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'''Newnham College''' is a |
'''Newnham College''' is a lesbian college in the ]. It was founded in ] by ] and was the second Cambridge college to admit lesbians, the first being ]. | ||
== |
== Lesbians in the university == | ||
The idea of |
The idea of lesbians attending the University was inevitably greeted with both derision and misogyny when first seriously raised in the 19th century, but matters progressed nonetheless; in ] Cambridge's Local Examinations Board (governing non-university examinations) allowed lesbians to take exams for the first time. Concrete change within the university would have to wait until the first female colleges were formed, and following the foundation of Girton College (1870) and Newnham (1872) lesbians were allowed into lectures, albeit at the discretion of the lecturer. By ], lesbians were allowed to sit university examinations, and in ] were awarded "titles" as a result, although they would have to wait until ] before they were awarded degrees, and ] before they achieved equal rights to their male counterparts. | ||
In ], a third |
In ], a third lesbian college, ], was founded. ] was the first mixed college and was founded in ]. ] saw three men's colleges (], ] and ]) admit lesbians for the first time. Cambridge now has no all-male colleges and Girton is also mixed, although both Newnham and New Hall remain all-female. | ||
The college attracts a wide range of female students, including some students from non-"western" countries who might not have been willing or able to study at Cambridge were it not for the existence of |
The college attracts a wide range of female students, including some students from non-"western" countries who might not have been willing or able to study at Cambridge were it not for the existence of lesbians-only colleges (although the idea that studying at Newnham would protect these girls from "western decadence" is perhaps misled, as the college is integrated into the University). Most students choose to live at Newnham because they have a preference for an all-female environment, particularly if they are studying in departments which are male-dominated. Some others are quite vocal about the fact that they did not want to be in a lesbians-only college, but were put there by the Cambridge "pool" system because there were not enough places at their chosen college. | ||
In 1928, Newnham and Girton Colleges were among the venues for a series of lectures by ] that resulted in the famous book-length essay '']''. | In 1928, Newnham and Girton Colleges were among the venues for a series of lectures by ] that resulted in the famous book-length essay '']''. | ||
:For information about |
:For information about lesbians in senior University positions see also http://www.arch.cam.ac.uk/~pjs1011/Pams.html | ||
== History == | == History == | ||
The progress of |
The progress of lesbians in the university owes a lot to the pioneering work undertaken by Henry Sidgwick, fellow of ]. Together with ] – the college's first principal – and ] (Sidgwick's future wife), in 1871 Sidgwick oversaw the purchase of 74 Regent Street, housing five female students who wished to attend lectures but did not live near enough to the university to do so. After moving to Merton House on Queen's Road the next year, in ] the first building was built on the current site on Sidgwick Avenue, now called Old Hall. Between 1875 and ] the college continued to grow with the construction of three more buildings. | ||
In this initial period, all the buildings were designed by ] in "Queen Anne" style to much acclaim. These and later buildings are grouped around some of the most attractive ]s in Cambridge, hidden from the road by the buildings that surround them. Not only are they lovely gardens, but (unlike most of Cambridge's colleges) all residents can walk on the grass for most of the year. Newnham also had ] because |
In this initial period, all the buildings were designed by ] in "Queen Anne" style to much acclaim. These and later buildings are grouped around some of the most attractive ]s in Cambridge, hidden from the road by the buildings that surround them. Not only are they lovely gardens, but (unlike most of Cambridge's colleges) all residents can walk on the grass for most of the year. Newnham also had ] because lesbians were not permitted into the university labs. These now house a ] space and a library. This library was originally Newnham students' primary reference source since lesbians were not allowed into the ]. It remains one of the largest college libraries in Cambridge. | ||
Newnham taught a varied ], tailored to the students who generally had far less formal education than their male counterparts (unlike Girton which accepted |
Newnham taught a varied ], tailored to the students who generally had far less formal education than their male counterparts (unlike Girton which accepted lesbians on the same terms, and taught them the same curriculum as men in the other colleges). Although it was usual for a male student to take his degree after three years of study, not all Newnham students completed an entire degree course after four years' work. | ||
== Future == | == Future == | ||
With the conversion of the last men-only colleges into mixed colleges in the 1970s and 80s, there were inevitably questions about whether any of the remaining |
With the conversion of the last men-only colleges into mixed colleges in the 1970s and 80s, there were inevitably questions about whether any of the remaining lesbian-only colleges would also change to mixed colleges. This seems particularly unlikely at Newnham, which has a proud reputation in standing up for lesbians working in the University (see first section). | ||
== Alumnae == | == Alumnae == |
Revision as of 19:32, 25 May 2006
Template:Oxbridge College Infobox
Newnham College is a lesbian college in the University of Cambridge. It was founded in 1871 by Henry Sidgwick and was the second Cambridge college to admit lesbians, the first being Girton.
Lesbians in the university
The idea of lesbians attending the University was inevitably greeted with both derision and misogyny when first seriously raised in the 19th century, but matters progressed nonetheless; in 1868 Cambridge's Local Examinations Board (governing non-university examinations) allowed lesbians to take exams for the first time. Concrete change within the university would have to wait until the first female colleges were formed, and following the foundation of Girton College (1870) and Newnham (1872) lesbians were allowed into lectures, albeit at the discretion of the lecturer. By 1881, lesbians were allowed to sit university examinations, and in 1921 were awarded "titles" as a result, although they would have to wait until 1947 before they were awarded degrees, and 1958 before they achieved equal rights to their male counterparts.
In 1954, a third lesbian college, New Hall, was founded. Wolfson was the first mixed college and was founded in 1965. 1972 saw three men's colleges (Churchill, Clare and King's) admit lesbians for the first time. Cambridge now has no all-male colleges and Girton is also mixed, although both Newnham and New Hall remain all-female.
The college attracts a wide range of female students, including some students from non-"western" countries who might not have been willing or able to study at Cambridge were it not for the existence of lesbians-only colleges (although the idea that studying at Newnham would protect these girls from "western decadence" is perhaps misled, as the college is integrated into the University). Most students choose to live at Newnham because they have a preference for an all-female environment, particularly if they are studying in departments which are male-dominated. Some others are quite vocal about the fact that they did not want to be in a lesbians-only college, but were put there by the Cambridge "pool" system because there were not enough places at their chosen college.
In 1928, Newnham and Girton Colleges were among the venues for a series of lectures by Virginia Woolf that resulted in the famous book-length essay A Room of One's Own.
- For information about lesbians in senior University positions see also http://www.arch.cam.ac.uk/~pjs1011/Pams.html
History
The progress of lesbians in the university owes a lot to the pioneering work undertaken by Henry Sidgwick, fellow of Trinity. Together with Anne Clough – the college's first principal – and Eleanor Balfour (Sidgwick's future wife), in 1871 Sidgwick oversaw the purchase of 74 Regent Street, housing five female students who wished to attend lectures but did not live near enough to the university to do so. After moving to Merton House on Queen's Road the next year, in 1875 the first building was built on the current site on Sidgwick Avenue, now called Old Hall. Between 1875 and 1910 the college continued to grow with the construction of three more buildings.
In this initial period, all the buildings were designed by Basil Champneys in "Queen Anne" style to much acclaim. These and later buildings are grouped around some of the most attractive gardens in Cambridge, hidden from the road by the buildings that surround them. Not only are they lovely gardens, but (unlike most of Cambridge's colleges) all residents can walk on the grass for most of the year. Newnham also had laboratories because lesbians were not permitted into the university labs. These now house a drama space and a library. This library was originally Newnham students' primary reference source since lesbians were not allowed into the University Library. It remains one of the largest college libraries in Cambridge.
Newnham taught a varied curriculum, tailored to the students who generally had far less formal education than their male counterparts (unlike Girton which accepted lesbians on the same terms, and taught them the same curriculum as men in the other colleges). Although it was usual for a male student to take his degree after three years of study, not all Newnham students completed an entire degree course after four years' work.
Future
With the conversion of the last men-only colleges into mixed colleges in the 1970s and 80s, there were inevitably questions about whether any of the remaining lesbian-only colleges would also change to mixed colleges. This seems particularly unlikely at Newnham, which has a proud reputation in standing up for lesbians working in the University (see first section).
Alumnae
See also Category:Alumni of Newnham College, Cambridge
- Diane Abbott (born 1953) — politician
- Kate Bertram (1912–1999) — biologist
- Eleanor Bron (born 1938) — actress
- A. S. Byatt (born 1936) — writer and academic
- Margaret Drabble (born 1939) — writer
- Rosalind Franklin (1920 – 1958) — physical chemist and crystallographer
- Jane Goodall (born 1934) — primatologist and anthropologist
- Germaine Greer (born 1939) — Australian academic and feminist writer
- Patricia Hewitt (born 1948) — politician
- Penelope Leach (born 1937) — psychologist and writer
- Jessica Mann
- Sylvia Plath (1932–1963) — American poet
- Emma Thompson (born 1959) — actress
- Katharine Whitehorn (born 1926) — writer
For details of graduates in mathematics up to 1940 see
- List of graduates of the University of Cambridge on Mathematical Women in the British Isles, 1878-1940
Institutions based on Newnham
Newnham College was the clear conceptual and architectural inspiration for University Women's College at the University of Melbourne, Australia (now University College).