| Revision as of 02:34, 16 October 2021 editSammy D III (talk | contribs)Autopatrolled, Extended confirmed users5,862 editsNo edit summaryTag: Reverted← Previous edit | Latest revision as of 11:05, 18 October 2021 edit undoSammy D III (talk | contribs)Autopatrolled, Extended confirmed users5,862 edits ←Blanked the pageTags: Blanking Manual revert | ||
| (One intermediate revision by one other user not shown) | |||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
| == The early years == | |||
| By 1915 the US military was using trucks, for World War I it began purchasing in large numbers. Early trucks were often designed for both military and commercial use, later military-specific designs were built. Since 1940 the US military has ordered over 3,000,000 tactical trucks. | |||
| The "ton" (907 kg) weight ratings are the payload of a basic cargo version of the truck, not of the individual version. | |||
| The "wheel arrangement" designation is the number of wheels x the number of driven wheels. There are two wheels per axle, dual tires are counted as one wheel. Some series have both single and dual tire models. | |||
| "Total built" usually includes for US forces and any export orders. | |||
| {| class="wikitable" | |||
| ! style="width: 120px;"|Name and type<ref name=cri>{{harvp|Crismon|2001}}</ref> !! !! style="width: 75px;"|Build years !! style="width: 60px;"|Total built !! style="width: 250px;"|Notes | |||
| |- | |||
| |]<br>{{Frac|1|2}}-ton 4x2 || ] ||1918 ||1,012 || Light repair truck for vehicles | |||
| |- | |||
| |White<br>{{frac|1|1|2}}-ton 4x2|| ] ||1917-1919|| || | |||
| |- | |||
| |]{{refn|group=lower-alpha|Also built by Hudson, Nash, National, and Paige-Detroit}}<br>2-ton 4x4|| ] || 1913-1928||11,500+ | |||
| || | |||
| |- | |||
| |]<br>3-ton 4x2|| ] ||1917-1918||9,452||built by 15 different manufacturers | |||
| |- | |||
| |]{{refn|group=lower-alpha|Also built by Mitchel, Kissel, and Preimer.}}<br>3-ton 4x4|| ] ||1912-1920+||16,000+||Wide range of bodies | |||
| |- | |||
| |Ordnance standard<br>3-ton 4x4|| ] ||1918||150?|| | |||
| |- | |||
| |Ford / ]{{refn|group=lower-alpha|Modified with driven front axle by Marmon-Herrington.}}<br>{{frac|1|2}}-ton 4x4 || ] ||1939 ||Prototypes only ||Light repair truck | |||
| |- | |||
| |Dodge<br>{{frac|1|1|2}}-ton 4x4|| ] || 1939-1940|| ||Wide range of bodies | |||
| |- | |||
| |FWD<br>2-ton 4x4 || ||1930||100+||Cargo and tank models | |||
| |- | |||
| |Indiana 16x4<br>{{frac|2|1|2}}-ton 4x4 || ||1934-1935|| | |||
| ||Open and closed cabs | |||
| |} | |||
| == World War II == | |||
| In 1939-1940 the ] was developing a complete line of tactical trucks that could operate off-road in all weather. These would be standardized and used in World War II. | |||
| {| class="wikitable" | |||
| ! style="width: 120px;"|Name and type !! !! style="width: 75px;"|Build years !! style="width: 60px;"|Total built !! style="width: 250px;"|Notes | |||
| |- | |||
| |]<br>{{frac|1|4}}-ton 4x4 || ] ||1941-1945||639,000+||Also built by Ford as GPW<br>First "jeep" in the current meaning of the word | |||
| |- | |||
| |]<br>{{frac|1|2}}-{{frac|3|4}} ton 4x4 || ] ||1941-1945||255,000+||10+ bodies | |||
| |- | |||
| |]<br>{{frac|1|1|2}}-ton 4x4 || ] ||1940-1945||168,603||15 bodies | |||
| |- | |||
| |]{{refn|group=lower-alpha|name=ch|Also built by Chevrolet}}<br>{{frac|2|1|2}}-ton 6x6 || ] ||1941-1945||562,750||12+ bodies<br>"Deuce and a Half", "Jimmy". | |||
| |- | |||
| |]{{refn|group=lower-alpha|name=ch}}<br>{{frac|2|1|2}}-ton 6x6 || ] ||1942-1945||21,147||Amphibious version of CCKW<br>"Duck" | |||
| |- | |||
| |]{{refn|group=lower-alpha|Also built by REO.}}<br>{{frac|2|1|2}}-ton 6x6 || ] ||1941-1945||219,882||8 bodies | |||
| |- | |||
| |]<br>4-ton 6x6 || ] ||1940-1945||30,000||Cargo, dump, wrecker<br>and specialty bodies | |||
| |- | |||
| |]<br>5-6 ton 4x4|| ] || 1941-1945||2,711||Semi-tractor for ]s | |||
| |- | |||
| |]<br>5-6 ton 4x4|| ] || 1941-1942||692||Semi-tractor for pontoon bridges | |||
| |- | |||
| |]{{refn|group=lower-alpha|Also built by Corbitt (designer), FWD, Ward LaFrance, and White}}<br>6-ton 6x6 || ] ||1941-1945||219,882||Bridge, crane, cargo fire, van<br>and others by 5 manufacturers | |||
| |- | |||
| |]<br>6-ton 6x6|| [[File:Mack NM.2.jpg|110px || 1940-1944||8,400+||Prime mover cargo truck | |||
| |- | |||
| |]<br>{{frac|7|1|2}}-ton 6x6|| ] ||1943-1945||2,050||Prime mover cargo truck | |||
| |- | |||
| |] || ] ||1941-1945||5,765||Standard heavy wrecker during WWII<br>Built by Ward LaFrance and Kenworth. | |||
| |- | |||
| |]<br>12-ton 6x4 || ] ||1941-1945||6,554||Tractor for M19 Tank Transporter | |||
| |- | |||
| | ]<br>12-ton 6x6 || ] ||1943-1945|| 1,372 ||Semi-tractor for M25 Tank Transporter<br>"Dragon Wagon" | |||
| |} | |||
| == 1950 == | |||
| In 1950 the next generation of tactical trucks were being developed. Sizes were rationalized, with {{frac|1|4}} and {{frac|3|4}}-ton 4x4s and ], ], and 10-ton 6x6s. Trucks were military standard designs, 6x6 trucks used common cabs and similar fender and hood styles.{{sfnp|Ware|2014|pp=66-67}} | |||
| {| class="wikitable" | |||
| ! style="width: 120px;"|Name and type !! !!style="width: 75px;"|Build years !! style="width: 60px;"|Total built !! style="width: 250px;"|Notes | |||
| |- | |||
| |]<br>{{frac|1|4}}-ton 4x4 || ] ||1959-1962||3,992||USMC lightweight utility truck<br>"Mighty Mite" | |||
| |- | |||
| |]<br>{{frac|1|4}}-ton 4x4 || ]||1952-1971|| ||Light utility truck<br>"Jeep" | |||
| |- | |||
| |M274<br>{{frac|1|2}}-ton 4x4|| ] ||1959||USMC Platform utility truck<br>"Mule" | |||
| |- | |||
| |]<br>{{frac|3|4}}-ton 4x4|| ] ||1951-1968||136,220||10 bodies<br>"Power Wagon" | |||
| |- | |||
| |]<br>{{frac|2|1|2}}-ton 6x6|| ] ||1950-1988||173,700{{refn|group=lower-alpha|Includes all built by 10 manufacturers.}}||8+ bodies by 6 manufactures | |||
| |- | |||
| |]<br>5-ton 6x6|| ] ||1951-1965||156,900{{refn|group=lower-alpha|Includes International Harvester, Diamond T, Kaiser Jeep, and Mack built.}}||Cargo, dump, tractor, van, wrecker, and others. | |||
| |- | |||
| |]<br>10-ton 6x6|| ] ||1955-1969||4,132||semi-tractor for tank transporter<br>prime mover cargo truck | |||
| |- | |||
| |]<br>{{frac|1|4}}-ton 4x4|| ] ||1960-1988||103,700{{refn|group=lower-alpha|Includes Ford and Willys/Kaiser Jeep/AM General built.}} ||{{frac|1|4}}-ton utility jeep | |||
| |- | |||
| |]<br>{{frac|1|1|4}}-ton 4x4|| ] ||1967-1969||30,553||Ambulance, cargo, utility bodies<br>(Modified Jeep ] truck) | |||
| |- | |||
| |]<br>{{frac|1|1|4}}-ton 6x6|| ] ||1968||14,274||Cargo and ambulance bodies<br>"Gamma Goat" | |||
| |- | |||
| |]<br>5-ton 8x8|| ] ||1968-1969|| ||3 bodies for ] | |||
| |- | |||
| |]<<br>{{frac|1|1|4}}-ton 4x4|| ] ||1975-1976||44,027||Ambulance, cargo, utility bodies<br>(Modified ] trucks) | |||
| |- | |||
| |]<br>5-ton 6x6|| ] ||1970-1982||38,800||Cargo, dump, tractor, van, wrecker, and others | |||
| |- | |||
| |]<br>8-ton 4x4|| ] ||1972{{refn|group=lower-alpha|Pre-production models tested<br>in Germany and Vietnam from 1962}}-1976||1300{{refn|group=lower-alpha|Does not include pre-production vehicles.}}||Cargo, tank and wrecker bodies<br>Fully amphibious - "Goer" | |||
| |- | |||
| |]<br>14-ton{{refn|group=lower-alpha|Up to 20-ton.}} 6x4{{refn|group=lower-alpha|Also 6x6 and 8x6}}|| ] ||1978-1982||9,505||Tractor, dump, tank, mixer<br>AM General/CCC models | |||
| |- | |||
| | M911 C-MET{{refn|group=lower-alpha|Commercial Heavy Equipment Transporter}}<br>Heavy 8x6|| ] ||1977|| ||Semi-tractor for tank transporter<br>(Modified Oshkosh F2365 truck) | |||
| |} | |||
| == 1980 == | |||
| In the 1980s truck series began to be named from the initials of the truck type and are widely known by these names. | |||
| {| class="wikitable" | |||
| ! style="width: 120px;"|Name and type !! !! style="width: 75px;"|Build years !! style="width: 60px;"|Total built !! style="width: 250px;"|Notes | |||
| |- | |||
| |]{{refn|group=lower-alpha|Commercial Utility Cargo Vehicle}} M1008<br>{{frac|1|1|4}}-ton 4x4|| ] ||1983-1986|| 70,889 ||Ambulance, cargo, utility bodies<br>(Modified ] trucks) | |||
| |- | |||
| |]{{refn|group=lower-alpha|High Mobility Multipurpose Wheeled Vehicle}} M998<br>{{frac|1|1|2}}-ton 4x4|| ] ||1983–present|| ||Utility, ambulance, shelter-carrier | |||
| |- | |||
| |]<br>5-ton 6x6|| ] ||1982-1987||44,590{{refn|group=lower-alpha|Includes AM General and Bowen-McLaughlin-York built.}}||Cargo, dump, semi-tractor, van, wrecker, and others | |||
| |- | |||
| |]{{refn|group=lower-alpha|Heavy Expanded Mobility Tactical Truck}} M977<br>10-ton 8x8|| ] ||1982–present||962||Cargo, semi-tractor, tanker, wrecker | |||
| |- | |||
| |]{{refn|group=lower-alpha|Light Medium Tactical Vehicle}} M1078<br>{{frac|2|1|2}}-ton 4x4|| ] ||1991–present|| ||Cargo, van, and chassis for specialty bodies | |||
| |- | |||
| |]{{refn|group=lower-alpha|Medium Tactical Vehicle}} M1083<br>5-ton 6x6|| ] ||2005–present|| ||Cargo, dump, semi-tractor, tanker, wrecker, and others | |||
| |- | |||
| |]<br>15-ton{{refn|group=lower-alpha|Also {{frac|18|1|2}} and 20-ton}} 6x4{{refn|group=lower-alpha|Also 6x6}}|| ] ||1990–present||||Tractor, dump<br>Freightliner models | |||
| |- | |||
| |]{{refn|group=lower-alpha|Heavy Equipment Transporter}} M1070<br>Heavy 8x8|| ] ||1993–present||2,033||Semi-tractor for tank transporter<br>Designed and built by Oshkosh | |||
| |- | |||
| |]{{refn|group=lower-alpha|Navistar F7400 SFA 6x6 }}<br>HD 6x6|| ] ||2005-||9,500+||For export<br>(modified ]) | |||
| |- | |||
| |]{{refn|group=lower-alpha|Medium Tactical Vehicle Replacement}}<br>7-ton 6x6|| ] ||1999|| ||Cargo, dump, wrecker<br>Used only by USMC | |||
| |- | |||
| |]{{refn|group=lower-alpha|Logistic Vehicle System Replacement}}<br>Heavy 10x10|| ] ||2009||1,500+||Cargo, tractor, wrecker<br>Used only by USMC | |||
| |} | |||
| == See also == | |||
| {{Commons category|Military trucks of the United States}} | |||
| * ] | |||
| * ] | |||
| == Notes == | |||
| {{reflist|group=lower-alpha|2}} | |||
| == References == | |||
| {{reflist|2}} | |||
| * {{cite book|last=Crismon|first=Fred W|title=US Military Wheeled Vehicles |edition=3|year=2001|publisher=Victory WWII Pub.|isbn=0-970056-71-0}} | |||
| * {{cite book|last=Doyle|first=David|title=Standard catalog of U.S. Military Vehicles|year=2003|publisher=Krause Publications|isbn=0-87349-508-X}} | |||
| * {{cite book|last=Ware|first=Pat|title=The Illustrated Guide to Military Vehicles |year=2014|publisher=Hermes House|isbn=978-1-78214-192-1}} | |||
| * {{cite book|url=https://archive.org/download/handbookordnanc00unkngoog/handbookordnanc00unkngoog.pdf|title=Handbook of Ordnance Data|publisher=US War Dept.|date=1919|pages=362–379|access-date=18 Mar 2020}} | |||
| * {{cite book|url= https://www.forecastinternational.com/archive/disp_pdf.cfm?DACH_RECNO=407|title=Military Vehicles Forecast: United States Tactical Vehicles| publisher=Forecast International|date=2003|access-date=9 Mar 2019}} | |||
| * {{cite book|url=http://cgsc.cdmhost.com/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p4013coll11/id/879|title=Standard Military Vehicle Data Sheets|publisher=Ordnance Tank Automotive Cmd.|date=1959|access-date=14 Dec 2016|archive-date=10 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141210025545/http://cgsc.cdmhost.com/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p4013coll11/id/879|url-status=dead}} | |||
| * {{cite book|url=http://www.radionerds.com/index.php/File:TM_9-500.pdf|title=TM 9-500 Data Sheets for Ordnance Type Material| publisher=US Dept. of the Army|date=1962|access-date=23 Apr 2018}} | |||
| * {{cite book|url=https://sd3624203692.files.wordpress.com/2019/06/tm9-2800-veh-43.pdf|title=TM 9-2800 Standard Military Motor Vehicles|publisher=US War Dept.|date=1943|access-date=18 Mar 2020}} | |||
| * {{cite book|url=https://sd3624203692.files.wordpress.com/2019/06/tm9-2800-veh-47.pdf|title=TM 9-2800 Military Vehicles|publisher=US Dept. of the Army|date=1947|access-date=18 Mar 2020}} | |||
| * {{cite book|url=https://sd3624203692.files.wordpress.com/2019/06/tm9-2800-veh-53.pdf|title=TM 9-2800 Military Vehicles|publisher=US Dept. of the Army|date=1953|access-date=18 Mar 2020}} | |||
| == Further reading == | |||
| * {{cite book|last=Vanderveen|first=Bart|title=A record of military Macks in the Services and beyond|year=1998|publisher=After the Battle|isbn=1-870067-09-6}} | |||
| {{US military utility vehicles|state=collapsed}} | |||
| ] | |||