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{{Automatic taxobox |
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{{Automatic taxobox |
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| fossil_range = ] (early ]), {{fossilrange|93.5|92.0}} |
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| fossil_range = ] (early ]), {{fossilrange|93.5|92.0}} |
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| image = |
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| image = Scalamagnus_tropicensis.jpg |
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| image_caption = |
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| image_caption = Life restoration |
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| display_parents = 2 |
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| taxon = Scalamagnus |
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| taxon = Scalamagnus |
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| authority = Clark, O’Keefe & Slack, ] |
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| authority = Clark, O'Keefe & Slack, ] |
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| type_species = {{extinct}}'''''Scalamagnus tropicensis''''' |
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| type_species = {{extinct}}'''''Scalamagnus tropicensis''''' |
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| type_species_authority = Clark, O’Keefe & Slack, 2023 |
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| type_species_authority = Schmeisser McKean, ] |
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| synonyms = *''] tropicensis'' <br/>{{small|(Schmeisser McKean, 2012)}} |
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| synonyms = |
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*''] tropicensis'' <br/>{{small|(McKean, ])}} |
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'''''Scalamagnus''''' is an ] genus of ] plesiosaur from the ] ] of the United States. The genus contains a ] '''''S. tropicensis''''', known from a skull and two partial skeletons. ''Scalamagnus'' was historically considered to represent a species of the genus '']'' before it was moved to its own genus.<ref name=Scalamagnus>{{Cite journal |last1=Clark |first1=Robert O. |last2=O’Keefe |first2=F. Robin |last3=Slack |first3=Sara E. |date=2023-12-24 |title=A new genus of small polycotylid plesiosaur from the Upper Cretaceous of the Western Interior Seaway and a clarification of the genus ''Dolichorhynchops'' |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0195667123003403 |journal=] |pages=105812 |doi=10.1016/j.cretres.2023.105812 |issn=0195-6671}}</ref> |
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'''''Scalamagnus''''' is an ] genus of ] plesiosaur from the ] ] of the United States. The genus contains a ] '''''S. tropicensis''''', known from a skull and two partial skeletons. ''Scalamagnus'' was historically considered to represent a species of the genus '']'' before it was moved to its own genus.<ref name=Scalamagnus>{{Cite journal |last1=Clark |first1=Robert O. |last2=O'Keefe |first2=F. Robin |last3=Slack |first3=Sara E. |date=2023-12-24 |title=A new genus of small polycotylid plesiosaur from the Upper Cretaceous of the Western Interior Seaway and a clarification of the genus ''Dolichorhynchops'' |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0195667123003403 |journal=] |volume=157 |pages=105812 |doi=10.1016/j.cretres.2023.105812 |issn=0195-6671}}</ref> |
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==History== |
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==History== |
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The taxon was first named as a species of '']'' by Rebecca Schmeisser McKean in ]. The ] is derived from the name of the ], in which the two specimens were found. It is known from the ] ] V10046, an almost complete, well-preserved {{convert|3.2|m|ft}} long ] including most of the ] and from the referred specimen MNA V9431, fragmentary ]l elements. It was collected between 2003 and 2005 by the ] from a single locality within the Tropic Shale of ], dating to the early ] stage of the early ], about 93.5-91 ]. ''D. tropicensis'' extended the known stratigraphic range for ''Dolichorhynchops'' back by approximately 7 million years.<ref name=D.tropicensis>{{cite journal |
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| last = Schmeisser McKean | first = Rebecca |
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''D. tropicensis'' was first named by Rebecca Schmeisser McKean in ]. The ] is derived from the name of the ], in which the two specimens of ''D. tropicensis'' were found. It is known from the ] ] V10046, an almost complete, well-preserved {{convert|3.2|m|ft|1}} long ] including the most of the ] and from the referred specimen MNA V9431, fragmentary ]l elements. It was collected by the ] from a single locality within the Tropic Shale of ], dating to the early ] stage of the early ], about 93.5-91 ]. ''D. tropicensis'' extends the known stratigraphic range for ''Dolichorhynchops'' back by approximately 7 million years.<ref name=D.tropicensis>{{Harvnb|Schmeisser McKean|2011}}</ref> Previously three additional polycotylid taxa, '']'', '']'' and '']'', have been named from the same formation, two of which are currently ] to the ].<ref name="Albright, 2007">{{Harvnb|Albright III|Gillette|Titus|2007b}}</ref> A 2023 study assigns ''D. tropicensis'' to a new genus, ''Scalamagnus''.<ref name=Martinectes /> |
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| year = 2012 |
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| title = A new species of polycotylid plesiosaur (Reptilia: Sauropterygia) from the Lower Turonian of Utah: extending the stratigraphic range of ''Dolichorhynchops'' |
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| journal = Cretaceous Research |volume=34 |pages= 184–199|doi=10.1016/j.cretres.2011.10.017 |
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| bibcode = 2012CrRes..34..184S |
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}}</ref> Previously three additional polycotylid taxa, '']'', '']'' and '']'', have been named from the same formation, two of which are currently ] to the ].<ref name="Albright, 2007">{{Cite journal |
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|last1=Albright III |
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|first1=L. B. |
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|last2=Gillette |
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|first2=D. D. |
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|last3=Titus |
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|first3=A. L. |
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|year=2007b |
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|url=http://www.plesiosaur.com/database/pdf/albrightetal_2007_part2.pdf |
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|title=Plesiosaurs from the Upper Cretaceous (Cenomanian-Turonian) Tropic Shale of southern Utah, part 2: polycotylidae |
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|journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |
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|volume=27 |
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|issue=1 |
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|pages=41–58 |
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|doi=10.1671/0272-4634(2007)272.0.CO;2 |
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|s2cid=130268187 |
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|url-status=dead |
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|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928220523/http://www.plesiosaur.com/database/pdf/albrightetal_2007_part2.pdf |
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|archive-date=2011-09-28 |
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}}</ref> A 2023 study assigns ''D. tropicensis'' to a new genus, ''Scalamagnus''. The generic name is a combination of the ] ''scala'', "staircase", and ''magnus'', "large", referring to the ].<ref name=Scalamagnus /> |
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== Classification == |
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== Classification == |
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Clark, O’Keefe & Slack (2023) recovered ''Scalamagnus'' as a ] member of the plesiosaur clade ], as the ] to the clade formed by '']'' and the ] within the ]. The results of their ] are shown in the ] below:<ref name=Scalamagnus/> |
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Clark, O'Keefe & Slack (2023) recovered ''Scalamagnus'' as a ] member of the plesiosaur clade ], as the ] to the clade formed by '']'' and the ] within the ]. The results of their ] are shown in the ] below:<ref name=Scalamagnus/> |
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{{clade |
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{{clade |
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|1={{clade |
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|1={{clade |
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|1='']'' |
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|1='']'' |
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|2=] 29010 {{small|(] polycotyline)}}<ref name=SatoEtAl2011>{{Cite journal |last1=Sato |first1=Tamaki |last2=Wu |first2=Xiao-Chun |last3=Tirabasso |first3=Alex |last4=Bloskie |first4=Paul |date=2011-03-17 |title=Braincase of a polycotylid plesiosaur (Reptilia: Sauropterygia) from the Upper Cretaceous of Manitoba, Canada |journal=] |language=en |volume=31 |issue=2 |pages=313–329 |doi=10.1080/02724634.2011.550358 |issn=0272-4634}}</ref> }} |
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|2=] 29010 {{small|(] polycotyline)}}<ref name=SatoEtAl2011>{{Cite journal |last1=Sato |first1=Tamaki |last2=Wu |first2=Xiao-Chun |last3=Tirabasso |first3=Alex |last4=Bloskie |first4=Paul |date=2011-03-17 |title=Braincase of a polycotylid plesiosaur (Reptilia: Sauropterygia) from the Upper Cretaceous of Manitoba, Canada |journal=] |language=en |volume=31 |issue=2 |pages=313–329 |doi=10.1080/02724634.2011.550358 |bibcode=2011JVPal..31..313S |issn=0272-4634}}</ref> }} |
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|3={{clade |
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|3={{clade |
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|1='']'' |
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|1='']'' |
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