Shia Imam
661–669
Succeeded byHusayn ibn Ali

See also

Notes and References

Ibn Arabi in his Sharh Sunan al-Tirmidhi ref
Ibn Kathir in The Beginning and the End Vol 6 page 249-250

External links

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