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| '''Legislative elections''' were held in ] on 25 June 2014 for the '']''.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.libyaherald.com/2014/05/30/date-for-new-parliamentary-elections-25-june/|title=Date for new parliamentary elections 25 June|agency=Libya Herald|date=30 May 2014|accessdate=30 May 2014}}</ref> ''Majlis al-Nuwaab'' translates into English as ], although it is frequently referred to as the "]" in the English-language media. | '''Legislative elections''' were held in ] on 25 June 2014 for the '']''.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.libyaherald.com/2014/05/30/date-for-new-parliamentary-elections-25-june/|title=Date for new parliamentary elections 25 June|agency=Libya Herald|date=30 May 2014|accessdate=30 May 2014}}</ref> ''Majlis al-Nuwaab'' translates into English as ], although it is frequently referred to as the "]" in the English-language media. | ||
| Whilst all candidates ran as independents, the elections saw nationalist and liberal factions win the majority of seats, with Islamist groups being reduced to only around 30 seats.<ref name=" |
Whilst all candidates ran as independents, the elections saw nationalist and liberal factions win the majority of seats, with Islamist groups being reduced to only around 30 seats.<ref name="Xinhua">{{cite news|date=22 July 2014|title=Libya publishes parliamentary election results|url=http://www.turkishweekly.net/news/169449/-libya-publishes-parliamentary-election-results.html|work=Xinhua|accessdate=22 August 2014}}</ref> | ||
| ==Background== | ==Background== | ||
| A ] was elected in July 2012, with the original responsibility of forming a constituent assembly to write the constitution; however, the ] decided that Libyans will instead directly elect the constituent assembly.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.libyaherald.com/ntc-takes-responsibility-for-constitution-from-national-conference/|title=NTC takes responsibility for constitution from National Conference|agency=Libya Herald|date=5 July 2012|accessdate=1 April 2014}}</ref> The ] came to agreement on 10 April 2013 that constituent assembly members will be elected;<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.libyaherald.com/2013/04/11/the-constituent-assembly-will-be-elected-and-the-political-isolation-law-is-constitutional-rules-congress/|title=The Constitutional Commission will be elected and the political isolation law is constitutional, rules Congress|agency=Libya Herald|date=11 April 2013|accessdate=1 April 2014}}</ref> the election for most of the constituent assembly took place on 20 February 2014.<ref name=lh21feb>{{cite news|url=http://www.libyaherald.com/2014/02/21/election-re-runs-next-wednesday-says-elabbar/|title=Election re-runs next Wednesday says Elabbar|newspaper=Libya Herald|date=21 February 2014|accessdate=1 April 2014}}</ref> | A ] was elected in July 2012, with the original responsibility of forming a constituent assembly to write the constitution; however, the ] decided that Libyans will instead directly elect the constituent assembly.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.libyaherald.com/ntc-takes-responsibility-for-constitution-from-national-conference/|title=NTC takes responsibility for constitution from National Conference|agency=Libya Herald|date=5 July 2012|accessdate=1 April 2014}}</ref> The ] came to agreement on 10 April 2013 that constituent assembly members will be elected;<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.libyaherald.com/2013/04/11/the-constituent-assembly-will-be-elected-and-the-political-isolation-law-is-constitutional-rules-congress/|title=The Constitutional Commission will be elected and the political isolation law is constitutional, rules Congress|agency=Libya Herald|date=11 April 2013|accessdate=1 April 2014}}</ref> the election for most of the constituent assembly took place on 20 February 2014.<ref name=lh21feb>{{cite news|url=http://www.libyaherald.com/2014/02/21/election-re-runs-next-wednesday-says-elabbar/|title=Election re-runs next Wednesday says Elabbar|newspaper=Libya Herald|date=21 February 2014|accessdate=1 April 2014}}</ref> | ||
| On 30 March 2014, the General National Congress, which had already exceeded its mandated term of office and was refusing to step down, voted, under pressure from General Haftar who had called for new elections, to replace itself with the new ]. The GNC claimed Haftar was plotting a coup.<ref name="Jawad"/> The new legislature has allocated 30 seats for women, will have 200 seats overall (with individuals able to run as members of political parties) and allows Libyans of foreign nationalities to run for office.<ref name=lh30march>{{cite news|url=http://www.libyaherald.com/2014/03/30/congress-votes-to-replace-itself-with-new-house-of-representatives/|title=Congress votes to replace itself with new House of Representatives|agency=Libya Herald|date=30 March 2014|accessdate=1 April 2014}}</ref> | On 30 March 2014, the General National Congress, which had already exceeded its mandated term of office and was refusing to step down, voted, under pressure from General Haftar who had called for new elections, to replace itself with the new ]. The GNC claimed Haftar was plotting a coup.<ref name="Jawad">{{cite news|last=Jawad|first=Rana|date=26 June 2014|title=Libyan elections: Low turnout marks bid to end political crisis|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-28005801|work=BBC|accessdate=22 August 2014 }}</ref> The new legislature has allocated 30 seats for women, will have 200 seats overall (with individuals able to run as members of political parties) and allows Libyans of foreign nationalities to run for office.<ref name=lh30march>{{cite news|url=http://www.libyaherald.com/2014/03/30/congress-votes-to-replace-itself-with-new-house-of-representatives/|title=Congress votes to replace itself with new House of Representatives|agency=Libya Herald|date=30 March 2014|accessdate=1 April 2014}}</ref> | ||
| ==Electoral system== | ==Electoral system== | ||
| The 200 seats were elected in by three different methods. Forty seats were elected by ] in single-member constituencies, eighty were elected by ] in 29 multi-member constituencies, and the remaining eighty were elected by ].<ref> |
The 200 seats were elected in by three different methods. Forty seats were elected by ] in single-member constituencies, eighty were elected by ] in 29 multi-member constituencies, and the remaining eighty were elected by ].<ref>{{Cite web|title=LIBYA Majlis Al-Nuwaab (House of Representatives|url=http://www.ipu.org/parline-e/reports/2185_B.htm|work=Inter-Parliamentary Union|accessdate=22 August 2014}}</ref> In an attempt to reduce tensions, all candidates contested the election as individuals, instead of running on party lists.<ref name="Jawad"/> | ||
| ==Conduct== | ==Conduct== | ||
| ===Turnout=== | ===Turnout=== | ||
| {{Quote box | {{Quote box | ||
| |quote=I didn't bother to register this time around, and that should tell you everything. My friends were killed in the revolution, we paid in blood for this democracy, but what was the result of the election? Candidates make big promises, but when they get the power, nothing.<ref name="Graun disillusion">{{Cite web|title=Disillusionment mars Libya's national poll|url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/jun/25/libya-revolution-democracy-confusion-voters|work=The Guardian|date=25 June 2014|accessdate= |
|quote=I didn't bother to register this time around, and that should tell you everything. My friends were killed in the revolution, we paid in blood for this democracy, but what was the result of the election? Candidates make big promises, but when they get the power, nothing.<ref name="Graun disillusion">{{Cite web|title=Disillusionment mars Libya's national poll|url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/jun/25/libya-revolution-democracy-confusion-voters|work=The Guardian|date=25 June 2014|accessdate=22 August 2014 }}</ref> | ||
| |source=—Mohammed Abu Baker, 21-year-old student | |source=—Mohammed Abu Baker, 21-year-old student | ||
| |qalign=left | |qalign=left | ||
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| |align=right }} | |align=right }} | ||
| The turnout was 18%,<ref> |
The turnout was 18%,<ref>{{Cite news|title=Libyans mourn rights activist amid turmoil|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2014/06/libyans-mourn-rights-activist-amid-turmoil-2014626161436740827.html|work=Al Jazeera English|date=26 June 2014|accessdate=22 August 2014}}</ref> down from 60% in the first post-] election of July 2012,<ref>{{Cite news|title=Braving Areas of Violence, Voters Try to Reshape Libya|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2012/07/08/world/africa/libyans-vote-in-first-election-in-more-than-40-years.html|work=New York Times|date=7 July 2012|accessdate=22 August 2014}}</ref> with only 630,000 people voting.<ref name="Jawad"/> Barely a third of Libya's 3.4m eligible voters had registered for the country's ] in February that year.<ref name="Econ Feb 2014">{{Cite web|title=Libya's turmoil: Little to celebrate|url=http://www.economist.com/news/middle-east-and-africa/21596974-power-struggles-are-intensifying-little-celebrate|work=]|date=22 February 2014|accessdate=22 August 2014 }}</ref> "Declining enthusiasm reflects growing disgust with the authorities' failure to govern," said '']''.<ref name="Econ Feb 2014"/> | ||
| No voting took place in ], which had been the scene of a campaign of bombings and assassinations from radical Islamist groups based there. Some polling stations were also closed in ] and ] for security reasons.<ref name="Jawad"/> | No voting took place in ], which had been the scene of a campaign of bombings and assassinations from radical Islamist groups based there. Some polling stations were also closed in ] and ] for security reasons.<ref name="Jawad"/> | ||
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| There were several instances of violence on the day of the election, with at least five people dying in clashes between government forces and militants in Benghazi.<ref name="Jawad"/> According to security officials the deaths happened when Islamist insurgents opened fire on a local security headquarters, with the violence resulting in at least another 30 people being wounded.<ref name="Jawad"/> | There were several instances of violence on the day of the election, with at least five people dying in clashes between government forces and militants in Benghazi.<ref name="Jawad"/> According to security officials the deaths happened when Islamist insurgents opened fire on a local security headquarters, with the violence resulting in at least another 30 people being wounded.<ref name="Jawad"/> | ||
| In a separate incident Human Rights activist ] was shot dead at her Benghazi home after having returned home from voting. Her attackers were reportedly hooded and were wearing military uniforms. |
In a separate incident Human Rights activist ] was shot dead at her Benghazi home after having returned home from voting. Her attackers were reportedly hooded and were wearing military uniforms. Bughaighis, a native of Benghazi, was a lawyer by profession and had three children. She had played an active role in the overthrow of Gaddafi and had served as a member of Libya's interim National Transitional Council.<ref name="Jawad"/> | ||
| ==Results== | ==Results== | ||
| The results were announced on 22 July 2014.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.libyaherald.com/2014/07/21/elections-2014-final-results-for-house-of-representative-elections-announced/|title=ELECTIONS 2014: Final results for House of Representative elections announced|newspaper=Libya Herald|date=21 July 2014|accessdate=22 July 2014}}</ref> All 1,714 candidates stood as independents as party lists were forbidden under the electoral system. Of the 200 seats up for election, 188 were announced on 22 July, with the announcement for the other 12 being delayed due to boycott or insecurity in some electoral districts. Most of the seats were taken by secular factions, with Islamists, who held a significant degree of sway in the previous parliament, only winning around 30 seats. Some analysts{{Who|date=August 2014}} fear the results might reinvigorate ].<ref name=" |
The results were announced on 22 July 2014.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.libyaherald.com/2014/07/21/elections-2014-final-results-for-house-of-representative-elections-announced/|title=ELECTIONS 2014: Final results for House of Representative elections announced|newspaper=Libya Herald|date=21 July 2014|accessdate=22 July 2014}}</ref> All 1,714 candidates stood as independents as party lists were forbidden under the electoral system. Of the 200 seats up for election, 188 were announced on 22 July, with the announcement for the other 12 being delayed due to boycott or insecurity in some electoral districts. Most of the seats were taken by secular factions, with Islamists, who held a significant degree of sway in the previous parliament, only winning around 30 seats. Some analysts{{Who|date=August 2014}} fear the results might reinvigorate ].<ref name="Xinhua"/> | ||
| The new parliament has since based itself in the Operation Dignity stronghold of Tobruk.<ref>{{cite news|last=Ibrahim|first=Noora|date=13 August 2014|title=Ansar increases presence at Benina check-point as criticism of Saiqa mounts|url=http://www.libyaherald.com/2014/08/13/ansar-increases-presence-at-benina-check-point-as-criticism-of-saiqa-mounts/#axzz39zssHULF|newspaper=Libya Herald| |
The new parliament has since based itself in the Operation Dignity stronghold of Tobruk.<ref>{{cite news|last=Ibrahim|first=Noora|date=13 August 2014|title=Ansar increases presence at Benina check-point as criticism of Saiqa mounts|url=http://www.libyaherald.com/2014/08/13/ansar-increases-presence-at-benina-check-point-as-criticism-of-saiqa-mounts/#axzz39zssHULF|newspaper=Libya Herald||accessdate=14 August 2014}}</ref> On 12 August 2014 the parliament voted in favor of the Libyan Head of State being directly elected, as opposed to being appointed by the Council of Deputies. Of the Representatives present 141 voted in favour, with 2 opposing and 1 abstaining.<ref>{{cite news|last=Zaptia|first=Sami|date=12 August 2014|title=Breaking news: HoR votes for direct popular election of Libya’s president|url=http://www.libyaherald.com/2014/08/12/breaking-news-hor-votes-for-direct-popular-election-of-libyas-president/#axzz39zssHULF|newspaper=Libya Herald|accessdate=14 August 2014 }}</ref> | ||
| ==References== | ==References== | ||
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Legislative elections were held in Libya on 25 June 2014 for the Majlis al-Nuwaab. Majlis al-Nuwaab translates into English as Council of Deputies, although it is frequently referred to as the "House of Representatives" in the English-language media.
Whilst all candidates ran as independents, the elections saw nationalist and liberal factions win the majority of seats, with Islamist groups being reduced to only around 30 seats.
Background
A General National Congress was elected in July 2012, with the original responsibility of forming a constituent assembly to write the constitution; however, the National Transitional Council decided that Libyans will instead directly elect the constituent assembly. The General National Congress came to agreement on 10 April 2013 that constituent assembly members will be elected; the election for most of the constituent assembly took place on 20 February 2014.
On 30 March 2014, the General National Congress, which had already exceeded its mandated term of office and was refusing to step down, voted, under pressure from General Haftar who had called for new elections, to replace itself with the new Council of Deputies. The GNC claimed Haftar was plotting a coup. The new legislature has allocated 30 seats for women, will have 200 seats overall (with individuals able to run as members of political parties) and allows Libyans of foreign nationalities to run for office.
Electoral system
The 200 seats were elected in by three different methods. Forty seats were elected by first-past-the-post in single-member constituencies, eighty were elected by single non-transferable vote in 29 multi-member constituencies, and the remaining eighty were elected by proportional representation. In an attempt to reduce tensions, all candidates contested the election as individuals, instead of running on party lists.
Conduct
Turnout
—Mohammed Abu Baker, 21-year-old studentI didn't bother to register this time around, and that should tell you everything. My friends were killed in the revolution, we paid in blood for this democracy, but what was the result of the election? Candidates make big promises, but when they get the power, nothing.
The turnout was 18%, down from 60% in the first post-Gaddafi election of July 2012, with only 630,000 people voting. Barely a third of Libya's 3.4m eligible voters had registered for the country's Constitutional Assembly election in February that year. "Declining enthusiasm reflects growing disgust with the authorities' failure to govern," said The Economist.
No voting took place in Derna, which had been the scene of a campaign of bombings and assassinations from radical Islamist groups based there. Some polling stations were also closed in Kufra and Sabha for security reasons.
Violence
There were several instances of violence on the day of the election, with at least five people dying in clashes between government forces and militants in Benghazi. According to security officials the deaths happened when Islamist insurgents opened fire on a local security headquarters, with the violence resulting in at least another 30 people being wounded.
In a separate incident Human Rights activist Salwa Bughaighis was shot dead at her Benghazi home after having returned home from voting. Her attackers were reportedly hooded and were wearing military uniforms. Bughaighis, a native of Benghazi, was a lawyer by profession and had three children. She had played an active role in the overthrow of Gaddafi and had served as a member of Libya's interim National Transitional Council.
Results
The results were announced on 22 July 2014. All 1,714 candidates stood as independents as party lists were forbidden under the electoral system. Of the 200 seats up for election, 188 were announced on 22 July, with the announcement for the other 12 being delayed due to boycott or insecurity in some electoral districts. Most of the seats were taken by secular factions, with Islamists, who held a significant degree of sway in the previous parliament, only winning around 30 seats. Some analysts fear the results might reinvigorate fighting between secular and Islamist forces.
The new parliament has since based itself in the Operation Dignity stronghold of Tobruk. On 12 August 2014 the parliament voted in favor of the Libyan Head of State being directly elected, as opposed to being appointed by the Council of Deputies. Of the Representatives present 141 voted in favour, with 2 opposing and 1 abstaining.
References
- "Date for new parliamentary elections 25 June". Libya Herald. 30 May 2014. Retrieved 30 May 2014.
- ^ "Libya publishes parliamentary election results". Xinhua. 22 July 2014. Retrieved 22 August 2014.
- "NTC takes responsibility for constitution from National Conference". Libya Herald. 5 July 2012. Retrieved 1 April 2014.
- "The Constitutional Commission will be elected and the political isolation law is constitutional, rules Congress". Libya Herald. 11 April 2013. Retrieved 1 April 2014.
- "Election re-runs next Wednesday says Elabbar". Libya Herald. 21 February 2014. Retrieved 1 April 2014.
- ^ Jawad, Rana (26 June 2014). "Libyan elections: Low turnout marks bid to end political crisis". BBC. Retrieved 22 August 2014.
- "Congress votes to replace itself with new House of Representatives". Libya Herald. 30 March 2014. Retrieved 1 April 2014.
- "LIBYA Majlis Al-Nuwaab (House of Representatives". Inter-Parliamentary Union. Retrieved 22 August 2014.
- "Disillusionment mars Libya's national poll". The Guardian. 25 June 2014. Retrieved 22 August 2014.
- "Libyans mourn rights activist amid turmoil". Al Jazeera English. 26 June 2014. Retrieved 22 August 2014.
- "Braving Areas of Violence, Voters Try to Reshape Libya". New York Times. 7 July 2012. Retrieved 22 August 2014.
- ^ "Libya's turmoil: Little to celebrate". The Economist. 22 February 2014. Retrieved 22 August 2014.
- "ELECTIONS 2014: Final results for House of Representative elections announced". Libya Herald. 21 July 2014. Retrieved 22 July 2014.
- Ibrahim, Noora (13 August 2014). "Ansar increases presence at Benina check-point as criticism of Saiqa mounts". Libya Herald. Retrieved 14 August 2014.
{{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|1=(help) - Zaptia, Sami (12 August 2014). "Breaking news: HoR votes for direct popular election of Libya's president". Libya Herald. Retrieved 14 August 2014.
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