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Serb enclaves in Kosovo: Difference between revisions

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'''Kosovo Serb Enclaves''' are the areas of ]{{ref label|status|a|}} where ] form a majority. This term usually does not include ], a territory in the northern part of ] with a compact ethnic ] majority, in which Kosovo institutions are still not fully operational. After the initial outflow after the ] the situation of the Kosovan Serb communities has improved and under the Ahtisaari plan minority rights have been promoted.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.helsinki.org.rs/doc/Serb%20Community%20in%20Kosovo.pdf|title=Serb community in Kosovo|date=June 2012|publisher=Helsinki Committee for Human Rights in Serbia|accessdate=23 September 2012|page=11}}</ref> '''Kosovo Serb Enclaves''' are the areas of ]{{ref label|status|a|}} where ] form a majority. This term usually does not include ], a territory in the northern part of ] with a compact ethnic ] majority, in which Kosovo institutions are still not fully operational. After the initial outflow after the ] the situation of the Kosovan Serb communities has improved and under the Ahtisaari plan minority rights have been promoted.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.helsinki.org.rs/doc/Serb%20Community%20in%20Kosovo.pdf|title=Serb community in Kosovo|date=June 2012|publisher=Helsinki Committee for Human Rights in Serbia|accessdate=23 September 2012|page=11}}</ref>


Serbs have built roadblocks and barricades, to prevent access by Kosovo police and customs officers.<ref name="economist.com">{{cite news|url=http://www.economist.com/blogs/easternapproaches/2011/11/serbia-and-kosovo|accessdate=23 September 2012|title=Serbia and Kosovo: On the border of conflict|work=]|date=21 November 2011}}</ref> Serbs have built roadblocks and barricades, to prevent access by Kosovo police and customs officers.<ref name="economist.com">{{cite news|url=http://www.economist.com/blogs/easternapproaches/2011/11/serbia-and-kosovo|accessdate=23 September 2012|title=Serbia and Kosovo: On the border of conflict|work=]|date=21 November 2011}}</ref> The 2013 Brussels Agreement allowed full operation of Kosovo police and customs officials.


==History== ==History==
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Between 2000 and 2008, the ] administration created eight new municipalities on the territory of Kosovo. Three of those new municipalities have an ethnic Serb majority: ], ] and ]. This move is not recognized by the ]. In 2008, the ] was created to coordinate the efforts of the Serbian minority in Kosovo. There are some 120,000 Serbs in Kosovo, of whom about a third are in the north. They believe that if Kosovar government officials are deployed on the border, Kosovo will eventually take control of the north, which is now a de facto part of Serbia. Kosovo's Serbs, especially in the north, reject its independence.<ref name="economist.com"/> Between 2000 and 2008, the ] administration created eight new municipalities on the territory of Kosovo. Three of those new municipalities have an ethnic Serb majority: ], ] and ]. This move is not recognized by the ]. In 2008, the ] was created to coordinate the efforts of the Serbian minority in Kosovo. There are some 120,000 Serbs in Kosovo, of whom about a third are in the north. They believe that if Kosovar government officials are deployed on the border, Kosovo will eventually take control of the north, which is now a de facto part of Serbia. Kosovo's Serbs, especially in the north, reject its independence.<ref name="economist.com"/>

The 2013 Brussels agreement abolished all Government of Serbia institutions including the "Assembly for kosovo and Metohija" and all Serbs will integrate into exclusively Kosovo institutions. The Brussels agreement allows for a Community for Serb Municiplaities with no executive, judicial, or legislative power as all those areas are under the exclusive control of Pristina.


==Demographics== ==Demographics==

Revision as of 19:02, 25 April 2014

Ethnic composition of Kosovo in 2005 according to the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe,
showing Serb-populated parts of Kosovo
Serb population of Kosovo in 2011

Kosovo Serb Enclaves are the areas of Kosovo where Serbs form a majority. This term usually does not include North Kosovo, a territory in the northern part of Kosovo with a compact ethnic Serb majority, in which Kosovo institutions are still not fully operational. After the initial outflow after the Kosovo War the situation of the Kosovan Serb communities has improved and under the Ahtisaari plan minority rights have been promoted.

Serbs have built roadblocks and barricades, to prevent access by Kosovo police and customs officers. The 2013 Brussels Agreement allowed full operation of Kosovo police and customs officials.

History

Old Serb woman in enclave near Peć, Kosovo, 2000

According to the 1991 census in Yugoslavia, there were five municipalities with a Serb majority in the Autonomous Province of Kosovo and Metohija. Those were: Leposavić, Zvečan, Zubin Potok, Štrpce and Novo Brdo. The remaining municipalities had an Albanian majority. Other significant ethnic minority in Kosovo were Muslims by nationality (today mostly identify as Bosniaks), and Roma who did not form majority in any of the municipalities. The 1991 census was boycotted by most Albanians., and is generally seen as unreliable.

Prior to the 1999 Kosovo War, there were many more Serbs living in the territory of Kosovo. Many of them left in 1999, and some more left during the 2004 unrest, when cultural and architectural heritage of the Serb people was targeted, and as a result 35 churches, including 18 monuments of culture, were demolished, burnt or severely damaged. Estimates of the number of Serbs thus displaced range from 65,000 to 250,000 Only about 3.000 of them have returned since. Based on Serbian former Ministry for Kosovo and Metohija, 312 of 437 towns and villages in which Serbs lived were completely ethnically cleansed, and in the ensuing violence, more than 1.000 Serbs were killed, while 841 were kidnapped and 960 wounded.

Between 2000 and 2008, the UNMIK administration created eight new municipalities on the territory of Kosovo. Three of those new municipalities have an ethnic Serb majority: Gračanica, Klokot-Vrbovac and Ranilug. This move is not recognized by the Government of Serbia. In 2008, the Community Assembly of Kosovo and Metohija was created to coordinate the efforts of the Serbian minority in Kosovo. There are some 120,000 Serbs in Kosovo, of whom about a third are in the north. They believe that if Kosovar government officials are deployed on the border, Kosovo will eventually take control of the north, which is now a de facto part of Serbia. Kosovo's Serbs, especially in the north, reject its independence.

The 2013 Brussels agreement abolished all Government of Serbia institutions including the "Assembly for kosovo and Metohija" and all Serbs will integrate into exclusively Kosovo institutions. The Brussels agreement allows for a Community for Serb Municiplaities with no executive, judicial, or legislative power as all those areas are under the exclusive control of Pristina.

Demographics

Municipalities

As of June 2011, based on the Statistical Office of Kosovo, the following municipalities of Kosovo have a Serb majority:

In Novo Brdo, Štrpce and Klokot Serbs form about 45% of the total population.

Towns and villages

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Smaller Serbian communities are also present in Prizren, Gnjilane and Obilić.

Serbian-language media in enclaves

See also

Notes and references

Notes
a.   Template:Kosovo-note
References
  1. "Serb community in Kosovo" (PDF). Helsinki Committee for Human Rights in Serbia. June 2012. p. 11. Retrieved 23 September 2012.
  2. ^ "Serbia and Kosovo: On the border of conflict". The Economist. 21 November 2011. Retrieved 23 September 2012.
  3. European Stability Initiative (ESI): The Lausanne Principle: Multiethnicity, Territory and the Future of Kosovo's Serbs (.pdf) , 7 June 2004.
  4. Coordinating Centre of Serbia for Kosovo-Metohija: Principles of the program for return of internally displaced persons from Kosovo and Metohija.
  5. UNHCR: 2002 Annual Statistical Report: Serbia and Montenegro, pg. 9
  6. US Committee for Refugees and Immigrants (USCRI): Country report: Serbia and Montenegro 2006.
  7. "Kosovo: The Human Rights Situation and the Fate of Persons Displaced from Their Homes (.pdf) ", report by Alvaro Gil-Robles, Council of Europe Commissioner for Human Rights, Strasbourg, 16 October 2002, p. 30.
  8. UNHCR, Critical Appraisal of Responsee Mechanisms Operating in Kosovo for Minority Returns, Pristina, February 2004, p. 14.
  9. ^ US Committee for Refugees (USCR), April 2000, Reversal of Fortune: Yugoslavia's Refugees Crisis Since the Ethnic Albanian Return to Kosovo, p. 2–3.
  10. "Kosovo: The human rights situation and the fate of persons displaced from their homes (.pdf) ", report by Alvaro Gil-Robles, Council of Europe Commissioner for Human Rights, Strasbourg, 16 October 2002.
  11. International Relations and Security Network (ISN): Serbians return to Kosovo not impossible, says report (.pdf) , by Tim Judah, 7 June 2004.
  12. B92: Interesovanje za povratak na Kosovo (The Interest for Returning to Kosovo), 8 Jun 2009 Template:Sr icon
  13. "Raseljeni Srbi žele povratak na Kosovo". RTS. 8 June 2009. Retrieved 23 September 2012.
  14. ^ "REKOS 2011: Results". Statistical Office of Kosovo. September 2012. Retrieved 22 September 2012.
  15. ^ Blic:"Struja se mora plaćati", 15. 05. 2009. Template:Sr icon
  16. Glas Javnosti: Setva u okruženju, 1 Apr 2000 (Retrieved 29 Nov 2010) Template:Sr icon
  17. B92: Sukob Srba i KPS-a na protestima, 10 May 2009 Template:Sr icon
  18. B92: Zadušnice na Kosovu, 6 Jun 2009Template:Sr icon

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