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Gaelic Athletic Association

Cumann Lúthchleas Gael
Formation	1 November 1884; 140 years ago (1884-11-01) in Thurles, County Tipperary, Ireland
Type	Sports association
Purpose	The management and promotion of Gaelic games, and promotion of Irish culture and language
Headquarters	Croke Park, Dublin, Ireland
Region served	Worldwide
Membership	(2014)
Official language	Irish
President	Jarlath Burns
Staff	Limited full-time staff
Website	gaa.ie

The Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA; Irish: Cumann Lúthchleas Gael [ˈkʊmˠən̪ˠ ˈl̪ˠuːˌçlʲasˠ ˈɡeːlˠ]; CLG) is an Irish international amateur sporting and cultural organisation, focused primarily on promoting indigenous Gaelic games and pastimes, which include the traditional Irish sports of hurling, camogie, Gaelic football, Gaelic handball, and GAA rounders. The association also promotes Irish music and dance, as well as the Irish language and it also promotes environmental stewardship through its Green Clubs initiative.

As of 2014, the organisation had over 500,000 members worldwide, and declared total revenues of €96.1 million in 2022. The Competitions Control Committee (CCC) of the Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA) governing bodies organise the fixture list of Gaelic games within a GAA county or provincial councils.

Gaelic football and hurling are the most popular activities promoted by the organisation, and the most popular sports in the Republic of Ireland in terms of attendance. Gaelic football is also the second most popular participation sport in Northern Ireland. The women's version of these games, ladies' Gaelic football and camogie, are organised by the independent but closely linked Ladies' Gaelic Football Association and the Camogie Association of Ireland, respectively. GAA Handball, is the governing body for the sport of handball, while the other Gaelic sport, rounders, is managed by the GAA Rounders National Council (Irish: Comhairle Cluiche Corr na hÉireann).

Since its foundation in 1884, the association has grown to become a major influence in Irish sporting and cultural life, with considerable reach into communities throughout Ireland and among the Irish diaspora.

Foundation and history

On 1 November 1884, a group of Irishmen gathered in the Hayes' Hotel billiard room to formulate a plan and establish an organisation to foster and preserve Ireland's unique games and athletic pastimes. Arising out of the meeting, the Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA) was founded. The architects and founding members were Michael Cusack of County Clare, Maurice Davin, Joseph K. Bracken, Thomas St George McCarthy, a District Inspector in the Royal Irish Constabulary, P. J. Ryan of Tipperary, John Wyse Power and John McKay. Maurice Davin was elected president, Cusack, Wyse-Power and McKay were elected Secretaries and it was agreed that Archbishop Croke, Charles Stewart Parnell and Michael Davitt would be asked to become Patrons.

In 1922 it turned over the job of promoting athletics to the National Athletic and Cycling Association.

Competitions

The GAA organises a number of competitions at divisional, county, inter-county, provincial, inter-provincial and national (All-Ireland) levels. A number of competitions follow a progressive format in which, for example, the winners of a club county football competition progress to a competition involving the top clubs from each county in the province, with the champions from each province progressing through a series of national finals.

Cultural activities

The association has had a long history of promoting Irish culture. Through a division of the association known as Scór (Irish for "score"), the association promotes Irish cultural activities, running competitions in music, singing, dancing and storytelling.

Rule 4 of the GAA's official guide states:

The Association shall actively support the Irish language, traditional Irish dancing, music, song, and other aspects of Irish culture. It shall foster an awareness and love of the national ideals in the people of Ireland, and assist in promoting a community spirit through its clubs.

The group was formally founded in 1969 and is promoted through various Association clubs throughout Ireland (as well as some clubs outside Ireland).

Grounds

The association has many stadiums scattered throughout Ireland and beyond. Every county and nearly all clubs have grounds, with varying capacities and utilities, where they play their home games.

The hierarchical structure of the GAA is applied to the use of grounds. Clubs play at their own grounds for the early rounds of the club championship, while the latter rounds from quarter-finals to finals are usually held at a county ground, i.e. the ground where inter-county games take place or where the county board is based.

The provincial championship finals are usually played at the same venue every year. However, there have been exceptions, such as in Ulster, where in 2004 and 2005 the Ulster Football Finals were played in Croke Park, as the anticipated attendance was likely to far exceed the capacity of the traditional venue of St Tiernach's Park, Clones.

Croke Park

Croke Park is the association's flagship venue and is known colloquially as Croker or Headquarters, since the venue doubles as the association's base. With a capacity of 82,300, it ranks among the top five stadiums in Europe by capacity, having undergone extensive renovations for most of the 1990s and early 21st century. Every September, Croke Park hosts the All-Ireland inter-county Hurling and Football Finals as the conclusion to the summer championships. Croke Park holds the All-Ireland club football and hurling finals. Croke Park is named after Archbishop Thomas Croke, who was elected as a patron of the GAA during the formation of the GAA in 1884.

The Croke Park campus is also home to the National Handball Centre, which replaced the old Croke Park Handball Centre built in the 1970s. The centre is due to be the home of GAA Handball and to play host to All-Ireland Gaelic Handball finals.

Other grounds

The next three biggest grounds are all in Munster: Semple Stadium in Thurles, County Tipperary, with a capacity of 53,000, the Gaelic Grounds in Limerick, which holds 50,000, and Páirc Uí Chaoimh, County Cork, which can accommodate 45,000.

Other grounds with capacities above 25,000 include:

• Fitzgerald Stadium, in Killarney, a capacity of 43,180
• MacHale Park in Castlebar, the largest stadium in Connacht (and in the northern half of the country), a capacity of 42,000
• St Tiernach's Park in Clones, County Monaghan, hosts most Ulster finals, a capacity of 36,000
• Kingspan Breffni Park, in Cavan Town, County Cavan, which hosted International rules football series games in 2013, a capacity of 32,000
• Casement Park, in Belfast, which had a capacity of approximately 31,500 prior to its closure in 2013
• Nowlan Park, in Kilkenny, a capacity of 27,800
• O'Moore Park, in Portlaoise, County Laois, a capacity of 27,000
• Healy Park, in Omagh, County Tyrone, a capacity of 26,500
• Pearse Stadium in Galway, which has hosted International rules football series games, a capacity of 26,197

Research by former Fermanagh county footballer Niall Cunningham led to the publication in 2016 by his website, gaapitchlocator.net, of a map of 1,748 GAA grounds in Ireland, ranging from 24 grounds in his own county to 171 in Cork.

Nationalism and community relations

The association has, since its inception, been closely associated with Irish nationalism, and this has continued to the present, particularly in relation to Northern Ireland, where the sports are played predominantly by members of the mainly Catholic nationalist community, and many in the Protestant unionist population consider themselves excluded by a perceived political ethos. According to one sports historian, the GAA "is arguably the most striking example of politics shaping sport in modern history".

A perception within Northern Ireland unionist circles that the GAA is a nationalist organisation is reinforced by the naming of some GAA grounds, clubs, competitions and trophies after prominent nationalists or republicans.

Other critics point to protectionist rules such as Rule 42 which prohibits competing, chiefly British, sports (referred to by some as "garrison games" or foreign sports) from GAA grounds. As a result, the GAA became a target for loyalist paramilitaries during the Troubles when a number of GAA supporters were killed and clubhouses damaged. As the profile of Gaelic football has been raised in Ulster so too has there been an increase in the number of sectarian attacks on Gaelic clubs in Northern Ireland.

Some of the protectionist rules are as follows:

Rule 42 and other sports in GAA grounds

Rule 42 (Rule 5.1 in the 2009 rulebook) prohibits the use of GAA property for games with interests in conflict with the interests of the GAA referred to by some as "garrison games" or foreign sports. Current rules state that GAA property may only be used for the purpose or in connection with the playing of games controlled by the association. Sports not considered 'in conflict' with the GAA have been permitted.

On 16 April 2005 the GAA's congress voted to temporarily relax Rule 42 and allow international soccer and rugby to be played in the stadium while Lansdowne Road Football Ground was closed for redevelopment. The first soccer and rugby union games permitted in Croke Park took place in early 2007, the first such fixture being Ireland's home match in the Six Nations Rugby Union Championship against France.

In addition to the opening of Croke Park to competing sports, local GAA units have sought to rent their facilities out to other sports organisations for financial reasons in violation of Rule 42. The continued existence of Rule 42 has proven to be controversial since the management of Croke Park has been allowed to earn revenue by renting the facility out to competing sports organisations, but local GAA units which own smaller facilities cannot. It is also said that it is questionable as to whether or not such rental deals would be damaging to the GAA's interests.

Defunct rules

The GAA has had some notable rules in the past which have since been abolished. Rule 21, instituted in 1897 when it was suspected that Royal Irish Constabulary spies were trying to infiltrate the organization, prohibited members of the British forces from membership of the GAA. The rule was abolished after an overwhelming majority voted for its removal at a special congress convened in November 2001. Rule 27, sometimes referred to as The Ban, dated from 1901 and banned GAA members from taking part in or watching non Gaelic games. During that time people such as Douglas Hyde, GAA patron and then President of Ireland, was expelled for attending a soccer international. Rule 27 was abolished in 1971.

Cross-community outreach in Northern Ireland

The association points out the role of members of minority religions in the membership throughout its history. For example, the Protestant Jack Boothman was president of the organisation from 1993 to 1997, while Sam Maguire was a Church of Ireland member. Nonetheless, to address concerns of unionists, the association's Ulster Council has embarked on a number of initiatives aimed at making the association and Gaelic games more accessible to northern Protestants. In November 2008, the council launched a Community Development Unit, which is responsible for "Diversity and Community Outreach initiatives". The Cúchulainn Initiative is a cross-community program aimed at establishing teams consisting of Catholic and Protestant schoolchildren with no prior playing experience. Cross-community teams such as the Belfast Cuchulainn under-16 hurling team have been established and gone on to compete at the Continental Youth Championship in the USA. Similar hurling and Gaelic football teams have since emerged in Armagh, Fermanagh, Limavady. David Hassan, from the University of Ulster, has written about the cross community work of the association and other sporting bodies in Ulster.

The 'Game of three-halves' cross-community coaching initiative was established in predominantly Protestant east Belfast in 2006. Organised through Knock Presbyterian Church, this scheme brings Association coaches to work alongside their soccer and rugby counterparts to involve primary school children at summer coaching camps. The Ulster Council is also establishing cross-community football and hurling teams in schools and is developing links with the Ulster-Scots Agency and the Church of Ireland. The council has also undertaken a series of meetings with political parties and community groups who would have traditionally have had no involvement in the association.

Other community outreach

In January 2011, the then President of Ireland, Mary McAleese, announced the launch of an island-wide project called the "GAA Social Initiative". This aims to address the problem of isolation in rural areas where older people have limited engagement with the community. The initiative was later expanded by teaming up with the Irish Farmers Association to integrate that organisation's volunteers into the initiative.

Participation outside Ireland

Clubs outside Ireland

Members of the Irish diaspora have set-up clubs in a number of regions and countries outside of Ireland, and there are GAA clubs in the United States, Australia, Britain, Canada, China, continental Europe and elsewhere.

The GAA World Games were first played in Abu Dhabi in 2015. The next edition was played in Dublin in 2016 with subsequent editions to be played in Ireland every three years. The 2019 games were awarded to Waterford, but the next edition in Derry was deferred to 2023 due to the Covid pandemic.

Internationals

While some units of the association outside Ireland participate in Irish competitions, the association itself does not organise regular international games played according to the rules of either Gaelic football or hurling. However, the first international match between France and Italy was played in 2014.

Compromise rules have been reached with two "related sports".

Hurlers play an annual fixture against a national shinty team from Scotland.

International Rules Football matches have taken place between an Irish national team drawn from the ranks of Gaelic footballers, against an Australian national team drawn from the Australian Football League. The venue alternates between Ireland and Australia. In December 2006, the International series between Australia and Ireland was called off due to excessive violence in the matches, but resumed in October 2008 when Ireland won a two test series in Australia. The Irish welcomed the All Australian team at the headquarters of the GAA (Croke Park) on 21 November 2015. It was single one-off test match, which led the Irish to reclaim the Cormac McAnallen Cup by a score of 56–52.

Handball

The international dimension of Gaelic handball includes a World Championship tournament, alongside a European Tour and US Semi-Professional Tour. The 4-Wall and 1-Wall codes of the game are played around the world and the World Handball Championships are organised by the World Handball Council. A European Tour has been set up with players from across Europe participating. 4-Wall Handball is played primarily in Ireland, the US and Canada while the 1-Wall code is played (in addition to the three mentioned) in Belgium, France, Holland, Italy, Spain and the UK.

Winter training ban

To address concerns about player burnout, the association adopted a rule in 2007 that prohibited collective training for inter-county players for a period of two months every winter. This has proven to be controversial in that it is difficult to enforce; in the drive to stay competitive, managers have found ways to avoid it, such as organising informal 'athletic clubs' and other activities that they can use to work on the physical fitness of players without overtly appearing to be training specifically at Gaelic games.

See also

• GAA Confidential
• GAA GPA All Stars Awards
• GAA rounders
• Micheál Ó Muircheartaigh
• Micheál Ó Hehir
• Féile na nGael
• Sport in Ireland
• List of All-Ireland Senior Football Championship finals
• List of All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship finals

Television

• The Sunday Game
• Up for the Match
• Top 20 GAA Moments

References

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External links

• Official website
• GAA TV website
• GAA Roll of Honour

Links to related articles

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Uí Ímair and Clan MacLeod) Kingdom of Munster Kingdom of the Isles Gaelicisation Category County boards based in Ireland v t e Antrim GAA Founded in 1885 County teams Hurling Football Stadiums Corrigan Park Casement Park Competitions Hurling SHC IHC JHC Football SFC IFC JFC Camogie SCC   Category  [REDACTED] Commons v t e Armagh GAA Founded in 1889 County teams Football Hurling Stadium Athletic Grounds Competitions Football SFC IFC JFC Hurling SHC   Category  [REDACTED] Commons v t e Carlow GAA Founded in 1888 Based in Carlow, Ireland County teams Hurling Football Stadiums Netwatch Cullen Park Competitions Hurling SHC IHC JHC Football SFC Category [REDACTED] Commons v t e Cavan GAA County teams Football Hurling Stadium Breffni Park Related articles Honours Competitions Football SFC IFC JFC U20FC MFC ACFL Division 1 ACFL Division 2 ACFL Division 3 Hurling SHC Category [REDACTED] Commons v t e Clare GAA Founded in 1887 Based in Clare, Munster, Ireland County Teams Hurling Football Stadium Cusack Park, Ennis Championships Hurling Senior Intermediate Junior A U-21 A Football Senior Intermediate Junior A U-21 A Cusack Cup (League) v t e Cork GAA Founded in 1886 Based in Cork, Ireland County teams Hurling Football Camogie Ladies' football Stadiums Páirc Uí Chaoimh Páirc Uí Rinn Cork Athletic Grounds Related articles Dual county Competitions Football PSFC Tadhg Crowley Cup SAFC PIFC IAFC PJFC JAFC JBFC JCFC U21 FC Hurling PSHC Denis O'Riordan Cup SAHC PIHC IAHC PJHC JAHC JBHC PU21AHC Tournament Canon O'Brien Cup Colleges Dr O'Callaghan Cup Simcox Cup Defunct LIHC   Category  [REDACTED] Commons v t e Derry GAA County teams Football Hurling Stadiums Celtic Park Watty Graham Park Competitions Football SFC IFC JFC Other football competitions Hurling SHC IHC JHC v t e Donegal GAA Founded in 1905 Based in Donegal, Ireland County teams Football Hurling Stadiums Ballybofey Glenties Letterkenny Competitions Football SFC IFC JFC Hurling SHC IHC JHC   Category  [REDACTED] Commons v t e Down GAA County teams Football Hurling Stadiums Páirc Esler Competitions Football SFC IFC JFC Hurling SHC IHC Category [REDACTED] Commons v t e Dublin GAA County teams Football Hurling Camogie Ladies' football Stadiums O'Toole Park Parnell Park Awards Blue Stars Footballer of the Year Hurler of the Year Honours Competitions Football SFC SBFC IFC JFC U21FC MFC AFL Division 1 AFL Division 2 AFL Divisions 3 – 12B Inner City Tournament Hurling SHC SBHC IHC JHC U21HC MHC SHL Ladies' football Championship Camogie Championship Category [REDACTED] Commons v t e Fermanagh GAA County teams Football Stadium Brewster Park Competitions Football SFC Hurling SHC Category [REDACTED] Commons v t e Galway GAA County teams Football Hurling Stadium Pearse Stadium Duggan Park St Jarlath's Park Competitions Football SFC IFC JAFC Hurling SHC IHC JAHC Camogie SCC v t e Kerry GAA County teams Football Hurling Stadiums Fitzgerald Stadium Austin Stack Park Competitions Football SFC CFC IFC PJFC JFC NFC North Kerry SFC Mid Kerry SFC South Kerry SFC West Kerry SFC East Kerry SFC East Kerry JFC U21FC MFC Hurling SHC IHC JHC U21HC MHC   Category  [REDACTED] Commons v t e Kildare GAA County teams Football Hurling Stadiums St Conleth's Park Conneff Park Geraldine Park Competitions Football SFC IFC JFC Hurling SHC SBHC IHC Category [REDACTED] Commons v t e Kilkenny GAA Founded in 1887 Based in Kilkenny, Ireland County teams Hurling Football Stadium UPMC Nowlan Park Competitions Hurling championships SHC IHC PJHC JAHC U21HC MHC Hurling leagues SHL IHL JHL U21HL MHL Football championships SFC IFC JFC U21FC MFC Football leagues SFL IFL JFL U21FL MFL Camogie Championships SCC   Category  [REDACTED] Commons v t e Laois GAA County teams Football Hurling Stadiums O'Moore Park McCann Park Competitions Football ACFL SFC SBFC IFC JFC JBFC JCFC U21FC MFC Hurling ACHL SHC PIHC IHC JHC JBHC JCHC U21HC MHC Category [REDACTED] Commons v t e Leitrim GAA Founded in 1888 Based in Leitrim, Ireland County teams Football Hurling Stadiums Páirc Seán Mac Diarmada Philly McGuinness Memorial Park Competitions Football SFC IFC JFC MFC Hurling SHC v t e Limerick GAA County teams Hurling Football Stadiums Gaelic Grounds FitzGerald Park Mick Neville Park Competitions Hurling SHC PIHC IHC PJAHC JAHC Football SFC IFC PJAFC JAFC   Category  [REDACTED] Commons v t e Longford GAA County teams Football Hurling Stadiums Pearse Park Michael Fay Park Competitions Football Senior Championship Hurling Senior Championship   Category  [REDACTED] Commons v t e Louth GAA Founded in 1887 Based in Louth, Ireland County teams Football Hurling Stadiums Gaelic Grounds DEFY Páirc Mhuire Darver Competitions Football Senior Championship Intermediate Championship Junior Championship Division 1 Senior League Division 2 Intermediate League Division 3 Junior League Paddy Sheelan Cup Junior 2A Championship Junior 2A League Junior 2B Championship Under-19 Championship Minor Championship Minor B Championship Hurling Senior Championship Former Competitions Football Under-21 Championship   Category  [REDACTED] Commons v t e Mayo GAA Founded in 1888 Based in Mayo, Ireland County teams Football Hurling Stadiums Castlebar Swinford Clubs List Competitions Football SFC IFC JFC MFC Hurling SHC Category [REDACTED] Commons v t e Meath GAA County teams Football Hurling Stadiums Páirc Tailteann St Loman's Park Competitions Football SFC IFC JFC U21FC MFC AFL Division 1 Hurling SHC SBHC IHC IBHC JAHC JBHC U21HC MHC   Category  [REDACTED] Commons v t e Monaghan GAA County teams Football Hurling Stadium St Tiernach's Park Competitions Football SFC IFC JFC Hurling SHC Category [REDACTED] Commons v t e Offaly GAA County teams Football Hurling Stadiums Glenisk O'Connor Park St Brendan's Park Competitions Football SFC Hurling SHC SBHC IHC JAHC Category [REDACTED] Commons v t e Roscommon GAA Based in Roscommon, Ireland County teams Football Hurling Stadiums Dr Hyde Park Athleague Kiltoom Competitions Football SFC IFC JFC Hurling SHC v t e Sligo GAA County teams Football Hurling Stadiums Markievicz Park Connolly Park Kent Park Competitions Football SFC IFC JFC MFC U21FC SFL Division 1 SFL Division 2 IFL Division 3 (ex. Div. 2) IFL Division 4 JFL Division 5 (ex. Div. 3) Hurling SHC Dermot Molloy League v t e Tipperary GAA Founded in 1887 Based in Tipperary, Ireland County teams Hurling Football Stadiums Thurles Clonmel Nenagh Roscrea History Hayes' Hotel Honours Related articles The Premier County Competitions Hurling SHC PIHC IHC (North) JAHC Football SFC IFC Category [REDACTED] Commons v t e Tyrone GAA Founded in 1904 County teams Football Hurling Stadium Healy Park Competitions Football SFC IFC JFC Hurling SHC JHC Category [REDACTED] Commons v t e Waterford GAA Founded in 1886 Based in Waterford, Ireland County teams Hurling Football Stadiums Waterford Dungarvan Competitions Hurling SHC PIHC IHC (Eastern IHC • Western IHC) JAHC (Eastern JAHC • Western JAHC) U21 HC MHC Football SFC PIFC IFC (Eastern IFC • Western IFC) JAFC (Eastern JAFC • Western JAFC) U21 FC MFC Category [REDACTED] Commons v t e Westmeath GAA County teams Football Hurling Stadium Cusack Park Competitions Football SFC SBFC IFC JFC SFL U21FC MFC Hurling SHC SBHC IHC JHC SHL U21HC MHC   Category  [REDACTED] Commons v t e Wexford GAA County teams Hurling Football Stadiums Wexford Park O'Kennedy Park Competitions Hurling SHC IHC IAHC JHC Football SFC   Category  [REDACTED] Commons v t e Wicklow GAA Founded in 18?? Based in Wicklow, Ireland County teams Football Hurling Stadiums Joule Park Aughrim Pearse Park Clubs Arklow Rock Parnells Avondale Baltinglass Bray Emmets Éire Óg Glenealy Hollywood Kilcoole Kiltegan Newtown Rathnew St Patrick's Competitions Football SFC IFC JAFC JBFC Hurling SHC IHC JAHC JBHC Category [REDACTED] Commons

• Gaelic Athletic Association
• 1884 establishments in Ireland
• All-island sports governing bodies in Ireland
• Gaelic games governing bodies in Ireland
• Sports organizations established in 1884
• Organisations based in Dublin (city)
• Irish nationalist organisations
• International organisations based in Ireland