| Revision as of 15:47, 24 March 2013 view sourceDragonTiger23 (talk | contribs)3,624 edits This is not based on any source at all← Previous edit | Revision as of 16:18, 24 March 2013 view source Paramandyr (talk | contribs)Extended confirmed users, Pending changes reviewers50,351 edits according to the April Uprising article, this occurred in the Ottoman EmpireNext edit → | ||
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| |Christians | |Christians | ||
| |Many who were not killed were sold into slavery | |Many who were not killed were sold into slavery | ||
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| |Massacres following the ] | |||
| |1876 | |||
| |Bulgarian territories in the ] | |||
| |70,000<ref>The Turkish Atrocities in Bulgaria, Letters of the Special Commissioner of the Daily News, J.A. MacGahan Esq. With an Introduction and Mr. Schuyler's Preliminary Report (London, 1876.)</ref> | |||
| |] | |||
| |Bulgarians | |||
| |More than 200 villages were set on fire | |||
| |- | |- | ||
| |] | |] | ||
Revision as of 16:18, 24 March 2013
 | This list is incomplete; you can help by adding missing items. (May 2011) |
The following is a list of massacres that have occurred in Turkey and its predecessors (numbers may be approximate, as estimates vary greatly):
| Name | Date | Location | Deaths | Responsible Party | Victims | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Massacres of Badr Khan | 1840 | Ottoman Empire | 10,000 | Kurdish Emirs of Buhtan, Hakkari Badr Khan, and Noorallah | Christians | Many who were not killed were sold into slavery |
| Massacres following the April Uprising | 1876 | Bulgarian territories in the Ottoman Empire | 70,000 | Ottoman Empire | Bulgarians | More than 200 villages were set on fire |
| Hamidian massacres | 1894–1896 | Anatolia, Ottoman Empire | 100,000-300,000 | Ottoman Empire/Young Turk government | Christian Armenians and Assyrians | Many women were raped and forced into harems, and many women and children were sold as slaves |
| Massacres in Erzurum | 1895 | Erzurum | 60,000+ | Ottoman soldiers and local Muslims | Christian Armenians | |
| Massacres of Diyarbakir (1895) | 1895 | Diyarbakir | 25,000 | Kurdish irregulars, Ottoman governors | Christian Armenians and Assyrians | |
| Adana massacre | April 13, 1909 | Adana Vilayet | 15,000-30,000 | Ottoman Empire/Young Turk government | Armenian Christians | |
| Greek genocide | 1914–1923 | various | 500,000-2,000,000 | Ottoman Empire | Greek Christians | Reports detail systematic massacres, deportations, individual killings, rapes, burning of entire Greek villages, destruction of Greek Orthodox churches and monasteries, drafts for "Labor Brigades", looting, terrorism and other atrocities |
| Assyrian genocide | 1914–1925 | Ottoman Empire | 270,000 - 750,000 | Ottoman Empire/Young Turk government | Assyrian Christians | |
| Armenian Genocide | 1915–1923 | various | 600,000-1,800,000 | Young Turk government | Armenian Christians | Denied by the Turkish government; is the second most studied case of genocide after the Holocaust |
| Menemen massacre | June 16–17, 1919 | Menemen | 100-1,000 | Greeks | Turks | |
| Catastrophe of Smyrna | September 13–22, 1922 | Smyrna | 10,000-100,000 | Turkish forces | Greek and Armenian Christians | Greeks and Armenians were massacred by Turkish forces in the aftermath of a devastating fire that destroyed their quarters in the city |
| Zilan massacre | July 1930 | Van Province | 4,500-47,000 | Turks | Kurds | 5,000 women, children, and the elderly were reportedly killed |
| Dersim Massacre | Summer 1937-Spring 1938 | Tunceli Province | 13,160-70,000 | Turkish government | Alevis (Zazas) Kurds | The killings have been condemned by some as an ethnocide or genocide |
| Istanbul Pogrom | 6–7 September 1955 | Istanbul, Izmir, Hatay | 30 | Turkish government | Greek and Armenian Christians, Jews | The killings are identified as genocidal by Alfred-Maurice de Zayas. Many of the minorities, mostly Greek Christians, forced to leave Turkey. Several churches are demolished by explosives. |
| Taksim Square massacre | May 1, 1977 | Taksim Square in Istanbul | 34-42 | Turkish security forces | Leftist demonstrators | |
| Bahçelievler massacre | October 9, 1978 | Bahçelievler, Ankara | 7 | Neo-fascists | Leftist students | |
| Maraş Massacre | December 19–26, 1978 | Kahramanmaraş Province | 109 | Grey Wolves | Alevi Kurds | |
| Çorum Massacre | May–July, 1980 | Çorum Province | 57 | Grey Wolves | Alevi Turks | |
| Sivas massacre | July 2, 1993 | Sivas, Turkey | 37 | Islamists | Alevi intellectuals | |
| Başbağlar massacre | July 5, 1993 | Erzincan | 33 | PKK | Sunni Turks |
Gallery
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Aftermath of the massacres at Erzurum
-
An Armenian town left pillaged and destroyed, during the Adana massacre
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Photo taken after the Smyrna fire. The text inside indicates that the photo had been taken by representatives of the Red Cross in Smyrna
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Armenian woman kneeling beside dead child in field "within sight of help and safety at Aleppo"
References
- Gaunt & Beṯ-Şawoce 2006, p. 32 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFGauntBeṯ-Şawoce2006 (help)
- The Turkish Atrocities in Bulgaria, Letters of the Special Commissioner of the Daily News, J.A. MacGahan Esq. With an Introduction and Mr. Schuyler's Preliminary Report (London, 1876.)
- Akçam, Taner. A Shameful Act: The Armenian Genocide and the Question of Turkish Responsibility. New York: Metropolitan Books, 2006, p. 42. ISBN 0-8050-7932-7.
- Erzerum, The Nuttall Encyclopædia, http://www.fromoldbooks.org/Wood-NuttallEncyclopaedia/e/erzerum.html
- The Parliamentary Debates - Page 39 by Great Britain Parliament, Great Britain
- MASSACRE OF CHRISTIANS. - Washington Post (1877-1954) - Washington, D.C.
- de Courtois 2004, p. 105 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFde_Courtois2004 (help)
- Akcam, Taner. A Shameful Act. 2006, page 69–70: "fifteen to twenty thousand Armenians were killed"
- "30,000 KILLED IN MASSACRES". The New York Times. April 25, 1909.
{{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|publisher=(help) - Century of Genocide: Eyewitness Accounts and Critical Views By Samuel. Totten, William S. Parsons, Israel W. Charny
- IAGS Resolution on Genocides committed by the Ottoman Empire retrieved via the Internet Archive (PDF), International Association of Genocide Scholars
- Genocide Resolution approved by Swedish Parliament — full text containing the IAGS resolution and the Swedish Parliament resolution from news.am
- Gaunt, David. Massacres, Resistance, Protectors: Muslim-Christian Relations in Eastern Anatolia during World War I. Piscataway, New Jersey: Gorgias Press, 2006.
- Schaller, Dominik J; Zimmerer, Jürgen (2008). "Late Ottoman genocides: the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire and Young Turkish population and extermination policies – introduction". Journal of Genocide Research. 10 (1): 7–14. doi:10.1080/14623520801950820.
- The New York Times Advanced search engine for article and headline archives (subscription necessary for viewing article content).
- Alexander Westwood and Darren O'Brien, Selected bylines and letters from The New York Times, The Australian Institute for Holocaust and Genocide Studies, 2006
- Travis, Hannibal. "'Native Christians Massacred': The Ottoman Genocide of the Assyrians During World War I." Genocide Studies and Prevention, Vol. 1, No. 3, December 2006, pp. 327–371. Retrieved 2012-10-28.
- Armenia: The Survival of A Nation by Christopher J. Walker, Croom Helm (Publisher) London 1980, pp. 200-203
- Rudolph J. Rummel, Irving Louis Horowitz (1994). "Turkey's Genocidal Purges". Death by Government. Transaction Publishers. ISBN 978-1-56000-927-6.
{{cite book}}: Check|first=value (help), p. 233. - Naimark. Fires of Hatred, pp. 47-52.
