| Revision as of 18:58, 7 February 2016 editBender235 (talk | contribs)Autopatrolled, Extended confirmed users, Pending changes reviewers, Rollbackers, Template editors471,685 editsm →Biography: clean up; http->https (see this RfC) using AWB← Previous edit | Revision as of 17:40, 9 February 2016 edit undo41.250.221.18 (talk) →BiographyNext edit → | ||
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| ==Biography== | ==Biography== | ||
| Osman II was born at ], ], the son of Sultan ] (1603–17) and his |
Osman II was born at ], ], the son of Sultan ] (1603–17) and his first wife ], was originally either named Hatice, a princess who was the niece of ]'s mother which makes ] ,]'s maternal cousin as well as his nephew.<ref name=Shaw>{{cite book|title=History of the Ottoman Empire and Modern Turkey, volume I: Empire of the Gazis: The Rise and Decline of the Ottoman Empire, 1280-1808|first= Stanford Jay|last= Shaw|publisher= Cambridge University Press|page= 191}}</ref> or Evdoksiya, a ].<ref name="İnalArşivi2005">{{cite book|author1=Günseli İnal|author2=Semiramis Arşivi|title=Semiramis: Sultan'ın gözünden şenlik|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pIKRAAAAIAAJ|year=2005|publisher=YKY|isbn=978-975-08-0928-6|page=27|quote=}}</ref> At a young age, his mother paid a great deal of attention to Osman's education, as a result of which Osman II became a known poet and had mastered many languages, including ], ], ], ], ], and most prominently, the ]. He ascended the throne at the early age of 14 as the result of a ] against his uncle ] "the Intestable" (1617–18, 1622–23). Despite his youth, Osman II soon sought to assert himself as a ruler, and after securing the empire's eastern border by signing a peace treaty (]) with ], he personally led the Ottoman invasion of ] during the ]. Forced to sign a peace treaty with the ] after the ] (which was, in fact, a siege of ] defended by the Polish ] ]) in September–October, 1621, Osman II returned home to ] in shame, blaming the cowardice of the ] and the insufficiency of his statesmen for his humiliation. | ||
| === His death === | === His death === | ||
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| ] witnessed the murder of Osman II in person, and presented the most complete account of this event in his famous book ''Fazlaka'' in the chapter titled "Sultan Osman II at the Central Mosque (Orta Camii)", written in Old ].<ref>], ''],'' Kanaat Kütüphanesi Publications, pages 41-42, 1932.</ref> | ] witnessed the murder of Osman II in person, and presented the most complete account of this event in his famous book ''Fazlaka'' in the chapter titled "Sultan Osman II at the Central Mosque (Orta Camii)", written in Old ].<ref>], ''],'' Kanaat Kütüphanesi Publications, pages 41-42, 1932.</ref> | ||
| Probably the first Sultan to identify and attempt to tackle the ] as a praetorian institution doing more harm than good to the modern empire, Osman II closed their coffee shops (the gathering points for conspiracies against the throne) and started planning to create a new, loyal and ] ] army consisting of ]n, ]n, and ]ian ] and ]. The result was a palace ], who promptly imprisoned the young sultan. When an executioner was sent to strangle him at ] in ] (Istanbul), Osman II refused to give in and began fighting the man and was only subdued when he was hit on his back with the rear end of an axe by one of his imprisoners. After that he was ]. A combination of these stories is given by the French traveler Pouqueville, who writes that when the cord was thrown over his neck, Osman had the presence of mind to grasp it with his hand, and knock down the principal executioner, after which his grand vizier seized Osman by the ]. When Osman fainted with pain, he was strangled.<ref>Pouqueville, François Charles H.L.: ''Travels through the Morea, Albania, and several other parts of the Ottoman Empire'', page 113-114, published 1806.</ref> | Probably the first Sultan to identify and attempt to tackle the ] as a praetorian institution doing more harm than good to the modern empire, Osman II closed their coffee shops (the gathering points for conspiracies against the throne) and started planning to create a new, loyal and ] ] army consisting of ]n, ]n, and ]ian ] and ]. The result was a palace ], who promptly imprisoned the young sultan. When an executioner was sent to strangle him at ] in ] (Istanbul), Osman II refused to give in and began fighting the man and was only subdued when he was hit on his back with the rear end of an axe by one of his imprisoners. After that he was ]. A combination of these stories is given by the French traveler Pouqueville, who writes that when the cord was thrown over his neck, Osman had the presence of mind to grasp it with his hand, and knock down the principal executioner, after which his grand vizier seized Osman by the ]. When Osman fainted with pain, he was strangled.<ref>Pouqueville, François Charles H.L.: ''Travels through the Morea, Albania, and several other parts of the Ottoman Empire'', page 113-114, published 1806.</ref> | ||
Revision as of 17:40, 9 February 2016
Caliph of Islam| Osman II | |
|---|---|
| Caliph of Islam Amir al-Mu'minin Sultan of the Ottoman Empire Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques | |
 | |
| Sultan of the Ottoman Empire | |
| Reign | 26 February 1618 – 10 May 1622 |
| Predecessor | Mustafa I |
| Successor | Mustafa I |
| Born | (1604-11-03)November 3, 1604 |
| Died | March 20, 1622(1622-03-20) (aged 17) |
| Consorts | Akile Hatun Ayşe Hatun Ayşe Sultan |
| Issue | Şehzade Ömer Zeyneb Sultan Şehzâde Mustafa |
| Royal house | House of Osman |
| Father | Ahmed I |
| Mother | Mahfiruz Hatice Sultan |
| Religion | Sunni Islam |
| Tughra |  |
Osman II (Template:Lang-ota ‘Osmān-i sānī; November 3, 1604 – May 20, 1622), commonly known as Genç Osman ("Osman the Young" in Turkish), was the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1618 until his death on 20 May 1622.
Biography
Osman II was born at Topkapı Palace, Constantinople, the son of Sultan Ahmed I (1603–17) and his first wife Mahfiruz Hatice Sultan, was originally either named Hatice, a princess who was the niece of Mustafa I's mother which makes Osman II ,Mustafa I's maternal cousin as well as his nephew. or Evdoksiya, a Serbian. At a young age, his mother paid a great deal of attention to Osman's education, as a result of which Osman II became a known poet and had mastered many languages, including Arabic, Persian, Greek, Latin, Italian, and most prominently, the Ottoman Sign Language. He ascended the throne at the early age of 14 as the result of a coup d'état against his uncle Mustafa I "the Intestable" (1617–18, 1622–23). Despite his youth, Osman II soon sought to assert himself as a ruler, and after securing the empire's eastern border by signing a peace treaty (Treaty of Serav) with Safavid Persia, he personally led the Ottoman invasion of Poland during the Moldavian Magnate Wars. Forced to sign a peace treaty with the Poles after the Battle of Chotin (Chocim) (which was, in fact, a siege of Chotin defended by the Polish hetman Jan Karol Chodkiewicz) in September–October, 1621, Osman II returned home to Constantinople in shame, blaming the cowardice of the Janissaries and the insufficiency of his statesmen for his humiliation.
His death
Sultan Osman the Young was strangled in Yedikule Zindans in 1622
Yedikule Fortress in 1685
One of the entrances of the Yedikule Fortress in Istanbul, where Osman II was strangled to death by revolting Janissaries
Yedikule Fortress in 1827
Katip Çelebi witnessed the murder of Osman II in person, and presented the most complete account of this event in his famous book Fazlaka in the chapter titled "Sultan Osman II at the Central Mosque (Orta Camii)", written in Old Ottoman Turkish.
Probably the first Sultan to identify and attempt to tackle the Janissaries as a praetorian institution doing more harm than good to the modern empire, Osman II closed their coffee shops (the gathering points for conspiracies against the throne) and started planning to create a new, loyal and ethnic Turkic army consisting of Anatolian, Mesopotamian, and Egyptian Turks and Turkmens. The result was a palace uprising by the Janissaries, who promptly imprisoned the young sultan. When an executioner was sent to strangle him at Yedikule Fortress in Constantinople (Istanbul), Osman II refused to give in and began fighting the man and was only subdued when he was hit on his back with the rear end of an axe by one of his imprisoners. After that he was strangled with a bowstring. A combination of these stories is given by the French traveler Pouqueville, who writes that when the cord was thrown over his neck, Osman had the presence of mind to grasp it with his hand, and knock down the principal executioner, after which his grand vizier seized Osman by the genitals. When Osman fainted with pain, he was strangled.
Personal life
Osman had three consorts:
- Ayşe Sultan (m. January 1622) daughter of Ahmed Afendi, son of Pertev Pasha;
- Akile Rukiye Hatun (m. February 1622), daughter of Şeyhülislam Esad Efendi;
- Meylişah Sultan mother of Şehzade Ömer, Zeyneb Sultan and Şehzade Mustafa.
See also
Notes
- Shaw, Stanford Jay. History of the Ottoman Empire and Modern Turkey, volume I: Empire of the Gazis: The Rise and Decline of the Ottoman Empire, 1280-1808. Cambridge University Press. p. 191.
- Günseli İnal; Semiramis Arşivi (2005). Semiramis: Sultan'ın gözünden şenlik. YKY. p. 27. ISBN 978-975-08-0928-6.
- Ahmet Refik, Kâtip Çelebi, Kanaat Kütüphanesi Publications, pages 41-42, 1932.
- Pouqueville, François Charles H.L.: Travels through the Morea, Albania, and several other parts of the Ottoman Empire, page 113-114, published 1806.
External links
[REDACTED] Media related to Osman II at Wikimedia Commons
| Osman II House of OsmanBorn: November 3, 1604 Died: May 20, 1622 | ||
| Regnal titles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded byMustafa I | Sultan of the Ottoman Empire Feb 26, 1618 – May 20, 1622 |
Succeeded byMustafa I |
| Sunni Islam titles | ||
| Preceded byMustafa I | Caliph of Islam Feb 26, 1618 – May 20, 1622 |
Succeeded byMustafa I |
![[REDACTED]](https://u3vuiephb.global.ssl.fastly.net/File:Commons-logo.svg){kind=link}
- People of Turkic descent
- Turkic rulers
- Turkish poets
- 1604 births
- 1622 deaths
- 1622 crimes
- Modern child rulers
- Murdered monarchs
- Assassinated caliphs
- 17th-century Ottoman sultans
- People from Istanbul
- Assassinated Ottoman people
- Ottoman sultans born to Greek mothers
- Ottoman Turks
- Turkish nationalists
- 17th-century caliphs
- People executed by ligature strangulation