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	==Reforms and Major concerns==		==Reforms and Major concerns==
	India's police continue to be governed by an ] police law passed in 1861. The ] makes policing a ] and therefore the state governments have the responsibility to provide their communities with a police service. However, after independence, most have adopted the 1861 Act without change, while others have passed laws heavily based on the 1861 Act.		India's police continue to be governed by an ] police law passed in 1861. The ] makes policing a ] and therefore the state governments have the responsibility to provide their communities with a police service. However, after independence, most have adopted the 1861 Act without change, while others have passed laws heavily based on the 1861 Act.

	Repeated major incidents, (latest of them being ]) revealed failure of police to uphold the ].<ref>{{cite news\|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report_inept-delhi-cops-get-hc-rap_1780383\|date=21 December 2012\|accessdate=22 December 2012\|title=Inept Delhi cops get HC rap\|newspaper=DNA}}</ref><ref>{{cite web \| url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-newdelhi/two-acps-are-suspended/article4237103.ece \| title=Two ACPs are suspended \| work=The Hindu \| accessdate=28 December 2012}}</ref>

	The need for reform of police in India has been long recognised. There has been almost 30 years of debate and discussion by government created committees and commissions on the way forward for police reform, but India remains saddled with an outdated and old-fashioned law, while report after report gathers dust on government bookshelves without implementation. Many committees on police reforms have recommended major reforms in the police system coupled with systematic ].<ref name=VermaCommittee_22Jan2013>{{cite news\|title=Failure of governance root cause of crimes against women: Verma committee\|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/failure-of-governance-root-cause-of-crimes-against-women-verma-committee/article4336046.ece?homepage=true\|accessdate=23 January 2013\|newspaper=The Hindu\|date=23 January 2013}}</ref><ref name=VermaCommitteeHighlights_23Jan2013>{{cite news\|title=Read: Highlights of Justice Verma Committee report\|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/read-highlights-of-justice-verma-committee-report/317376-3.html\|accessdate=23 January 2013\|newspaper=CNNIBNLive\|date=23 January 2013}}</ref>		The need for reform of police in India has been long recognised. There has been almost 30 years of debate and discussion by government created committees and commissions on the way forward for police reform, but India remains saddled with an outdated and old-fashioned law, while report after report gathers dust on government bookshelves without implementation. Many committees on police reforms have recommended major reforms in the police system coupled with systematic ].<ref name=VermaCommittee_22Jan2013>{{cite news\|title=Failure of governance root cause of crimes against women: Verma committee\|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/failure-of-governance-root-cause-of-crimes-against-women-verma-committee/article4336046.ece?homepage=true\|accessdate=23 January 2013\|newspaper=The Hindu\|date=23 January 2013}}</ref><ref name=VermaCommitteeHighlights_23Jan2013>{{cite news\|title=Read: Highlights of Justice Verma Committee report\|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/read-highlights-of-justice-verma-committee-report/317376-3.html\|accessdate=23 January 2013\|newspaper=CNNIBNLive\|date=23 January 2013}}</ref>

Revision as of 20:32, 18 September 2017

This article is about the civil service, the Indian Police Service. For the police in India, see Law enforcement in India.

Service Overview
Logo	File:Official Logo of the Indian Police Service.jpg
Abbreviation	IPS
Date of Establishment	1905 (As Imperial Police) 1948 (as IPS)
Country	India
Staff College	Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel National Police Academy, Hyderabad, Telangana
Cadre Controlling Authority	Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India
Minister Responsible	Rajnath Singh, Minister responsible for Ministry of Home Affairs
Legal personality	Governmental: Government service
Duties	Law Enforcement Crime Investigation Security Intelligence (Internal & External) Public Order
Cadre Strength	3894 members (2016)
Selection	Civil Services Examination
Association	IPS (Central) Association
Head of the Civil Services
Current Cabinet Secretary	Pradeep Kumar Sinha, IAS

The Indian Police Service (Bhāratīya Pulis Sevā) or IPS, is an All India Service for policing. It replaced the Indian Imperial Police in 1948, a year after India gained independence from Britain.

Along with the Indian Administrative Service (IAS) and the Indian Forest Service (IFS), the IPS is one of the three All India Services — its cadre can be employed by both the Union Government and the individual States.

The service is not a force itself but provides leaders and commanders to staff the state police and all-India Central Armed Police Forces. Its members are the senior officers of the police. The Bureau of Police Research and Development is responsible for research and development of the police force in India.

History

There is no alternative to this administrative system... The Union will go, you will not have a united India if you do not have good All-India Service which has the independence to speak out its mind, which has sense of security that you will standby your work... If you do not adopt this course, then do not follow the present Constitution. Substitute something else... these people are the instrument. Remove them and I see nothing, but a picture of chaos all over the country.
— Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel in Constituent Assembly discussing the role of All India Services.

British India

Jamadar, Constable and Sergeant - NCO positions opened to Indians until 1920.

In 1861, the British Government introduced the Indian Councils Act of 1861. The act created the foundation of a modern and professionalised police bureaucracy in India. It introduced, a new cadre of police, called Superior Police Services, later known as the Indian Imperial Police. The highest rank in the service was the Inspector General for each province. The rank of Inspector General was equated and ranked with Brigadier and similar ranks in the Indian Armed Forces, as per Central Warrant of Precedence in 1937.

In 1902-03, a Police Commission was established for the Police reforms under Sir Andrew Frazer and Lord Curzon. It recommended the appointment of Indians at officer level in the police. Indians could rise only to the ranks of Inspector of Police, the senior N.C.O. position. However they were not part of Indian Imperial Police.

From 1920, Indian Imperial Police was open to Indians and the entrance examination for the service was conducted both in India and England.

Prior to Independence, senior police officers belonging to the Imperial Police (IP) were appointed by the Secretary of State on the basis of a competitive examination. The first open civil service examination for admission to the service was held in England in June 1893 and the ten top candidates were appointed as probationers in the Indian (Imperial) Police. It is not possible to pinpoint an exact date on which the Indian Police came formally into being. Around 1907, the Secretary of State's officers were directed to wear the letters "IP" on their epaulettes in order to distinguish them from the other officers not recruited by the Secretary of State through examination. In this sense, 1907 could be regarded as the starting point. In 1948, a year after India gained independence; the Imperial Police was replaced by IPS.

Modern India

The modern Indian Administrative Service was created under the Article 312(2) in part XIV of the Constitution of India.

In 1972, Kiran Bedi joined the IPS, becoming the first woman police officer.

As per media reports, there is massive shortfall of IPS officers in India, amounting to nearly 19% to 22% of sanctioned strength.

Medals and decorations

Main articles: Police Medal (India) and President's Police Medal

Historically, few officers have been awarded United Nations Medal and have participated in Indian Army United Nations peacekeeping missions.

Objective

The First Police Commission, appointed on 17 August 1865, contained detailed guidelines for the desired system of police in India and defined the police as a governmental department to maintain order, enforce the law, and to prevent and detect crime. The Indian Police Service is not a force itself but a service providing leaders and commanders to staff the state police and all-India Central Armed Police Forces. Its members are the senior officers of the police. With the passage of time Indian Police Service's objectives were updated and redefined, the current rules and functions of an Indian Police Service Officer are as follows:

To fulfil duties based on border responsibilities, in the areas of maintenance of public peace and order, crime prevention, investigation, and detection, collection of intelligence, VIP security, counter-terrorism, border policing, railway policing, tackling smuggling, drug trafficking, economic offences, corruption in public life, disaster management, enforcement of socio-economic legislation, bio-diversity and protection of environmental laws etc.
Leading and commanding the Indian Intelligence Agencies like Research and Analysis Wing (R&AW), Intelligence Bureau (IB), Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI), Criminal Investigation Department (CID) etc., Indian Federal Law Enforcement Agencies, Civil and Armed Police Forces in all the states and union territories.
Leading and commanding the Central Armed Police Forces (CAPF) which include the Central Police Organisations (CPO) such as Border Security Force (BSF), Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF), Indo-Tibetan Border Police (ITBP), National Security Guard (NSG), Central Industrial Security Force (CISF), Vigilance Organisations and Indian Federal Law Enforcement Agencies.
To interact and coordinate closely with the members of other All India Services and with the Indian Revenue Service and also with the Indian Armed Forces primarily with the Indian Army.
To lead and command the force with courage, uprightness, dedication and a strong sense of service to the people.
Endeavor to inculcate in the police forces under their command such values and norms as would help them serve the people better.
Inculcate integrity of the highest order, sensitivity to aspirations of people in a fast-changing social and economic milieu, respect for human rights, broad liberal perspective of law and justice and high standard of professionalism.

Selection

IPS officers are recruited from Civil Services Examination. They are also promoted from State Police Services and DANIPS. However, at present, recruitment from Limited Competitive Examination has been put on hold.

After selection for the IPS, candidates are allocated to a cadre. There is one cadre in each Indian state, with the exception of three joint cadres: Assam-Meghalaya, Manipur-Tripura, and Arunachal Pradesh-Goa-Mizoram-Union Territories (AGMUT). Two-thirds of the strength of every cadre is filled directly by IPS officers and the remaining are promoted from the respective states cadre officers.

Eligibility conditions for Police Personals is defined by Govt recruitment laws. Each rank has different criteria which includes age limit, Education and physical qualification. Once candidate satisfies all these criteria, he/she can take part in recruitment exam of Indian Police.

Training

The training of IPS officer recruits is conducted at Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel National Police Academy in Hyderabad. The authorised cadre strength of Indian Police Service is 4920. (3270 Direct Recruitment Posts and 1650 Promotional Posts). The Civil List of IPS officers is an updated (annual) list maintained by the Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India that lists the posting details of all IPS officers in India. This Civil List can be accessed from the MHA website. It allows searching for an IPS officer on the basis of his name, Batch or Cadre.

Career Progression

Pay structure of Indian Police Service

Pay structure of Indian Police Service
Grade/Level on Pay Matrix	Position in the State Government(s)	Other Positions or Designation in the State Government(s) or Government of India (GOI)	Position in Indian Order of Precedence	Base Salary (monthly)
Apex Scale (Pay level 17)	Director General of Police (Head of Police Force)	Director of Intelligence Bureau (IB), Special Director in IB, Director of Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI), Director General of National Investigation Agency (NIA), Commissioner of Police of Delhi, Director General of Central Armed Police Forces (CAPFs).	25	₹2,25,000
HAG+ Scale (Pay level 16)	Director General of Police	Special Director General in CAPFs, Special Director in IB, Special Director in CBI, Director of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel National Police Academy (SVPNPA), Director General of Bureau of Police Research and Development.	25	₹2,05,400
HAG scale (Pay level 15)	Additional Director General of Police	Director of National Crime Records Bureau, Special Commissioner of Police in Delhi, Commissioner of Police (City Police Commissionerate), Additional Director General in NIA, Additional Director in IB, Additional Director in CBI, Additional Director General in CAPFs.	25	₹2,00,000
(Above Super Time Scale) Senior Administrative Grade (Pay Level 14)	Inspector General of Police	Joint Commissioner of Police in Delhi, Commissioner of Police (City Police Commissionerate), Inspector General in CAPFs, Inspector General in NIA, Joint Director in IB, Joint Director in CBI, Joint Director in SVPNPA.	26	₹1,75,000
Super Time Scale (DIG/Conservator Grade) (Pay level 13A)	Deputy Inspector General of Police	Additional Commissioner of Police in Delhi, Commissioner of Police (City Police Commissionerate), Deputy Inspector General in CAPFs, Deputy Inspector General in NIA, Deputy Director in IB, Deputy Inspector General in CBI, Deputy Director in SVPNPA.		₹1,50,000
Selection Grade (Pay level 13)	Superintendent of Police (selection grade)	Deputy Commissioner of Police in Delhi.		₹1,18,500
Junior Administrative Grade (Pay level 12)	Superintendent of Police	Deputy Commissioner of Police in Delhi.		₹78,800
Senior Time Scale (Pay Level 11)	Additional Superintendent of Police	Additional Deputy Commissioner of Police in Delhi.		₹67,700
Junior Time Scale (Pay Level 10)	Assistant Superintendent of Police	Assistant Commissioner of Police in Delhi.		₹56,100

Ranks and insignia

Main article: List of police ranks in India

Though the standard uniform colour is Khaki. The ranks, posts and designations of IPS officers vary from state to state as law and order is a state matter. But generally the following pattern is observed.

Ranks of IPS officers

**Indian Police Service gazetted officers rank insignia**
Insignia
Rank	Director general of police	Additional director general of police	Inspector general of police	Deputy inspector general of police	Senior superintendent of police	Superintendent of police	Additional superintendent of police	Assistant superintendent of police	Assistant superintendent of police (probationary for two years)	Assistant superintendent of police (probationary for one year)
Abbreviation	DGP	ADGP	IGP	DIG	SSP	SP	Addl.SP	ASP	ASP	ASP

Note 1: The equivalent rank to the ASP in State Police Services is the deputy superintendent of police (DSP/DySP). Note 2: The commissioner of police is a post typically held by DIG and above rank officers.

Flags (left) & Stars (right) on official cars of senior IPS officers, as per their rank.

Reforms and Major concerns

India's police continue to be governed by an colonial police law passed in 1861. The Indian Constitution makes policing a state subject and therefore the state governments have the responsibility to provide their communities with a police service. However, after independence, most have adopted the 1861 Act without change, while others have passed laws heavily based on the 1861 Act.

The need for reform of police in India has been long recognised. There has been almost 30 years of debate and discussion by government created committees and commissions on the way forward for police reform, but India remains saddled with an outdated and old-fashioned law, while report after report gathers dust on government bookshelves without implementation. Many committees on police reforms have recommended major reforms in the police system coupled with systematic accountability.

Corruption and fake encounters

Main article: Ishrat Jahan case

(Later it was proved that Ishrat Jahan case was not a fake encounter). Recently, several IPS officers were arrested and jailed in graft and corruption cases In recent years, the Appointments Committee of the Cabinet has dismissed few IPS officers for non performance.

Some IPS officers have been convicted of fake encounters.

National Police Commission (1977-81)

National Police Commission was the first committee set up by the Indian government to report on policing. The National Police Commission began sitting in 1979, in the context of a post-Emergency India, and produced eight reports, including a Model Police Act, between 1979 and 1981.

Ribeiro Committee (1998-99)

Padmanabhaiah Committee (2000)

In 2000, the government set up a third committee on police reform, this time under the stewardship of a former union Home Secretary, K. Padmanabhaiah. This Committee released its report in the same year.

Malimath Committee Report (2003)

Soli Sorabjee Committee (2005)

Supreme Court intervention (2006)

In 1996, Prakash Singh (a former Directors General of Police of the states of Assam and Uttar Pradesh and subsequently Director General of the Border Security Force) initiated a Public Interest Litigation (PIL) in the Supreme Court of India, asking the court to investigate measures to reform the police forces across India to ensure the proper rule of law and improve security across India. The Supreme Court studied various reports on police reforms. Finally, in 2006, a bench of Justice Y.K. Sabharwal, Justice C.K. Thakker and Justice P.K. Balasubramanyan ordered the state governments to implement several reforms in police force.

Several measures were identified as necessary to professionalise the police in India:

A mid or high ranking police officer must not be transferred more frequently than every two years.
The state government cannot ask the police force to hire someone, nor can they choose the Director General of the State Police.
There must be separate departments and staff for investigation and patrolling., which will include the creation of:

A State Security Commission, for policies and direction
A Police Establishment Board, which will decide the selection, promotions and transfers of police officers and other staff
A Police Complaints Authority, to inquire into allegations of police misconduct.

Follow-up from Supreme Court

In 2006, due to a lack of action by all the state governments, the Supreme Court ordered the state governments to report to it why the reform measures outlined were not implemented. After being questioned in front of the judges of the Supreme Court, the state governments are finally starting to reform the police forces and give them the operational independence they need for fearless and proper law enforcement. Tamil Nadu Police has been in the forefront of application of the new referendum.

Again, in October 2012, a Supreme Court bench of Chief Justice Altamas Kabir and Justices Surinder Singh Nijjar and Jasti Chelameswar asked all state governments and Union territories to inform about compliance of its September 2006 judgement. The order was passed when Prakash Singh through his lawyer Prashant Bhushan said that many of the reforms (ordered by the Supreme Court) have yet not been implemented by many state governments.

References

^ "Data History of Indian Police Service (Official Raj Govt. Page)". Retrieved 26 April 2010.
"Authorised Cadre Strength of the Indian Police Service (as on 01.01.2016)" (PDF). Ministry of Home Affairs. Retrieved 18 September 2017.
"IPS, IAS and IFS: All India Services (Government of India)" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 April 2009. Retrieved 13 April 2009.
^ "Service Profile for Indian Police Service (IPS)" (PDF). Ministry of Home Affairs (India). 23 August 2016.
"Discussion in Constituent Assembly on role of Indian Administrative". Government of India. Retrieved 18 September 2017.
"Save the integrity of the civil service". Retrieved 18 September 2017.
H.N. Bali. "One Who Forged India's Steel Frame". Retrieved 18 September 2017.
^ Shahidullah, Shahid M. Comparative Criminal Justice Systems. Jones & Bartlett Publishers, 2012. ISBN 9781449604257.
^ Bhullar, Colonel (Retd) Pritam (19 July 2015). "A worrisome slide in Army's status". Hindustan Times. Retrieved 8 September 2017.
^ Alexander, K. Police Reforms in India: An Analytical Study. Discovery Publishing House, 2006. ISBN 9788183561280.
"Part XIV of the Constitution of India- Services under the Union and the States - Article 312(2)" (PDF). Ministry of Law and Justice, Government of India. Retrieved 16 August 2017. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
"First woman IPS officer Kiran Bedi seeks voluntary retirement". Economic Times. 27 November 2007.
^ "States reel under huge shortfall of IPS officers". Retrieved 30 December 2016.
"908 posts of IPS officers lying vacant". Retrieved 30 December 2016.
"Duties and Responsibilities of Indian Police Service officers". UPSCguide.com. Archived from the original on 2 January 2010. Retrieved 19 December 2009.
http://mha.nic.in/pdfs/ips_cadre_stren.pdf
"Indian Police Service (IPS) - Civil List 2017". Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India. Retrieved 15 August 2017. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
^ "The Indian Police Service (Pay) Rules, 2016" (PDF). Department of Personnel and Training, Government of India. 23 September 2016. Retrieved 5 September 2017. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
^ "Report of the 7th Central Pay Commission of India" (PDF). Seventh Central Pay Commission, Government of India. Retrieved 13 August 2017. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
"The Delhi Police Act, 1978 (Act No. 34 of 1978)". Delhi Police. 27 August 1978. Retrieved 7 September 2017. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
http://mha1.nic.in/pdfs/ProGuidPAR160410.pdf
http://mha1.nic.in/pdfs/IPS-Guid-190710.pdf
"Why is the colour of the Indian police uniform khaki?". The Times of India. 3 March 2007. Retrieved 11 May 2010.
"Police Ranks" (PDF). Maharashtra Police. Retrieved 14 August 2017. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
"Governance of Kerala Police". Kerala Police. Retrieved 14 August 2017. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
"Police Ranks and Badges". Odisha Police. Retrieved 15 August 2017. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
"Director, Intelligence Bureau's Insignia Equivalent to Armed Forces Generals". Government of India. Retrieved 27 July 2009.
"Police Ranks and Badges". Odisha Police. Retrieved 15 August 2017.
"Police Ranks" (PDF). Maharashtra Police. Retrieved 14 August 2017.
"Governance of Kerala Police". Kerala Police. Retrieved 14 August 2017.
"Failure of governance root cause of crimes against women: Verma committee". The Hindu. 23 January 2013. Retrieved 23 January 2013.
"Read: Highlights of Justice Verma Committee report". CNNIBNLive. 23 January 2013. Retrieved 23 January 2013.
"IPS officer spent 7 years in jail before he busted biggest bribery case". India Today. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
"IPS officer gets 13-year jail term for pilfering seized drug". Daily News and Analysis. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
"Home Ministry set to transfer young IPS officers after charges of 'corruption' and 'dereliction of duty'". Mail Online. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
"Corruption case against IPS officer, 5 held by Vigilance Dept". The Hindu. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
"Booked for job fraud, IPS officer on the run". The Tribune (Chandigarh). Retrieved 3 March 2017.
"2 IPS officers 'compulsorily' retired for not performing". The New Indian Express. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
"MHA terminates services of IPS officer connected to Bhojpur fake encounter". The Indian Express. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
"CBI arrests IPS officer in 2004 Ishrat Jahan fake encounter case". The Telegraph (Calcutta). Retrieved 3 March 2017.
^ "PRAKASH SINGH Case at LIIofIndia.org". Retrieved 12 April 2013.
"Ribeiro Committee". Retrieved 12 April 2013. {{cite web}}: Check |archiveurl= value (help)
"Padmanabhaiah Committee". Archived from the original on 6 March 2013. Retrieved 12 April 2013.
Dutta, Mriganka Shekhar; Marico Baruah (1 January 2008). "POLICING THE NATION IN THE 21ST CENTURY : AN APPRAISAL OF THE PROPOSED REFORMS" (PDF). NUJS Law Review. Retrieved 3 January 2015.
"Prakash Singh Case". Retrieved 12 April 2013.
Prasad, Devika; Caroline Avanzo (5 November 2006). "Seize the opportunity". Chennai, India: The Hindu. Retrieved 12 September 2007.
Strip, Mobius; Ramesh Ramanathan (7 May 2007). "Sohrabbudin's encounter". Live Mint. HT Media Ltd. Retrieved 7 September 2017. {{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
"COMPLIANCE WITH SUPREME COURT DIRECTIVES" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 March 2013. Retrieved 12 April 2013.
"The Supreme Court of India takes the lead on police reform: Prakash Singh vs. Union of India". Archived from the original on 25 September 2009. Retrieved 12 September 2007.
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"SC asks states to file affidavit on police reforms". Hindustan Times. 16 October 2012. Archived from the original on 17 October 2012. Retrieved 16 October 2012.

Notes

The rank of IGP is ranked and equated with the rank of Brigadier / equivalent rank of the Indian Armed Forced as per Warrant of Precedence – 1937, as per Ministry of Home Affairs' directions contained in Letter No 12/11/99-Pub II dated 26 Dec 1966. This Warrant of Precedence is compiled from a joint consideration of the existing Central Warrant of Precedence (which is till the rank of Major General) and Warrant of Precedence – 1937, as per Ministry of Home Affairs' directions contained in Letter No 12/11/99-Pub II dated 26 Dec 1966, the validity of which has been confirmed by Letter No 12/1/2007-Public dated 14 Aug 2007. The MHA has confirmed in 2007 that the Old Warrant of Precedence shall be taken as a guide to determine ranks below the ones mentioned in the current WoP.
Rank insignia of DGP is similar to additional DGP.
Also known as superintendent of police (selection grade)

External links

Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel National Police Academy
"Shortage of IPS officers". Press Information Bureau. Archived from the original on 30 December 2016.

v t e Public Services of India
All India Services	Indian Administrative Service (IAS) Indian Forest Service (IFS) Indian Police Service (IPS)
Central Civil Services	Indian Foreign Service (IFS) Indian Audit and Accounts Service (IAAS) Indian Civil Accounts Service (ICAS) Indian Corporate Law Service (ICLS) Indian Defence Accounts Service (IDAS) Indian Defence Estates Service (IDES) Indian Economic Service (IES) Indian Information Service (IIS) Indian Postal Service (IPoS) Indian Post and Telecommunication Accounts and Finance Service (IPTAFS) Indian Railway Protection Force Service (IRPFS) Indian Railway Management Service (IRMS) Indian Revenue Service (Custom and Indirect Taxes) (IRS-CIT) Indian Revenue Service (Income Tax) (IRS-IT) Delhi, Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Lakshadweep, Daman & Diu and Dadra & Nagar Haveli (Civil) Services (DANICS) Delhi, Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Lakshadweep, Daman & Diu and Dadra & Nagar Haveli (Police) Services (DANIPS) Pondicherry Civil Service (PONDICS) Pondicherry Police Service (PONDIPS)
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States	Andhra Pradesh Assam Bihar Delhi Goa Gujarat Haryana Himachal Pradesh Jammu and Kashmir Jharkhand Karnataka Kerala Ladakh Madhya Pradesh Maharashtra Mizoram Odisha Punjab Rajasthan Tamil Nadu Telangana Uttarakhand Uttar Pradesh West Bengal
Sectors	Agriculture Livestock Fishing Automotive Chemical Construction Defence Education Energy Electricity Nuclear Oil and gas Solar Wind Electronics and semiconductor Entertainment Forestry Gambling Healthcare Hospitals Information technology Media Cinema FM Radio Television Printing Mining Coal Iron and Steel Pharmaceuticals Pulp and paper Retail Science and technology Biotechnology Space Telecommunications Textiles Tourism Transport Aviation Civil Ports Rail Roads Electricity Water Power
Regulator	IRDAI RBI SEBI IBBI PFRDA
Other	NCLT NCLAT BIFR IBBI IBC SARFESI Act Income Tax Act Companies Act Banking Act Insurance Act FEMA Mumbai Consensus

Society and culture

Society	Caste system Corruption Crime Demographics Indians Education Universities in India Medical colleges in India Law colleges in India Engineering colleges in India Ethnic relations Health Languages Life expectancy Literacy Poverty Prisons Religion Socio-economic issues Standard of living Water supply and sanitation Women Sexuality Youth
Culture	Arts and entertainment Architecture Blogging Cinema Comics Webcomics Cuisine wine Dance Dress Folklore Festivals Literature Media television Martial arts Music Painting Physical culture Public holidays Sculpture tallest Sport Traditional

India topics

History

Overviews	Timeline Years Astronomy Clothing Coinage Economics LGBT Linguistics Maritime Mathematics Metallurgy Military Paper currency Postal Science and technology
Ancient	Stone Age Indus Valley Civilisation Vedic period Mahajanapadas Mauryas Yavana Kingdom Achaemenid conquest of the Indus Valley Indo-Parthian Kingdom Kushan Empire Alchon Huns Seleucid–Mauryan war
Middle Kingdoms	Middle kingdoms Chola
Middle Ages	Medieval India Hoysala Pala Kakatiya Delhi Sultanate Vijayanagara
Early Modern	Mughals Marathas European trade Bengal War
Late modern	Colonial Princely state East India Company Plassey 1857 rebellion British Raj Railways Economy Army Commander-in-Chief Zamindari Bengal Renaissance Political reforms Partition of Bengal Independence movement 1943 famine World War II Partition
Republic	Integration Non-Aligned Movement Five-Year Plans Sino-Indian War Indo-Pakistani wars Green Revolution White Revolution Naxal Insurgency Smiling Buddha Space programme The Emergency Indian Peace Keeping Force (IPKF)
Contemporary	History of India (1947–present) Economic liberalisation Pokhran-II COVID-19 pandemic

Geography

Geology	Fossil Parks Geology of India Indian Plate
Heritage	National Geological Monuments of India Sacred groves of India Sacred mountains of India Sacred rivers of India Stones of India
Environment	Biogeographic classification Biosphere reserves Climate Climate change Earthquakes Ecoregions Environmental issues Fauna Forests Flora Geology National parks Protected areas Wildlife sanctuaries
Landforms	Beaches Canals Coasts Desert ECZ Extreme points Glaciers Highest point by states Islands Lakes Mountains Mountain passes Plains Indo-Gangetic Eastern coastal Western coastal Rivers Valleys Volcanoes Waterfalls
Regions	Central East North Northwest Northeast South Southwest Southeast West
Subdivisions	Autonomous administrative divisions Borders Towns Cities Districts Municipalities States and union territories
See also	National monuments of India National parks of India Nature worship in Indian-origin religions World Heritage Sites in India Culture of India History of India Tourism in India

Federal	Border Security Force (BSF) Central Industrial Security Force (CISF) Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF) Indo-Tibetan Border Police (ITBP) National Security Guard (NSG) Railway Protection Force (RPF) Sashastra Seema Bal (SSB) Special Protection Group (SPG)
Intelligence	Bureau of Police Research and Development (BPR&D) Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) Directorate of Revenue Intelligence (DRI) Enforcement Directorate (ED) Intelligence Bureau (IB) Joint Intelligence Committee (JIC) Narcotics Control Bureau (NCB) National Investigation Agency (NIA) Research and Analysis Wing (R&AW)

Military

Politics

Economy

Companies	BSE SENSEX NIFTY 50
Governance	Ministry of Finance Finance ministers Ministry of Commerce and Industry Finance Commission Economic Advisory Council Central Statistical Office Securities and Exchange Board of India Enforcement Directorate External debt Foreign trade Foreign direct investment Foreign exchange reserves Remittances Taxation Subsidies Industrial licensing Voluntary guidelines NITI Aayog Make in India Atmanirbhar Bharat
Currency	Indian rupee Sign History Historical Forex Digital rupee Coinage Paisa Reserve Bank of India Governor Mint Inflation
Financial services	Banking Insurance Multi Commodity Exchange Bullion Black money Bombay National
History	COVID-19 impact Economic development Liberalisation Licence Raj Green revolution Government initiatives Numbering system
People	By net worth Demography Income Poverty Labour law Pensions EPFO NPS PPF
States	Andhra Pradesh Assam Bihar Delhi Goa Gujarat Haryana Himachal Pradesh Jammu and Kashmir Jharkhand Karnataka Kerala Ladakh Madhya Pradesh Maharashtra Mizoram Odisha Punjab Rajasthan Tamil Nadu Telangana Uttarakhand Uttar Pradesh West Bengal
Sectors	Agriculture Livestock Fishing Automotive Chemical Construction Defence Education Energy Electricity Nuclear Oil and gas Solar Wind Electronics and semiconductor Entertainment Forestry Gambling Healthcare Hospitals Information technology Media Cinema FM Radio Television Printing Mining Coal Iron and Steel Pharmaceuticals Pulp and paper Retail Science and technology Biotechnology Space Telecommunications Textiles Tourism Transport Aviation Civil Ports Rail Roads Electricity Water Power
Regulator	IRDAI RBI SEBI IBBI PFRDA
Other	NCLT NCLAT BIFR IBBI IBC SARFESI Act Income Tax Act Companies Act Banking Act Insurance Act FEMA Mumbai Consensus

Society and culture

Society	Caste system Corruption Crime Demographics Indians Education Universities in India Medical colleges in India Law colleges in India Engineering colleges in India Ethnic relations Health Languages Life expectancy Literacy Poverty Prisons Religion Socio-economic issues Standard of living Water supply and sanitation Women Sexuality Youth
Culture	Arts and entertainment Architecture Blogging Cinema Comics Webcomics Cuisine wine Dance Dress Folklore Festivals Literature Media television Martial arts Music Painting Physical culture Public holidays Sculpture tallest Sport Traditional

Law enforcement in India

Law of India

Constitution	Amendments Basic structure Directive Principles Fundamental Duties Fundamental Rights Judicial Review
Criminal	Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam Capital Punishment Cognisable offence
Civil and Personal	Code of Civil Procedure Modern Hindu law Christian Personal law Muslim Personal Law
Historic	Code of Criminal Procedure Hindu Personal Law History of Indian law Indian Penal Code

Judiciary

Ministries & departments

Central	Law Commission Ministry of Home Affairs Ministry of Law and Justice
States	Bihar Kerala Maharashtra Tamil Nadu Uttar Pradesh West Bengal

Crimes

Against children
Against women
Caste related
Corruption
Human rights
Mass surveillance
Rape
Suicide
Organised
- Drugs
- Black money
- Hawala
- Paid media
- Scandals
Terrorism

Records and tracking	National Crime Records Bureau Crime and Criminal Tracking Network and Systems

Intelligence agencies

Investigation agencies

Police

Police service

Research and Training

Central agencies

Union territories	Andaman and Nicobar Chandigarh Delhi Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu Jammu and Kashmir Ladakh Lakshadweep Puducherry

States

Armed and tactical units	Anti-Terrorism Squad Counter Insurgency Force Eastern Frontier Rifles Force One Greyhounds Kerala Thunderbolts Mizoram Armed Police Punjab Police SWAT Team Special Operations Group (Jammu and Kashmir) Special Operation Group (Odisha) Special Tactical Unit Uttar Pradesh Provincial Armed Constabulary Uttarakhand Provincial Armed Constabulary

Bar

v t e Indian Intelligence Agencies
National Security Council	National Security Council National Security Advisor Joint Intelligence Committee National Technical Research Organisation
Internal security	Intelligence Bureau Central Bureau of Investigation National Investigation Agency All India Radio Monitoring Service Narcotics Control Bureau
External intelligence	Research and Analysis Wing Aviation Research Centre Radio Research Centre Electronics and Technical Services
Defence intelligence	Defence Intelligence Agency Directorate of Military Intelligence Directorate of Naval Intelligence Directorate of Air Intelligence Image Processing and Analysis Centre Directorate of Signals Intelligence Joint Cipher Bureau Information Management and Analysis Centre
Economic intelligence	Economic Intelligence Council Central Economic Intelligence Bureau Directorate of Revenue Intelligence Directorate General of Income Tax Investigation Directorate General of Economic Enforcement
Intelligence Co-ordination	Multi Agency Centre (MAC) Indian Cyber Crime Coordination Centre (I4C)

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Dependencies and other territories	British Indian Ocean Territory Christmas Island Cocos (Keeling) Islands Hong Kong Macau
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