East Aleppo offensive (2024–present): Difference between revisions

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	{{Short description\|SDF operation against Syrian National Army in ~~Syria~~}}		{{Short description\|SDF operation against Syrian National Army in eastern Aleppo Governorate}}
			{{pp-protected\|small=yes}}
	{{Use dmy dates\|date=~~December~~ ~~2024~~}}		{{Use dmy dates\|date=January 2025}}
	{{Infobox military conflict		{{Infobox military conflict
	\| conflict = East Aleppo offensive ~~(2024)~~		\| conflict = 2024 East Aleppo offensive
	\| width =
	\| partof = ] and ]		\| partof = ] and ]
	\| image =		\| image = ManbijDecember.png
	\| ~~image_size~~ =		\| caption = Territorial control in Manbij
		⚫	\| date = 23 December 2024 – present <br>({{Age in months, weeks and days\|year1=2024\|month1=12\|day1=23}})
	\| alt =
	\| caption =
⚫	\| date = 23 December 2024 – present<br>({{Age in months, weeks and days\|year1=2024\|month1=12\|day1=23}})
	\| place = East ], ]		\| place = East ], ]
	\| coordinates = <!--Use the {{coord}} template -->		\| coordinates = <!--Use the {{coord}} template -->
			\| territory = SDF secures the ] and captures several villages southeast of ]<ref>{{cite web \|last1=Kishore \|first1=Siddhant \|last2=Moorman \|first2=Carolyn \|last3=Braverman \|first3=Alexandra \|last4=Parry \|first4=Andie \|last5=Reddy \|first5=Ria\|last6=Campa \|first6=Kelly \|last7=Rezaei \|first7=Ben \|last8=Borens \|first8=Avery \|last9=Carter \|first9=Brian \|date=26 December 2024 \|title=Iran Update, December 26, 2024\|url=https://www.understandingwar.org/backgrounder/iran-update-december-26-2024\|access-date=3 January 2025\|work=Institute for the Study of War}}</ref>
	\| map_type =
	\| map_relief =
	\| map_size =
	\| map_marksize =
	\| map_caption =
	\| map_label =
	\| territory =
	\| result =		\| result =
	\| status = Ongoing		\| status = Ongoing
			* Several attempts by SNA to recapture the ] fail<ref>{{cite web \|url=https://hawarnews.com/en/manbij-council-fighters-repel-turkish-occupation-attacks-on-tishrin-villages \|title=Manbij Council fighters repel Turkish occupation attacks on Tishrin villages \|website=Hawar News Agency \|publisher=Hawar News Agency \|date=28 December 2024 \|access-date=28 December 2024}}</ref>
	\| combatant1 = {{flag\|Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria}}		\| combatant1 = {{flag\|Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria}}
			\| combatant2 = {{flagicon image\|Flag of the Syrian revolution.svg}} ''']'''<br />{{flag\|Turkey}}<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://www.syriahr.com/en/352371/\|title=Manbij {{!}} Exchange of bombardment between SDF and Turkish forces leaves several civilians injured\|publisher=SOHR\|date=28 December 2024\|access-date=3 January 2025\|language=en-US}}</ref>
⚫	\| ~~combatant2~~ = {{flagicon\|Syrian ~~opposition~~}} ]
			\| commander1 = {{flagicon image\|Flag_of_Syrian_Democratic_Forces.svg}} ]<br />{{flagicon image\|Flag_of_Syrian_Democratic_Forces.svg}} ]<br />{{flagicon image\|Infobox Manbij Military Council flag.png}} Shervan Derwish<br />{{flagicon image\|Infobox Manbij Military Council flag.png}} Dilsuz Hashme<br />{{flagicon image\|People's Protection Units Flag.svg\|border=no}} ]<br />{{flagicon image\|YPJ Flag.svg}} ]
	\| commander1 =
			\| commander2 = {{flagicon image\|Flag of the Syrian revolution.svg}} ]<br />{{flagicon image\|Flag of the Syrian revolution.svg}} Adnan al-Ahmad<br />{{flagicon image\|Flag of the Syrian revolution.svg}} Munir Hajak{{KIA}}<ref name="4Jan25"/><br />{{flagicon image\|Sultan Murat Tümeni Flag.svg}} Ahmed Othman<br />{{flagicon image\|Flag of Turkish Land Forces Command.svg}} ]<br />{{flagicon image\|Flag of Turkish Air Force Command.svg}} ]
	\| commander2 =
	\| units1 = {{flagicon image\|Flag_of_Syrian_Democratic_Forces.svg}} ]		\| units1 = {{flagicon image\|Flag_of_Syrian_Democratic_Forces.svg}} ]
	*]		* {{flagicon image\|Infobox Manbij Military Council flag.png}} ]
			* {{flagicon image\|People's Protection Units Flag.svg\|border=no}} ]
	\| units2 = {{flagicon\|Syrian opposition}} ]
			* {{flagicon image\|YPJ Flag.svg}} ]
	\| strength1 =
		⚫	\| units2 = {{flagicon image\|Flag of the Syrian revolution.svg}} ]
	\| strength2 =
			* {{flagicon image\|Sultan Murat Tümeni Flag.svg}} ]<ref name="4Jan25"/>
	\| casualties1 =
			{{flagdeco\|Turkey}} ]
	\| casualties2 =
			* {{flagicon image\|Flag of Turkish Land Forces Command.svg}} ]
	\| casualties3 =
			* {{flagicon image\|Flag of Turkish Air Force Command.svg}} ]
	\| notes =
			\| casualties1 = {{flagicon image\|Flag_of_Syrian_Democratic_Forces.svg}} 75 killed (since 12 December 2024)<ref name="auto5">{{Cite web\|url=https://www.syriahr.com/en/354327/\|title=The number of fatalities since beginning of military escalation reaches 474 {{!}} Ten militiamen killed and wounded in clashes near Teshreen dam\|date=23 January 2025\|work=])}}</ref><br>{{flagicon image\|Flag_of_Syrian_Democratic_Forces.svg}} 13 wounded<ref name="SOHR">{{cite web\|url=https://www.syriahr.com/en/352994/\|title=Military escalation {{!}} Turkish drone attacks vehicle in eastern Tishreen dam and house in Sarrin town in Ain Al-Arab countryside\|work=]\|date= 5 January 2025}}</ref><ref name="auto6">{{cite web\|url=https://www.syriahr.com/en/353141/\|title=Renewed clashes {{!}} Fierce clashes between SDF and Turkish-backed factions on Teshreen dam frontline leave four combatants dead and wounded\|work= ]\|date= 7 January 2025}}</ref><ref name="auto11">{{cite web\|url=https://www.syriahr.com/en/352609/\|title=Ground and aerial escalation {{!}} Ten members of "Al-Asayish" killed and injured on a checkpoint in Aleppo\|work=]\|date= 31 December 2024}}</ref><br />'''SDF Claim:'''<br />{{flagicon image\|Flag_of_Syrian_Democratic_Forces.svg}} 81 killed or wounded (as of 13 January 2025)<ref name="auto1">{{cite web \|url=https://hawarnews.com/en/over-course-of-38-days-what-are-the-official-statistics-of-battles-in-nesyria \|title=Over Course of 38 Days: What Are the Official Statistics of Battles in NE Syria? \|website=Hawar News \|access-date=15 January 2025}}</ref>
			\| casualties2 = {{flagicon image\|Flag of the Syrian revolution.svg}} 348 killed (since 12 December 2024)<ref name="auto5"/><br>{{flagicon image\|Flag of the Syrian revolution.svg}} 7 wounded<ref name="auto8">{{Cite web\|url=https://www.syriahr.com/en/353383/\|title=Aleppo \| Kamikaze drone of SDF attacks Deir Hafer frontline, leaving seven members of "Jaysh Al-Majd" dead and injured - The Syrian Observatory For Human Rights\|date=9 January 2025}}</ref><br>{{Flagicon\|Turkey}} 1 killed and 1 injured<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://www.syriahr.com/en/353365/\|title=Amid bombardment on Al-Hasakah and Al-Raqqah countryside\| Drone attack leaves Turkish soldier dead and another injured in Ras Al-Ain - The Syrian Observatory For Human Rights\|date=9 January 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web \|title=Prominent Turkish liaison officer killed in Syria \|url=https://en.mehrnews.com/news/226785/Prominent-Turkish-liaison-officer-killed-in-Syria\|date=12 January 2025\|accessdate=17 January 2025\|work=Mehr News}}</ref>{{better source needed\|reason=Citation is from an unreliable (SOHR) and potentially biased source (Mehr).\|date=January 2025}}<br>{{Flagicon\|Turkey}} 2 ] destroyed<ref>{{cite web \|title=While flying over Qarrah Qarquzaq bridge: SDF shoot down Turkish drone in southern Ain Al-Arab (Kobani) \|url=https://www.syriahr.com/en/352712/ \|website=Syrian Observatory for Human Rights \|date= \|access-date=2 January 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://www.syriahr.com/en/353233/\|title=Ongoing clashes \| "SDF" shoots Turkish drone "Bayraktar" down near Teshrin Dam in Manbij\|work=The Syrian Observatory For Human Rights\|date=7 January 2025\|accessdate=17 January 2025}}</ref><br />'''SDF Claim:'''<br />{{Flagicon\|Turkey}} 2 radar systems<ref>{{cite web \|title=Destruction of 2 radar jamming system and armored vehicles of Turkish occupation \|url=https://hawarnews.com/en/destruction-of-2-radar-jamming-system-and-armored-vehicles-of-turkish-occupation \|website=Hawar News Agency \|access-date=2 January 2025}}</ref> <br />{{flagicon image\|Flag of the Syrian revolution.svg}} 324 killed<ref name="auto1"/><ref name="auto2">{{cite web \|url=https://hawarnews.com/en/16-military-vehicles-of-turkish-mercenaries-destroyed-including-3-tanks-southeast-of-manbij-and-north-of-tishrin-dam \|title=16 military vehicles of Turkish mercenaries destroyed, including 3 tanks, southeast of Manbij and north of Tishrin Dam \|website=Hawar News Agency \|publisher=Hawar News Agency \|date=28 December 2024 \|access-date=28 December 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web \|url=https://sdf-press.com/en/amp/2025/01/in-a-qualitative-operation-by-our-forces-dozens-of-mercenaries-eliminated-and-injured-including-turkish-occupation-soldiers/ \|title=In a Qualitative Operation by Our Forces, Dozens of Mercenaries Eliminated and Injured Including Turkish Occupation Soldiers \|website=SDF Press \|publisher=Syrian Democratic Forces \|date=1 January 2025 \|access-date=1 January 2025}}</ref><ref name="auto9">{{cite web \|url=https://sdf-press.com/en/2025/01/dozens-of-turkish-occupation-mercenaries-eliminated-and-wounded-and-several-tanks-and-military-vehicles-destroyed-in-tishreen-dam-and-deir-hafer/ \|title=Dozens of Turkish occupation mercenaries eliminated and wounded, and several tanks and military vehicles destroyed in Tishreen Dam and Deir Hafer \|website=SDF Press \|publisher=Syrian Democratic Forces \|date=1 January 2025 \|access-date=1 January 2025}}</ref><br />{{Flag icon\|Turkey}} 3 ] destroyed<ref name="auto1"/><br />{{Flag icon\|Turkey}} 1 ] and 1 ] destroyed<ref name="auto1"/><br />{{flagicon image\|Flag of the Syrian revolution.svg}} Dozens wounded<ref name="Kurd24">{{cite web \|url=https://www.kurdistan24.net/en/story/818177/heavy-casualties-reported-among-turkish-backed-fighters-in-manbij-dayr-hafir-clashes\|title= Heavy casualties reported among Turkish-backed fighters in Manbij, Dayr Hafir clashes\|publisher=]\|date=4 January 2025\|access-date=5 January 2025}}</ref><br />{{flagicon image\|Flag of the Syrian revolution.svg}} 25+ vehicles destroyed<ref>{{cite web \|title=Violent clashes in south-east Manbij, destroying many vehicles \|url=https://hawarnews.com/en/violent-clashes-in-south-east-manbij-destroying-many-vehicles \|website=Hawar News Agency \|access-date=2 January 2025}}</ref><br />{{Flagicon\|Syrian opposition}} 18 armored vehicles and 8 tanks<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://hawarnews.com/en/turkish-occupation-armored-vehicle-destroyed-east-of-manbij\|title=Turkish occupation armored vehicle destroyed east of Manbij\|work=Hawar News}}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|url=https://hawarnews.com/en/mmc-blows-up-bmb-tank-of-turkish-occupation-mercenaries-in-manbij\|title=MMC blows up BMB tank of Turkish occupation mercenaries in Manbij\|work=Hawar News}}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|title=SDF Destroys Tank, Military Vehicles in Response to Turkish Mercenaries' Attacks\|work=Hawar News Agency\|date =2 January 2025\|accessdate=2 January 2025\|url=https://hawarnews.com/en/sdf-destroys-tank-military-vehicles-in-response-to-turkish-mercenaries-attacks}}</ref><ref name="Hawar News Agency">{{cite web \|title=Moment armored vehicle destroyed by Turkish occupation mercenaries in Manbij \|url=https://hawarnews.com/en/moment-armored-vehicle-destroyed-by-turkish-occupation-mercenaries-in-manbij \|website=Hawar News Agency \|access-date=2 January 2025}}</ref><ref name="auto2"/><ref name="auto9"/>
			\| casualties3 = 51 civilians killed (since 12 December 2024)<ref name="auto5"/><ref>{{cite web\|url=https://www.syriahr.com/en/353910/\|title=New attacks {{!}} Two civilians killed by Turkish drones near Teshrin Dam\|work=]\|date= 17 January 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|url=https://www.syriahr.com/en/353952/\|title=Military escalation {{!}} 17 civilians killed and injured in Turkish airstrikes on Teshreen dam\|work=]\|date= 18 January 2025}}</ref>
	\| campaignbox = {{Campaignbox Syrian civil war}}		\| campaignbox = {{Campaignbox Syrian civil war}}
	}}		}}

	The '''East Aleppo offensive ~~(2024)~~''' is an operation launched by the ] in December 2024 against the ] (SNA) to regain control of territory that was lost during the ] and to advance from ] ~~towards~~ the ~~Tishreen~~ Dam.<ref>{{Cite web \|date=23 December 2024 \|title=SDF launches counterattack at ~~Tishreen~~ Dam \|url=https://www.rudaw.net/english/middleeast/syria/23122024 \|access-date=23 December 2024 \|website=Rudaw}}</ref>		The '''East Aleppo offensive''' is an operation launched in eastern ] in Northern ] by the ]-led and ]-backed ] (SDF) in December 2024 against the ]-backed ] (SNA) to regain control of territory that was lost during the ] and to advance from ] into the Tishrin Dam area.<ref>{{Cite web \|date=23 December 2024 \|title=SDF launches counterattack at Tishrin Dam \|url=https://www.rudaw.net/english/middleeast/syria/23122024 \|access-date=23 December 2024 \|website=Rudaw}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://www.euronews.com/2024/12/24/kurdish-forces-fight-back-against-turkish-backed-rebels-amid-clashes-in-northern-syria\|title=Kurdish forces fight back against Turkish-backed rebels amid clashes in northern Syria\|first=\|last=\|date=24 December 2024\|access-date=\|website=Euronews\|language=en-US}}</ref> The fighting is part of the longer term conflict between Turkey (and its local allies) and the ] (AANES), taking place in the aftermath of the ].

			== Background ==
			{{main\|Operation Dawn of Freedom}}
			Following the SNA capture of Manbij city on 11 December, a temporary ceasefire agreement in the region was reached between the SNA and SDF through U.S. mediation.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/syrian-democratic-forces-rebels-reach-us-brokered-ceasefire-agreement-manbij-sdf-2024-12-10/\|title=Syrian democratic forces, rebels reach US-brokered ceasefire agreement in Manbij, SDF commander says\|first=\|last=\|date=11 December 2024\|access-date=26 December 2024\|website=Reuters\|language=en-US}}</ref> However, military activities did not cease, which eventually resulted in ]. In addition, the SNA refused the evacuation of SDF fighters or civilians from Manbij, executed captured SDF soldiers and attempted offensive operations against the SDF, resulting in fighting near the Tishrin Dam.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://www.syriahr.com/en/351099/\|title=Having been besieged by faction \| Injured combatants of "Manbij Military Council Forces" extrajudicially executed in eastern Aleppo - The Syrian Observatory For Human Rights\|date=10 December 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://www.syriahr.com/en/351709/\|title=Military escalation \| Members of "National Army" kil*led and injured in an attack in Al-Raqqa - The Syrian Observatory For Human Rights\|date=17 December 2024}}</ref> The following week, the SNA stated that they ended the US-brokered ceasefire with the SDF.<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://www.al-monitor.com/originals/2024/12/turkey-backed-syrian-factions-end-us-mediated-ceasefire-kurdish-led-sdf\|title=Turkey-backed Syrian factions end US-mediated ceasefire with Kurdish-led SDF\|first=Amberin\|last=Zaman\|date=16 December 2024\|access-date=26 December 2024\|website=Al-Monitor\|archive-date=\|archive-url=\|url-status=}}</ref> ] stated that the ceasefire did not exist.<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/12/19/turkiye-refutes-us-claims-of-ceasefire-with-syrian-kurdish-fighters\|title=Turkiye refutes US claims of ceasefire with Syrian Kurdish fighters\|first=\|last=\|date=19 December 2024\|access-date=26 December 2024\|website=Al Jazeera English\|archive-date=\|archive-url=\|url-status=}}</ref>

			The offensive comes around the same time in which several ] agreed with de facto leader ] to dissolve their groups and to fall under the country's new ]. The SDF did not participate in this meeting in ].<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://news.sky.com/story/some-syrian-rebel-factions-agree-to-dissolve-under-new-leadership-but-fighting-continues-in-north-13279690\|title=Some Syrian rebel factions agree to dissolve under new leadership - but fighting continues in north\|first=Ollie\|last=Cooper\|date=24 December 2024\|access-date=25 December 2024\|website=Sky News\|archive-date=\|archive-url=\|url-status=}}</ref>

			== Offensive ==
			The ] of the SDF initiated an offensive against the Syrian National Army near the ] on 23 December 2024.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://npasyria.com/en/120110/\|title=SDF initiates counter-offensive against SNA factions in Syria's Manbij\|first=\|last=\|date=23 December 2024\|access-date=24 December 2024\|website=North Press Agency\|language=en-US}}</ref> The SDF managed to take control over several villages south east of ].<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://www.syriahr.com/en/352066/\|title=After taking control of three villages {{!}} SDF and military formations take control of surroundings of Tishrin Dam and launch combing operation\|publisher=SOHR\|date=23 December 2024\|access-date=24 December 2024\|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://www.syriahr.com/en/352069/\|title=Military escalation \| "SDF" advances and takes control over four villages in Manbij as Turkish-backed factions shell Kobani villages - The Syrian Observatory For Human Rights\|date=23 December 2024}}</ref>

			On 24 December, three SDF fighters were killed by a Turkish airstrike in Al-Hasakah.<ref name="auto10">{{cite web\|url= https://www.syriahr.com/en/352136/\|title= New attack {{!}} Three members of "Al-Asayish" and Military Police killed by Turkish drone in Al-Hasakah\|work= ]\|date= 24 December 2024}}</ref>

			The following day, SDF started assaults in two different directions. At the ] front, the SDF advanced from the ] along the west bank of the ] where they took control of the Babiri water pumping station, five kilometres south of the town of ] and advanced from the Tishrin Dam into the ]. Further north, fighting also started around the Qarah Qawzak bridge.<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://www.syriahr.com/en/352099/\|title=Following clashes with Turkish-backed factions {{!}} SDF advance into areas 12 kilometres away from Manbij city\|publisher=SOHR\|date=24 December 2024\|access-date=\|language=en-US}}</ref> A spokesperson of the ] (YPJ) stated that its fighters were located just over 11 kilometers (7 miles) away from the center of ] city, which was later confirmed by the ].<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://apnews.com/article/syria-kurds-turkey-sdf-manbij-kobani-84928d1755cc09c239fe00074291ff0f\|title=Kurdish-led forces push back Turkish-backed Syrian rebels in a tense offensive\|first1=Kareem\|last1=Chehayeb\|first2=Hogir\|last2=Al Abdo\|date=24 December 2024\|access-date=25 December 2024\|website=AP News\|archive-date=\|archive-url=\|url-status=}}</ref><ref name="auto">{{Cite web\|url=https://www.syriahr.com/en/352099/\|title=Following clashes with Turkish-backed factions \| SDF advance into areas 12 kilometres away from Manbij city - The Syrian Observatory For Human Rights\|date=24 December 2024}}</ref> During the clashes with YPJ and MMC at least 12 SNA fighters were killed in the Tishrin Dam area.<ref name=25Dec24>{{cite web\|url=https://www.syriahr.com/en/352235/\|title=Aleppo {{!}} 12 members of Turkish-backed factions kil*led in clashes near Teshrin Dam and Qere qozak bridge area \|work=]\|date=26 December 2024}}</ref> On 26 December, the SDF spokesperson ] made a statement at the Tishrin Dam confirming SDF control over the area.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://manage.rudaw.net/english/middleeast/syria/261220244 \|archive-url=\|archive-date=\|last=\|first=\|date=26 December 2024\|title=SDF denies militants' takeover of crucial dam near Manbij\|access-date=27 December 2024\|website=Rudaw}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://anfenglishmobile.com/rojava-syria/ferhad-shami-refutes-turkish-claims-tishrin-dam-is-completely-in-the-hands-of-sdf-forces-77108\|archive-url=\|archive-date=\|last=\|first=\|date=26 December 2024\|title=Ferhad Shami refutes Turkish claims: Tishrin Dam is completely in the hands of SDF forces\|access-date=27 December 2024\|website=ANF News}}</ref> The next morning, fighting reached the surroundings of the ].<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://www.syriahr.com/en/352308/\|title=Military escalation {{!}} Fierce clashes erupt between SDF and "National Army" near Najm fortress and Teshreen dam in east Aleppo countryside\|publisher=SOHR\|date=27 December 2024\|access-date=\|language=en-US}}</ref>

			Between 27 and 31 December, the clashes continued mainly in the ] direction, where both sides executed several infiltration attempts.During these clashes two SDF fighters were killed (including a commander of ]) <ref>{{cite web\|url= https://www.syriahr.com/en/352362/\|title= Daily death toll {{!}} 2,434 people killed on 27 December across Syria\|work= ]\|date= 27 December 2024}}</ref><ref name=27Dec24>{{cite web\|url=https://www.syriahr.com/en/352361/\|title=Military escalation {{!}} "SDF" infiltrates a village in Aleppo and kil*ls seven members of "Al-Amshat" as artillery shells fired on Ain Al-Arab (Kobani)\|work=]\|date=27 December 2024}}</ref><ref name=30Dec24Cas>{{cite web\|url=https://www.syriahr.com/en/352506/\|title=Leaving 11 militiamen dead and wounded {{!}} Clashes erupt between SDF and "National Army" factions in Manbij and frontline of Teshreen dam\|work=]\|date=30 December 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|url=https://www.syriahr.com/en/352570/\|title=Amid intensive bombardment {{!}} Clashes erupt between SDF and Turkish-backed factions on Abu Qalqal frontline in eastern Aleppo\|publisher=SOHR\|date=31 December 2024\|access-date=\|language=en-US}}</ref> Meanwhile, the SDF claimed that the ] are establishing two military bases in the Manbij countryside.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://manage.rudaw.net/english/middleeast/syria/301220241\|archive-url=\|archive-date=\|last=\|first=\|date=30 December 2024\|title=SDF claims Turkey building two military bases near Manbij\|access-date=31 December 2024\|website=Rudaw}}</ref> The Deputy ] of the ], ], stated during a press briefing that the US-brokered ceasefire around the city of Manbij is "still holding" despite the concurrent fighting.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/ceasefire-between-turkey-us-backed-sdf-northern-syria-holding-pentagon-says-2024-12-30/\|title=Ceasefire between Turkey and US-backed SDF in northern Syria holding, Pentagon says\|first=\|last=\|date=30 December 2024\|access-date=31 December 2024\|website=Reuters\|language=en-US}}</ref>

			In early January 2025, both sides attacked each other with ], including a Turkish drone strike targeting the sugar factory in Dayr Hafir.<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://www.syriahr.com/en/352723/\|title=Military escalation {{!}} Turkish drone attacks sugar factory in Aleppo countryside\|publisher=SOHR\|date=1 January 2025\|access-date=3 January 2025\|language=en-US}}</ref> The SNA, backed by Turkish ], launched an attack on Khirbet Zamalah south of the Tishrin dam.<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://www.syriahr.com/en/352724/\|title=Amid Turkish bombardment {{!}} "National Army" factions attack village near Tishreen Dam in Aleppo countryside\|publisher=SOHR\|date=1 January 2025\|access-date=3 January 2025\|language=en-US}}</ref> The SDF on their part managed to down a Turkish ] drone in the southern Kobani countryside.<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://www.syriahr.com/en/352712/\|title=While flying over Qarrah Qarquzaq bridge {{!}} SDF shoot down Turkish drone in southern Ain Al-Arab (Kobani)\|work=]\|date= 2 January 2025}}</ref> Continued clashes between SDF and SNA forces occurred west of the Tishrin dam and further north near the Qarah Qawzak bridge. At least 50 SNA and 12 SDF fighters were killed in the clashes.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://npasyria.com/en/120520/\|title=Syria's Manbij Military Council Repels Turkish-Backed Faction Attacks\|first=\|last=\|date=2 January 2025\|access-date=3 January 2025\|website=North Press Agency\|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name="3Jan25">{{cite web\|url=https://www.syriahr.com/en/352816/\|title=Amid ongoing clashes between SDF and Turkish-backed factions in Manbij {{!}} 28 militiamen killed in 24 hours\|work=]\|date= 3 January 2025}}</ref> Fights also broke out at ].<ref name="Kurd24"/> The ] (ISW) assessed that the SDF may seek to link-up their forces with these two advances to strengthen supply lines.<ref>{{cite web \|last1=Campa \|first1=Kelly \|last2=Parry \|first2=Andie \|last3=Braverman \|first3=Alexandra \|last4=Moorman \|first4=Carolyn \|last5=Wells \|first5=Katherine\|last6=Moore \|first6=Johanna \|last7=Rezaei \|first7=Ben \|last8=Borens \|first8=Avery \|last9=Carter \|first9=Brian \|date=2 January 2025 \|title=Iran Update, January 2, 2025 \|url=https://www.understandingwar.org/backgrounder/iran-update-january-2-2025\|access-date=3 January 2025\|work=Institute for the Study of War}}</ref> Local media reported at the time that the US was building bases near the city of ]<ref name="auto3">{{Cite web\|url=https://npasyria.com/en/120479/\|title=U.S.-led Global Coalition begins establishing new base in Kobani\|first=Fatah\|last=Issa\|date=2 January 2025\|access-date=3 January 2025\|website=North Press Agency\|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|url=https://www.syriahr.com/en/352729/\|title=Preparations for establishing new base {{!}} US forces bring in cement blocks to Ain Al-Arab (Kobani)\|publisher=SOHR\|date=2 January 2025\|access-date=3 January 2025\|language=en-US}}</ref> though the reports have been denied by ].<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://english.alarabiya.net/News/middle-east/2025/01/03/pentagon-vehemently-denies-reports-of-new-us-base-in-syria-s-kobani\|title=Pentagon vehemently denies reports of new US base in Syria's Kobani\|work=Al Arabiya\|date=3 January 2025\|accessdate=3 January 2025}}</ref> On 4 January, clashes continued in the vicinity of ] and Jisr Qarqozak, leaving 20 SNA and 8 SDF fighters dead.<ref name="4Jan25">{{cite web\|url=https://www.syriahr.com/en/352950/\|title=Military escalation {{!}} 28 members of "SDF" and Turkish-backed factions including a commander of "Al-Sultan Murad" kil*led and injured in Aleppo\|work=]\|date= 4 January 2025}}</ref>

			On 5 January, three SDF fighters were killed and four others injured in a Turkish airstrike on Teshreen Dam.<ref name="SOHR"/> Pro-SNA media reported that the SNA managed to outflank the SDF advance and took some villages on the Aleppo-Raqqa highway.<ref>{{Cite web \|title=Institute for the Study of War \|url=https://www.understandingwar.org/backgrounder/iran-update-january-5-2025 \|access-date=6 January 2025 \|website=Institute for the Study of War \|language=en}}</ref>

			On 6 January, four SNA fighters were killed and a SDF fighter was killed by following Turkish artillery shelling of Teshreen Dam.<ref name="auto4">{{cite web\|url=https://www.syriahr.com/en/353073/\|title=Hours after tense calm {{!}} Renewed bombardment on Teshreen dam and Qarrah Qarquzaq bridge frontlines leaves five combatants dead\|work= ]\|date= 6 January 2025}}</ref>

			On 7 January, two SNA fighters were killed in clashes.<ref name="auto6"/>

			On 8 January, civilians protested around Tishrin Dam in support of the SDF and called for an end to Turkish airstrikes in the reigion.<ref>{{cite web\|url= https://apnews.com/article/syria-turkey-kurds-sdf-tishrin-dam-71f958b405bed575dc20942b8393e89b\|title= Conflict between Turkey and Kurdish groups rises around key dam in northern Syria \|access-date=18 January 2025 \|website=Associated Press \|language=en}}</ref>

			On 9 January 26 SNA fighters, six SDF fighters and five civilians were killed in clashes.<ref>{{cite web\|url= https://www.syriahr.com/en/353344/\|title= Amid intensive airstrikes {{!}} Fierce clashes and attacks by Turkish forces in Manbij countryside leave 37 combatants and civilians dead\|work= ]\|date= 9 January 2025}}</ref> On the same day a ] was killed and another injured in a ] attack.<ref name="auto7">{{cite web\|url= https://www.syriahr.com/en/353365/\|title=Amid bombardment on Al-Hasakah and Al-Raqqah countryside {{!}} Drone attack leaves Turkish soldier dead and another injured in Ras Al-Ain\|work=]\|date= 9 January 2025}}</ref> Two SNA fighters were killed and seven others injured in a SDF kamikaze drone attack.<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://www.syriahr.com/en/353383/\|title=Aleppo {{!}} Kamikaze drone of SDF attacks Deir Hafer frontline, leaving seven members of "Jaysh Al-Majd" dead and injured\|work=]\|date=9 January 2025}}</ref> The Institute for the Study of War reported that the SNA deployed a large amount of troops on the frontline and launched an ambush against the SDF in ].<ref>{{Cite web \|title=Institute for the Study of War \|url=https://www.understandingwar.org/backgrounder/iran-update-january-9-2025 \|access-date=10 January 2025 \|website=Institute for the Study of War \|language=en}}</ref>

			On 10 January, seven SNA and two SDF fighters were killed in clashes, meanwhile two unidentified people were killed by a Turkish airstrike in Al-Hasakah.<ref name="auto12">{{cite web\|url=https://www.syriahr.com/en/353431/\|title=Daily death toll {{!}} 24 people killed on 10 January across Syria\|work=]\|date=10 January 2025}}</ref>

			On 11 January, seven SNA fighters were killed in clashes on the Manbij frontline.<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://www.syriahr.com/en/353469/\|title=Amid ongoing clashes {{!}} Seven members of "National Army" factions killed and others injured on frontlines in Manbij countryside\|work= ]\|date=12 January 2025}}</ref>

			On 15 January, five SDF fighters were killed in Turkish airstrikes, meanwhile 13 SNA fighters were killed in clashes on frontlines.<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://www.syriahr.com/en/353721/\|title=Ongoing escalation {{!}} 18 combatants killed in airstrikes and exchange of bombardment between SDF and Turkish-backed factions near Teshreen dam\|work=]\|date= 15 January 2025}}</ref>

			Between 18–19 January, 21 SNA fighters, 6 civilians and one SDF fighter were killed in clashes on the frontline.<ref name="auto13">{{Cite web\|url=https://www.syriahr.com/en/353982/\|title=Military escalation {{!}} 11 combatants killed and wounded in clashes between Turkish-backed factions and SDF on frontlines of eastern Aleppo\|date=19 January 2025\|work=]}}</ref><ref name="auto13"/><ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://www.syriahr.com/en/354019/\|title=New attack {{!}} Eight members of Turkish-backed factions kil*led by drones of SDF near Teshrin Dam\|date=19 January 2025\|work=]}}</ref>

			On 20 January 12 SNA fighters were killed in clashes on the Manbij frontline.<ref>-backed militiamen killed on frontlines in Manbij countryside in 24 hours\|date=20 January 2025\|work=]}}</ref>

			Between 21–22 January, 8 SNA fighters and 4 civilians were killed, with fighting continuing in the Manbij, Tishreen Dam and Qara Qozak Bridge areas.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://www.syriahr.com/%d9%81%d9%8a-%d9%87%d8%ac%d9%80-%d9%80%d9%88%d9%85%d9%80-%d9%80%d9%8a%d9%86-%d9%85%d9%86%d9%81%d8%b5%d9%84%d9%8a%d9%86-%d9%85%d9%82%d9%80-%d9%80%d8%aa%d9%84-%d9%88%d8%a5%d8%b5%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%a9-8/746574/\|title=في هجومين منفصلين.. مقتل وإصابة 8 من فصائل “الجيش الوطني” بهجمات وعمليات تسلل على محاور بريف منبج شرقي حلب\|date=22 January 2025\|work=] (in Arabic)}}</ref>

			== See also ==
			* ]
			* ]
			* ]
			* ]
			* ]

			== Notes ==
			{{notelist}}

	== References ==		== References ==
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			{{DEFAULTSORT:East Aleppo offensive (2024-present)}}
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Latest revision as of 18:24, 23 January 2025

SDF operation against Syrian National Army in eastern Aleppo Governorate

2024 East Aleppo offensive

Part of Syrian civil war and Turkish involvement in the Syrian civil war

Territorial control in Manbij

Date	23 December 2024 – present (1 month)
Location	East Aleppo Governorate, Syria
Status	Ongoing Several attempts by SNA to recapture the Tishrin Dam fail
Territorial changes	SDF secures the Tishrin Dam and captures several villages southeast of Manbij

Belligerents

Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria

Syrian Interim Government

Turkey

Commanders and leaders

Mazlum Abdi

Ferhad Şamî

Shervan Derwish

Dilsuz Hashme

Nuri Mahmoud

Nesrin Abdullah

Fadlallah al-Haji

Adnan al-Ahmad

Munir Hajak †

Ahmed Othman

Selçuk Bayraktaroğlu

Ziya Cemal Kadıoğlu

Units involved

Syrian Democratic Forces

Syrian National Army

Sultan Murad Division

Turkish Armed Forces

Casualties and losses

75 killed (since 12 December 2024)

13 wounded
SDF Claim:

81 killed or wounded (as of 13 January 2025)

348 killed (since 12 December 2024)

7 wounded

1 killed and 1 injured

2 Bayraktar TB2 destroyed
SDF Claim:

2 radar systems

324 killed

3 Bayraktar TB2 destroyed

1 TAI Anka and 1 TAI Aksungur destroyed

Dozens wounded

25+ vehicles destroyed

18 armored vehicles and 8 tanks

51 civilians killed (since 12 December 2024)

Syrian civil war

Timeline

v t e Civil uprising in Syria (March–August 2011)
Daraa Baniyas Homs (May–August 2011) Talkalakh Rastan and Talbiseh 1st Jisr ash-Shughur 1st Jabal al-Zawiya Hama Latakia

v t e Start of insurgency (Sept. 2011 – April 2012)
Homs (2011–14) 1st Homs offensive 1st Idlib Gov. Syrian–Turkish border Jabal al-Zawiya 1st Idlib City Saraqib 1st Rastan Hama Gov. Shayrat & Tiyas ambush Daraa Gov. 1st Rif Dimashq 1st Zabadani Douma Deir ez-Zor (2011–2014) Hatla Aleppo Gov. Azaz 2nd Rastan 1st al-Qusayr 2nd Idlib Gov. Taftanaz

UN ceasefire; Rebel advances (May 2012 – Dec. 2013)

3rd Rastan
Houla
1st Northern Homs
Al-Haffah
Al-Qubeir
Al-Tremseh
3rd Idlib Gov.
1st Damascus
- Bombing
1st Aleppo city
- Anadan
- Menagh Air Base
- Base 46
- Khan al-Assal
- 1st Aleppo offensive
- 2nd Aleppo offensive
Syrian Kurdistan and Kurdish–Islamist conflict
- Hasaka campaign
- Tell Abyad
Nubl & Al-Zahraa
2nd Rif Dimashq (1st Darayya)
Abu al-Duhur Airbase
Quneitra Gov.
3rd Rif Dimashq
- 1st Yarmouk camp
- 2nd Darayya
Darayya & Muadamiyat
Aqrab
1st Hama offensive
- Halfaya
1st Safira
Shadadeh
2nd Damascus
1st Raqqa campaign (1st Raqqa)
1st Daraa offensive
4th Rif Dimashq
- Jdaidet al-Fadl
- Tadamon
- Ghouta
2nd al-Qusayr
3rd al-Qusayr
Eastern Ghouta
2nd Hama offensive
Bayda and Baniyas
1st Latakia offensive
Ma'loula
Sadad
5th Rif Dimashq
1st Qalamoun
Adra

v t e Rise of ISIS in 2014
Inter-rebel conflict Northern Aleppo Markada 1st Deir ez-Zor offensive al-Otaiba ambush Maan Hosn Morek 2nd Daraa offensive 2nd Latakia offensive 4th Idlib Gov. Al-Malihah 2nd Wadi Deif 2nd Qalamoun Arsal Deir ez-Zor (2014–2017) 1st Shaer gas field 1st Eastern Syria Tabqa Airbase 3rd Hama offensive 6th Rif Dimashq 1st Quneitra 1st Kobanî

U.S.-led intervention, Rebel and ISIL advances (Sept. 2014 – Sept. 2015)

Russian intervention (Sept. 2015 – March 2016)

Aleppo escalation and Euphrates Shield (March 2016 – February 2017)

Collapse of the Islamic State in Syria (Feb. – Nov. 2017)

Eastern Homs offensive
al-Jina mosque
6th Hama offensive
Tabqa
Khan Shaykhun
US Shayrat strike
Aleppo bus bombing
April 2017 Turkish airstrikes
2nd East Ghouta inter-rebel conflict
2nd Syrian Desert
Maskanah
East Hama
2nd Raqqa
9th Daraa
Southern Raqqa
Iranian Deir ez-Zor strike
Ja'din
Jobar
5th Quneitra
Central Syria
3rd Idlib inter-rebel conflict
4th Qalamoun
Deir ez-Zor (2017–2019)
2nd Eastern Syria
- Deir ez-Zor city
- Euphrates Crossing
- Mayadin
- 2nd Abu Kamal
7th Hama offensive

Rebels in retreat and Operation Olive Branch
(Nov. 2017 – Sep. 2018)

3rd Northwestern Syria
Eastern Syria insurgency
Atarib
Harasta
Beit Jinn
3rd Syrian Desert
- 5th Deir ez-Zor offensive
1st Southern Damascus
Olive Branch
- Afrin
- SDF insurgency
Khasham
Feb 2018 Israel–Syria incident
10th Rif Dimashq (Douma)
4th Idlib inter-rebel conflict
2nd Southern Damascus
U.S.-led missile strikes
2nd Northern Homs
2nd Eastern Qalamoun
3rd Southern Damascus
Deir ez-Zor SAA-SDF clashes
House of Cards
1st As-Suwayda
2nd Southern Syria
2nd As-Suwayda
3rd As-Suwayda
2nd Qamishli

v t e Idlib demilitarization (Sep. 2018 – April 2019)
Idlib demilitarization 5th Idlib inter-rebel conflict 1st Israeli missile strikes 2nd Iranian strike Northern border clashes Daraa insurgency Manbij bombing Baghuz Fawqani U.S. airstrike

v t e First Idlib offensive, Operation Peace Spring, & Second Idlib offensive (April 2019 – March 2020)
4th Northwestern Tell Rifaat Raqqa & Azaz Hass 2nd Israeli missile strikes Peace Spring (2nd Ras al-Ayn) Kayla Mueller Northern bombings 3rd Israeli missile strikes Qah 5th Northwestern Balyun Spring Shield 2nd U.S. missile strikes 10th Daraa

Idlib ceasefire (March 2020 – Nov. 2024)

v t e Opposition offensives and Assad overthrown (Nov. – Dec. 2024)
Opposition offensives 2nd Aleppo city Hospital strike 8th Hama offensive 19th Aleppo offensive 6th Deir ez-Zor offensive 3rd Homs offensive 6th Palmyra 2nd Manbij Al-Mustariha strike 3rd Southern Syria 3rd Damascus Fall of the Assad regime

v t e Transitional government and SNA–SDF conflict (Dec. 2024 – present)
Israeli invasion of Syria 3rd Kobani 20th Aleppo offensive Western clashes

Syrian War spillover and international incidents

Lebanon spillover

Jordanian–Syrian border incidents

Israeli–Syrian ceasefire line
- February 2018 incident
- May 2018 incident

Iraqi–Syrian border incidents

Spillover in Iran

Spillover in Turkey

Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict

Spillover in Europe

Foreign involvement in the Syrian civil war

Foreign intervention on behalf of Syrian Arab Republic

Foreign intervention in behalf of Syrian rebels

U.S.-led intervention against ISIL

The East Aleppo offensive is an operation launched in eastern Aleppo Governorate in Northern Syria by the Kurdish-led and US-backed Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) in December 2024 against the Turkey-backed Syrian National Army (SNA) to regain control of territory that was lost during the Manbij offensive and to advance from Dayr Hafir into the Tishrin Dam area. The fighting is part of the longer term conflict between Turkey (and its local allies) and the Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria (AANES), taking place in the aftermath of the fall of the Assad regime.

Background

Main article: Operation Dawn of Freedom

Following the SNA capture of Manbij city on 11 December, a temporary ceasefire agreement in the region was reached between the SNA and SDF through U.S. mediation. However, military activities did not cease, which eventually resulted in fighting in the Kobani countryside. In addition, the SNA refused the evacuation of SDF fighters or civilians from Manbij, executed captured SDF soldiers and attempted offensive operations against the SDF, resulting in fighting near the Tishrin Dam. The following week, the SNA stated that they ended the US-brokered ceasefire with the SDF. Turkey stated that the ceasefire did not exist.

The offensive comes around the same time in which several Syrian rebel factions agreed with de facto leader Ahmed al-Sharaa to dissolve their groups and to fall under the country's new Defense ministry. The SDF did not participate in this meeting in Damascus.

Offensive

The Manbij Military Council of the SDF initiated an offensive against the Syrian National Army near the Tishrin Dam on 23 December 2024. The SDF managed to take control over several villages south east of Manbij.

On 24 December, three SDF fighters were killed by a Turkish airstrike in Al-Hasakah.

The following day, SDF started assaults in two different directions. At the Dayr Hafir front, the SDF advanced from the Jirah Military Airbase along the west bank of the Euphrates where they took control of the Babiri water pumping station, five kilometres south of the town of Al-Khafsah and advanced from the Tishrin Dam into the Abu Qalqal district. Further north, fighting also started around the Qarah Qawzak bridge. A spokesperson of the Women's Protection Units (YPJ) stated that its fighters were located just over 11 kilometers (7 miles) away from the center of Manbij city, which was later confirmed by the SOHR. During the clashes with YPJ and MMC at least 12 SNA fighters were killed in the Tishrin Dam area. On 26 December, the SDF spokesperson Ferhad Şamî made a statement at the Tishrin Dam confirming SDF control over the area. The next morning, fighting reached the surroundings of the Najm castle.

Between 27 and 31 December, the clashes continued mainly in the Abu Qalqal direction, where both sides executed several infiltration attempts.During these clashes two SDF fighters were killed (including a commander of YPJ) Meanwhile, the SDF claimed that the Turkish Armed Forces are establishing two military bases in the Manbij countryside. The Deputy Press Secretary of the Pentagon, Sabrina Singh, stated during a press briefing that the US-brokered ceasefire around the city of Manbij is "still holding" despite the concurrent fighting.

In early January 2025, both sides attacked each other with drone strikes, including a Turkish drone strike targeting the sugar factory in Dayr Hafir. The SNA, backed by Turkish artillery, launched an attack on Khirbet Zamalah south of the Tishrin dam. The SDF on their part managed to down a Turkish Bayraktar TB2 drone in the southern Kobani countryside. Continued clashes between SDF and SNA forces occurred west of the Tishrin dam and further north near the Qarah Qawzak bridge. At least 50 SNA and 12 SDF fighters were killed in the clashes. Fights also broke out at Dayr Hafir. The Institute for the Study of War (ISW) assessed that the SDF may seek to link-up their forces with these two advances to strengthen supply lines. Local media reported at the time that the US was building bases near the city of Kobane though the reports have been denied by the Pentagon. On 4 January, clashes continued in the vicinity of Sad Teshrin and Jisr Qarqozak, leaving 20 SNA and 8 SDF fighters dead.

On 5 January, three SDF fighters were killed and four others injured in a Turkish airstrike on Teshreen Dam. Pro-SNA media reported that the SNA managed to outflank the SDF advance and took some villages on the Aleppo-Raqqa highway.

On 6 January, four SNA fighters were killed and a SDF fighter was killed by following Turkish artillery shelling of Teshreen Dam.

On 7 January, two SNA fighters were killed in clashes.

On 8 January, civilians protested around Tishrin Dam in support of the SDF and called for an end to Turkish airstrikes in the reigion.

On 9 January 26 SNA fighters, six SDF fighters and five civilians were killed in clashes. On the same day a Turkish soldier was killed and another injured in a SDF attack. Two SNA fighters were killed and seven others injured in a SDF kamikaze drone attack. The Institute for the Study of War reported that the SNA deployed a large amount of troops on the frontline and launched an ambush against the SDF in Tal al Zamalah.

On 10 January, seven SNA and two SDF fighters were killed in clashes, meanwhile two unidentified people were killed by a Turkish airstrike in Al-Hasakah.

On 11 January, seven SNA fighters were killed in clashes on the Manbij frontline.

On 15 January, five SDF fighters were killed in Turkish airstrikes, meanwhile 13 SNA fighters were killed in clashes on frontlines.

Between 18–19 January, 21 SNA fighters, 6 civilians and one SDF fighter were killed in clashes on the frontline.

On 20 January 12 SNA fighters were killed in clashes on the Manbij frontline.

Between 21–22 January, 8 SNA fighters and 4 civilians were killed, with fighting continuing in the Manbij, Tishreen Dam and Qara Qozak Bridge areas.

Notes

References

"Manbij | Exchange of bombardment between SDF and Turkish forces leaves several civilians injured". SOHR. 28 December 2024. Retrieved 3 January 2025.
"Manbij Council fighters repel Turkish occupation attacks on Tishrin villages". Hawar News Agency. Hawar News Agency. 28 December 2024. Retrieved 28 December 2024.
Kishore, Siddhant; Moorman, Carolyn; Braverman, Alexandra; Parry, Andie; Reddy, Ria; Campa, Kelly; Rezaei, Ben; Borens, Avery; Carter, Brian (26 December 2024). "Iran Update, December 26, 2024". Institute for the Study of War. Retrieved 3 January 2025.
^ "Military escalation | 28 members of "SDF" and Turkish-backed factions including a commander of "Al-Sultan Murad" kil*led and injured in Aleppo". SOHR. 4 January 2025.
^ "The number of fatalities since beginning of military escalation reaches 474 | Ten militiamen killed and wounded in clashes near Teshreen dam". SOHR). 23 January 2025.
^ "Military escalation | Turkish drone attacks vehicle in eastern Tishreen dam and house in Sarrin town in Ain Al-Arab countryside". SOHR. 5 January 2025.
^ "Renewed clashes | Fierce clashes between SDF and Turkish-backed factions on Teshreen dam frontline leave four combatants dead and wounded". SOHR. 7 January 2025.
"Ground and aerial escalation | Ten members of "Al-Asayish" killed and injured on a checkpoint in Aleppo". SOHR. 31 December 2024.
^ "Over Course of 38 Days: What Are the Official Statistics of Battles in NE Syria?". Hawar News. Retrieved 15 January 2025.
"Aleppo | Kamikaze drone of SDF attacks Deir Hafer frontline, leaving seven members of "Jaysh Al-Majd" dead and injured - The Syrian Observatory For Human Rights". 9 January 2025.
"Amid bombardment on Al-Hasakah and Al-Raqqah countryside| Drone attack leaves Turkish soldier dead and another injured in Ras Al-Ain - The Syrian Observatory For Human Rights". 9 January 2025.
"Prominent Turkish liaison officer killed in Syria". Mehr News. 12 January 2025. Retrieved 17 January 2025.
"While flying over Qarrah Qarquzaq bridge: SDF shoot down Turkish drone in southern Ain Al-Arab (Kobani)". Syrian Observatory for Human Rights. Retrieved 2 January 2025.
"Ongoing clashes | "SDF" shoots Turkish drone "Bayraktar" down near Teshrin Dam in Manbij". The Syrian Observatory For Human Rights. 7 January 2025. Retrieved 17 January 2025.
"Destruction of 2 radar jamming system and armored vehicles of Turkish occupation". Hawar News Agency. Retrieved 2 January 2025.
^ "16 military vehicles of Turkish mercenaries destroyed, including 3 tanks, southeast of Manbij and north of Tishrin Dam". Hawar News Agency. Hawar News Agency. 28 December 2024. Retrieved 28 December 2024.
"In a Qualitative Operation by Our Forces, Dozens of Mercenaries Eliminated and Injured Including Turkish Occupation Soldiers". SDF Press. Syrian Democratic Forces. 1 January 2025. Retrieved 1 January 2025.
^ "Dozens of Turkish occupation mercenaries eliminated and wounded, and several tanks and military vehicles destroyed in Tishreen Dam and Deir Hafer". SDF Press. Syrian Democratic Forces. 1 January 2025. Retrieved 1 January 2025.
^ "Heavy casualties reported among Turkish-backed fighters in Manbij, Dayr Hafir clashes". Kurdistan 24. 4 January 2025. Retrieved 5 January 2025.
"Violent clashes in south-east Manbij, destroying many vehicles". Hawar News Agency. Retrieved 2 January 2025.
"Turkish occupation armored vehicle destroyed east of Manbij". Hawar News.
"MMC blows up BMB tank of Turkish occupation mercenaries in Manbij". Hawar News.
"SDF Destroys Tank, Military Vehicles in Response to Turkish Mercenaries' Attacks". Hawar News Agency. 2 January 2025. Retrieved 2 January 2025.
"Moment armored vehicle destroyed by Turkish occupation mercenaries in Manbij". Hawar News Agency. Retrieved 2 January 2025.
"New attacks | Two civilians killed by Turkish drones near Teshrin Dam". SOHR. 17 January 2025.
"Military escalation | 17 civilians killed and injured in Turkish airstrikes on Teshreen dam". SOHR. 18 January 2025.
"SDF launches counterattack at Tishrin Dam". Rudaw. 23 December 2024. Retrieved 23 December 2024.
"Kurdish forces fight back against Turkish-backed rebels amid clashes in northern Syria". Euronews. 24 December 2024.
"Syrian democratic forces, rebels reach US-brokered ceasefire agreement in Manbij, SDF commander says". Reuters. 11 December 2024. Retrieved 26 December 2024.
"Having been besieged by faction | Injured combatants of "Manbij Military Council Forces" extrajudicially executed in eastern Aleppo - The Syrian Observatory For Human Rights". 10 December 2024.
"Military escalation | Members of "National Army" kil*led and injured in an attack in Al-Raqqa - The Syrian Observatory For Human Rights". 17 December 2024.
Zaman, Amberin (16 December 2024). "Turkey-backed Syrian factions end US-mediated ceasefire with Kurdish-led SDF". Al-Monitor. Retrieved 26 December 2024.
"Turkiye refutes US claims of ceasefire with Syrian Kurdish fighters". Al Jazeera English. 19 December 2024. Retrieved 26 December 2024.
Cooper, Ollie (24 December 2024). "Some Syrian rebel factions agree to dissolve under new leadership - but fighting continues in north". Sky News. Retrieved 25 December 2024.
"SDF initiates counter-offensive against SNA factions in Syria's Manbij". North Press Agency. 23 December 2024. Retrieved 24 December 2024.
"After taking control of three villages | SDF and military formations take control of surroundings of Tishrin Dam and launch combing operation". SOHR. 23 December 2024. Retrieved 24 December 2024.
"Military escalation | "SDF" advances and takes control over four villages in Manbij as Turkish-backed factions shell Kobani villages - The Syrian Observatory For Human Rights". 23 December 2024.
"New attack | Three members of "Al-Asayish" and Military Police killed by Turkish drone in Al-Hasakah". SOHR. 24 December 2024.
"Following clashes with Turkish-backed factions | SDF advance into areas 12 kilometres away from Manbij city". SOHR. 24 December 2024.
Chehayeb, Kareem; Al Abdo, Hogir (24 December 2024). "Kurdish-led forces push back Turkish-backed Syrian rebels in a tense offensive". AP News. Retrieved 25 December 2024.
"Following clashes with Turkish-backed factions | SDF advance into areas 12 kilometres away from Manbij city - The Syrian Observatory For Human Rights". 24 December 2024.
"Aleppo | 12 members of Turkish-backed factions kil*led in clashes near Teshrin Dam and Qere qozak bridge area". SOHR. 26 December 2024.
"SDF denies militants' takeover of crucial dam near Manbij". Rudaw. 26 December 2024. Retrieved 27 December 2024.
"Ferhad Shami refutes Turkish claims: Tishrin Dam is completely in the hands of SDF forces". ANF News. 26 December 2024. Retrieved 27 December 2024.
"Military escalation | Fierce clashes erupt between SDF and "National Army" near Najm fortress and Teshreen dam in east Aleppo countryside". SOHR. 27 December 2024.
"Daily death toll | 2,434 people killed on 27 December across Syria". SOHR. 27 December 2024.
"Military escalation | "SDF" infiltrates a village in Aleppo and kil*ls seven members of "Al-Amshat" as artillery shells fired on Ain Al-Arab (Kobani)". SOHR. 27 December 2024.
"Leaving 11 militiamen dead and wounded | Clashes erupt between SDF and "National Army" factions in Manbij and frontline of Teshreen dam". SOHR. 30 December 2024.
"Amid intensive bombardment | Clashes erupt between SDF and Turkish-backed factions on Abu Qalqal frontline in eastern Aleppo". SOHR. 31 December 2024.
"SDF claims Turkey building two military bases near Manbij". Rudaw. 30 December 2024. Retrieved 31 December 2024.
"Ceasefire between Turkey and US-backed SDF in northern Syria holding, Pentagon says". Reuters. 30 December 2024. Retrieved 31 December 2024.
"Military escalation | Turkish drone attacks sugar factory in Aleppo countryside". SOHR. 1 January 2025. Retrieved 3 January 2025.
"Amid Turkish bombardment | "National Army" factions attack village near Tishreen Dam in Aleppo countryside". SOHR. 1 January 2025. Retrieved 3 January 2025.
"While flying over Qarrah Qarquzaq bridge | SDF shoot down Turkish drone in southern Ain Al-Arab (Kobani)". SOHR. 2 January 2025.
"Syria's Manbij Military Council Repels Turkish-Backed Faction Attacks". North Press Agency. 2 January 2025. Retrieved 3 January 2025.
"Amid ongoing clashes between SDF and Turkish-backed factions in Manbij | 28 militiamen killed in 24 hours". SOHR. 3 January 2025.
Campa, Kelly; Parry, Andie; Braverman, Alexandra; Moorman, Carolyn; Wells, Katherine; Moore, Johanna; Rezaei, Ben; Borens, Avery; Carter, Brian (2 January 2025). "Iran Update, January 2, 2025". Institute for the Study of War. Retrieved 3 January 2025.
Issa, Fatah (2 January 2025). "U.S.-led Global Coalition begins establishing new base in Kobani". North Press Agency. Retrieved 3 January 2025.
"Preparations for establishing new base | US forces bring in cement blocks to Ain Al-Arab (Kobani)". SOHR. 2 January 2025. Retrieved 3 January 2025.
"Pentagon vehemently denies reports of new US base in Syria's Kobani". Al Arabiya. 3 January 2025. Retrieved 3 January 2025.
"Institute for the Study of War". Institute for the Study of War. Retrieved 6 January 2025.
"Hours after tense calm | Renewed bombardment on Teshreen dam and Qarrah Qarquzaq bridge frontlines leaves five combatants dead". SOHR. 6 January 2025.
"Conflict between Turkey and Kurdish groups rises around key dam in northern Syria". Associated Press. Retrieved 18 January 2025.
"Amid intensive airstrikes | Fierce clashes and attacks by Turkish forces in Manbij countryside leave 37 combatants and civilians dead". SOHR. 9 January 2025.
"Amid bombardment on Al-Hasakah and Al-Raqqah countryside | Drone attack leaves Turkish soldier dead and another injured in Ras Al-Ain". SOHR. 9 January 2025.
"Aleppo | Kamikaze drone of SDF attacks Deir Hafer frontline, leaving seven members of "Jaysh Al-Majd" dead and injured". SOHR. 9 January 2025.
"Institute for the Study of War". Institute for the Study of War. Retrieved 10 January 2025.
"Daily death toll | 24 people killed on 10 January across Syria". SOHR. 10 January 2025.
"Amid ongoing clashes | Seven members of "National Army" factions killed and others injured on frontlines in Manbij countryside". SOHR. 12 January 2025.
"Ongoing escalation | 18 combatants killed in airstrikes and exchange of bombardment between SDF and Turkish-backed factions near Teshreen dam". SOHR. 15 January 2025.
^ "Military escalation | 11 combatants killed and wounded in clashes between Turkish-backed factions and SDF on frontlines of eastern Aleppo". SOHR. 19 January 2025.
"New attack | Eight members of Turkish-backed factions kil*led by drones of SDF near Teshrin Dam". SOHR. 19 January 2025.
-backed militiamen killed on frontlines in Manbij countryside in 24 hours|date=20 January 2025|work=SOHR}}
"في هجومين منفصلين.. مقتل وإصابة 8 من فصائل "الجيش الوطني" بهجمات وعمليات تسلل على محاور بريف منبج شرقي حلب". SOHR (in Arabic). 22 January 2025.

Syrian civil war

Overviews

Main overviews	Syria Rojava Syrian civil war Timeline Background and causes Syrian peace process Syrian government reactions Belligerents Inter-rebel conflict Spillover Cities and towns Sectarianism and minorities Syrian Desert campaign (December 2017–present)
Effects and ongoing concerns	Casualties of the Syrian civil war Refugees of the Syrian civil war Humanitarian aid during the Syrian civil war Human rights violations during the Syrian civil war
Phases and processes	Syrian revolution Early insurgency phase 2012–2013 escalation Ceasefires Syrian peace process
World reaction	International reactions to the Syrian civil war Foreign involvement in the Syrian civil war Reactions to the fall of the Assad regime
Specific groups and countries	Russian involvement Russian intervention Turkish involvement Turkish occupation of northern Syria Second Northern Syria Buffer Zone Russian-Turkish agreement on Syria US intervention in the Syrian civil war 2023 attacks on U.S. bases in Iraq and Syria Kurdish Area in Syria Syrian Democratic Forces Rojava conflict U.S. task force
Agreements and dialogues	Russian-Turkish agreement on Syria Relations between Syrian government and Kurdish groups in Syria
Transitional phase	Syrian transitional government

Timeline

Background

2011
Jan–Apr
May–Aug
Sep–Dec

2012
Jan–Apr
May–Aug
Sep–Dec

2013
Jan–Apr
May–Dec

2014
Jan–Jul
Aug–Dec

2015
Jan–Jul
Aug–Dec

2016
Jan–Apr
May–Aug
Sep–Dec

2017
Jan–Apr
May–Aug
Sep–Dec

2018
Jan–Apr
May–Aug
Sep–Dec

2019
Jan–Apr
May–Aug
Sep–Dec

2020
Jan–Dec

2021
Jan–Dec

2022
Jan–Dec

2023
Jan-Dec

2024
Jan–Oct
Nov–present

Spillover

Israel and Golan Heights:	March 2017 incident February 2018 incident May 2018 Israel–Iran incidents
Iraq:	Akashat ambush Operation al-Shabah April 2014 Iraqi border airstrike
Jordanian border incidents	April 2014 Jordanian border airstrike
Lebanon:	Lebanese border clashes Battle of Sidon Iranian embassy bombing in Beirut North Lebanon clashes Qalamoun (Jul–Aug 2017)
Turkey:	December 2011 Turkish border clash 2012 Turkish F-4 Phantom shootdown 2012 Turkish border clashes 2013 Reyhanlı car bombings January 2014 Turkish attack in Syria Assassination of Andrei Karlov Russian Air Force Al-Bab incident 2020 Balyun airstrikes Operation Spring Shield
Elsewhere:	Deir ez-Zor missile strike (Iran)

Belligerents

Ba'athist regime

Politics of Ba'athist Syria	Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Syria Region Syrian Social Nationalist Party Arab Socialist Movement Syrian Communist Party
Military and militias	Syrian Armed Forces Syrian Resistance PFLP-GC al-Quds Brigade Palestine Liberation Army
Foreign support	Hezbollah involvement Iranian involvement Liwa Fatemiyoun Russian involvement medical facility targeting military intervention Wagner Group Russia–Syria–Iran–Iraq coalition Popular Mobilization Forces

Opposition

Interim government	National Coalition Local Coordination Committees Syrian National Council Supreme Council of the Syrian Revolution National Coordination Committee for Democratic Change Syrian Revolution General Commission Syrian Support Group Adopt a Revolution Syrian Patriotic Group
Opposition militias	Syrian National Army Free Syrian Army National Front for Liberation Army of Glory Authenticity and Development Front Army of Free Tribes Revolutionary Commando Army Muslim Brotherhood in Syria Grey Wolves
Foreign support	US intervention Jordanian intervention Qatar Saudi Arabia Turkey

Autonomous Administration
of North and East Syria

DFNS Government	Democratic Union Party Kurdish National Council Smaller political parties
SDF militias	People's Protection Units Women's Protection Units Anti-Terror Units Al-Sanadid Forces Army of Revolutionaries SDF military councils Syriac Military Council Liwa Thuwar al-Raqqa Northern Democratic Brigade
Support	Patriotic Union of Kurdistan Kurdistan Workers' Party International Freedom Battalion Sinjar Resistance Units Êzîdxan Women's Units

Islamists

Islamic State

al-Qaeda and allies

People

Elections	2011 local elections 2012 parliamentary election 2014 presidential election 2015 Northern local elections 2016 parliamentary election 2017 Northern local elections 2017 Northern regional elections 2018 local elections 2020 parliamentary election 2021 presidential election
Issues	Casualties Cities and towns Chemical weapons Damaged heritage sites Foreign involvement Human rights violations Humanitarian aid International demonstrations and protests International reactions Massacres Mass graves Refugees Sectarianism and minorities Status of the Golan Heights Spillover in Lebanon Syrian government reactions
Peace process	Arab League monitors Friends of Syria Group Kofi Annan peace plan UN supervision mission Lakhdar Brahimi peace plan U.S.–Russia peace proposals 39th G8 summit UN Security Council Resolution 2118 Geneva II conference 2015 Zabadani cease-fire agreement Vienna talks 2016 Geneva talks Idlib demilitarization (2018–present) First Northern Syria Demilitarization Deal Second Northern Syria Demilitarization Deal Syrian Constitutional Committee
Investigations/legal cases	Investigations International Commission Chemical weapons War crimes cases Germany Canada + Netherlands vs Syria
Related topics	Exclusive mandate Fourth Extraordinary Session of the Islamic Summit Conference Syria Files Syrian detainee report Syrian media coverage 2015 European migrant crisis Syrian civil war in popular culture

Category

Categories:

Latest revision as of 18:24, 23 January 2025

Background

Offensive

See also

Notes

References