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| The '''Theotokos of Vladimir''' ({{lang-el|Θεοτόκος του Βλαντιμίρ}}), also known as '''Our Lady of Vladimir''', '''Vladimir Mother of God''', or '''Virgin of Vladimir''' ({{lang-ru|Владимирская Икона Божией Матери}}) and "The Vladimir Madonna" - is one of the most venerated ] icons and a typical example of ] ] ]. The '']'' (] word for Virgin Mary, literally meaning "Birth-Giver of God") is regarded as the ] protectress of ]. The ] is displayed in the ], ]. Her feast day is June 3. Even more than most famous icons, the original has been copied repeatedly for centuries. Many copies now have considerable artistic and religious significance of their own. The icon is a version of the '']'' (tenderness) type, with the Christ child snuggling up to his mother's cheek. | The '''Theotokos of Vladimir''' ({{lang-el|Θεοτόκος του Βλαντιμίρ}}), also known as '''Our Lady of Vladimir''', '''Vladimir Mother of God''', or '''Virgin of Vladimir''' ({{lang-ru|Владимирская Икона Божией Матери}}) and "The Vladimir Madonna" - is one of the most venerated ] icons and a typical example of ] ] ]. The '']'' (] word for Virgin Mary, literally meaning "Birth-Giver of God") is regarded as the ] protectress of ]. The ] is displayed in the ], ]. Her feast day is June 3. Even more than most famous icons, the original has been copied repeatedly for centuries. Many copies now have considerable artistic and religious significance of their own. The icon is a version of the '']'' (tenderness) type, with the Christ child snuggling up to his mother's cheek. | ||
| The current location of the icon in a church building on the grounds of the ].{{fact|date=December 2012}} | |||
| About 1131 the ] ] ]{{clarify|date=August 2012|reason=Chrysoberges wasn't Patriarch until 1156}} of ] sent the icon as a gift to ] ] of ]. The image was kept in the ] until Dolgoruky's son ] brought it to his favourite city, ], in 1155.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.vyshgorod-museum.org.ua/index.php?go=News&file=print&id=5|title=Kyievo-Mezhyhirksyi Spaso-Preobrazhenskyi Monastyr|accessdate=2007-12-27|work=Government historical-cultural reserve in the city of ]|language=Ukrainian}}</ref> Tradition tells that the horses transporting the icon stopped near Vladimir and refused to go further. People interpreted this as a ] that the ''Theotokos'' wanted her icon to stay in Vladimir. To house the icon, the great ] was built there, followed by other churches dedicated to the Virgin throughout Ukraine. | About 1131 the ] ] ]{{clarify|date=August 2012|reason=Chrysoberges wasn't Patriarch until 1156}} of ] sent the icon as a gift to ] ] of ]. The image was kept in the ] until Dolgoruky's son ] brought it to his favourite city, ], in 1155.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.vyshgorod-museum.org.ua/index.php?go=News&file=print&id=5|title=Kyievo-Mezhyhirksyi Spaso-Preobrazhenskyi Monastyr|accessdate=2007-12-27|work=Government historical-cultural reserve in the city of ]|language=Ukrainian}}</ref> Tradition tells that the horses transporting the icon stopped near Vladimir and refused to go further. People interpreted this as a ] that the ''Theotokos'' wanted her icon to stay in Vladimir. To house the icon, the great ] was built there, followed by other churches dedicated to the Virgin throughout Ukraine. | ||
| In 1395, during ]'s invasion, the image was taken from Vladimir to the new capital, Moscow. The spot where people and the ruling prince met the icon is commemorated by the ]. ] spent a night crying over the icon, and Tamerlane's armies retreated the same day. The Muscovites refused to return the icon to Vladimir and placed it in the ] of the ]. The intercession of the Theotokos through the image was credited also with saving Moscow from ] hordes in 1451 and 1480. | In 1395, during ]'s invasion, the image was taken from Vladimir to the new capital, Moscow. The spot where people and the ruling prince met the icon is commemorated by the ]. ] spent a night crying over the icon, and Tamerlane's armies retreated the same day. The Muscovites refused to return the icon to Vladimir and placed it in the ] of the ]. The intercession of the Theotokos through the image was credited also with saving Moscow from ] hordes in 1451 and 1480.{{fact|date=December 2012}} | ||
| The icon of the Theotokos of Vladimir is sometimes described as expressing universal feelings of motherly love and anxiety for her child. By the 16th century, the ''Vladimirskaya'' (as the ] call it) was a thing of ].{{fact|date=December 2012}} A pious custom of the church asserted that the icon was painted by ]. {{fact|date=December 2012}} The venerated image was used in celebration of coronations of ]s, elections of patriarchs, and other important ceremonies of state. {{fact|date=December 2012}} | |||
| ⚫ | As a work of art, the Theotokos is widely regarded as the most important icon produced during the ] period. Scholars believe that it expresses deeper humanity and emotionality than that typical of contemporary ], and may hint at the style of the lost secular art of the empire.{{fact|date=December 2012}} As David Talbot Rice asserts in the latest edition of the '']'', "it is of considerable importance in the history of painting, for it not only is a work of outstandingly high quality but also is in a new, more human style, anticipating the late Byzantine style that flourished between 1204 and 1453." {{fact|date=December 2012}} | ||
| The icon of the Theotokos of Vladimir is sometimes described as expressing universal feelings of motherly love and anxiety for her child. By the 16th century, the ''Vladimirskaya'' (as the ] call it) was a thing of ]. A pious custom of the church asserted that the icon was painted by ]. The venerated image was used in celebration of coronations of ]s, elections of patriarchs, and other important ceremonies of state. In December 1941, as the Germans approached Moscow, ] allegedly ordered a service in the Assumption Cathedral to protect the city from the enmy and that the icon be placed in an airplane and flown around the besieged capital. Several days later, the German army started to retreat.<ref></ref> ] | |||
| A close-up of the mother's eye of the icon, is seen on the logo of ], founded by ].{{fact|date=December 2012}} | |||
| ⚫ | As a work of art, the Theotokos is widely regarded as the most important icon produced during the ] period. Scholars believe that it expresses deeper humanity and emotionality than that typical of contemporary ], and may hint at the style of the lost secular art of the empire. As David Talbot Rice asserts in the latest edition of the '']'', "it is of considerable importance in the history of painting, for it not only is a work of outstandingly high quality but also is in a new, more human style, anticipating the late Byzantine style that flourished between 1204 and 1453." |
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| ==See also== | ==See also== | ||
Revision as of 01:56, 14 December 2012
The Theotokos of Vladimir (Template:Lang-el), also known as Our Lady of Vladimir, Vladimir Mother of God, or Virgin of Vladimir (Template:Lang-ru) and "The Vladimir Madonna" - is one of the most venerated Orthodox icons and a typical example of Eleusa Byzantine iconography. The Theotokos (Greek word for Virgin Mary, literally meaning "Birth-Giver of God") is regarded as the holy protectress of Russia. The icon is displayed in the Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow. Her feast day is June 3. Even more than most famous icons, the original has been copied repeatedly for centuries. Many copies now have considerable artistic and religious significance of their own. The icon is a version of the Eleusa (tenderness) type, with the Christ child snuggling up to his mother's cheek.
The current location of the icon in a church building on the grounds of the Tretyakov Gallery.
About 1131 the Greek Patriarch Luke Chrysoberges of Constantinople sent the icon as a gift to Grand Duke Yury Dolgoruky of Kiev. The image was kept in the Mezhyhirskyi Monastery until Dolgoruky's son Andrey Bogolyubskiy brought it to his favourite city, Vladimir, in 1155. Tradition tells that the horses transporting the icon stopped near Vladimir and refused to go further. People interpreted this as a sign that the Theotokos wanted her icon to stay in Vladimir. To house the icon, the great Assumption Cathedral was built there, followed by other churches dedicated to the Virgin throughout Ukraine.
In 1395, during Tamerlane's invasion, the image was taken from Vladimir to the new capital, Moscow. The spot where people and the ruling prince met the icon is commemorated by the Sretensky Monastery. Vasili I of Moscow spent a night crying over the icon, and Tamerlane's armies retreated the same day. The Muscovites refused to return the icon to Vladimir and placed it in the Cathedral of the Dormition of the Moscow Kremlin. The intercession of the Theotokos through the image was credited also with saving Moscow from Tatar hordes in 1451 and 1480.
The icon of the Theotokos of Vladimir is sometimes described as expressing universal feelings of motherly love and anxiety for her child. By the 16th century, the Vladimirskaya (as the Russians call it) was a thing of legend. A pious custom of the church asserted that the icon was painted by St Luke. The venerated image was used in celebration of coronations of tsars, elections of patriarchs, and other important ceremonies of state.
As a work of art, the Theotokos is widely regarded as the most important icon produced during the Comnenian period. Scholars believe that it expresses deeper humanity and emotionality than that typical of contemporary Byzantine religious art, and may hint at the style of the lost secular art of the empire. As David Talbot Rice asserts in the latest edition of the Encyclopaedia Britannica, "it is of considerable importance in the history of painting, for it not only is a work of outstandingly high quality but also is in a new, more human style, anticipating the late Byzantine style that flourished between 1204 and 1453."
A close-up of the mother's eye of the icon, is seen on the logo of Icon Productions, founded by Mel Gibson.
See also
- Eleusa icon
- Our Lady of Vladimir Church – a church in St. Petersburg, is painted in gold and black, the colours of the Theotokos of Vladimir
- Our Lady of St. Theodore - a miraculous icon said to be painted after the Vladimirskaya
References
- "Kyievo-Mezhyhirksyi Spaso-Preobrazhenskyi Monastyr". Government historical-cultural reserve in the city of Vyshhorod (in Ukrainian). Retrieved 2007-12-27.
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