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Revision as of 14:33, 26 May 2013 editRon 1987 (talk | contribs)Extended confirmed users, Pending changes reviewers17,700 edits Undid revision 556852122 by Shokatz (talk) The treaty was ratified by the Bundestag only. It was not yet ratified by the Bundesrat.← Previous edit Revision as of 10:42, 27 May 2013 edit undoShokatz (talk | contribs)Extended confirmed users2,194 edits Undid revision 556871181 by Ron 1987 (talk) Rv, again refer to the link.Next edit →
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Ratification completed (in order of date of deposit of instrument of ratification):<ref name="Ratification Process">{{cite web|url=http://www.delhrv.ec.europa.eu/?lang=en&content=3935|title=Treaty of Croatia's Accession to the European Union – Ratification Process|publisher=European Council}}</ref> ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ]<ref>http://www.presstv.ir/detail/2013/05/21/304590/uk-ratifies-croatia-eu-accession-treaty/</ref><ref>https://www.gov.uk/government/news/uk-ratifies-croatian-european-union-accession-treaty</ref>. Ratification completed (in order of date of deposit of instrument of ratification):<ref name="Ratification Process">{{cite web|url=http://www.delhrv.ec.europa.eu/?lang=en&content=3935|title=Treaty of Croatia's Accession to the European Union – Ratification Process|publisher=European Council}}</ref> ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ]<ref>http://www.presstv.ir/detail/2013/05/21/304590/uk-ratifies-croatia-eu-accession-treaty/</ref><ref>https://www.gov.uk/government/news/uk-ratifies-croatian-european-union-accession-treaty</ref>.


Parliamentary approval obtained: ], ], ], ]. Parliamentary approval obtained: ], ], ], ], ].


==Public opinion== ==Public opinion==

Revision as of 10:42, 27 May 2013

Accession of Croatia to the European Union
StatusAcceding state
Application
Screened & negotiations commence
Negotiations
Chapters closed33
Memberships & Treaties
Association Agreement
Economic and monetary policy
Travel
Energy
Foreign and military policy
Human rights and international courts
International Court of Justice (ICJ)
Impact (27+1)
Population446,828,803
Area4,233,262 km
1,634,472 mi
HDI0.896
GDP (PPP)$25.399 trillion
GDP per capita (PPP)$56,928
GDP$17.818 trillion
GDP per capita$39,940
Gini30.0
Official Languages24

Croatia is set to become the 28th member state of the European Union on 1 July 2013.

Croatia applied for EU membership in 2003 and the European Commission recommended making it an official candidate in early 2004. Candidate country status was granted to Croatia by the European Council in mid-2004. The entry negotiations, while originally set for March 2005, began in October that year together with the screening process. The accession process of Croatia was complicated by the insistence of Slovenia, an EU member state, that the two countries' border issues be dealt with prior to Croatia's accession to the EU.

Croatia finished accession negotiations on 30 June 2011 and on 9 December 2011 signed the Treaty of Accession to become the bloc's 28th member. The ratification process, by the parliaments of all 27 EU member states, is expected to be concluded by the end of June 2013. Therefore, entry into force and accession of Croatia to the EU is expected to take place on 1 July 2013.

A referendum on EU accession was held in Croatia on 22 January 2012, with 66 percent of participants voting in favour of joining the Union.

Croatian public opinion has been generally supportive of the EU accession process. Spikes in euroscepticism have occasionally happened, for example in April 2011 due to the association of the Hague tribunal with the EU.

Issues of dispute

The flag of Croatia and the European flag, on the building of Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs, in Zagreb
Politics of Croatia
Coat of arms
Constitution
Executive
Legislative
Judiciary
Political parties in Sabor
Elections and referendumsRecent elections

Recent referendums

Administrative divisions
Foreign relations

ICTY cooperation

Croatia has had to extradite several of its citizens to the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY), a United Nations body, an issue that was often contentious in domestic politics.

Croatia's relations with the court had continually been cited by the EU officials as something that required further improvement. Ratification of the EU Stabilisation and Association Agreement with Croatia had been stalled because of this.

The European Council, after its summit of 20 December 2004, set the following 17 March as the date to start entry negotiations, provided that Croatia continued to cooperate fully with the ICTY. On 16 March 2005 – the day before talks were to begin – the EU postponed the commencement of negotiations, because the ICTY prosecution assessed the Croatian efforts to capture the fugitive general Ante Gotovina (indicted by the ICTY for war crimes and crimes against humanity, but at large since 2001) as neither timely nor sufficient.

On 7 December 2005 Spanish Police finally arrested Ante Gotovina with the help of the Spanish and Croatian government on the Spanish island of Tenerife, located in the Canary Islands. He was brought to The Hague to be tried for war crimes. With the arrest of Ante Gotovina this issue seems to be now resolved, and entry negotiations have begun anew, after the certification of ICTY chief prosecutor Carla Del Ponte that Croatia now fully cooperates with the ICTY.

In April 2011, Croatian generals Gotovina and Markač were given extended prison sentences at the ICTY, which was widely perceived as unjust in the Croatian public. This caused a marked increase in opposition to the accession because, in the past, some countries like the Netherlands, conditioned their support for the Croatia's accession process with the continued Croatian cooperation with the ICTY.

On 16 November 2012, the ICTY Appeals Chamber acquitted generals Gotovina and Markač and ordered their immediate release.

Border disagreements

Main article: Croatia–Slovenia border disputes

Croatia has had to contend with long-standing border issues with Slovenia. Good trade relations have precluded this up to December 2008 when Slovenia's blockade of Croatia's EU accession stalled the negotiating process for 10 months. In September 2009, it was announced Slovenia would remove restraints on Croatia's negotiations with the EU without prejudice to the international mediation on the border dispute. However, as of April 2010, Slovenia was still blocking opening of Chapter 31 (Foreign, Security & Defence Policy). As of June 2010, Slovenia has voted to accept the ruling of international arbitrators on the dispute, removing this obstacle. Croatia has border disputes with Serbia, Bosnia & Herzegovina, and Montenegro, but these countries are not European Union members and cannot directly block the accession process. In December 2008, Croatia and Montenegro agreed that the outstanding sea border issue between the two countries should be settled before an international court whose decision would be accepted in advance by the parliaments of the two countries.

Land ownership

See also: Croatia–Italy relations § Esuli/Optanti

Free acquisition of real estate by foreigners is a sensitive issue in Croatia. This matter particularly concerns Italians, especially in Istria. While it has strong cultural and historic ties with Italy, the events surrounding World War II, when Istria changed hands between the Kingdom of Italy and the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, remain pertinent. Numerous Italian politicians expressed their discontent concerning the inability of Italians to purchase land in Croatia, considering it discriminatory treatment and stating that the issue should be resolved as soon as possible.

Croatia subsequently denied any discrimination, and said that Croatian legislation provided for the same treatment of all EU citizens concerning land ownership. In mid-2006, Croatia and Italy came to an agreement allowing Italian citizens to purchase land in Croatia and Croatian citizens to purchase land in Italy. Other EU members had to resolve similar issues before their accession to the EU. Examples of this include Slovenia, Slovakia, Poland, and especially Malta.

Negotiation progress

Croatia applied for EU membership in 2003, and the European Commission recommended making it an official candidate in early 2004. Candidate country status was granted to Croatia by the European Council (the EU's heads of state and/or government) in mid-2004 and a date for the beginning of entry negotiations, while originally set for early 2005, was postponed to October of the same year. Before starting negotiations with Croatia, the acquis was divided into 35 chapters, 4 more than the usual 31; the new chapters, previously part of the agricultural policy, are areas expected to be troublesome, as they were with the other applicants. Following the opening of accession negotiations on 3 October 2005, the process of screening 35 acquis chapters with Croatia was completed on 18 October 2006. Negotiations had been restrained for ten months because of a border dispute with Slovenia, but in September 2009 it was announced that Slovenia would remove restraints on Croatia's negotiations with the EU without prejudice to the international mediation on the border dispute.

Acquis chapter EC Assessment at Start Current situation Screening Started Screening Completed Chapter Frozen Chapter Unfrozen Chapter Opened Chapter Closed
1. Free Movement of Goods Considerable efforts needed Generally aligned with the acquis 2006-01-16 2006-02-24 - - 2008-07-25 2010-04-19
2. Freedom of Movement For Workers Considerable efforts needed Generally aligned with the acquis 2006-07-19 2006-09-11 - - 2008-06-17 2009-10-02
3. Right of Establishment & Freedom To Provide Services Considerable efforts needed Generally aligned with the acquis 2005-11-21 2005-12-20 - - 2007-06-26 2009-12-21
4. Free Movement of Capital Further efforts needed Generally aligned with the acquis 2005-11-25 2005-12-22 2008–12 2009–10 2009-10-02 2010-11-05
5. Public Procurement Considerable efforts needed Generally aligned with the acquis 2005-11-07 2005-11-28 - - 2008-12-19 2010-06-30
6. Company Law Further efforts needed Generally aligned with the acquis 2006-06-21 2006-07-20 2008–12 2009–10 2007-06-26 2009-10-02
7. Intellectual Property Law No major difficulties expected Generally aligned with the acquis 2006-02-06 2006-03-03 - - 2007-03-29 2008-12-19
8. Competition Policy Considerable efforts needed Generally aligned with the acquis 2005-11-08 2005-12-02 - - 2010-06-30 2011-06-30
9. Financial Services Considerable efforts needed Generally aligned with the acquis 2006-03-29 2006-05-03 - - 2007-06-26 2009-11-27
10. Information Society & Media No major difficulties expected Generally aligned with the acquis 2006-06-12 2006-07-14 - - 2007-07-26 2008-12-19
11. Agriculture & Rural Development Considerable efforts needed Generally aligned with the acquis 2005-12-05 2006-01-26 2008–12 2009–10 2009-10-02 2011-04-19
12. Food Safety, Veterinary & Phytosanitary Policy Considerable efforts needed Generally aligned with the acquis 2006-03-09 2006-04-28 2008–12 2009–10 2009-10-02 2010-07-27
13. Fisheries Further efforts needed Generally aligned with the acquis 2006-02-24 2006-03-31 2008–12 2010-02 2010-02-19 2011-06-06
14. Transport Policy Further efforts needed Generally aligned with the acquis 2006-06-26 2006-09-28 - - 2008-04-21 2010-11-05
15. Energy Further efforts needed Generally aligned with the acquis 2006-05-15 2006-06-16 - - 2008-04-21 2009-11-27
16. Taxation Considerable efforts needed Generally aligned with the acquis 2006-06-06 2006-07-12 2008–12 2009–10 2009-10-02 2010-06-30
17. Economic & Monetary Policy No major difficulties expected Generally aligned with the acquis 2006-02-16 2006-03-23 - - 2006-12-21 2008-12-19
18. Statistics No major difficulties expected Generally aligned with the acquis 2006-06-19 2006-07-18 2008–12 2009–10 2007-06-26 2009-10-02
19. Social Policy & Employment Considerable efforts needed Generally aligned with the acquis 2006-02-08 2006-03-22 - - 2008-06-17 2009-12-21
20. Enterprise & Industrial Policy No major difficulties expected Generally aligned with the acquis 2006-03-27 2006-05-05 - - 2006-12-21 2008-07-25
21. Trans-European Networks No major difficulties expected Generally aligned with the acquis 2006-06-30 2006-09-29 2008–12 2009–10 2007-12-19 2009-10-02
22. Regional Policy & Coordination of Structural Instruments Considerable efforts needed Generally aligned with the acquis 2006-09-11 2006-10-10 2008–12 2009–10 2009-10-02 2011-04-19
23. Judiciary & Fundamental Rights Considerable efforts needed Generally aligned with the acquis 2006-09-06 2006-10-13 - - 2010-06-30 2011-06-30
24. Justice, Freedom & Security Considerable efforts needed Generally aligned with the acquis 2006-01-23 2006-02-15 2008–12 2009–10 2009-10-02 2010-12-22
25. Science & Research No major difficulties expected Generally aligned with the acquis 2005-10-20 2005-11-14 - - 2006-06-12 2006-06-12
26. Education & Culture No major difficulties expected Generally aligned with the acquis 2005-10-26 2005-11-16 - - 2006-12-11 2006-12-11
27. Environment Totally incompatible with acquis Generally aligned with the acquis 2006-04-03 2006-06-02 2008–12 2010-02 2010-02-19 2010-12-22
28. Consumer & Health Protection Further efforts needed Generally aligned with the acquis 2006-06-08 2006-07-11 - - 2007-10-12 2009-11-27
29. Customs Union Further efforts needed Generally aligned with the acquis 2006-01-31 2006-03-14 2008–12 2009–10 2006-12-21 2009-10-02
30. External Relations No major difficulties expected Generally aligned with the acquis 2006-07-10 2006-09-13 - - 2007-10-12 2008-10-30
31. Foreign, Security & Defence Policy No major difficulties expected Generally aligned with the acquis 2006-09-14 2006-10-06 2008–12 2010-04 2010-06-30 2010-12-22
32. Financial Control Further efforts needed Generally aligned with the acquis 2006-05-18 2006-06-30 - - 2007-06-26 2010-07-27
33. Financial & Budgetary Provisions No major difficulties expected Generally aligned with the acquis 2006-09-06 2006-10-04 - - 2007-12-19 2011-06-30
34. Institutions Nothing to adopt – – – - - 2010-11-05 2010-11-05
35. Other Issues Nothing to adopt – – – - - 2011-06-30 2011-06-30
Progress 33 out of 33 33 out of 33 13 out of 33 13 out of 13 35 out of 35 35 out of 35

Timeline

Date Event
1998-03-04 Ministry of European Integration formed within the Croatian Government.
2001-10-29 Croatia signs the Stabilisation and Association Agreement (SAA).
2003-02-21 Formal application for membership submitted.
2003-10-09 Croatia submits answers to the Commission's Questionnaire.
2004-04-20 European Commission replies to the answers with a positive opinion (Avis).
2004-06-18 Croatia receives official candidate status.
2004-12-20 European Council sets the date for the entry negotiations to begin 2005-03-17.
2005-02-01 SAA comes into force.
2005-03-16 Negotiations postponed.
2005-10-04 Beginning of negotiations (shortly after midnight in Luxembourg).
2005-10-20 Beginning of the screening process.
2006-06-12 1 chapter is opened & closed: Science & Research.
2006-06-28 2 chapters are opened: Competition Policy and Customs Union.
2006-07-20 1 chapter is opened: Social Policy & Employment.
2006-12-11 1 chapter is opened & closed: Education & Culture.
2007-03-29 1 chapter is opened: Intellectual Property Law.
2007-06-26 6 chapters are opened: Company Law, Financial Control, Financial Services, Information Society & Media, Right of Establishment & Freedom To Provide Services, and Statistics.
2007-10-12 2 chapters are opened: Consumer & Health Protection and External Relations.
2007-12-20 2 chapters are opened: Trans-European Networks and Financial & Budgetary Provisions.
2008-04-21 2 chapters are opened: Energy and Transport Policy.
2008-06-17 2 chapters are opened: Freedom of Movement For Workers and Social Policy & Employment.
2008-07-25 1 chapter is opened: Free Movement of Goods. 1 chapter is closed: Enterprise & Industrial Policy.
2008-10-30 1 chapter is closed: External Relations.
2008-12-19 1 chapter is opened: Public Procurement. 3 chapters are closed: Economic & Monetary Policy, Information Society & Media, and Intellectual Property Law.
2009-04-23 EU calls off talks with Croatia due to the latter having a border dispute with Slovenia over the Bay of Piran.
2009-09-11 Slovenia agrees on an immediate ending of its blockade of Croatia's EU accession & further negotiation of the Gulf of Piran border dispute between the 2 countries.
2009-10-02 Croatia closed 5 chapters & opened 6. Chapters that were closed: Company Law, Customs Union, Freedom of Movement of Workers, Statistics, and Trans-European Networks.
2009-11-27 3 chapters are closed: Consumer & Health Protection, Energy, and Financial Services.
2009-12-21 2 chapters are closed: Right of Establishment & Freedom To Provide Services and Social Policy & Employment.
2010-02-19 2 chapters are opened: Environment & Fisheries.
2010-04-19 1 chapter is closed: Free Movement of Goods.
2010-06-30 2 chapters are closed: Taxation and Public Procurement. 3 chapters are opened: Foreign, Security & Defence Policy, Judiciary & Fundamental Rights, and Competition Policy.
2010-07-27 2 chapters are closed: Food Safety, Veterinary & Phytosanitary Policy and Financial Control.
2010-11-05 3 chapters are closed: Institutions, Transport Policy and Free Movement of Capital.
2010-12-22 3 chapters are closed: 24. Justice, Freedom & Security, 27. Environment and 31. Foreign, Security & Defence Policy.
2011-04-19 2 chapters are closed: 11. Agriculture & Rural Development, 22. Regional Policy & Coordination of Structural Instruments
2011-06-06 1 chapter is closed: 13. Fisheries
2011-06-10 Commission recommends closing of the negotiations and sets 2013-07-01 as target entry date
2011-06-24 European Council calls for finishing negotiations by the end of June and signing of the Treaty of Accession by the end of 2011
2011-06-30 End of accession negotiations. Final 4 chapters are closed: 8. Competition Policy, 23. Judiciary & Fundamental Rights, 33. Financial & Budgetary Provisions and 35. Other Issues.
2011-10-12 Commission adopts a favourable opinion on Croatia's accession to the EU
2011-12-01 European Parliament approves Croatia's entry to the EU.
2011-12-09 Croatia and the 27 Member States of the European Union sign the EU accession treaty.
2012-01-22 EU accession referendum held in Croatia, 66.25% voted in favor, 33.13% against. About 47% of eligible voters took part in the referendum.
2012-02-01 Parliament of Slovakia unanimously ratifies Croatian accession treaty.
2012-02-13 National Assembly of Hungary ratifies Croatian accession treaty.
2012-02-17 Parliament of Bulgaria ratifies Croatian accession treaty.
2012-03-01 Parliament of Italy ratifies Croatian accession treaty.
2012-03-05 Parliament of Malta ratifies Croatian accession treaty.
2012-03-09 Parliament of Croatia unanimously ratifies Croatia's EU accession treaty.
2012-03-22 Parliament of Latvia ratifies Croatian accession treaty.
2012-04-26 Parliament of Lithuania ratifies Croatian accession treaty.
2012-05-03 Parliament of Cyprus unanimously ratifies Croatian accession treaty.
2012-06-27 President of the Czech Republic ratifies Croatian accession treaty.
2012-07-02 President of Romania ratifies Croatian accession treaty.
2012-07-04 Parliament of Austria ratifies Croatian accession treaty.
2012-09-12 Parliament of Estonia unanimously ratifies Croatian accession treaty.
2012-09-14 National Assembly of Poland ratifies accession treaty.
2012-09-21 Assembly of the Republic of Portugal ratifies accession treaty.
2012-10-08 Ireland notifies the EU of its ratification of the treaty.
2012-10-10 Chambers of Deputies of Luxembourg unanimously ratifies Croatian accession treaty.
2012-10-24 Cortes Generales of Spain ratifies Croatian accession treaty.
2012-10-30 Parliament of Greece ratifies Croatian accession treaty.
2012-11-07 Parliament of Sweden ratifies Croatian accession treaty.
2012-12-18 Parliament of Finland ratifies Croatian accession treaty.
2013-01-15 Senate of France ratifies Croatian accession treaty.
2013-01-17 National Assembly of France ratifies Croatian accession treaty.
2013-01-31 Parliament of the United Kingdom ratifies Croatian accession treaty.
2013-02-05 House of Representatives of the Netherlands passes the approval law for the Croatian accession treaty.
2013-03-07 Croatian and Slovenian governments reach an agreement on Ljubljanska Banka. The Slovenian government immediately starts the process of ratification.
2013-04-02 Parliament of Slovenia ratifies Croatian accession treaty.
2013-04-14 European Parliament election
2013-04-16 Dutch Senate ratifies Croatian accession treaty.
2013-05-02 Parliament of Denmark ratifies Croatian accession treaty.
2013-05-16 Bundestag of Germany ratifies Croatian accession treaty (583 votes in favour and six abstentions).

Date of accession

Originally Croatia had been aiming for a 2007 accession date, which would have broken Slovakia's record of 2.5 years of negotiations to complete the process. Negotiations however turned out to be tougher than expected. On 5 November 2008, the European Commission's annual progress report on Croatia's candidacy was published. Olli Rehn stated that the country should aim to complete accession negotiations by the end of 2009, with membership following by 2011 at the latest. In 2009 it was also reported that Iceland may be fast-tracked into the European Union, and Rehn said that "the EU prefers two countries joining at the same time rather than individually. If Iceland applies shortly and the negotiations are rapid, Croatia and Iceland could join the EU in parallel". The last non-acquis hurdle to membership, the maritime border dispute with Slovenia, was overcome in November 2009.

Croatia ultimately finished its accession negotiations on 30 June 2011, and signed the Treaty of Accession 2011 in Brussels on 9 December 2011; followed by approval of it by a national referendum on 22 January 2012 and completing their ratification process on 4 April 2012. Entry into force and accession of Croatia to the EU is set to be 1 July 2013, provided that all 27 EU members and Croatia have ratified the accession treaty before this date. As of 20 May 2013, Croatia and 22 out of 27 EU members have officially ratified the treaty and deposited their instruments of ratification.

Ratification completed (in order of date of deposit of instrument of ratification): Slovakia, Hungary, Malta, Croatia, Italy, Bulgaria, Latvia, Cyprus, Lithuania, Czech Republic, Romania, Austria, Ireland, Estonia, Portugal, Greece, Sweden, Spain, Luxembourg, Poland, France, Finland, United Kingdom.

Parliamentary approval obtained: Belgium, Denmark, Netherlands, Slovenia, Germany.

Public opinion

See also: Croatian European Union membership referendum, 2012 § Opinion polling

Croatian public opinion was divided on EU accession. The opinion polling for the EU referendum has shown the population is mostly in favour of the accession, but often with only a relative majority. Public support has wavered from a high of 80% to lows of 26–38%. Among other factors, political analyst Višeslav Raos cited economic problems within the EU: " know that the European Union is not a remedy to all economic and social problems. So the EU itself is in a sort of crisis, and that reflects on Croatia's accession." The government announced an information campaign to reverse the drop in support.

An opinion poll conducted by Ipsos Puls and published in December 2010 indicated that 76 per cent of those polled would vote in a referendum on the subject and that 64 per cent of this group would vote "yes" to membership, 29 per cent would vote "no" and seven per cent were undecided. The people of Croatia voted on a referendum on Croatia's accession to the European Union on 22 January 2012, with 66% of voters agreeing to accede.

See also

References

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  14. ^ Excluding Chapters 34 (Institutions) and 35 (Other Issues) since these are not legislation chapters.
  15. In this case Chapters 34 and 35 are taken into account as also if they had not been provisionally opened, they have to be closed the same
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  59. "Croatia EU referendum: Voters back membership". BBC News. 22 January 2012. Retrieved 22 January 2012.

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