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| {{Infobox person | {{Infobox person | ||
| | honorific_prefix = | |||
| | name = Theodor Anton Max Ippen | | name = Theodor Anton Max Ippen | ||
| | honorific_suffix = | |||
| | native_name = | |||
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| | image = TheodorIppen.jpg | | image = TheodorIppen.jpg | ||
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| | alt = Theodor Anton Ippen | |||
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| | birth_name = | |||
| | birth_date = {{Birth date|1861|11|29}} | | birth_date = {{Birth date|1861|11|29}} | ||
| | birth_place = ], ] | | birth_place = ], ] | ||
| | disappeared_date = <!-- {{Disappeared date and age|YYYY|MM|DD|YYYY|MM|DD}} (disappeared date then birth date) --> | |||
| | disappeared_place = | |||
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| | death_date = {{Death date and age|1935|01|31|1861|11|29}} | | death_date = {{Death date and age|1935|01|31|1861|11|29}} | ||
| | death_place = ], ] | | death_place = ], ] | ||
| | |
| nationality = Austro-Hungarian (1861-1918)<br>Austrian (1918-35) | ||
| ⚫ | | ethnicity = Jewish<ref name="Elsie">{{cite web |url=http://www.albanianhistory.net/texts20_1/AH1916.html | title=1916 | publisher=Robert Elsie |accessdate=December 29, 2012 | author=Elsie, Robert|authorlink=Robert Elsie}}</ref> | ||
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| | nationality = ] | |||
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| ⚫ | | ethnicity = Jewish<ref>{{cite web | |
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| | citizenship = | |||
| | education = | |||
| | alma_mater = Oriental languages and economics at the ] in Vienna | | alma_mater = Oriental languages and economics at the ] in Vienna | ||
| | occupation = diplomat | | occupation = diplomat | ||
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| | employer = ] | | employer = ] | ||
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| }} | }} | ||
| '''Theodor Anton Max Ippen'''(1861—1935) was an Austrian scholar and diplomat. | |||
| '''Theodor Anton Ippen''' of '''Theodor Anton Max Ippen''' (1861—1935) was a ], ] and ] of ]. Ippen belonged to the group of ] who published their works on Albania trough the state-financed institutes of Austria-Hungary in order to create the Albanian national consciousness which he believed would be beneficial for Dual Monarchy. Ippen supported the establishment of an independent nation-state of Albanians. He served as diplomat in ], ], ], ], ] and ] where he advised ambassador of Austria-Hungary during ] which ended with signing of the ] and a decision to establish the ] reached on 29 July 1913. In period between 1921 and 1927 he was a member of the ]. | |||
| He served as diplomat of the empire in ], ], ], ],] and ]. His appointment in Jerusalem was hailed by contemporary Jewish press as the "first time a Jew had been had been invested with consular functions in Jerusalem as representative of a European power".<ref>{{cite book|title=The Peculiar People: A Christian Monthly Devoted to Jewish Interests|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=w6o3AAAAMAAJ|year=1895|publisher=American Sabbath Tract Society|page=82}}</ref> | |||
| Along with ] and ], Ippen was considered an expert of Albanian affairs in the foreign ministry of the empire and as such he became an advisor of the Austro-Hungarian delegation during the ] and the consequent ], which among others led to the establishment of the]. In 1921-7 he was a member of the ]. Ippen wrote many works on Albanian history and culture and is considered one of the most prominent] of the early 20th century. | |||
| == Early life == | == Early life == | ||
| Ippen was born on |
Theodor Ippen was born on November 29, 1861 into a Catholic convert family of Jewish origin in], a village of Bohemia.<ref name="Gruber">{{cite journal|last=Gruber|first=Siegfried|year=1998|title=Austrian Contributions to the Ethnological Knowlegde of the Balkans Since 1850|journal=Ethnologia Balcanica|publisher=Prof. M. Drinov Academic Publishing House|volume=2|pages=209–24|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=XGMiAQAAMAAJ&q=ippen+1861&dq=ippen+1861&hl=en&sa=X&ei=AoHfULzsH6LV4gSxrIHIBw&redir_esc=y}}</ref><ref name="Elsie"/> He studied oriental languages and economics at the ] of Vienna. | ||
| == Diplomatic career == | == Diplomatic career == | ||
| Ippen |
Ippen first joined the foreign affairs department of Austria-Hungary as an employee of the consulate of ], ] (then part of the ]) between 1884 and 1887.<ref>{{cite book | ||
| |last=Elsie | |last=Elsie | ||
| |first=Robert | |first=Robert | ||
| Line 96: | Line 33: | ||
| |isbn=1-780764-31-6 | |isbn=1-780764-31-6 | ||
| |url=http://books.google.com.au/books?id=pgf6GWJxuZgC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false | |url=http://books.google.com.au/books?id=pgf6GWJxuZgC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false | ||
| ⚫ | }}</ref> At the end of 1887 he was appointed as vice-consul of ], while in the next years he served as consul in ] (1891—1893) and ] (1893—1895), Istanbul (1895—1897), and again in Shkodër (1897—1904).<ref>{{cite book | title=Österreichisches Biographisches Lexikon und biographische Dokumentation | publisher=Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften |year=2003–2011 | isbn=978-3-7001-3213-4 |page=40 |url=http://www.biographien.ac.at/oebl/oebl_I/Ippen_Theodor_1861_1935.xml}}</ref> | ||
| |ref=harv | |||
| ⚫ | }}</ref> At the end of 1887 he was appointed as |
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| Between 1905 and 1909 he served in ], ] and after 1909 in London where as''Sektionschef'' he advised the Austro-Hungaria delegation during the ].<ref>{{cite book | title=Faik Konitza: selected correspondence |publisher=Centre for Albanian Studies | author=Faik Konica |authorlink=Faik Konica | year=2000 |editor=Destani, Bejtullah D. | url=http://books.google.rs/books?ei=4NriUPyXK-mk4AT5tICIDg&id=guoaAQAAIAAJ&dq=ippen+london+1913+ambassador&q=%22+adviser+to+Austro-Hungarian+Ambassador+to+London+during+the+Ambassador%27s+Conference+in+London+in+1912-1913%22#search_anchor|page=177 | quote=Theodor A. Ippen (1861-1935) Austrian diplomat, based in Shkoder, was adviser to Austro-Hungarian Ambassador to London during the Ambassador's Conference in London in 1912-1913.}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |last=Elsie |first= Robert|author= Robert Elsie |authorlink=Robert Elsie |title=Historical Dictionary Of Albania|url=http://dualibra.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/Historical_Dictionary_of_Albania__Second_Edition.pdf|publisher= Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group |location= Maryland |isbn=9781282521926 |oclc= 816372706}}</ref> Due to Ippen's role, who among others prepared a map of the Albanian-inhabited areas of the Ottoman empire, the Austro-Hungarian is considered the best-informed on the situation of the area.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://david.juden.at/kulturzeitschrift/44-49/kosovo-45.htm |title="SEINE SPOREN IM KOSOVO VERDIENEN..." Ein Altösterreicher als Albanienkenner: Alfred Ritter Rappaport v. Arbengau (1868-1946) | publisher=http://david.juden.at | accessdate=January 04, 2013 |author=William D. Godsey, Jr. | quote=1912 erstellte er eine ethnographische Karte der albanischen Gebiete der Türkei, die der nach London zur Botschafterkonferenz u.a. zur Regelung der Frage der albanischen Unabhängigkeit entsandten Delegation als Grundlage dienen sollte. Im Übrigen war keine der diplomatischen Vertretungen in London so gut und so genau über die nationalen Verhältnisse Albaniens informiert wie die österreichisch-ungarische. }}</ref> After the ] has been signed the ambassadors of six Great Powers decided in July 1913 to recognize ], as an "autonomous, sovereign, hereditary principality".<ref>{{Citation |last=Zolo |first=Danilo |author=Danilo Zolo |title=Invoking humanity: war, law, and global order |url= http://books.google.com/books?id=20kxq_Au3H8C&pg=PA179&dq=Albanian+national+Congress+1912+vlore&hl=en&ei=9jZ5Tdn7HZeL4gax9LWnBg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CDIQ6AEwAjgU#v=onepage&q=Albanian%20national%20Congress%201912%20vlore&f=false|year=2002 |publisher=Continuum |location= London ; New York |language= |isbn=978-0-8264-5655-7 |oclc=47844508 |pages=179, 180 |quote= With the Peace of London, the Great European powers, in the redistributing the land taken from Turks among the Balkan states, decided to create a new state, Albania.}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |last=Llewellyn Smith |first= Sir Michael |author=Sir Michael Llewellyn Smith |editor1=Paschalis Kitromilides |editor1-last= Kitromilides |editor1-first=Paschalis|title=Eleftherios Venizelos : the trials of statesmanship |url=http://books.google.rs/books?id=KQEH4vvG0KwC&pg=PA150&dq=principality+of+Albania+bucharest+1913&hl=en&sa=X&ei=cf0wT8mdC4HP4QS9ovD4BA&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=principality%20of%20Albania%20bucharest%201913&f=false|origyear=2006 |year=2008 |publisher=Edinburgh University Press |location=Edinburgh |isbn=978-0-7486-3364-7 |page=150 |quote=In July 1913 the Powers signed a protocol establishing Albania as an 'autonomous, sovereign, hereditary principality' under their guarantee. They set up a commission to establish the frontiers of the new state. }}</ref> Between 1921 and 1927 he was a member of the ].<ref>{{cite book |url=http://books.google.rs/books?id=pgf6GWJxuZgC&pg=PA215&dq=#v=onepage&q&f=false | title=A Biographical Dictionary of Albanian History | publisher=I.B. Tauris | accessdate=January 04, 2013 |author=Elsie, Robert | page=214 | Authorlink=Robert Elsie | year=2012}}</ref> | |||
| == Albania == | == Albania == | ||
| ] wearing a northern Albanian costume]] | ] wearing a northern Albanian costume]] | ||
| ⚫ | Ippen belonged to the group of Albanologists whose works were published trough the state-financed institutes of ].<ref>{{Citation |last=Blumi |first=Isa |author=Isa Blumi|authorlink= |coauthors= |firstn=,lastn=,authorn= |author-separator= |editor= |editorn=|editorn-last= |editorn-first= |editor-link= |editorn-link= |others= |title=Seeing Beyond the River Drin, Sarajevo, Ottoman Albanians and Imperial Rivalry in the Balkans after 1878 |url=http://www.kakanien.ac.at/beitr/fallstudie/IBlumi1.pdf |archiveurl= |archivedate= |format=|accessdate= |edition= |series= |volume= |date= |origyear= |year=2007 |month= |publisher= Kakanien revisited |location= Austria |language= |isbn= |oclc= |doi= |doi_inactivedate= |bibcode= |id= |page=3|pages= |nopp= |at= |chapter= |chapterurl= |quote= At the center of this Sarajevo-based policy were highly regarded Albanologists such as Theodor Ippen (b.1861), Norbert Jokl (1877-1942) and Franz Nopcsa (1877-1933) who all published influential studies on Albanian language, geography, archeology and history through state-funded institutes in Budapest, Sarajevo and Vienna. |laysummary= |laydate=|separator= |postscript= |lastauthoramp= |ref= }}</ref> Ippen was openly supportive of an independ Albanian educational system, independent state and in his capacity as consul of ] had supported among other works the first complete the history of Albania in Albania.<ref name="Gruber"><ref name="Clayer">{{Citation |last=Clayer |first=Nathalie |author= |authorlink=|coauthors= |author-separator= |editor= |editorn= |editorn-last= |editorn-first= |editor-link=|editorn-link= |others= |title=Aux origines du nationalisme albanais: la naissance d'une nation majoritairement musulmane on Europe |url=http://books.google.rs/books?id=Cb6AsVBn7rQC&pg=PA416&dq=%22Albanie,+l%27%C3%A9criture+et+la+diffusion+d%27une+histoire+de+l%27Albanie.%22&hl=en&sa=X&ei=sbbiUObnBdD64QTX8IDwCw&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=%22Albanie%2C%20l'%C3%A9criture%20et%20la%20diffusion%20d'une%20histoire%20de%20l'Albanie.%22&f=false|archiveurl= |archivedate= |format= |accessdate= January 19, 2011 |edition= |series= |volume= |date=|origyear= |year= 2007 |month= |publisher= Karthala |location= |language= |isbn= 9782845868168 |oclc=|doi= |doi_inactivedate= |bibcode= |id= |page= 416 |pages= |nopp= |at= |chapter= |chapterurl=|quote=Ce sont aussi les fonctionnaires austro-hongrois qui furent à l'origine du premier livre sur l'histoire de l'Albanie en albanais“. Dès le mois de mai 1897, le consul Ippen insistait auprès du ministre des Affaires étrangères de la Double Monarchie sur les avantages que procurerait, pour l'éveil de la conscience nationale albanaise et donc pour l' action autrichienne en Albanie, l'écriture et la diffusion d'une histoire de l'Albanie. |laysummary= |laydate= |separator=|postscript= |lastauthoramp= |ref= }}</ref> As a diplomat he regarded the rise of the movement of the] as favorable to Austro-Hungarian interests. Along with ] he financed Albanian nationalist activities like the translation and distribution of the works of ] in German.<ref>{{Citation |last=Blumi|first=Isa |author=Isa Blumi|authorlink= |coauthors= |firstn=,lastn=,authorn= |author-separator=|editor= |editorn= |editorn-last=|editorn-first= |editor-link= |editorn-link= |others= |title=Seeing Beyond the River Drin, Sarajevo, Ottoman Albanians and Imperial Rivalry in the Balkans after 1878|url=http://www.kakanien.ac.at/beitr/fallstudie/IBlumi1.pdf |archiveurl= |archivedate=|format=|accessdate= |edition= |series= |volume= |date= |origyear= |year=2007 |month= |publisher= Kakanien revisited |location= Austria |language= |isbn= |oclc= |doi= |doi_inactivedate= |bibcode=|id= |page=6|pages= |nopp= |at= |chapter= |chapterurl= |quote= s. Ippen and Nopcsa openly advocated funding efforts to solidify the cultural ambitions of nationalist leaders, resulting, for instance, in the translation into German and distribution of Sami Frashëri’s works |laysummary= |laydate=|separator= |postscript= |lastauthoramp= |ref= }}</ref> | ||
| ⚫ | The group of Western scholars he belonged to played a significant role in the creation and dissemination of the myths of Albanian nationalism, i.e. the myth of connection of ] with Islamic ] aimed to use Bektashism in creation of the 'Albanian identity' and an 'Albanian state'.<ref>{{Citation |last=Schwandner-Sievers |first=Stephanie |author=Stephanie Schwandner-Sievers |coauthors= ], Roderick Bailey, Isa Blumi, Nathalie Clayer, Ger Dujizings, Denisa Costovicova, Annie Lafontaine, ], Nicola Mai, ], Piro Misha, Mariella Pandolfi, Gilles de Rapper, Fabian Schmidt, George Shopflin, Elias G. Skoulidas, Alex Standish and Galia Vatchinova |firstn=Bernd ,lastn=Jürgen Fischer, authorn=Bernd Jürgen Fischer|title=Albanian identities: myth and history |url=http://books.google.gr/books?id=oRASDq3rc-YC&pg=PA43&lpg=PA43&dq=national+myth+albania+skanderbeg&source=bl&ots=7rY9KgiIeo&sig=bYbPXgpuXYz9tLQ6c6NLu0e61Nw&hl=el&ei=Op2fTPf3H9Du4gb70_yuDg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=9&ved=0CEMQ6AEwCA#v=onepage&q=national%20myth%20albania%20skanderbeg&f=false|year= 2002|publisher= Indiana University Press |location= USA |isbn=0-253-34189-2 |page= 131 |quote= We will consider two groups of actors in the 'creation' and diffusion of the myths: Bektashi leaders, and Westerners who came into contact with them (above all Ippen, Degrand, Brailsford, F.W Hasluck, and later Birge).... So clearly the aim was to present Bektashism as a (or the) potential power in the creation of the 'Albanian identity' and an 'Albanian state'}}</ref> | ||
| ⚫ | Ippen belonged to the group of Albanologists whose works were published trough the state-financed institutes of ].<ref>{{Citation |last=Blumi |first=Isa |author=Isa Blumi |
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| ⚫ | The group of Western scholars he belonged to played a significant role in the creation and dissemination of the myths of Albanian nationalism, i.e. the myth of connection of ] with Islamic ] aimed to use Bektashism in creation of the 'Albanian identity' and an 'Albanian state'.<ref>{{Citation |last=Schwandner-Sievers |first=Stephanie |author=Stephanie Schwandner-Sievers |coauthors= ], Roderick Bailey, Isa Blumi, Nathalie Clayer, Ger Dujizings, Denisa Costovicova, Annie Lafontaine, ], Nicola Mai, ], Piro Misha, Mariella Pandolfi, Gilles de Rapper, Fabian Schmidt, George Shopflin, Elias G. Skoulidas, Alex Standish and Galia Vatchinova |firstn=Bernd ,lastn=Jürgen Fischer, authorn=Bernd Jürgen Fischer |
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| and Nopcsa openly advocated funding efforts to solidify the cultural ambitions of nationalist | |||
| leaders, resulting, for instance, in the translation into German and distribution of Sami Frashëri’s works |laysummary= |laydate= |separator= |postscript= |lastauthoramp= |ref= }}</ref> | |||
| ⚫ | In period between 1897 and 1903 he was a ] of ] in |
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| ⚫ | In period between 1897 and 1903 he was a ] of ] in], ].<ref>{{Citation |last=Slijepčević |first=Đoko |author=Đoko Slijepčević |authorlink= |coauthors= |firstn=,lastn=,authorn= |author-separator= |editor= |editorn=|editorn-last= |editorn-first= |editor-link= |editorn-link= |others= |title=Srpsko-arbanaški odnosi kroz vekove sa posebnim osvrtom na novije vreme |url=http://books.google.rs/books?ei=u_3eUO-6EcPd4QSCx4GwCA&id=ZFRpAAAAMAAJ&dq=%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80+%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BD&q=%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BD#search_anchor|archiveurl= |archivedate= |format= |accessdate= |edition=2 |series= |volume= |date= |origyear=1974|year=1983 |month= |publisher= Ostrog |location= Chimelstir |language= Serbian |isbn= |oclc= 247155496 |doi= |doi_inactivedate= |bibcode= |id= |page=209 |pages= |nopp= |at= |chapter=|chapterurl= |quote= |laysummary= |laydate= |separator= |postscript= |lastauthoramp= |ref= }}</ref>In October 1897 Ippen traveled to central Albania and established contacts with important beys in] and ].<ref>{{cite book | title=The Albanian national awakening, 1878-1912 |publisher=Princeton University Press | author=Skendi, Stavro| authorlink=Stavro Skëndi | year=1967 |url=http://books.google.rs/books?ei=AWzlUJfzEOb_4QSjnoHwAw&hl=sr&id=qmm4AAAAIAAJ&dq=ippen+albania&q=%22+In+October+1897+Ippen+undertook+a+trip+in+central+Albania+which+brought+him+in+contact+with+influential+beys+of+Tirana+and+Elbasan.+%22#search_anchor| quote=In October 1897 Ippen undertook a trip in central Albania which brought him in contact with influential beys of Tirana and Elbasan. | page=270}}</ref> Based on Ippen's suggestions, which were result of his visit to the region of ] in August 1896, Austria-Hungary distributed corn to its population between 1897 and 1903 to gain their support.<ref>{{cite book | title=The Albanian national awakening, 1878-1912 | publisher=Princeton University Press | author=Skendi, Stavro |authorlink=Stavro Skëndi | year=1967 | url=http://books.google.rs/books?ei=eJHfUPTgBuX34QSMywE&hl=sr&id=qmm4AAAAIAAJ&dq=ippen+albania&q=%22From+1898+to+19o3+Austria+distributed+corn+to+the+mountaineers%2C+thus+winning+them+to+her+side.%22#search_anchor| quote=distributed corn to the mountaineers, thus winning them to her side | page=270}}</ref> Ippen distributed money to Albanian families, especially to Albanians from ] and] clans located Montenegrin border and most exposed to Montenegrin influence.<ref>{{cite book| title=Nikola Pašić i njegovo doba, 1845-1926 | publisher=Nova Evropa | author=Kazimirović, Vasa |year=1990 | volume=2 | page=231 | url=http://books.google.rs/books?id=Zp8MAAAAIAAJ&q=%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B7%D1%83%D0%BB+%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BD&dq=%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B7%D1%83%D0%BB+%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BD&hl=en&sa=X&ei=3g7mUI-NAojk4QTXgoDIAw&redir_esc=y| coauthors=Filimonović, Slobodan}}</ref> | ||
| ⚫ | It was Ippen who asserted that ] was burried within the fortifications of ]. His opinion was based on the work of ] who wrote that Skanderbeg was buried in the Church of St. Nicholas, without explanation if the church's building was inside or outside the castle. Ippen assumed that such notable person like Skanderbeg would have been buried in the best place of the city, in its castle. He also speculated that this ] transformed this church into a ].<ref>{{cite conference |title=Deuxième Conférence des études albanologiques | |
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| ==Studies == | |||
| ⚫ | It was Ippen who asserted that ] was burried within the fortifications of ]. His opinion was based on the work of ] who wrote that Skanderbeg was buried in the Church of St. Nicholas, without explanation if the church's building was inside or outside the castle. Ippen assumed that such notable person like Skanderbeg would have been buried in the best place of the city, in its castle. He also speculated that this ] transformed this church into a ].<ref>{{cite conference |title=Deuxième Conférence des études albanologiques |url=http://books.google.rs/books?ei=2FXhULT8BpDE4gSVtIGABQ&id=t0PRAAAAMAAJ&dq=Celui+qui+a+voulu+prouver+pourquoi+la+s%C3%A9pulture+du+h%C3%A9ros+devait+%C3%AAtre+cherch%C3%A9e+%C3%A0+l%27int%C3%A9rieur+du+mur+de+ceinture+du+ch%C3%A2teau+fort+a+%C3%A9t%C3%A9+Th.+Ippen.+On+sait+de+l%27histoire+de+Barletius%2C+soutient+Ippen%2C+que+Skanderbeg+a+%C3%A9t%C3%A9+enseveli+dans+l%27%C3%A9glise+de&q=%22Celui+qui+a+voulu+prouver+pourquoi+la+s%C3%A9pulture+du+h%C3%A9ros+devait+%C3%AAtre+cherch%C3%A9e+%C3%A0+l%27int%C3%A9rieur+du+mur+de+ceinture+du+ch%C3%A2teau+fort+a+%C3%A9t%C3%A9+Th.+Ippen.+On+sait+de+l%27histoire+de+Barletius%2C+soutient+Ippen%2C+que+Skanderbeg+a+%C3%A9t%C3%A9+enseveli+dans+l%27%C3%A9glise+de%22#search_anchor| publisher=Université d'état de Tirana, Institut d'histoire et de linguistique | accessdate=December 31, 2012 | year=1969 | conference=Deuxième Conférence des études albanologiques: à l'occasion du 5e centenaire de la mort de Georges Kastriote-Skanderbeg | location=Tirana | page=298 | quote=Celui qui a voulu prouver pourquoi la sépulture du héros devait être cherchée à l'intérieur du mur de ceinture du château fort a été Th. Ippen. On sait de l'histoire de Barletius, soutient Ippen, que Skanderbeg a été enseveli dans l'église de Barletius Saint-Nicolas, mais on n'y explique pas plus en détail où se trouvait ce temple, dans la ville ou bien dans le château fort. D'autre part, Ippen exprime l'opinion qu'un haute personnalité, comme l'était Skanderbeg, doit avoir été inhumé dans la meilleure place de la ville, c'est-à-dire dans son château. De même, en partant du fait que ce château doit avoir eu en ces temps-là un temple chrétien, Ippen ajoute qu'il ne serait pas superflu de conjecturer que l'église de Saint-Nicolas, c'est-à-dire le lieu de sépulture de Skanderbeg, doive se trouver dans le château fort de Lesh, et précisément dans les ruines de sa mosquée qui peut avoir été construite sur les fondations de quelque église préturque.}}</ref> According to Ippen's estimations around 20,000 Albanians fled parts of Ottoman Empire captured by Serbia during Serbian-Ottoman War (1877-1878).<ref>{{cite book | title=Kosovsko-metohijski zbornik | publisher=Srpska akademija nauka i umetnosti | author=Isaković, Antonije| authorlink= Antonije Isaković| year=1990 | location=Belgrade |url=http://books.google.rs/books?id=WKAMAAAAIAAJ&q=%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BD+%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0&dq=%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BD+%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0&hl=en&sa=X&ei=lADgUPrFNoKYtQbK5ICgAw&redir_esc=y| quote=(Ипен наводи да je двадесет хшьада арбанашких исел>еника-мухацира отишло из ослобог)ених Kpajena Cpônje у рату са Турском 1877/78. године}}</ref> | ||
| Ippen was one of the authors whose texts were published in periodical ] published by ] in period 1897—1910.<ref>{{cite web | |
Ippen was one of the authors whose texts were published in periodical ] published by ] in period 1897—1910.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.konitza.eu/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=8&Itemid=11 | title=Qui était Faik Konica? | publisher=http://www.konitza.eu | accessdate=January 01, 2013 | year=2009 | quote=Les collaborateurs et le contenu de la revue “Albania”. La collection d’Albania est réunie en 12 volumes qui font 2500 pages. Ses collaborateurs étaient des écrivains et intellectuels réputés de son temps en Europe comme Guillaume Apollinaire, Emile Legrand, Jan Urban Jarnik, Holger Pedersen, Albert Thumb, Théodore Ippen, etc.}}</ref> Konica assured Ippen that he and his friends believed that Albania should be in political and military union with Austria.<ref>{{cite book | title=Drejt pavarësisë: çështja e çlirimit kombëtar në mendimin politik-shoqëror rilindës 1900-1912 |publisher=Shtëpia Botuese "8 Nëntori" | author=Tarifa, Fatos | year=1985 | location=Tirana |Language=Albanian | page=102 | quote="Është opinioni im dhe i miqve të mi" i shkruante Konica më 1897 konsullit austriak në Shkodër Teodor Ippen — se «do të ishte fat nëse Shqipëria do të arrinte të gëzojë një autonomi administrative me një bashkim politik dhe ushtarak me Austrinë» |url=http://books.google.rs/books?id=pJu4AAAAIAAJ&q=konica+ippen&dq=konica+ippen&hl=en&sa=X&ei=mA_jUO7AKcnTtAbv64GwCw&redir_esc=y}}</ref> | ||
| == Bibliography == | == Bibliography == | ||
| ===Books=== | ===Books=== | ||
| * {{Citation |last= |first= |author= |authorlink= |coauthors= |firstn=,lastn=,authorn= |
* {{Citation |last= |first= |author= |authorlink= |coauthors= |firstn=,lastn=,authorn=|author-separator= |editor= |editorn= |editorn-last= |editorn-first= |editor-link= |editorn-link=|others= |title=Novibazar und Kossovo (das alte Rascien). Eine studie ... |trans_title= |url=http://archive.org/details/novibazarundkos00ippegoog |archiveurl= |archivedate= |format=|accessdate= |edition= |series= |volume= |date= |origyear= |year=1892 |month= |publisher= A. Hölder|location= Vienna |language= German |isbn= |oclc=14192433 |doi= |doi_inactivedate= |bibcode= |id=|page= |pages= |nopp= |at= |chapter= |chapterurl= |quote= |laysummary= |laydate= |separator=|postscript= |lastauthoramp= |ref= }} | ||
| * {{Citation |last= |first= |author= |authorlink= |coauthors= |firstn=,lastn=,authorn= |
* {{Citation |last= |first= |author= |authorlink= |coauthors= |firstn=,lastn=,authorn=|author-separator= |editor= |editorn= |editorn-last= |editorn-first= |editor-link= |editorn-link=|others= |title=Rascien |trans_title= |url= |archiveurl= |archivedate= |format= |accessdate=|edition= |series= |volume= |date= |origyear= |year=1894 |month= |publisher=Knjižnica Odsjeka za povijest |location= |language= |isbn= |oclc= |doi= |doi_inactivedate= |bibcode= |id= |page= |pages=|nopp= |at= |chapter= |chapterurl= |quote= |laysummary= |laydate= |separator= |postscript=|lastauthoramp= |ref= }} | ||
| * {{Citation |last= |first= |author= |authorlink= |coauthors= |firstn=,lastn=,authorn= |
* {{Citation |last= |first= |author= |authorlink= |coauthors= |firstn=,lastn=,authorn=|author-separator= |editor= |editorn= |editorn-last= |editorn-first= |editor-link= |editorn-link=|others= |title=Stare crkvene ruševine u Albaniji |trans_title= Old church ruins in Albania |url=http://mjesec.ffzg.hr/webpac/?rm=results&last_PAGER_offset=0&show_full=1&v=Ippen%20Teodor&f=PersonalName&path=ffpo-libri%2312563|archiveurl= |archivedate= |format= |accessdate= |edition= |series= |volume=|date= |origyear=|year=1899 |month= |publisher= Zemaljska štamparija |location= Sarajevo, Austria-Hungary|language=Bosnian |isbn= |oclc= |doi= |doi_inactivedate= |bibcode= |id= |page= |pages= |nopp= |at=|chapter= |chapterurl= |quote= |laysummary= |laydate= |separator= |postscript= |lastauthoramp= |ref=}} | ||
| * {{Citation |last= |first= |author= |authorlink= |coauthors= |firstn=,lastn=,authorn= |
* {{Citation |last= |first= |author= |authorlink= |coauthors= |firstn=,lastn=,authorn=|author-separator= |editor= |editorn= |editorn-last= |editorn-first= |editor-link= |editorn-link=|others= |title=Stari spomenici u Albaniji |trans_title= Old monuments in Albania |url=http://mjesec.ffzg.hr/webpac/?rm=results&last_PAGER_offset=0&show_full=1&v=Ippen%20Teodor&f=PersonalName&path=ffpo-libri%2312561|archiveurl= |archivedate= |format= |accessdate= |edition= |series= |volume=|date= |origyear=|year=1900 |month= |publisher= Zemaljska štamparija |location= Sarajevo, Austria-Hungary|language=Bosnian | ||
| * {{Citation |last= |first= |author= |authorlink= |coauthors= |firstn=,lastn=,authorn= |
* {{Citation |last= |first= |author= |authorlink= |coauthors= |firstn=,lastn=,authorn=|author-separator= |editor= |editorn= |editorn-last= |editorn-first= |editor-link= |editorn-link=|others= |title=Stare crkve i crkvene ruševine u Albaniji |trans_title= Old churches and church ruins in Albania |url= http://mjesec.ffzg.hr/webpac/?rm=results&last_PAGER_offset=0&show_full=1&v=Ippen%20Teodor&f=PersonalName&path=ffpo-arti%231833|archiveurl= |archivedate= |format= |accessdate= |edition= |series= |volume=|date= |origyear=|year=1901 |month= |publisher= Zemaljska štamparija |location= Sarajevo, Austria-Hungary|language=Bosnian}} | ||
| * ''Das religiöse Protektorat Österreich-Ungarns in der Türkei'', in: Die Kultur III, Wien 1901/1902 | * ''Das religiöse Protektorat Österreich-Ungarns in der Türkei'', in: Die Kultur III, Wien 1901/1902 | ||
| * {{Citation |
* {{Citation |others= |title=Historički gradovi u Albaniji |trans_title= Historical cities in Albania|url= http://mjesec.ffzg.hr/webpac/?rm=results&last_PAGER_offset=0&show_full=1&v=Ippen%20Teodor&f=PersonalName&path=ffpo-libri%2312560|year=1902|month= |publisher= Zemaljska štamparija |location= Sarajevo, Austria-Hungary |language=Bosnian|isbn=|oclc= |doi= |doi_inactivedate= |bibcode= |id= |page= |pages= |nopp= |at= |chapter= |chapterurl=|quote= |laysummary= |laydate= |separator= |postscript= |lastauthoramp= |ref= }} | ||
| * {{Citation |last= |first= |author= |authorlink= |coauthors= |firstn=,lastn=,authorn= |
* {{Citation |last= |first= |author= |authorlink= |coauthors= |firstn=,lastn=,authorn=|author-separator= |editor= |editorn= |editorn-last= |editorn-first= |editor-link= |editorn-link=|others= |title=Pečatnik jedne već nestale biskupine u Albaniji |trans_title= |url=http://mjesec.ffzg.hr/webpac/?rm=results&last_PAGER_offset=0&show_full=1&v=Ippen%20Teodor&f=PersonalName&path=ffpo-libri%2312559|archiveurl= |archivedate= |format= |accessdate= |edition= |series= |volume=|date= |origyear=|year=1903? |month= |publisher= Zemaljska štamparija |location= Sarajevo?, Austria-Hungary|language=Bosnian|isbn= |oclc= |doi= |doi_inactivedate= |bibcode= |id= |page= |pages= |nopp= |at=|chapter= |chapterurl= |quote= |laysummary= |laydate= |separator= |postscript= |lastauthoramp= |ref=}} | ||
| * {{Citation |last= |first= |author= |authorlink= |coauthors= |firstn=,lastn=,authorn= |
* {{Citation |last= |first= |author= |authorlink= |coauthors= |firstn=,lastn=,authorn=|author-separator= |editor= |editorn= |editorn-last= |editorn-first= |editor-link= |editorn-link=|others= |title= Skutari und die nordalbanische Küstenebene |trans_title= |url=http://archive.org/details/skutariunddieno01ippegoog |archiveurl= |archivedate= |format= |accessdate=|edition= |series= |volume= |date= |origyear= |year=1907 |month= |publisher= D.A. Kajon|location=Sarajevo |language=German |isbn= |oclc=25198388 |doi= |doi_inactivedate= |bibcode= |id=|page= |pages= |nopp= |at= |chapter= |chapterurl= |quote= |laysummary= |laydate= |separator=|postscript= |lastauthoramp= |ref= }} | ||
| * {{Citation |last= |first= |author= |authorlink= |coauthors= |firstn=,lastn=,authorn= |
* {{Citation |last= |first= |author= |authorlink= |coauthors= |firstn=,lastn=,authorn=|author-separator= |editor= |editorn= |editorn-last= |editorn-first= |editor-link= |editorn-link=|others= |title=Die Gebirge des nordwestlichen Albaniens |trans_title= |url=http://www.worldcat.org/title/gebirge-des-nordwestlichen-albaniens/oclc/65534766&referer=brief_results|archiveurl= |archivedate= |format= |accessdate= |edition= |series= |volume= |date= |origyear= |year= 1908 |month= |publisher=Lechner |location=Wien |language=German |isbn= |oclc= 65534766 |doi=|doi_inactivedate= |bibcode= |id= |page= |pages= |nopp= |at= |chapter= |chapterurl= |quote=|laysummary= |laydate= |separator= |postscript= |lastauthoramp= |ref= }} | ||
| * {{Citation |last= |first= |author= |authorlink= |coauthors= |firstn=,lastn=,authorn= |
* {{Citation |last= |first= |author= |authorlink= |coauthors= |firstn=,lastn=,authorn=|author-separator= |editor= |editorn= |editorn-last= |editorn-first= |editor-link= |editorn-link=|others= |title=Illyrisch-albanische forschungen, |trans_title=|url=http://archive.org/details/illyrischalbanis00thaluoft |archiveurl= |archivedate= |format=|accessdate= |edition= |series= |volume= |date= |origyear= |year=1916 |month= |publisher= Duncker & Humblot |location= München, Leipzig |language=German |isbn= |oclc=35691167 |doi= |doi_inactivedate=|bibcode= |id= |page= |pages= |nopp= |at= |chapter= |chapterurl= |quote= |laysummary= |laydate=|separator= |postscript= |lastauthoramp= |ref= }} - coauthored with ];]; ]; Ernst C Sedlmayr; Josef Ivanič; Imre Karácson; Béla Péch; Karl Thopia | ||
| * {{Citation |last= |first= |author= |authorlink= |coauthors= |firstn=,lastn=,authorn= |
* {{Citation |last= |first= |author= |authorlink= |coauthors= |firstn=,lastn=,authorn=|author-separator= |editor=Gjerak Karaiskaj |editor1= Ardian Klosi |editor1-last=Klosi|editor1-first=Ardian |editor-link= |editorn-link= |others= |title=Shqipëria e vjetër : studime gjeografike, etnografike, historike, nga ish-konsulli i përgjithshëm i monarkisë austro-hungareze në Shkodër |trans_title= |url= |archiveurl= |archivedate= |format= |accessdate= |edition= |series=|volume= |date= |origyear= |year= 2002 |month= |publisher= K&B |location= Tirana |language=Albanian|isbn=9789992777763 |oclc=819321262 |doi= |doi_inactivedate= |bibcode= |id= |page= |pages= |nopp=|at= |chapter= |chapterurl= |quote= |laysummary= |laydate= |separator= |postscript= |lastauthoramp=|ref= }} | ||
| * {{Citation |last= |first= |author= |authorlink= |coauthors= |firstn=,lastn=,authorn= |
* {{Citation |last= |first= |author= |authorlink= |coauthors= |firstn=,lastn=,authorn=|author-separator= |editor=Fejzi Isa Domni |editorn= |editorn-last= |editorn-first= |editor-link=|editorn-link= |others= |title=Coptimi i Shqipnise : Konferencas e pare e Londonit 1912-1913, Konferenca e dyte e Londonit, 1915-1916, Zaptimi i Shqipnise 7 Prille 1939 = The dismemberment of the Albanian nation |trans_title= |url= |archiveurl= |archivedate= |format= |accessdate= |edition=|series= |volume= |date= |origyear= |year=2003 |month= |publisher= F. Domni |location=Massapequa Park|language=Albanian |isbn= |oclc=55222354 |doi= |doi_inactivedate= |bibcode= |id= |page= |pages=|nopp= |at= |chapter= |chapterurl= |quote= |laysummary= |laydate= |separator= |postscript=|lastauthoramp= |ref= }} | ||
| === Articles === | === Articles === | ||
| Published in 'Glasnik Zemaljskog muzeja u Bosni i Hercegovini', within series 'Zbirka povjesti' by |
Published in 'Glasnik Zemaljskog muzeja u Bosni i Hercegovini', within series 'Zbirka povjesti' by''Zemaljska štamparija'' in ], ]: | ||
| {{div col|2}} | {{div col|2}} | ||
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| * {{Citation |last= |first= |author= |authorlink= |coauthors= |firstn=,lastn=,authorn= |
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| == Further reading == | == Further reading == | ||
| * {{Citation |last=Wernicke |first=Anneliese |author=Anneliese Wernicke |authorlink= |coauthors= |
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| == External links == | == External links == | ||
Revision as of 18:09, 4 January 2013
| Theodor Anton Max Ippen | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Born | (1861-11-29)November 29, 1861 Sezemice, Austria-Hungary |
| Died | January 31, 1935(1935-01-31) (aged 73) Vienna, Austria |
| Nationality | Austro-Hungarian (1861-1918) Austrian (1918-35) |
| Alma mater | Oriental languages and economics at the Oriental Academy in Vienna |
| Occupation | diplomat |
| Employer | Foreign Ministry of Austria-Hungary |
Theodor Anton Max Ippen(1861—1935) was an Austrian scholar and diplomat. He served as diplomat of the empire in Shkodër, Pljevlja, Istanbul, Jerusalem,Athens and London. His appointment in Jerusalem was hailed by contemporary Jewish press as the "first time a Jew had been had been invested with consular functions in Jerusalem as representative of a European power".
Along with Alfred Rappaport and Ludwig Thalloczy, Ippen was considered an expert of Albanian affairs in the foreign ministry of the empire and as such he became an advisor of the Austro-Hungarian delegation during the London Conference and the consequent treaty, which among others led to the establishment of thePrincipality of Albania. In 1921-7 he was a member of the International Danube Commission. Ippen wrote many works on Albanian history and culture and is considered one of the most prominentAlbanologists of the early 20th century.
Early life
Theodor Ippen was born on November 29, 1861 into a Catholic convert family of Jewish origin inSezemice, a village of Bohemia. He studied oriental languages and economics at the Oriental Academy of Vienna.
Diplomatic career
Ippen first joined the foreign affairs department of Austria-Hungary as an employee of the consulate of Shkodër, Albania (then part of the Ottoman Empire) between 1884 and 1887. At the end of 1887 he was appointed as vice-consul of Pljevlja, while in the next years he served as consul in Istanbul (1891—1893) and Jerusalem (1893—1895), Istanbul (1895—1897), and again in Shkodër (1897—1904).
Between 1905 and 1909 he served in Athens, Greece and after 1909 in London where asSektionschef he advised the Austro-Hungaria delegation during the London Conference. Due to Ippen's role, who among others prepared a map of the Albanian-inhabited areas of the Ottoman empire, the Austro-Hungarian is considered the best-informed on the situation of the area. After the London treaty has been signed the ambassadors of six Great Powers decided in July 1913 to recognize Albania, as an "autonomous, sovereign, hereditary principality". Between 1921 and 1927 he was a member of the International Danube Commission.
Albania
Ippen belonged to the group of Albanologists whose works were published trough the state-financed institutes of Austria-Hungary. Ippen was openly supportive of an independ Albanian educational system, independent state and in his capacity as consul of Shkodër had supported among other works the first complete the history of Albania in Albania.Cite error: A <ref> tag is missing the closing </ref> (see the help page). As a diplomat he regarded the rise of the movement of theAlbanian National Awakening as favorable to Austro-Hungarian interests. Along with Franz Nopcsa he financed Albanian nationalist activities like the translation and distribution of the works of Sami Frasheri in German.
The group of Western scholars he belonged to played a significant role in the creation and dissemination of the myths of Albanian nationalism, i.e. the myth of connection of Ali Pasha with Islamic Bektashi Order aimed to use Bektashism in creation of the 'Albanian identity' and an 'Albanian state'.
In period between 1897 and 1903 he was a consul of Austria-Hungary inScutari, Ottoman Empire.In October 1897 Ippen traveled to central Albania and established contacts with important beys inElbassn and Tirana. Based on Ippen's suggestions, which were result of his visit to the region of Malësia in August 1896, Austria-Hungary distributed corn to its population between 1897 and 1903 to gain their support. Ippen distributed money to Albanian families, especially to Albanians from Hoti andGrudë clans located Montenegrin border and most exposed to Montenegrin influence.
Studies
It was Ippen who asserted that Skanderbeg was burried within the fortifications of Lezhë. His opinion was based on the work of Barletius who wrote that Skanderbeg was buried in the Church of St. Nicholas, without explanation if the church's building was inside or outside the castle. Ippen assumed that such notable person like Skanderbeg would have been buried in the best place of the city, in its castle. He also speculated that this Ottomans transformed this church into a mosque. According to Ippen's estimations around 20,000 Albanians fled parts of Ottoman Empire captured by Serbia during Serbian-Ottoman War (1877-1878).
Ippen was one of the authors whose texts were published in periodical Albania published by Faik Konica in period 1897—1910. Konica assured Ippen that he and his friends believed that Albania should be in political and military union with Austria.
Bibliography
Books
- Novibazar und Kossovo (das alte Rascien). Eine studie ... (in German), Vienna: A. Hölder, 1892, OCLC 14192433
{{citation}}: Cite has empty unknown parameters:|editorn=,|laydate=,|editorn-last=,|coauthors=,|separator=,|laysummary=,|editorn-link=,|nopp=,|trans_title=,|month=,|editorn-first=,|doi_inactivedate=,|chapterurl=,|author-separator=, and|lastauthoramp=(help); Unknown parameter|firstn=ignored (help) - Rascien, Knjižnica Odsjeka za povijest, 1894
{{citation}}: Cite has empty unknown parameters:|editorn=,|laydate=,|editorn-last=,|coauthors=,|separator=,|laysummary=,|editorn-link=,|nopp=,|trans_title=,|month=,|editorn-first=,|doi_inactivedate=,|chapterurl=,|author-separator=, and|lastauthoramp=(help); Unknown parameter|firstn=ignored (help) - Stare crkvene ruševine u Albaniji (in Bosnian), Sarajevo, Austria-Hungary: Zemaljska štamparija, 1899
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- Stare crkve i crkvene ruševine u Albaniji (in Bosnian), Sarajevo, Austria-Hungary: Zemaljska štamparija, 1901
{{citation}}: Cite has empty unknown parameters:|editorn=,|month=,|editorn-first=,|editorn-link=,|editorn-last=,|author-separator=, and|coauthors=(help); Unknown parameter|firstn=ignored (help); Unknown parameter|trans_title=ignored (|trans-title=suggested) (help) - Das religiöse Protektorat Österreich-Ungarns in der Türkei, in: Die Kultur III, Wien 1901/1902
- Historički gradovi u Albaniji (in Bosnian), Sarajevo, Austria-Hungary: Zemaljska štamparija, 1902
{{citation}}: Cite has empty unknown parameters:|lastauthoramp=,|month=,|doi_inactivedate=,|chapterurl=,|laydate=,|laysummary=,|nopp=, and|separator=(help); Unknown parameter|trans_title=ignored (|trans-title=suggested) (help) - Pečatnik jedne već nestale biskupine u Albaniji (in Bosnian), Sarajevo?, Austria-Hungary: Zemaljska štamparija, 1903?
{{citation}}: Check date values in:|year=(help); Cite has empty unknown parameters:|editorn=,|laydate=,|editorn-last=,|coauthors=,|separator=,|laysummary=,|editorn-link=,|nopp=,|trans_title=,|month=,|editorn-first=,|doi_inactivedate=,|chapterurl=,|author-separator=, and|lastauthoramp=(help); Unknown parameter|firstn=ignored (help)CS1 maint: year (link) - Skutari und die nordalbanische Küstenebene (in German), Sarajevo: D.A. Kajon, 1907, OCLC 25198388
{{citation}}: Cite has empty unknown parameters:|editorn=,|laydate=,|editorn-last=,|coauthors=,|separator=,|laysummary=,|editorn-link=,|nopp=,|trans_title=,|month=,|editorn-first=,|doi_inactivedate=,|chapterurl=,|author-separator=, and|lastauthoramp=(help); Unknown parameter|firstn=ignored (help) - Die Gebirge des nordwestlichen Albaniens (in German), Wien: Lechner, 1908, OCLC 65534766
{{citation}}: Cite has empty unknown parameters:|editorn=,|laydate=,|editorn-last=,|coauthors=,|separator=,|laysummary=,|editorn-link=,|nopp=,|trans_title=,|month=,|editorn-first=,|doi_inactivedate=,|chapterurl=,|author-separator=, and|lastauthoramp=(help); Unknown parameter|firstn=ignored (help) - Illyrisch-albanische forschungen (in German), München, Leipzig: Duncker & Humblot, 1916, OCLC 35691167
{{citation}}: Cite has empty unknown parameters:|editorn=,|laydate=,|editorn-last=,|coauthors=,|separator=,|laysummary=,|editorn-link=,|nopp=,|trans_title=,|month=,|editorn-first=,|doi_inactivedate=,|chapterurl=,|author-separator=, and|lastauthoramp=(help); Unknown parameter|firstn=ignored (help) - coauthored with Ludwig Thallóczy;Konstantin Jireček; Milan Šufflay; Ernst C Sedlmayr; Josef Ivanič; Imre Karácson; Béla Péch; Karl Thopia - Klosi, Ardian, ed. (2002), Shqipëria e vjetër : studime gjeografike, etnografike, historike, nga ish-konsulli i përgjithshëm i monarkisë austro-hungareze në Shkodër (in Albanian), Tirana: K&B, ISBN 9789992777763, OCLC 819321262
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Articles
Published in 'Glasnik Zemaljskog muzeja u Bosni i Hercegovini', within series 'Zbirka povjesti' byZemaljska štamparija in Sarajevo, Austria-Hungary:
- "Crkva u Širdžiju", vol. 11, 1899, pp. 13–16 http://mjesec.ffzg.hr/webpac/?rm=results&last_PAGER_offset=0&show_full=1&v=Ippen%20Teodor&f=PersonalName&path=ffpo-arti%231753
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{{citation}}: Cite has empty unknown parameters:|editorn=,|laydate=,|editorn-last=,|coauthors=,|separator=,|laysummary=,|editorn-link=,|nopp=,|trans_title=,|month=,|editorn-first=,|doi_inactivedate=,|chapterurl=,|author-separator=, and|lastauthoramp=(help); Missing or empty|title=(help); Unknown parameter|firstn=ignored (help) - "Ruševine crkve sv. Nikole u Šatima", vol. 12, 1900, pp. 83–92 http://mjesec.ffzg.hr/webpac/?rm=results&last_PAGER_offset=0&show_full=1&v=Ippen%20Teodor&f=PersonalName&path=ffpo-arti%231788
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Published in 'Die Kultur', Vienna, Austria-Hungary:
- Das religiöse Protectorat Österreich-Ungarns in der Türkei, Volume 3 (1901/1902), 298-310
See also
References
- ^ Elsie, Robert. "1916". Robert Elsie. Retrieved December 29, 2012.
- The Peculiar People: A Christian Monthly Devoted to Jewish Interests. American Sabbath Tract Society. 1895. p. 82.
- Gruber, Siegfried (1998). "Austrian Contributions to the Ethnological Knowlegde of the Balkans Since 1850". Ethnologia Balcanica. 2. Prof. M. Drinov Academic Publishing House: 209–24.
- Elsie, Robert (2012). A Biographical Dictionary of Albanian History. London: I.B.Tauris. ISBN 1-780764-31-6.
- Österreichisches Biographisches Lexikon und biographische Dokumentation. Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften. 2003–2011. p. 40. ISBN 978-3-7001-3213-4.
- Faik Konica (2000). Destani, Bejtullah D. (ed.). Faik Konitza: selected correspondence. Centre for Albanian Studies. p. 177.
Theodor A. Ippen (1861-1935) Austrian diplomat, based in Shkoder, was adviser to Austro-Hungarian Ambassador to London during the Ambassador's Conference in London in 1912-1913.
- Elsie, Robert, Historical Dictionary Of Albania (PDF), Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group, ISBN 9781282521926, OCLC 816372706
{{citation}}: More than one of|author=and|last=specified (help) - William D. Godsey, Jr. ""SEINE SPOREN IM KOSOVO VERDIENEN..." Ein Altösterreicher als Albanienkenner: Alfred Ritter Rappaport v. Arbengau (1868-1946)". http://david.juden.at. Retrieved January 04, 2013.
1912 erstellte er eine ethnographische Karte der albanischen Gebiete der Türkei, die der nach London zur Botschafterkonferenz u.a. zur Regelung der Frage der albanischen Unabhängigkeit entsandten Delegation als Grundlage dienen sollte. Im Übrigen war keine der diplomatischen Vertretungen in London so gut und so genau über die nationalen Verhältnisse Albaniens informiert wie die österreichisch-ungarische.
{{cite web}}: Check date values in:|accessdate=(help); External link in|publisher= - Zolo, Danilo (2002), Invoking humanity: war, law, and global order, London ; New York: Continuum, pp. 179, 180, ISBN 978-0-8264-5655-7, OCLC 47844508,
With the Peace of London, the Great European powers, in the redistributing the land taken from Turks among the Balkan states, decided to create a new state, Albania.
{{citation}}: More than one of|author=and|last=specified (help) - Llewellyn Smith, Sir Michael (2008) , Kitromilides, Paschalis (ed.), Eleftherios Venizelos : the trials of statesmanship, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, p. 150, ISBN 978-0-7486-3364-7,
In July 1913 the Powers signed a protocol establishing Albania as an 'autonomous, sovereign, hereditary principality' under their guarantee. They set up a commission to establish the frontiers of the new state.
{{citation}}: More than one of|author=and|last=specified (help); More than one of|editor1=and|editor1-last=specified (help) - Elsie, Robert (2012). A Biographical Dictionary of Albanian History. I.B. Tauris. p. 214. Retrieved January 04, 2013.
{{cite book}}: Check date values in:|accessdate=(help); Unknown parameter|Authorlink=ignored (|authorlink=suggested) (help) - Blumi, Isa (2007), Seeing Beyond the River Drin, Sarajevo, Ottoman Albanians and Imperial Rivalry in the Balkans after 1878 (PDF), Austria: Kakanien revisited, p. 3,
At the center of this Sarajevo-based policy were highly regarded Albanologists such as Theodor Ippen (b.1861), Norbert Jokl (1877-1942) and Franz Nopcsa (1877-1933) who all published influential studies on Albanian language, geography, archeology and history through state-funded institutes in Budapest, Sarajevo and Vienna.
{{citation}}: Cite has empty unknown parameters:|laydate=,|editorn-last=,|coauthors=,|separator=,|editorn-link=,|nopp=,|laysummary=,|editorn=,|month=,|editorn-first=,|doi_inactivedate=,|chapterurl=,|author-separator=, and|lastauthoramp=(help); More than one of|author=and|last=specified (help); Unknown parameter|firstn=ignored (help) - Blumi, Isa (2007), Seeing Beyond the River Drin, Sarajevo, Ottoman Albanians and Imperial Rivalry in the Balkans after 1878 (PDF), Austria: Kakanien revisited, p. 6,
s. Ippen and Nopcsa openly advocated funding efforts to solidify the cultural ambitions of nationalist leaders, resulting, for instance, in the translation into German and distribution of Sami Frashëri's works
{{citation}}: Cite has empty unknown parameters:|laydate=,|editorn-last=,|coauthors=,|separator=,|editorn-link=,|nopp=,|laysummary=,|editorn=,|month=,|editorn-first=,|doi_inactivedate=,|chapterurl=,|author-separator=, and|lastauthoramp=(help); More than one of|author=and|last=specified (help); Unknown parameter|firstn=ignored (help) - Schwandner-Sievers, Stephanie (2002), Albanian identities: myth and history, USA: Indiana University Press, p. 131, ISBN 0-253-34189-2,
We will consider two groups of actors in the 'creation' and diffusion of the myths: Bektashi leaders, and Westerners who came into contact with them (above all Ippen, Degrand, Brailsford, F.W Hasluck, and later Birge).... So clearly the aim was to present Bektashism as a (or the) potential power in the creation of the 'Albanian identity' and an 'Albanian state'
{{citation}}: More than one of|author=and|last=specified (help); Unknown parameter|coauthors=ignored (|author=suggested) (help); Unknown parameter|firstn=ignored (help) - Slijepčević, Đoko (1983) , Srpsko-arbanaški odnosi kroz vekove sa posebnim osvrtom na novije vreme (in Serbian) (2 ed.), Chimelstir: Ostrog, p. 209, OCLC 247155496
{{citation}}: Cite has empty unknown parameters:|laydate=,|editorn-last=,|coauthors=,|separator=,|editorn-link=,|nopp=,|laysummary=,|editorn=,|month=,|editorn-first=,|doi_inactivedate=,|chapterurl=,|author-separator=, and|lastauthoramp=(help); More than one of|author=and|last=specified (help); Unknown parameter|firstn=ignored (help) - Skendi, Stavro (1967). The Albanian national awakening, 1878-1912. Princeton University Press. p. 270.
In October 1897 Ippen undertook a trip in central Albania which brought him in contact with influential beys of Tirana and Elbasan.
- Skendi, Stavro (1967). The Albanian national awakening, 1878-1912. Princeton University Press. p. 270.
distributed corn to the mountaineers, thus winning them to her side
- Kazimirović, Vasa (1990). Nikola Pašić i njegovo doba, 1845-1926. Vol. 2. Nova Evropa. p. 231.
{{cite book}}: Unknown parameter|coauthors=ignored (|author=suggested) (help) - Deuxième Conférence des études albanologiques. Deuxième Conférence des études albanologiques: à l'occasion du 5e centenaire de la mort de Georges Kastriote-Skanderbeg. Tirana: Université d'état de Tirana, Institut d'histoire et de linguistique. 1969. p. 298. Retrieved December 31, 2012.
Celui qui a voulu prouver pourquoi la sépulture du héros devait être cherchée à l'intérieur du mur de ceinture du château fort a été Th. Ippen. On sait de l'histoire de Barletius, soutient Ippen, que Skanderbeg a été enseveli dans l'église de Barletius Saint-Nicolas, mais on n'y explique pas plus en détail où se trouvait ce temple, dans la ville ou bien dans le château fort. D'autre part, Ippen exprime l'opinion qu'un haute personnalité, comme l'était Skanderbeg, doit avoir été inhumé dans la meilleure place de la ville, c'est-à-dire dans son château. De même, en partant du fait que ce château doit avoir eu en ces temps-là un temple chrétien, Ippen ajoute qu'il ne serait pas superflu de conjecturer que l'église de Saint-Nicolas, c'est-à-dire le lieu de sépulture de Skanderbeg, doive se trouver dans le château fort de Lesh, et précisément dans les ruines de sa mosquée qui peut avoir été construite sur les fondations de quelque église préturque.
- Isaković, Antonije (1990). Kosovsko-metohijski zbornik. Belgrade: Srpska akademija nauka i umetnosti.
(Ипен наводи да je двадесет хшьада арбанашких исел>еника-мухацира отишло из ослобог)ених Kpajena Cpônje у рату са Турском 1877/78. године
- "Qui était Faik Konica?". http://www.konitza.eu. 2009. Retrieved January 01, 2013.
Les collaborateurs et le contenu de la revue "Albania". La collection d'Albania est réunie en 12 volumes qui font 2500 pages. Ses collaborateurs étaient des écrivains et intellectuels réputés de son temps en Europe comme Guillaume Apollinaire, Emile Legrand, Jan Urban Jarnik, Holger Pedersen, Albert Thumb, Théodore Ippen, etc.
{{cite web}}: Check date values in:|accessdate=(help); External link in|publisher= - Tarifa, Fatos (1985). Drejt pavarësisë: çështja e çlirimit kombëtar në mendimin politik-shoqëror rilindës 1900-1912. Tirana: Shtëpia Botuese "8 Nëntori". p. 102.
"Është opinioni im dhe i miqve të mi" i shkruante Konica më 1897 konsullit austriak në Shkodër Teodor Ippen — se «do të ishte fat nëse Shqipëria do të arrinte të gëzojë një autonomi administrative me një bashkim politik dhe ushtarak me Austrinë»
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Further reading
- Wernicke, Anneliese (1967), Theodor Anton Ippen, Albanische Forschungen, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, OCLC 250667285
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