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| ] for Fredrik Sander's 1893 edition of the ]. Woodcut by ].]] | ] for Fredrik Sander's 1893 edition of the ]. Woodcut by ].]] | ||
| '''Mannus''' is a |
In ], '''Mannus''' is a figure attested by the 1st century AD ] historian ] in his work '']''. According to Tacitus, Mannus is the son of ] and the progenitor of the ] Germanic tribes ], ] and ]. | ||
| ==Tacitus' account== | |||
| ⚫ | ] ('']'', chapter 2), writing in ], related as follows: | ||
| ⚫ | :"In ancient lays, their only type of historical tradition, they celebrate Tuisto, a god brought forth from the earth. They attribute to him a son, Mannus, the source and founder of their people, and to Mannus three sons, from whose names those nearest the Ocean are called Ingvaeones, those in the middle Herminones, and the rest Istvaeones. Some people, inasmuch as antiquity gives free rein to speculation, maintain that there were more sons born from the god and hence more tribal designations—], Gambrivii, ], and ]i—and that those names are genuine and ancient." |
||
| ==Etymology== | ==Etymology== | ||
| {{Main|Man (word)}} | {{Main|Man (word)}} | ||
| According to some scholars, the name of this deity or mythological ancestor of Germans is considered a ] word, meaning ''human'' or ''man'' (also '']'').<ref>Devī: Goddesses of India, p. 156, by John Stratton Hawley, Donna M. Wulff, Motilal Banarsidass Publication., 1998</ref><ref>"A Sanskrit Reader: Text and Vocabulary and Notes", p. 340, by Charles Rockwell Lanman, Motilal Banarsidass Publication., 1996</ref> By some, it has been connected with ] in ] tradition.<ref>Indo-European Language and Culture: An Introduction, p. 30, Benjamin W. Fortson, IV, 2011, John Wiley & Sons</ref><ref>Greek Mythology and Poetics, by Gregory Nagy, Cornell University Press, 1992, p. 111, quote = Manu can be described as a specialized multiform of Vivasvat: both figures are primordial sacrificers, both are ancestors of the human race, ... In Germanic lore, as we hear from Tacitus (Germania 2), the first man was Mannus, son of Tuisttr, the etymology of the latter name reveals the meaning.</ref><ref>Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland, p. 430, by Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain & Ireland, 1863</ref> | |||
| == |
==Attestations== | ||
| ⚫ | ] ('']'', chapter 2), writing in ], related as follows: | ||
| This deity shares his name with the ] of the ] and the 14th rune of the Younger Futhark. It also appears in the runic mnemonic the ], which states "Tiu, Birch, and Man in the Middle". Each of the poems associates Man with the earth, soil (moldR, eorthan).<ref>Germania, p. 50, by Cornelius Tacitus, J. B. Rives, Clarendon Press, 1999</ref><ref>Mannus, Volume 56, Issue 4, p. 358 - 359, 1990, Original from - the University of California</ref> | |||
| ==Related figures== | |||
| <!-- Theories from De Vries, Dumézil and others. --> | |||
| In the Eddas, Mannus seems to most closely resemble ] (World's Brightness).<ref>Taking Up The Runes: A Complete Guide To Using Runes In Spells, Rituals, Divination, And Magic, p. 203, Diana L. Paxson, Weiser, 01-May-2005</ref> In the opening passage of the '']'', men are referred to as being Heimdall's kin, while in the poem ''Rigsthula'' he is shown uniting each of the hierarchal ranks in siblinghood. Furthermore, while Mannus is remembered as being the father of both Odin and Frey, Heimdall is remembered as being one of the ], but also to have qualities directly linked to the ] and to exist in a close paternal relationship to ].<ref>Taking Up The Runes: A Complete Guide To Using Runes In Spells, Rituals, Divination, And Magic, p. 203-204, Diana L. Paxson, Weiser, 01-May-2005</ref> | |||
| ⚫ | :"In ancient lays, their only type of historical tradition, they celebrate Tuisto, a god brought forth from the earth. They attribute to him a son, Mannus, the source and founder of their people, and to Mannus three sons, from whose names those nearest the Ocean are called Ingvaeones, those in the middle Herminones, and the rest Istvaeones. Some people, inasmuch as antiquity gives free rein to speculation, maintain that there were more sons born from the god and hence more tribal designations—], Gambrivii, ], and ]i—and that those names are genuine and ancient." | ||
| In Eddaic Creation, Mannus occupies the same stead as ], ie. a god (Tuisto, Buri), begets a god (Mannus, Borr), begets a trio of brother gods (Ing-Irmin-Istaev, Odin-Vili-Ve). | |||
| Mannus again became popular in literature with the 16th century, after works published by ] and ] purported to list him as a primeval king over Germany and Sarmatia. | |||
| ==Sons of Mannus== | |||
| <!-- Theories from De Vries, Dumézil and others. --> | |||
| The names of the three sons of Mannus can be extrapolated as ], ], and ] aka Iscio.<ref>Populäre Mythologie, oder Götterlehre aller Völker, p. 112, F. Nork, Scheible, Rieger & Sattler</ref> In the Eddas we find the name Yngvi applied to the god FreyR, while the same source lists Jormun (the Old Norse cognate of Irmin) as a byname of Odin's. Widukind of Corvey further identifies the deity associated with the Saxon Irminsul as Hermin, that is, Hermes, but worshipped as Mars. | |||
| ==See also== | ==See also== | ||
Revision as of 16:49, 26 March 2014
This article is about the Germanic figure. For the rural community in New South Wales, Australia, see Mannus, New South Wales.
In Germanic mythology, Mannus is a figure attested by the 1st century AD Roman historian Tacitus in his work Germania. According to Tacitus, Mannus is the son of Tuisto and the progenitor of the three Germanic tribes Ingaevones, Herminones and Istvaeones.
Etymology
Main article: Man (word)Attestations
Tacitus (Germania, chapter 2), writing in Latin, related as follows:
- "In ancient lays, their only type of historical tradition, they celebrate Tuisto, a god brought forth from the earth. They attribute to him a son, Mannus, the source and founder of their people, and to Mannus three sons, from whose names those nearest the Ocean are called Ingvaeones, those in the middle Herminones, and the rest Istvaeones. Some people, inasmuch as antiquity gives free rein to speculation, maintain that there were more sons born from the god and hence more tribal designations—Marsi, Gambrivii, Suebi, and Vandilii—and that those names are genuine and ancient."
Mannus again became popular in literature with the 16th century, after works published by Annius de Viterbo and Johannes Aventinus purported to list him as a primeval king over Germany and Sarmatia.
See also
- Ask and Embla, the first humans in Norse mythology
References
- Grimm, Jacob (1835). Deutsche Mythologie (German Mythology); From English released version Grimm's Teutonic Mythology (1888); Available online by Northvegr © 2004-2007: Chapter 15, page 2 File retrieved 12-08-2011.
- Tacitus. Germania (1st Century AD). (in Latin)
