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The visa policy of the Schengen Area is set by the European Union and applies to the Schengen Area and to other EU member states without opt-outs. If someone other than a European Union, European Economic Area or Swiss national wishes to enter the Schengen Area, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus or Romania they must have a visa or be a citizen of a visa exempt country.

The Schengen Area consists of twenty-two European Union member states and four non-members: Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway and Switzerland. Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus and Romania are not yet part of the Schengen Area, but nonetheless have a visa policy that is based on the Schengen acquis.

Ireland and the United Kingdom opt-out from the EU's visa policy and instead operate their own separate visa policies. As do certain oversea territories of EU and EEA member states.

European Union citizens, European Economic Area nationals and Swiss citizens are not only visa-exempt but are legally entitled to enter and reside in each other's countries. Their right to the freedom of movement in each other's countries can, however, be limited in a small number of situations.

Freedom of movement

Directive 2004/38/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 29 April 2004 recognises the right of citizens of the Union and their family members to move and reside freely within the territory of the Member States defines the right of free movement for citizens of the European Economic Area (EEA), which includes the European Union (EU) and the three European Free Trade Association (EFTA) members Iceland, Norway and Liechtenstein. Switzerland, which is a member of EFTA but not of the EEA, is not bound by the Directive but rather has a separate bilateral agreement on the free movement with the EU.

Citizens of all European Economic Area (EEA) member states and Switzerland holding a valid passport or national identity card enjoy freedom of movement rights in each other's territory and can enter and reside in the each other's territory without a visa.

If EU, EEA and Swiss nationals are unable to present a valid passport or national identity card at the border, they must nonetheless be afforded every reasonable opportunity to obtain the necessary documents or have them brought to them within a reasonable period of time or corroborate or prove by other means that he/she is covered by the right of free movement.

However, EU, EEA member states and Switzerland can refuse entry to an EU/EEA/Swiss national on public policy, public security or public health grounds where the person presents a "genuine, present and sufficiently serious threat affecting one of the fundamental interests of society". If the person has obtained permanent residence in the country where he/she seeks entry (a status which is normally attained after 5 years of residence), the member state can only expel him/her on serious grounds of public policy or public security. Where the person has resided for 10 years or is a minor, the member state can only expel him/her on imperative grounds of public security (and, in the case of minors, if expulsion is necessary in the best interests of the child, as provided for in the Convention on the Rights of the Child). Expulsion on public health grounds must relate to diseases with 'epidemic potential' which have occurred less than 3 months from the person's the date of arrival in the Member State where he/she seeks entry.

Non-EU/EEA/Swiss citizen Family members

A family member of an EU/EEA/Swiss citizen who is in possession of a residence permit indicating their status is exempt from the requirement to hold a visa when entering the European Union, European Economic Area or Switzerland when they are accompanying their EU/EEA/Swiss family member or are seeking to join them. However the UK requires family members to obtain a special permit in order to enter the United Kingdom. Non-EU family members will need a Schengen Visa before they travel to Switzerland even if they possess a UK residence permit that clearly mentions that they are the family member of an EEA Citizen.

Visa exemptions

Starting from 2001, the European Union issues two lists regarding visas for the Schengen Area: a white list of countries whose nationals do not require visas (Annex II) and a black list of countries whose nationals do require visas (Annex I). The two lists are also adopted by Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus and Romania, even though the four countries are not yet part of the Schengen Area.

Individuals in the following categories can enter the Schengen Area, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, and Romania without a visa:

As of right

• European Union citizens
• citizens of non-EU member states of the European Economic Area, namely Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway, and
• citizens of Switzerland

If EU, EEA and Swiss nationals are unable to present a valid passport or national identity card at the border, they must nonetheless be afforded every reasonable opportunity to obtain the necessary documents or have them brought to them within a reasonable period of time or corroborate or prove by other means that he/she is covered by the right of free movement.

Family members of EU, EEA and Swiss citizens

An individual can enter the Schengen Area as a whole for up to 90 days without a visa if he/she:

• holds a valid travel document, and
• possesses a residence permit indicating either "family member of an EU citizen" or "family member of an EEA or CH citizen", and
• is travelling together with or joining an EU/EEA/Swiss citizen family member.

A family member of an EU/EEA/Swiss citizen satisfying the above conditions can also enter Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus and Romania and stay for up to 90 days in each country.

In theory, a family member of an EU/EEA/Swiss citizen who does not fulfil the above conditions does not have to apply for a visa in advance, and can instead obtain a visa on arrival at the border checkpoint of a Schengen country, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus or Romania by presenting evidence of the familial relationship.

Citizens of 'Annex II' countries and territories

• Citizens of the following 41 countries and territories holding ordinary passports:

The above Annex II nationals can enter the Schengen Area as a whole for pleasure or for business without the need to apply for a visa for a maximum of 90 days in any 180 day period (which entails considering the 180 day period preceding each day of stay). Any time spent by an Annex II national in the Schengen Area on a long-stay visa or a residence permit does not count towards the visa exemption period limit of 90 days. New Zealand citizens, however, can spend up to 90 days in each of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, The Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden and Switzerland (as well as Hungary if visiting it as the final Schengen destination) without reference to time spent in other Schengen signatory states, but if travelling to other Schengen countries the 90 days in any 180 day period time limit applies. In addition, above the framework of the Schengen visa exemption of 90 days in any 180 day period, Argentine, Chilean, Costa Rican, Israeli, Malaysian, Mexican, South Korean and Uruguayan citizens are permitted to spend an extra 3 months per 6 month period visa-free in the Czech Republic, regardless of time spent in other Schengen countries. Similarly, above the framework of the Schengen visa exemption of 90 days in any 180 day period, Australian, Brazilian, Canadian, Chilean, Israeli, Japanese, Malaysian, Singaporean, South Korean and United States citizens are permitted to spend an extra period of 90 days visa-free in Denmark. Again, above the framework of the Schengen visa exemption of 90 days in any 180 day period, Israeli, South Korean and United States citizens are permitted to spend an extra period of 90 days visa-free in Poland.

The above Annex II nationals can also enter Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus and Romania without a visa for a maximum of 90 days in a 180 day period in each of these countries. The visa-free time restrictions for each of these countries is calculated separately (as well as being separate to the Schengen Area visa-free time restriction).

Although all Annex II nationals can enter Schengen countries, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus and Romania visa-free for pleasure or for business, individual countries can decide to impose a visa requirement on those who wish to enter to work (i.e. to carry out a 'paid activity'). The table at the end of the article indicates which individual countries permit Annex II nationals to work during their visa-free stay.

To be able to enter the Schengen Area/Bulgaria/Croatia/Cyprus/Romania without a visa, the above Annex II nationals are required to have a travel document which is valid for at least 3 months after the intended date of departure and which has been issued in the previous 10 years, have sufficient funds for their stay and onward/return journey, justify the purpose and conditions of their stay, not be listed in the Schengen Information System as someone to be refused entry and not be considered as a threat to public policy, internal security, public health or the international relations of any Schengen country.

School pupils resident in the EU, EEA and Switzerland

A school pupil who is not an EU, EEA or Swiss citizen, but who legally resides in the EU, EEA or Switzerland, can enter the Schengen Area, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus and/or Romania without a visa for a short stay or transit if:

• he/she is travelling as a member of a group of school pupils from a general education school, and
• the group is accompanied by a teacher from the school, and
• the teacher can present a 'List of Travellers' form identifying the pupils on the trip, the purpose and circumstances of the intended stay/transit.

Even though a school pupil fulfilling all of the above conditions is exempt from having to obtain a visa to enter the Schengen Area, Bulgaria, Cyprus and/or Romania, he/she is nonetheless required to have a valid travel document. However, he/she is exempt from having to carry a valid travel document if:

• a photograph of him/her is included in the 'List of Travellers' form, and
• the responsible authority in the member state where he/she resides endorses the 'List of Travellers' form to confirm his/her residence status and his/her right to re-entry.

School pupils resident in Annex II countries and territories

School pupils travelling in the context of a school excursion as members of a group of school pupils accompanied by a teacher from the school in question who reside in an Annex II country/territory, but hold the nationality of an Annex I country/territory, are granted visa-free entry to Cyprus, Germany, Malta, Poland, Slovakia and Sweden, but not other Schengen countries.

Note that school pupils (of any nationality and resident in any country) who require a visa for the Schengen Area, Bulgaria, Cyprus and/or Romania and who are visiting for the purpose of study and/or educational training are waived the visa application fee (but are still required to submit the relevant supporting documents).

Refugees and stateless persons resident in Annex II countries and territories

Refugees and stateless persons who are legally resident in an Annex II country/territory and hold a travel document issued by the competent authorities in their country/territory of residence can enter Germany, Hungary and Slovenia visa-free. For Germany, the visa exemption only applies if the travel document is issued in accordance with the rules in the Convention Relating to the Status of Stateless Persons. Refugees (but not stateless persons) legally resident in Annex II countries holding a travel document issued by the competent authorities in their country of residence can also enter Slovakia visa-free. However, these visa exemptions do not apply at all to refugees and stateless persons seeking visa-free entry into Germany, Hungary and/or Slovakia who reside in Albania, Antigua and Barbuda, Bahamas, Barbados, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Macedonia, Mauritius, Montenegro, Serbia or Seychelles. In addition, refugees residing in the United States and holding a travel document issued by the American authorities can enter Belgium and the Netherlands without a visa.

Holders of local border traffic permits

Schengen countries are authorised by virtue of the EU regulation no 1931/2006 to conclude bilateral agreements with neighbouring third countries to introduce a local border traffic permit scheme. Such permits are a type of multiple-entry visa in the form of a passport sticker or a card containing the holder's name and photo, as well as a statement that its holder is not authorised to move outside the border area and that any abuse shall be subject to penalties. The border area may include any administrative district within 30 kilometres from the external border (and, if any district extends beyond that limit, the whole district up to 50 kilometres from the border). The applicant for the permit has to show legitimate reasons to frequently cross an external land border under the local border traffic regime. The validity of the permit can be up to five years.

Holders of local border traffic permits are able to spend up to 3 months every time they enter the border area of the Schengen country which has issued the permit (this time limit is far more generous than the '90 days in a 180 day period' normally granted to third-country nationals visiting the Schengen Area).

A local border traffic permit scheme has been implemented in Hungary, Poland and Slovakia for Ukrainian citizens, is being implemented or negotiated in Poland and Lithuania regarding Belarus and the Kaliningrad area, and has also been implemented in a 30 km border zone between Norway and Russia in 2012. See Schengen Area#Local border traffic at external borders.

The is also a tendency of especially Finland to allow more and more one-year multiple-entry visas to Russians. There are plans in EU to allow up to 5 year validity on multiple-entry visas for Russians, partly to relieve work load at embassies.

Obtaining a visa

If a traveller cannot benefit from one of the visa exemptions listed above, he or she must take the following steps to obtain a Schengen visa:

• He or she must first identify which Schengen country is the main destination. This determines the State responsible for deciding on the Schengen visa application and therefore the embassy, high commission or the consulate where the traveller will have to lodge the application. If the main destination cannot be determined, the traveller should file the visa application at the embassy, high commission or consulate of the Schengen country of first entry. If the Schengen State of the main destination or first entry does not have a diplomatic mission or consular post in his country (or consular district), the traveller must contact the embassy or the consulate of another Schengen country, normally located in the traveller's country (or consular district), which represents, for the purpose of issuing Schengen visas, the country of the main destination or first entry.
• Some Schengen member state embassies, high commissions and consulates require visa applicants to obtain an appointment in advance.
• In certain countries, the embassy, high commission or the consulate where the traveller has to lodge his or her visa application may have appointed an external service provider (e.g. VFS Global) to collect and return visa applications. Often, the external service provider will collect an additional service charge on top of the Schengen visa application fee. However, if an embassy, high commission or consulate of a Schengen member state decides to appoint an external service provider, it is obliged to retain the option for visa applicants to continue to lodge applications directly at the embassy/high commission/consulate rather than through the external service provider. According to instructions from the European Commission, visa applicants must have a 'genuine choice' between using an external service provider and applying directly at the relevant Schengen member state embassy/high commission/consulate. Specifically, this means that the waiting time to obtain an appointment directly at the embassy/high commission/consulate must not be so long in comparison with the waiting time to obtain an appointment through the external service provider so as to render direct access to the embassy/high commission/consulate 'impossible in practice'. In addition, visa applicants must be clearly told by both the embassy/high commission/consulate and the external service provider that they have the choice either to apply directly at the embassy/high commission/consulate or to use the external service provider, as well as the fact (if applicable) that the external service provider charges an additional service fee.
• The traveller must then present the Schengen visa application to the responsible embassy, high commission or consulate (or its appointed external service provider). The application cannot be submitted more than three months before the date he or she intends to enter the Schengen Area. An application form is to be submitted (all Schengen countries issue Schengen visa application forms in a harmonised, uniform format in a variety of languages), together with a valid passport/travel document and, if necessary, the documents supporting the purpose and conditions of the stay in the Schengen Area (aim of the visit, duration of the stay, lodging). The traveller will also have to prove his or her means of subsistence, i.e., the funds available to cover, on the one hand, the expenses of the stay, taking into account its duration and the destination, and, on the other hand, the cost of the return to the home country. Certain embassies or consulates sometimes call the applicant to appear in person in order to explain verbally the reasons for the visa application.
• Some embassies, high commissions and consulates may require applicants to provide biometric identifiers (typically fingerprints and a digital photograph) as part of the visa application process to be stored on the Visa Information System (VIS). Biometric identifiers are not collected from children under the age of 12.
• Finally, the traveller must have travel insurance that covers, for a minimum of €30,000, any expenses incurred as a result of emergency medical treatment or repatriation for health reasons. The proof of the travel insurance must in principle be provided at the end of the procedure, i.e. when the decision to grant the Schengen visa has already been made.
• If the visa application is 'admissible' (i.e. it has been submitted to the embassy/high commission/consulate of the correct Schengen member state), a decision must be given within 15 calendar days of the date on which the application was lodged. Where further scrutiny of the application is required or where the embassy/high commission/consulate receiving the application is representing another Member State, the decision must be given within 30 calendar days of the date on which the application was lodged. Exceptionally, where additional documentation is required, the decision must be given within 60 calendar days of the date on which the application was lodged.

It is possible, exceptionally, to obtain a single-entry Schengen visa valid for up to 15 days on arrival at the border if the individual can prove that he/she was unable to apply for a visa in advance due to time constraints arising out of 'unforeseeable' and 'imperative' reasons as long as he/she fulfils the regular criteria for the issuing of a Schengen visa. However, if the individual requesting a Schengen visa at the border falls within a category of people for which it is necessary to consult one or more of the central authorities of other Schengen States, he/she may only be issued a visa at the border in exceptional cases on humanitarian grounds, on grounds of national interest or on account of international obligations (such as the death or sudden serious illness of a close relative or of another close person). In 2011, over 106,000 Schengen visas were issued to travellers on arrival at the border.

The fee for a Schengen visa application is set at €60. Children between the ages of 6 and 11 (inclusive) pay a visa fee of €35, as do Georgian, Russian and Ukrainian passport holders. Children under the age of 6, students and teachers undertaking a stay for the purpose of study or educational training, certain scientific researchers and representatives aged 25 or under of non-profit organisations attending events organised by non-profit organisations have their visa fee completely waived. If the visa fee is being charged in the local currency (rather than in Euros), the Schengen member state embassy/high commission/consulate should review the exchange rate used at least every two weeks.

Consular staff, external service providers' staff and border guards are not permitted to discriminate against visa applicants on the basis of their race, sex, ethnic origin, religion or belief, disability, age or sexual orientation.

A Schengen visa is only valid for the Schengen Area. For individuals who require a visa for Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus and/or Romania, a separate Bulgarian/Croatian/Cypriot/Romanian visa has to be obtained. Note that holders of a Schengen visa can enter Bulgaria, Croatia and Romania for up to 90 days in a 180 day period during the validity of their Schengen visa without having to apply for Bulgarian, Croatian and/or Romanian visas. However, holders of Bulgarian, Croatian, Cypriot or Romanian visas need to apply for a Schengen visa to enter the Schengen Area. Bulgaria additionally recognizes short stay and transit visas issued by Croatia, Cyprus and Romania.

A different procedure applies to long-stay visas issued by Schengen countries, Bulgaria, Cyprus and Romania for stays of more than 3 months (see below).

Unrecognised travel documents

As the following travel documents are not recognised by any Schengen country, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus and Romania, visas are not endorsed inside the travel documents.

• Northern Cypriot passport
• Sahrawi passport
•  Camouflage and fantasy passports

In addition, the following entities are not recognised as sovereign states by any Schengen country, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus or Romania. As such, passports issued by them are not recognised as valid travel documents by any Schengen country, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus or Romania, and visas will not be attached to such passports.

• Abkhazian passport
• Nagorno-Karabakh passport
• Somaliland passport
• South Ossetian passport
• Transnistrian passport

Entry and stay visas: Application fees

Embassy or Consulate charges € 60 for each application for Schengen Visa. Children from 6 Years to12 years have to pay € 35 as the visa fee. This visa fee is Non –Refundable and remains same for everyone who is applying for Schengen Visa.

However the Nationals of following countries have to pay only € 35 for the Visa. Russian Federation, Ukraine, Georgia, Cape Verde, Republic of Moldova, Albania, Bosnia-Herzegovina, the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (FYROM), Montenegro and Serbia Not holding Biometric Passport.

Who are exempted from Visa Fee?

No charge. Visa fees are waived for the following foreign nationals:

• Foreign members of families of nationals of other Member States of the EU/EEA and Switzerland • children under 6 • Students of primary and secondary classes traveling as part of arrangements among schools, or who agree to take trips for the purposes of study or educational training • Researchers from third countries traveling for the purpose of carrying out scientific research as defined in Recommendation No 2005/761/EC • Representatives of non-profit organizations aged 25 years or less participating in seminars, conferences, sports, cultural or educational events organized by non-profit organizations.

Visa Fee May be exempted for the applicants falling under following categories:

• Children from the age of six years and below the age of 12 years • Holders of diplomatic and service passports • Participants aged 25 years or less in seminars, conferences, sports, cultural or educational events, organized by non-profit organizations.

Information regarding visa fee exemption that may be given by Schengen countries and additional visa fee waivers for specific categories of applicants can be found on the web sites of the Member States.

Specifications for Photographs

Photograph quality

'The photographs must be: • no more than 6-months old • 35–40mm in width close up of your head and top of your shoulders so that your face takes up 70–80% of the photograph • in sharp focus and clear • of high quality with no ink • marks or creases The photographs must: • show you looking directly at the camera • show your skin tones naturally • have appropriate brightness and contrast • be printed on high quality paper, and at high resolution Photographs taken with a • digital camera must be high quality color and printed on photo-quality paper.

Style and lighting

The photographs must: • be color neutral • show your eyes open and clearly visible—no hair across your eyes • show you facing square on to the camera, not looking over one shoulder (portrait style) or tilted, and showing both edges of your face clearly • be taken with a plain light-colored background • be taken with uniform lighting and not show shadows or flash reflections on your face and no red eye

Glasses and head covers

If you wear glasses:

• the photograph must show your eyes clearly with no flash reflection off the glasses, and no tinted lenses (if possible, avoid heavy frames—wear lighter framed glasses if you have them) • make sure that the frames do not cover any part of your eyes.

Head coverings:

• are not permitted except for religious reasons, but your facial features from bottom of chin to top of forehead and both edges of your face must be clearly shown.

Expression and frame

Your photographs must:

Show you alone (no chair backs, toys or other people visible), looking at the camera with a neutral expression and your mouth closed.

Visas with limited territorial validity

In exceptional cases, member states may issue visas with limited territorial validity (LTV) instead of a Schengen visa. A LTV visa may either specifically name member state(s) for which it is valid or, inversely, specifically name member state(s) for which it is not valid. Holders of LTV visas are only permitted to transit via, travel to, and circulate within the territories of, member states for which it is valid.

Schengen visa code that member states may issue LTV visas:

• when a consulate deems it justifiable to overcome the three-month limitation in six months;
• or when a member state considers it necessary due to pressing circumstances to derogate from entry conditions as set by Schengen Border code, or to overcome objections of other member states, or in cases of urgency.

Despite the fact that LTV visas may be issued in exceptional cases only, some member state abuse the facility. For instance, the Spanish Embassy in Russia occasionally issues LTV visas to tourists.

Airport transit

In general, a passenger who transits through an airport in the Schengen Area, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus and Romania while remaining airside will not require a visa.

However, on 5 April 2010, common visa requirements for airport transit were introduced by the European Union. At present, citizens of the following 12 countries are required to hold an airport transit visa (ATV) when transiting through any airport in the Schengen Area, Bulgaria, Cyprus or Romania, even if they remain airside:

Afghanistan  Bangladesh  DR Congo

Eritrea  Ethiopia  Ghana

Iran  Iraq  Nigeria

Pakistan  Somalia  Sri Lanka

However, citizens of the above 12 countries are exempt from airport transit visas if they:

• hold a Schengen visa, a national long-stay visa or a residence permit issued by an EU member state,
• hold certain residence permits issued by Andorra, Canada, Japan, San Marino or the United States guaranteeing the holder's unconditional readmission to that country,
• hold a valid visa for an EU member state or for a member of the European Economic Area Agreement, Canada, Japan or the United States of America, or when they return from those countries after having used the visa,
• are family members of an EU citizen,
• hold a diplomatic passport, or
• are flight crew members whose state of nationality is a party to the Chicago Convention on International Civil Aviation.

Additionally, individual Schengen countries can impose airport transit visa requirements for nationals of other countries in urgent cases of mass influx of illegal immigrants. Eleven countries (Austria, Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Latvia, Poland, Malta, Romania, Slovenia, and Sweden) currently do not use this provision and have no additional requirements. As Liechtenstein has indicated not to accept flights originating outside the Schengen Area, airport transit visa requirements are not relevant there. Airport transit visa requirements are not relevant in Norway because no airport in the country has international airside transit facility. The other Schengen countries require airport transit visas for nationals from up to 23 (in the case of France) additional countries (See the table below).

Additional nationalities that are subject to the airport transit visa requirement in some Schengen countries

Country	Additional nationals required to have an ATV	Reference
Austria	Syria
Belgium  Netherlands  Luxembourg	Angola, Guinea, Guinea Bissau, Nepal, South Sudan, Sudan, Syria (also Sierra Leone for The Netherlands only)
Czech Republic	Chad, Egypt, India, Jordan, Kyrgyzstan, Lebanon, Libya, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Palestinian National Authority, South Sudan, Sudan, Syria, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Yemen
Cyprus	Turkey
Denmark	Syria
Estonia	Angola, Haiti, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Libya, Mali, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Sudan, Syria and Togo	None of these countries has been registered with the EU.
France	Angola, Cameroon, Chad, Congo (Republic), Cuba, Dominican Republic, Guinea, Haiti, India, Ivory Coast, Mali, Russia, Senegal, South Sudan, Sudan, Syria and Togo, as well as holders of Palestinian refugee travel documents	,
Germany	Burma, India, Jordan, Lebanon, Mali, South Sudan, Sudan, Syria and Turkey
Greece	South Sudan, Sudan and Syria
Hungary	Cameroon, Guinea, Lebanon, Liberia, Philippines, Rwanda, Senegal, Sudan, Syria	None of these countries has been registered with the EU.
Italy	Senegal and Syria
Lithuania	North Korea and Sudan	None of these countries has been registered with the EU.
Portugal	Guinea and Senegal
Spain	Cuba, Djibouti, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, India, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Mali, Sierra Leone, Syria and Togo
Switzerland	Cameroon, Syria and Turkey

Non-ordinary passports

Unlike the common Schengen rules for ordinary passports there are no common black, white and transit lists for holders of diplomatic, service and other official passports and each state has different policy on these.

Visa-waiver exclusively for diplomatic, official and service passports by member state:

• Austria: Azerbaijan, Bolivia, Côte d'Ivoire, Ecuador, Egypt, Jamaica, Maldives, Morocco, Pakistan, Peru, Philippines, South Africa, Trinidad and Tobago, Thailand, Tunisia, Turkey, United Arab Emirates and only diplomatic passports of Belize, Georgia, Russia and Ukraine.
• Belgium: Bolivia, Ecuador, Egypt, Indonesia, Jamaica, Malawi, Maldives, Morocco, Peru, Thailand, Tunisia, Turkey, United Arab Emirates and only diplomatic passports of Chad, Georgia, Pakistan, Russia, Senegal and Ukraine.
• Czech Republic: Bolivia, Colombia, Egypt, Laos, Morocco, Pakistan, Peru, South Africa, Thailand, Tunisia, Turkey and only diplomatic passports of Georgia, Mongolia, Russia, Vietnam, Ukraine and Yemen.
• Denmark: Bolivia, Egypt, India, Morocco, Pakistan, Philippines, Peru, Thailand, Tunisia, Turkey and only diplomatic passports of Kazakhstan, Peru, Russia, Tunisia and Ukraine.
• Estonia: Bolivia, Morocco, Peru, Philippines, Turkey and only diplomatic passports of Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Russia, Thailand and Ukraine.
• Finland: Pakistan, Peru, Philippines, Thailand, Turkey, United Arab Emirates and only diplomatic passports of Georgia, Russia, Tunisia and Ukraine.
• France: Angola, Bahrain, Bolivia, Colombia, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Gabon, Israel, Morocco, Oman, Peru, Qatar, South Africa, Tunisia, Turkey, United Arab Emirates and only diplomatic passports of Algeria, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, India, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Namibia, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Thailand, Ukraine and Vietnam.
• Germany: Bolivia, Chad, Colombia, Ghana, Philippines and Thailand, Turkey and only diplomatic passports of Algeria, Georgia, India, Jamaica, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Malawi, Morocco, Namibia, Pakistan, Peru, Russia, South Africa, Tunisia, Ukraine and Vietnam.
• Greece: Algeria, Bolivia, Morocco, Peru, Philippines, South Africa, Tunisia, United Arab Emirates, Zimbabwe and only diplomatic passports of Georgia, India, Kazakhstan, Pakistan, Russia and Ukraine.
• Hungary: Azerbaijan, Belarus, Cambodia, Colombia, Cuba, Ecuador, Indonesia, Laos, Morocco, Peru, Philippines, Russia, Tajikistan, Thailand, Turkmenistan, Ukraine and Vietnam and only diplomatic passports of Egypt and Yemen.
• Italy: Algeria, Angola, Azerbaijan, Benin, Bolivia, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Colombia, Ecuador, Egypt, Gambia, Kuwait, Lesotho, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, Niger, Oman, Peru, Philippines, Qatar, Swaziland, Thailand, Togo, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, United Arab Emirates and only diplomatic passports of Georgia, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Mozambique, Russia, Ukraine and Vietnam.
• Latvia: Armenia, Georgia, Peru, Turkey, Ukraine and only diplomatic passports of Russia.
• Lithuania: China, Oman, Turkey, Ukraine and only diplomatic passports of Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Morocco and Russia.
• Luxembourg: Bolivia, Ecuador, Indonesia, Jamaica,Malawi, Morocco, Peru, Thailand, Tunisia, Turkey, United Arab Emirates and only diplomatic passports of Chad, Georgia, Pakistan, Russia, Senegal and Ukraine.
• Malta: Algeria, China, Colombia, Egypt, Kuwait, Libya, South Africa, Tunisia, United Arab Emirates and Turkey and only diplomatic passports of Angola, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Belarus, Belize, Cambodia, Cuba, Ecuador, Gambia, Georgia, Ghana, Guinea, Guyana, India, Indonesia, Iran, Jamaica, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kyrgyzstan, Lebanon, Lesotho, Maldives, Mali, Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Mongolia, Morocco, Namibia, Nepal, Nigeria, Oman, Pakistan, Palestine, Peru, Philippines, Qatar, Russia, Samoa, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Swaziland, Syria, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Turkmenistan, Uganda, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Vietnam, Yemen and Zambia.
• Netherlands: Bolivia, Ecuador, Indonesia, Jamaica, Malawi, Morocco, Peru, Thailand, Tunisia, Turkey, United Arab Emirates and only diplomatic passports of Chad, Georgia, Pakistan, Russia, Senegal, Ukraine.
• Poland: Benin, China, Ecuador, Laos, Mongolia, Morocco, Peru, Philippines, Peru, South Africa, Thailand, Tunisia, Turkey, Ukraine and only diplomatic passports of Armenia, Azerbaijan, Colombia, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Russia, United Arab Emirates and Vietnam.
• Portugal: Algeria, Angola, Azerbaijan, Bolivia, Cape Verde, Colombia, Ecuador, Egypt, Indonesia, Kuwait, Mozambique, Peru, Qatar, São Tomé and Príncipe, South Africa, Tunisia, Turkey and only diplomatic passports of Republic of the Congo|Congo, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Russia, Senegal, Ukraine.
• Slovakia: Algeria, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bolivia, Cambodia, China, Egypt, Georgia, Indonesia, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Mongolia, Morocco, North Korea, Pakistan, Peru, Russia, Thailand, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Vietnam, Yemen.
• Slovenia: Bolivia, China, Cuba, Egypt, Indonesia, Morocco, Peru, Philippines, South Africa, Thailand, Tunisia, Vietnam, Turkey and only diplomatic passports of Armenia, Azerbaijan, Ecuador, Georgia, Jamaica, Kazakhstan, Maldives, Russia, Ukraine.
• Spain: Algeria, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Egypt, Morocco, Peru, Philippines, Tunisia, Turkey, United Arab Emirates and only diplomatic passports of Azerbaijan, Georgia, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kuwait, Mauritania, Russia, Senegal, South Africa, Thailand, Ukraine and Vietnam.
• Sweden: Bolivia, Peru, Philippines, Thailand, Turkey, United Arab Emirates and only diplomatic passports of Georgia, Morocco, Russia, Tunisia and Ukraine.

• Bulgaria: Azerbaijan, China, India, Indonesia, Iran, Kazakhstan, Kuwait, Mongolia, North Korea, Peru, Qatar, Russia, South Africa, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Vietnam and only diplomatic passports of Armenia and Georgia.
• Croatia: Algeria, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bolivia, China, Colombia, Cuba, Egypt, Georgia, India, Indonesia, Iran, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kosovo, Morocco, Oman, Peru, Philippines, Russia, Qatar, South Africa, Thailand, Tunisia, Turkey, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates, Vietnam.
• Cyprus: Armenia, China, Colombia, Cuba, Egypt, Georgia, India, Iran, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Mongolia, Russia, Syria, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates and only diplomatic passports of Qatar.
• Romania: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bolivia, Central African Republic, China, Colombia, Republic of the Congo|Congo, Ecuador, Georgia, Ghana, Guinea, Iran, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Mauritania, Mongolia, Morocco, Pakistan, Peru, Philippines, Russia, São Tomé and Príncipe, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Tajikstan, Tanzania, Thailand, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Vietnam, Zambia and only diplomatic passports of Algeria, India, Jordan and Uzbekistan.

Recent Changes (2009-2014)

Changes to the entries on Annex I (list of visa nationals) and Annex II (list of visa-exempt nationals) are regularly considered by the Council of the European Union based on advice from the individual member states. The Council then proposes draft legislation which has to be approved by the European Parliament.

The Balkan countries of Macedonia, Montenegro and Serbia were added to Annex II on 19 December 2009, from which point on their citizens can enter the Schengen Area, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus and Romania without a visa when travelling with biometric passports.

On 8 November 2010, the Council of the European Union decided to introduce visa-free travel for citizens of Albania and Bosnia and Herzegovina holding biometric passports. The decision entered into force on 15 December 2010.

On 25 November 2010, the Council of the European Union decided to approve visa-free travel for holders of Taiwan passports that contain an identity card number (indicating the right of abode in Taiwan). Visa requirements were dropped on 11 January 2011. The same legislation removed the entry of the Northern Mariana Islands from the visa list as there is no Northern Mariana Islands citizenship and those with a citizenship connection to the island have United States citizenship.

On 24 January 2011, Moldova officially received an action plan on visa liberalization from the EU's Internal Affairs Commissioner. In October 2013, the Commission proposed that visa requirements for short term visits be abolished for Moldovan citizens holding biometric passports. On 27 February 2014, the European Parliament approved visa-free travel for Moldovan citizens. The Council gave their consent on 3 April, allowing visa-free travel from 28 April 2014.

Future changes

On 22 November 2010, the European Council and Ukraine announced "an action plan for Ukraine toward the establishment of a visa-free regime for short-stay travel". On 15 December 2011, in a statement given after an EU-Russia summit, the President of the European Commission confirmed the launch of "Common Steps towards visa-free travel" with Russia. On 14 June 2012, Kosovo received a roadmap for visa liberalisation with the EU. An action plan on visa liberalisation with Georgia was launched on 25 February 2013. In December 2013, after signing a readmission agreement, the EU started a visa dialogue with Turkey including a "Roadmap towards the visa-free regime".

On 7 November 2012, the European Commission announced a proposal to introduce visa-free travel for citizens from 16 island nations — 5 from the Caribbean (Dominica, Grenada, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines and Trinidad and Tobago), 10 from the Pacific (Kiribati, the Marshall Islands, Micronesia, Nauru, Palau, Samoa, the Solomon Islands, Tonga, Tuvalu and Vanuatu) and Timor-Leste. The European Parliament also amended the list to include three other countries: Colombia, Peru, United Arab Emirates in February 2014. Each of the 19 countries will be then required to conclude a bilateral Visa Waiver Agreement with the European Union. The Commission will further assess the situation in Colombia and Peru with regard to the criteria set out in the new article before the opening of negotiations on bilateral agreements on visa waiver.

Some countries, including Sweden and Germany, suggested in late 2012 that visas should be reintroduced for Serbian and Macedonian citizens due to the significant increase in the number of applications for asylum from these countries, predominantly by Romani.

Currently the European Union intends to introduce a mutual visa-free regime with the following countries, in 2014-2015:

Reciprocity

• v
• t
• e

As per Regulation No 1289/2013 reciprocity is required from all Annex II countries and territories. That means that these countries must offer visa-free access for 90 days to all EU citizens and to the citizens of Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway and Switzerland. When this is not the case, the affected EU or Schengen member state is expected to notify the European Commission, so that the EC takes an appropriate action - negotiate with the Annex II state and, if reciprocity is not achieved, temporarily suspend the application of Annex II 24 months after the notification date. The EC may propose permanent removal of the state 6 months after suspension of the state from Annex II. All of the states that implement the common visa rules - including Norway, Iceland, Liechtenstein, Bulgaria, Romania, Cyprus and Switzerland - may notify the European Commission about non-compliant third states.

When the European Commission carried out its first visa reciprocity assessment on 1 May 2004 following the accession of 10 new Member States, only the following Annex II countries and territories were found to offer fully reciprocal visa-free treatment to all EU citizens: Andorra, Argentina, Chile, Holy See, Hong Kong SAR, Israel, Japan, Monaco and South Korea.

Since adoption of this policy full reciprocity has been achieved with the following countries (listed in order of achieving reciprocity): Nicaragua, Venezuela, Uruguay, Costa Rica, Mexico, New Zealand, Israel, Malaysia, Paraguay, Panama, Singapore, Taiwan and Brazil.

According to notifications concerning visa reciprocity issued by Member States in February 2014, the following countries are still not implementing it fully:

• Australia: Bulgaria, Cyprus and Romania notified the Commission that Australia requires a visa for their citizens.
• Brunei: Brunei maintains a visa requirement for Croatian nationals.
• Canada: Bulgarian and Romanian citizens are still required to apply for visas to enter Canada.
• Japan: Most EU citizens enjoy visa-free access to Japan. For Romanian citizens a first temporary waiver was enacted in 2009 and an extension of the waiver is in effect until 31 December 2015. Additionally, Romanian citizens in possession of temporary passports are not able to enter Japan without a visa.
• United States: Bulgarian, Croatian, Cypriot, Polish and Romanian citizens are still required to apply for a visa to enter the US.

In it last report, the Commission also committed to assessing certain provisions of the US ESTA system — such as the application fee — and the Australian eVisitor system.

Implications are that if the notification is accepted the EU may suspend the visa exemption for certain categories of nationals of country in the breach of reciprocity principle and at the latest six months after publication of the regulation, the Commission may decide to suspend the visa-free access to all citizens of that country.

Stays exceeding 90 days

For stays in the Schengen Area as a whole which exceed 90 days, as a general rule, a third country national (i.e. a non-EU, EEA or Swiss national) will need to hold either a long-stay visa for a period of no longer than a year or a residence permit for longer periods. Similarly, a third-country national who wishes to stay for more than 90 days in Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus or Romania will be required to hold a long-stay visa or a residence permit.

Although long-stay visas issued by Schengen countries, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus and Romania have the same uniform design, as a national visa, in general, the procedures and conditions for issue are determined by each individual country. Therefore, for example, whilst some Schengen countries (such as France) require applications for long-stay visas to be made in the applicant's home country, other Schengen countries permit applicants to lodge their applications after arrival. Some countries, such as Germany, Hungary, the Netherlands and Switzerland offer a hybrid regime, whereby third-country nationals are required to apply for long-stay visas in their home country, with the exception of a few nationalities who are permitted to apply for a residence permit directly upon arrival without having first to obtain a long-stay visa. For example, Germany, Hungary, the Netherlands and Switzerland allow New Zealand citizens to apply for a residence permit upon arrival without having to apply for a long-stay visa in advance, but not South African citizens.

However, in some situations, the procedures and conditions for the issue of long-stay visas have been harmonised among all Schengen member states, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus and Romania. For example, Council Directive 2004/114 has harmonised the conditions of admission of third country nationals wishing to study in a Schengen member state, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus or Romania. Consequently, following the deadline for the implementation of the Directive (i.e. 12 January 2007), all Schengen member states (as well as Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus or Romania) are obliged to apply the same criteria in dealing with applications from third country nationals who wish to be admitted to their territory in order to study (namely that the applicant must have a valid travel document covering the duration of the stay, parental authorisation (if a minor), sickness insurance, not be regarded as a threat to public policy, security or health, and payment of the relevant fee).

Long-stay visas issued by a Schengen country entitle the holder to enter the Schengen Area and remain in the territory of the issuing state for a period longer than 90 days, but no more than one year. If a Schengen state wishes to allow the holder of a long-stay visa remain there for longer than a year, the state must issue him or her with a residence permit.

The holder of a long-stay visa or a residence permit issued by a Schengen country is entitled to move freely within the other states which comprise the Schengen Area for a period of up to 90 days in any 180 days. Third-country nationals who are long-term residents in a Schengen state may also acquire the right to move to and settle in another Schengen state without losing their legal status and social benefits.

However, some third-country nationals are permitted to stay in the Schengen Area for more than 90 days without the need to apply for a long-stay visa. For example, France does not require citizens of Andorra, the Holy See, Monaco and San Marino to apply for a long-stay visa. In addition, Article 20(2) of the Convention implementing the Schengen Agreement allows for this 'in exceptional circumstances' and for bilateral agreements concluded by individual signatory states with other countries before the Convention entered into force to remain applicable. As a result, for example, New Zealand citizens are permitted to stay for up to 90 days in each of the Schengen countries (Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, The Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden and Switzerland) which had already concluded bilateral visa exemption agreements with the New Zealand Government prior to the Convention entering into force without the need to apply for long-stay visas, but if travelling to other Schengen countries the 90 days in any 180 day period time limit applies.

Means of subsistence

In addition to general requirements, EU member states set entry conditions to foreign (outside EEA) nationals called the "reference amounts required for the crossing of the external border fixed by national authorities" regarding means of subsistence during their stay.

Authorities of Austria, Cyprus and Luxembourg decide on case by case basis.

Netherlands exempts visitors from Australia, Canada, Japan, New Zealand, South Korea, United States and Vatican City from holding proof of sufficient funds and return tickets. Romania requires visitors from the Republic of Macedonia, Moldova, Montenegro, Russia, Serbia and Ukraine to hold a medical insurance covering the period of stay. Romania also exempts visitors from Australia, Canada, South Korea and the United States from holding proof of sufficient funds and return tickets.

Visa policy of candidate states

Countries applying to join the European Union are obliged to adopt the EU's visa policy no later than three months before they formally join the Union. Schengen countries grant visa-free access for all European Union candidate and applicant states except Turkey. Macedonia grants 90 day visa-free entry to all Schengen Annex II nationalities, with some additions, while Montenegro and Serbia still require visas from some Annex II nationalities while having visa-free agreements with some additional countries. In addition to requiring visas from some Annex II countries, Turkey still requires visas from some Schengen states, although these can often be obtained on arrival. Albania allows citizens of all countries who do not require a Schengen visa to enter Albania due to their visa liberalization with Schengen area.

Visa-free stays involving paid activity in the Schengen Area

Below is a table of Schengen countries which permit nationals of Annex II countries and territories to enter the country on a 90 day visa-free period of stay with the intention of working in the country during that period. Nonetheless, some Schengen countries which permit certain Annex II nationals to work during their visa-free stay may still require them to obtain a work permit (either in advance or on arrival).

The table below includes Romania (which applies implements the Schengen Area's visa list), but excludes states which do not allow any Annex II nationals to work during their visa-free stay, namely: Austria, Bulgaria, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Finland, Latvia, Malta and Portugal.

Nationality
Albania	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	Yes	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No
Andorra	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Antigua and Barbuda	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	Yes
Argentina	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Australia	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Bahamas	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	Yes
Barbados	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	Yes
Bosnia and Herzegovina	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	Yes	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No
Brazil	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	No	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Brunei	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Canada	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Chile	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Costa Rica	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
El Salvador	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Guatemala	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Honduras	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Hong Kong	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	No	Yes	No	No	No	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Israel	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Japan	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Macau	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	No	Yes	No	No	No	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Macedonia	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	Yes	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No
Malaysia	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Mauritius	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	Yes
Mexico	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	No	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Monaco	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Montenegro	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	Yes	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No
New Zealand	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Nicaragua	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Panama	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Paraguay	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Saint Kitts and Nevis	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	Yes
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	Yes
San Marino	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Serbia	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	Yes	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No
Seychelles	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	Yes
Singapore	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	No	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
South Korea	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Taiwan	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	Yes	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No
United States	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Uruguay	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Vatican City	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Venezuela	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	No	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes

See also

• Visa requirements for the European Union citizens
• Visa policy of the United Kingdom
• Visa policy of Ireland
• Visa policy of the British Overseas Territories
• Visa policy of the French overseas departments and territories
• Visa policy of the Kingdom of the Netherlands in the Caribbean
• Common Travel Area
• Trans-Tasman Travel Arrangement
• Central America-4 Border Control Agreement
• Foreign relations of the European Union
• Visa Information System
• Visa Waiver Program
• Working holiday visa (a type of visa issued by many EU member states to young people from foreign countries to undertake employment (and sometimes study) for the purpose of supplementing their travel funds)
• Visa policy of Northern Cyprus

Notes

1. ^ Holders of biometric passports only.
2. ^ Visas are required from Serbian citizens holding passports issued by the Serbian Coordination Directorate.
3. Cook Islanders, Niueans and Tokelauans also use New Zealand passports.
4. ^ Persons holding a Hong Kong Special Administrative Region passport. See also British National (Overseas) for persons residing in Hong Kong holding a form of British nationality.
5. ^ Persons holding a Macau Special Administrative Region passport.
6. ^ The visa waivers granted by the European Union, the United Kingdom and Ireland to Taiwan passport holders have not altered the European Union member states' non-recognition of Taiwan as a sovereign country. For this reason, Taiwan is listed in Annex II by the European Commission under the heading "entities and territorial authorities that are not recognised as states by at least one member state", by Bulgaria as "China, Taipei" (mfa.bg) and by Romania under the heading "Special Administrative Regions of the People's Republic of China"(mae.ro).
7. ^ Only for holders with their personal ID numbers stipulated in their respective passports. Taiwan issues passports without ID numbers to some persons not having the right to reside in Taiwan, including nationals without household registration and certain persons from Hong Kong, Macau, and mainland China.
8. Fantasy passports are either "Passports" issued by minorities, sects and population groups; or identity documents, etc., issued by private organisations and individuals. Camouflage passports are passports issued in the name of former States no longer in existence.
9. An airport transit visa is only required for Russians when transiting through a French airport having arrived from an airport in Armenia, Belarus, Azerbaijan, Egypt, Georgia, Moldova, Turkey, or Ukraine.
10. Black list of passport types where a visa is required for entry, corresponding to Annex I of Council Regulation (EC) No 539/2001.
11. White list of passport types whose bearers can enter the Schengen area without a visa, corresponding to Annex II of Council Regulation (EC) No 539/2001.
12. Transit list of passport types where a visa is required not only for entry, but also for airport transit, corresponding to Annex IV of Council regulation No. 810/2009.
13. Strictly speaking, full reciprocity has not been achieved with Israel as German citizens born before 1 January 1928 need a visa for Israel. The German government, however, has apparently avoided to report this fact to the European Commission.
14. The entry Mariana Islands has been removed from the "visa required" list on 11 January 2011. As there is no Northern Mariana Islands citizenship in contrast to the United States citizenship, this entry produced no effects.

References

1. "Visa policy". European Commission. Retrieved 6 January 2014.
2. "Directive 2004/38/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 29 April 2004 on the right of citizens of the Union and their family members to move and reside freely within the territory of the Member States" (in English). 29 April 2004. Retrieved 17 December 2008.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
3. Summary of the Directive 2004/38/EC "Right of Union citizens and their family members to move and reside freely within the territory of the Member States" (in English). 2 May 2006. Retrieved 17 December 2008.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
4. "Decision of the EEA Joint Committee No 158/2007 of 7 December 2007 amending Annex V (Free movement of workers) and Annex VIII (Right of establishment) to the EEA Agreement" (PDF) (in English). 7 December 2007. Retrieved 22 December 2008.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
5. ^ Article 6.3.2 of the Practical Handbook for Border Guards (C (2006) 5186)
6. ^ Judgement of the European Court of Justice of 17 February 2005, Case C 215/03, Salah Oulane vs. Minister voor Vreemdelingenzaken en Integratie ()
7. Article 27 of Directive 2004/38/EC (Directive 2004/38/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 29 April 2004 on the right of citizens of the Union and their family members to move and reside freely within the territory of the Member States).
8. Article 28 of Directive 2004/38/EC (Directive 2004/38/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 29 April 2004 on the right of citizens of the Union and their family members to move and reside freely within the territory of the Member States).
9. Article 29 of Directive 2004/38/EC (Directive 2004/38/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 29 April 2004 on the right of citizens of the Union and their family members to move and reside freely within the territory of the Member States).
10. Articles 3(1) and 5(2) of the of Directive 2004/38/EC (Directive 2004/38/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 29 April 2004 on the right of citizens of the Union and their family members to move and reside freely within the territory of the Member States).
11. UK Border Agency. "EEA family permits". Retrieved 11 February 2013.
12. As listed in Annex II of the Council Regulation 539/2001.
13. As listed in annex I of the Council Regulation 539/2001.
14. "Visa requirements for Bulgaria" (PDF). The Republic of Bulgaria Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Retrieved 16 July 2010.
15. "Visa requirements for Cyprus". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the republic of Cyprus. Retrieved 16 July 2010.
16. ^ The list of the countries whose nationals must be in possession of visas when enter Romania Romania, Ministry of foreign Affairs. Retrieved 12 August 2010
17. ^ Your Europe: Non-EU family members
18. ^ embassy - Visas
19. High Commission of the Republic of Cyprus in London - Visa Information
20. ^ Romania Ministry of Foreign Affairs: Do I need a visa to come to Romania? Conditions of travelling to Romania
21. Consolidated version of Council regulation No. 539/2001, as of 11 January 2011
22. Ministry: Visa-Free Travel To Schengen Nations
23. Officially referred to as "BRITISH CITIZENS WHO ARE NOT NATIONALS OF THE UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND FOR THE PURPOSES OF UNION LAW: British nationals (Overseas), British overseas territories citizens (BOTC) British overseas citizens (BOC) British protected persons (BPP) and British subjects (BS)’." REGULATION (EU) No 509/2014 OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL
24. ^ European Union visa waiver agreement concluded with the state (as opposed to bilateral agreements between some member state and third countries). Ratification is completed for Antigua and Barbuda, Bahamas, Barbados, Brazil, Mauritius and the Seychelles as per the EU treaty database. Provisional application pending ratification is carried out with St Kitts and Nevis with ratification of this country still outstanding.
25. ROC (Taiwan) Immigration Reference Guide for Civil Carriers (PDF), National Immigration Agency, 18 March 2011, retrieved 21 December 2011
26. "護照條例施行細則", Laws & Regulations Database of The Republic of China, Taipei: Ministry of Justice, 29 June 2011, retrieved 21 December 2011. English translation available from the Bureau of Consular Affairs.
27. ^ "Regulation (EU) No 1211/2010 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 15 December 2010 amending Council Regulation (EC) No 539/2001 listing the third countries whose nationals must be in possession of visas when crossing the external borders and those whose nationals are exempt from that requirement". Council of the European Union. 22 December 2010. Retrieved 22 December 2010.
28. ^ Article 1 of Regulation (EU) No 610/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 June 2013 amending Regulation (EC) No 562/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council establishing a Community Code on the rules governing the movement of persons across borders (Schengen Borders Code), the Convention implementing the Schengen Agreement, Council Regulations (EC) No 1683/95 and (EC) No 539/2001 and Regulations (EC) No 767/2008 and (EC) No 810/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council (OJ L 182, 29 June 2013, p. 1)
29. Delegation of the European Union to New Zealand: Frequently Asked Questions
30. ^ NZ government travel advisory - travel tips to Europe
31. Visa for New Zealand residents, Embassy of Switzerland in Wellington, 20 December 2011, archived from the original on 1 January 2012, retrieved 1 January 2012 {{citation}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
32. Border controls in Europe, Embassy of France in Wellington, archived from the original (PDF) on 1 January 2012, retrieved 1 January 2012 {{citation}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
33. Frequently Asked Questions, Embassy of Spain in Wellington, 29 April 2009, archived from the original on 1 January 2012, retrieved 1 January 2012 {{citation}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
34. Ministry of the Interior of the Czech Republic: Entering the Czech Republic, duties, length of stay - Bilateral agreements on visa-free relations
35. Note that, additionally, the old method of calculating the length of the visa-free stay (i.e. 3 months within 6 months instead of 90 days in any 180 day period) still applies to citizens of Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama and Paraguay in the Czech Republic.
36. Bilateral Visa Agreements
37. http://www.nyidanmark.dk/en-us/coming_to_dk/visa/Visa_free_travel.htm
38. See The Council of the European Union: Replies to the questionnaire on the Presidency project for a system of electronic recording of entry and exit dates of third-country nationals in the Schengen area (PDF), pg 43.
39. Article 5 of the Schengen Borders Code (OJ L 105, 13 April 2006, p. 1).
40. 94/795/JHA: Council Decision of 30 November 1994 on a joint action adopted by the Council on the basis of Article K.3.2.b of the Treaty on European Union concerning travel facilities for school pupils from third countries resident in a Member State
41. ^ Information pursuant to Council Regulation (EC) No 539/2001 of 15 March 2001 listing the third countries whose nationals must be in possession of visas when crossing the external borders and those whose nationals are exempt from that requirement
42. ^ MINISTRY OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS - Travel Information for Foreign Visitors - Entry Regulations for Cyprus
43. Regulation (EC) No 810/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 July 2009 establishing a Community Code on Visas (Visa Code), Article 16
44. "Regulation (EC) No 1931/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 20 December 2006". 30 December 2006. Retrieved 2 March 2008.
45. Judgement of the European Court of Justice of 21 March 2013, Case C‑254/11, Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg Megyei Rendőrkapitányság Záhony Határrendészeti Kirendeltsége v Oskar Shomodi: Judgement & Press release
46. 5 years in Schengen for Russians
47. ^ Article 12(2) of the Schengen Convention.
48. Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Denmark, Embassy of Denmark, New Delhi. "Visa requirements for Indians travelling to Denmark". Retrieved 25 December 2007.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
49. ^ Article 9 of the Schengen Visa Code
50. Article 15 of the Preamble of Regulation (EC) No 810/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 July 2009 establishing a Community Code on Visas
51. ^ Handbook for the organisation of visa sections and local Schengen cooperation, p.21
52. Article 13 of the Schengen Visa Code
53. Article 23 of the Schengen Visa Code
54. Article 7.2 of the Practical Handbook for Border Guards (C (2006) 5186)
55. Article 7.5 of the Practical Handbook for Border Guards (C (2006) 5186)
56. http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/home-affairs/what-we-do/policies/borders-and-visas/visa-policy/docs/overview_of_schengen_visa_statistics_2011_final_en.pdf
57. Article 16 of the Schengen Visa Code
58. Commission Decision establishing the Handbook for the organisation of visa sections and local Schengen cooperation
59. Article 39 and Annex X of the Schengen Visa Code
60. Article 1.2 of the Practical Handbook for Border Guards (C (2006) 5186)
61. Romanian minister: Non-EU citizens don’t need visa to enter Romania if they already have a Schengen visa
62. Issued by Romania, Cyprus, Croatia transit, short-stay visas to be recognised by Bulgaria
63. ^ "Table of travel documents entitling the holder to cross the external borders and which may be endorsed with a visa". Council of the European Union. 17 June 2010. Archived from the original on 10 May 2011. Retrieved 20 July 2010.
64. Article 25 of the Schengen Visa Code
65. ^ Council regulation No. 810/2009 of 13 July 2009, Annex IV Council of the European Union
66. General Visa Regulations To Denmark
67. Formin.finland.fi
68. Ocma.gov.lv
69. Washington.polemb.net
70. Mzz.gov.si
71. Swedenabroad.com
72. ^ List of third countries whose nationals are required to be in possession of an airport transit visa visa when passing through the international transit area of airports situated on the territory of one/some Member States (as of 26 December 2013) (Retrieved 26 December 2013 via the European Commission website on visa policy
73. "Pragmatic interim solution before joining Schengen". Liechtenstein Government Spokesperson's Office. 18 November 2008. Retrieved 11 August 2010.
75. Eesti.at, Estland Holiday Navigator
76. What visa do I need to transit through an airport in France? France Diplomatie (French Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs)
77. Transit Visa Country List
78. General information for entering Hungary, a member of the Schengen Area Consulate-general of the republic of Hungary in New Zealand
79. Consular Service Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Retrieved 11 August 2010
80. Issuance of visas Migracijos Departamentas (Lithuanian Republic)
81. List 2: ID and visa provisions – particularities regardless of nationality (version of 10 February 2012) Swiss Federal Office for Migration
82. ^ Consolidated version of regulation 539/2001 as of 2011-01-11
83. Information pursuant to Council Regulation (EC) No 539/2001 of 15 March 2001 listing the third countries whose nationals must be in possession of visas when crossing the external borders and those whose nationals are exempt from that requirement
110. "EU lifts visa restrictions for Serbia" (in English). 30 November 2009. Retrieved 30 November 2009.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
111. Regulation (EU) No 1091/2010 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 24 November 2010 amending Council Regulation (EC) No 539/2001 listing the third countries whose nationals must be in possession of visas when crossing the external borders and those whose nationals are exempt from that requirement
112. ^ Consilium.europa.eu
113. EU Gives Moldovans 'Action Plan' For Visa-Free Travel, Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty (24 January 2010)
114. Lithuanian minister: EU, Moldova may shift to visa-free travel in early 2014
116. "Parliament gives green light to visa-free travel for Moldovan citizens". European Parliament. 27 February 2014. Retrieved 27 February 2014.
117. http://euobserver.com/justice/123747. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
118. EU, Ukraine Agree On 'Road Map' For Visa-Free Travel, Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty (22 November 2010)
119. Statement by President Barroso at the press conference following the EU-Russia Summit Press conference Brussels, 15 December 2011, Europa.eu (15 December 2011)
120. , Europa.eu (14 June 2012)
121. "Commissioner Malmström presents Action Plan on Visa Liberalisation with Georgia". Europa.eu. 25 February 2013. Retrieved 17 March 2013.
122. "Cecilia Malmström signs the Readmission Agreement and launches the Visa Liberalisation Dialogue with Turkey". European Commission. 2013-11-`6. Retrieved 2014-01-05. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
123. Let citizens of Colombia, Peru and UAE visit EU without visas, say MEPs
124. European Parliament backs visa-free travel for UAE citizens
125. European Union opens doors to 16 island nations
126. Lithuanian Presidency reaches agreement on visa-free travel for citizens of 19 countries
127. Coreper confirms agreement on list of non-EU countries whose nationals are exempt from the visa requirement
128. New move to scrap Schengen visa exemption for Serbians and Macedonians because of fake asylum claims
129. http://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?type=TA&language=EN&reference=P7-TA-2014-0169 Texts adopted - Thursday, 27 February 2014 - Third countries whose nationals must be in possession of visas when crossing the external borders of Member States and those whose nationals are exempt from that requirement ***I - P7_TA-PROV(2014)0169
130. EU visa waiver for Emiratis expected to be ratified soon
131. Peru official says Schengen visa changes for Peruvians will take "more than a year"
132. More negotiation needed for Pac/EU visas
133. Regulation (EU) No 1289/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 December 2013 amending Council Regulation (EC) No 539/2001 listing the third countries whose nationals must be in possession of visas when crossing the external borders and those whose nationals are exempt from that requirement (OJ L 347, 20/12/2013, p. 74–80).
134. The details of the procedure are set out in Articles 1(4) of Regulation (EC) No 539/2001 as amended by Regulation (EU) No 1289/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 December 2013(OJ L 347, 20/12/2013, p. 74–80).
135. Notifications concerning visa reciprocity
136. Report from the Commission to the Council on visa waiver reciprocity with certain third countries (10 January 2006)
137. EU Visa policy reports
138. ^ First reciprocity report, January 2006
139. ^ Second reciprocity report, October 2006
140. ^ Third reciprocity report, September 2007
141. ^ Fourth reciprocity report, September 2008
142. ^ Fifth reciprocity report, October 2009
143. Eliminarea obligativităţii deţinerii vizei de intrare pe teritoriul statelor membre ale Uniunii Europene pentru resortisanţii taiwanezi: "Intrarea în vigoare a acestui Regulament asigură extinderea la 90 de zile de la data intrării a dreptului de şedere fără viză în Taiwan pentru cetăţenii statelor membre Schengen precum şi pentru cetăţenii din România, Bulgaria şi Cipru ca urmare a unei decizii unilaterale adoptată la Taipei."
144. Visa-Exempt Entry, BOCA.gov.tw
145. Consilium.europa.eu, Council of the European Union.
146. ^ "Seventh report on certain third countries' maintenance of visa requirements in breach of the principle of reciprocity" (PDF). European Commission. 26 November 2012. Retrieved 27 November 2012.
147. "Information from the Commission about notifications by the Member States of cases of non-reciprocity in accordance with Article 1(4)(a) of Council Regulation (EC) No 539/2001 as amended by Regulation (EU) No 1289/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council". European Commission. 12 April 2014. Retrieved 14 April 2014.
149. Extension of the Visa-waiver program for Romanian citizens travelling to Japan
150. EU gives US six months to come clean on visa policy
151. Federal Foreign Office of Germany: Table of countries whose citizens require/do not require visas to enter Germany
152. Consulate-General of the Republic of Hungary in New Zealand: General information for entering Hungary, a member of the Schengen Area
153. Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Netherlands: Countries whose nationals do NOT require an MVV for a stay of more than 90 days
154. Federal Office of Migration: List 1: Overview of ID and visa provisions according to nationality (version of 4 December 2011)
155. Council Directive 2004/114/EC of 13 December 2004 on the conditions of admission of third-country nationals for the purposes of studies, pupil exchange, unremunerated training or voluntary service (L 375/12, 23 December 2004)
156. Report from the Commisison to the European Parliament and the Council on the application of Directive 2004/114/EC ()
157. Regulation (EU) No 265/2010 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 25 March 2010 amending the Convention Implementing the Schengen Agreement and Regulation (EC) No 562/2006 as regards movement of persons with a long-stay visa (OJ L 85, 31 March 2010, p. 1)
158. Council Directive 2003/109/EC concerning the status of third-country nationals who are long-term residents (OJ L 16, 23 January 2004, p.44).
159. Visas de long séjour pour la France - Service-public.fr
160. Delegation of the European Union to New Zealand: Frequently Asked Questions
161. Annex 25 - Reference amounts required for the crossing of the external border fixed by national authorities
163. Article 19(5) of the Ordi nance on the terms and the proce dure for the issuing of visas, adopted by Council of Ministers Decree No 97/11.05.2002
164. Act No 326/1999 Sb. on Residence of Aliens in the Territory of the Czech Republic and Amendments of Some Acts
165. Article 15(2) of the Residence Ac t of 30 July 2004
166. Common Ministerial Decision No 3021/22/10- f of 24 December 2007
167. Aliens' Act (301/2004, paragraph 11)
168. Minimum wage equivalent.
169. Decree No 25/2001. (XI. 21.) of the Minister of Interior
170. Regulation of the Minister for Internal Affairs and Administration of 22 December 2008 on the means of subsistence that an alien entering the territory of the Republic of Poland should possess and on the documentation confirming the ability to access such means (Journal of Laws 2008, No 235, item 1611)
171. Article 4 of the Act No 48/2002 Coll. on Stay of Aliens and on amendment of certain acts as amended
172. Instructions on refusing entry to aliens , conditions for issuing visas at border crossings, conditions for issuing visas for humanitarian reasons and procedure for revoking visas (Official Gazette of the Republic of Slovenia, No. 2/01)
173. Order of the Ministry of the Presidency (PRE/1282/2007)
174. Visa Information - Additional information, Timatic
175. Visa Information - Additional information, Timatic
176. Russians, Ukrainians, Turks need visa for Croatia
177. Visa free travel for citizens of the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Montenegro and Serbia before Christmas
178. Visa Information For Foreigners
179. e-Visa
181. France Diplomatie: Foreign nationals holding ordinary passports exempt from visa requirements
182. Personnes qui exercent une activité rémunérée, Office des Étrangers, 26 January 2012, archived from the original on 26 January 2012, retrieved 26 January 2012 {{citation}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

References

• http://www.vfsglobal.com/austria/uk/schengenvisa_visafees.html
• http://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/en/coming-to-france/getting-a-visa/article/entry-and-stay-visas-application
• http://eeas.europa.eu/delegations/india/more_info/faq/schengen_visa_en.htm#faq14
• http://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/en/IMG/pdf/sample_photos_france.pdf

External links

• Council regulation 539/2001 in its consolidated version (as of 19 January 2007) with bibliography
• List of annexes
• List of nationals who do need a visa to visit the UK
• List of countries whose passport holders do not require visas to enter Ireland
• find visas
• french visa

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• Use dmy dates from November 2012
• Transport and the European Union
• Foreign relations of the European Union
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