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===Russia=== ===Russia===
{{See also|List of active separatist movements in Asia#Russia|Republics of Russia}} {{See also|List of active separatist movements in Asia#Russia|Republics of Russia}}

;Russia's Black Sea

] ({{flag|Republic of Crimea|name=Crimea}} and {{flag|Sevastopol}})
*People: ]
{{see also|2014 Crimean Crisis}}
:*Proposed state: Reunification with {{Flag|Ukraine}}
:*Political organisation: ]
* People: ]
** Proposed autonomous area: {{flagdeco|Crimea|tatar}} Crimea
** Political organisation: ]


;Russia's North Caucasus ;Russia's North Caucasus

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Active separatist movements in Europe.

This is a list of currently active separatist movements in Europe. Separatism often refers to full political secession, though separatist movements may seek nothing more than greater autonomy or to be recognized as a national minority.

What is and is not considered an autonomist or secessionist movement is sometimes contentious. Entries on this list must meet three criteria:

  1. They are active movements with active members;
  2. They are seeking greater autonomy or self-determination for a geographic region (as opposed to personal autonomy);
  3. They are citizens/peoples of the conflict area and do not come from another country.

Under each region listed is one or more of the following:

  • De facto state (de facto entity): for unrecognized regions with de facto autonomy;
  • Proposed state: proposed name for a seceding sovereign state;
  • Proposed autonomous area: for movements towards greater autonomy for an area but not outright secession;

Various ethnic groups in Europe are seeking greater autonomy or independence. In the European Union (EU), several of these groups are members of the European Free Alliance (EFA). In some cases, the group seeks union with a neighbouring country.

Active separatist movements by country

Albania

Northern Epirus

Belgium

Further information: Partition of Belgium

 Flanders or Flemish Community (the latter includes  Brussels-Capital Region)

 Wallonia

Province of Luxembourg

Bosnia and Herzegovina

 Republika Srpska

 Croatian Republic of Herzeg-Bosnia

Bulgaria

Blagoevgrad Province

Croatia

Istria

Free State of Fiume Rijeka

Primorje-Gorski Kotar County

  • People:Primorci and Gorani
    • Proposed autonomous area: Primorsko goranska regija
      • Political party: PGS - primorsko goranska stranka

Cyprus

Breakaway states:

 Northern Cyprus

Czech Republic

Moravia

Czech Silesia

Denmark

For movements in Greenland, see List of active separatist movements in North America.

 Bornholm

 Faroe Islands

Finland

 Åland

France

Secessionist movements

French Basque Country

Main articles: Basque nationalism and Basque independence

Brittany and parts of  Pays de la Loire

Main article: Breton nationalism

Catalonia Northern Catalonia / Roussillon (predominantly Pyrénées-Orientales)

Main articles: Catalan nationalism and Catalan independence

 Corsica

Main article: Corsican nationalism

Savoy

Main article: Savoyan nationalism

 Occitania

Main article: Occitan nationalism

 Provence

Main article: Provençal nationalism
Autonomist movements

 Alsace

Brittany

 Corsica

County of Nice

Normandy

Savoy

 Occitania

Georgia

Main article: List of active separatist movements in Asia § Georgia

Breakaway states:

Abkhazia

 South Ossetia

Germany

Bavaria

East Frisia

Franconia

Lusatia

Schleswig-Holstein

Italy

Friuli-Venezia Giulia

Main article: Friulian Front

Lombardy

Sardinia

Main article: Sardinian nationalism

Sicily Sicily

Main article: Sicilian nationalism

South Tyrol

Main article: South Tyrolean secessionist movement

Veneto

Main article: Venetian nationalism

Kosovo

Further information: International recognition of Kosovo

Serbia North Kosovo

File:Gorani Flag.jpg Gora region

Latvia

Latgale

Lithuania

Samogitia

Macedonia

Albanian community in Macedonia

Main article: Albanian nationalism

Moldova

Breakaway state:

 Transnistria

Proposed independent and autonomous movements:

 Gagauzia

Taraclia

Montenegro

Kraja

Netherlands

Frisia

  • People: Frisian
    • Proposed autonomous area: Frisia
      • Political party: Frisian National Party, (EFA member)
      • Status: Democratic movement seeking greater autonomy for Frisian-speaking people in Friesland

Groningen

Limburg

Poland

Upper Silesia

Romania

The geographical distribution of Hungarians in Romania

Hungarian community in Romania

Russia

See also: List of active separatist movements in Asia § Russia, and Republics of Russia
Russia's North Caucasus
See also: Insurgency in the North Caucasus

 Chechnya

North Caucasus

Circassia

Karachay-Balkaria

Abazinia in central-north Karachay–Cherkessia

Kumykia in north Dagestan

Russia's other European regions
See also: Separatist movements in Asian Russia

Tatarstan Tatarstan

Udmurtia Udmurtia

Chuvashia Chuvashia

Mari El Mari El

Mordovia Mordovia

Bashkortostan Bashkortostan

Komi Republic Komi Republic

Karelia

Kalmykia Kalmykia

Rostov Oblast

Krasnodar Krai (Kuban)

North Caucasus near Terek

Serbia

Vojvodina Autonomous Province of Vojvodina

Preševo Valley

Sandžak

Breakaway state:

Autonomous Province of Kosovo and Metohija (Kosovo)

Slovakia

The geographical distribution of Hungarians in Slovakia

Southern Slovakia:

  • People: Hungarians
    • Proposed autonomous area: Territorial autonomy for the compact Hungarian ethnic block and cultural autonomy for the regions of sporadic Hungarian presence.

Spain

Further information: Nationalisms and regionalisms of Spain See also: List of active separatist movements in Africa § Spain
Areas in Spain with separatist or autonomist movements, as well as their claims to territory in neighbouring countries.
The disputed territory of Olivenza.

 Andalusia

Main article: Andalusian nationalism

 Aragon

Main article: Aragonese nationalism

 Asturias

Main article: Asturian nationalism

 Balearic Islands

Main article: Catalan nationalism

Basque Country (autonomous community) Basque Country (autonomous community)

Main articles: Basque nationalism and Basque independence

 Canary Islands

Main article: Canarian nationalism

 Cantabria

Main article: Cantabrian nationalism

 Catalonia

Main articles: Catalan nationalism and Catalan independence

Castile

Main article: Castilian nationalism

Galicia (Spain) Galicia

Main articles: Galicianism, Galician nationalism, and Galician independence

León

Main article: Leonese nationalism

 Navarre

Main article: Basque nationalism

Territory of Olivenza (Olivença)

Main article: Disputed status of Olivenza

Valencian Community Valencia

Main articles: Valencianism, Valencian nationalism, and Catalan nationalism

Additionally, there are a number of almost extinct secessionist or soveranist movements in other autonomous communities and historical territories, e.g. Extremadura and Murcia.

 Extremadura

Main article: Extremaduran nationalism

 Murcia

Main article: Murcian nationalism

Local secessionist (mostly autonomist) movements include Aranesism, Bercianism, Cartagenism, Majorcanism, Manchego autonomism, Navarrism, Valencian Blaverism and Eastern Andalusian autonomism.

Aran Valley

Main articles: Aranese nationalism and Occitan nationalism

Sweden

Scania

Switzerland

Jura

Ticino

  • Regional group: Ticinesi (Italian speaking)
  • Proposed state: annexation to the Lombardy

Turkey

Main article: List of active separatist movements in Asia § Turkey

Northern Kurdistan

Ukraine

Breakaway states
Map of protests by region, indicating severity of the unrest at its peak

 Luhansk Oblast (partially)

 Donetsk Oblast (partially)

Disputed status

 Republic of Crimea

City of Sevastopol

Proposed autonomous regions

Subcarpathian Ruthenia

United Kingdom

Secessionist movements

 England

See also: English nationalism and English independence

 Scotland

See also: Scottish nationalism, Scottish independence, Scottish independence referendum 2014, and Proposed second Scottish independence referendum

 Shetland

 Wales

See also: Welsh nationalism and Welsh independence

Northern Ireland

See also: Ulster nationalism, Irish nationalism, and Irish republicanism

London

See also: London independence
  • People: Londoners
    • Proposed state: London
    • Movement: London Independence
Autonomist movements
See also: Devolution in the United Kingdom

 England

See also: Devolved English parliament and English nationalism

 Scotland

See also: Devolution in Scotland and Scottish nationalism

 Wales

See also: Welsh nationalism

London

 Cornwall (possibly including the Isles of Scilly)

See also: Cornish nationalism, Constitutional status of Cornwall, and Cornish Assembly

Wessex

 Yorkshire

North East England or North East Combined Authority area (which excludes Tees Valley)

Northern Isles

 Orkney

 Shetland

Na h-Eileanan Siar

  • People: People of the Outer Hebrides
Independence movements of dependant territories

 Isle of Man

See also

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External links

"Manifest" (PDF), Politiskaprogram, AX: Ålands framtid, 2011 {{citation}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help).

Separatist movements by continent
Current
Historical separatist movements
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