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{{Short description|Marvel Comics character}}
{{Superherobox| <!--Misplaced Pages:WikiProject Comics-->
{{Infobox comics character<!--Misplaced Pages:WikiProject Comics-->
image=]
| character_name = Ego the Living Planet
|caption=Ego battles ] and ] on the cover of ''Thor'' #161 (vol. 1, Feb. 1969) Art by ].
| image = Egoplanet.PNG
|character_name=Ego the Living Planet
| converted = y
|publisher=]
| caption = Ego the Living Planet as depicted in '']'' #234 (September 1981). Art by ].
|debut='']'' #132 (vol. 1, Oct. 1966)
| publisher = ]
|creators=] (writer)<br />] (artist)
| debut = <small>Cameo appearance:</small> '']'' #132 (September 1966)<ref>{{cite book |last1=Misiroglu |first1=Gina Renée |last2=Eury |first2=Michael |title=The Supervillain Book: The Evil Side of Comics and Hollywood |date=2006 |publisher=Visible Ink Press |isbn=9780780809772 |url=https://archive.org/details/supervillainbook0000gina/page/114/mode/2up |language=en}}</ref><br><small>Full appearance:</small> ''The Mighty Thor'' #133 (October 1966)
|alter_ego=
| creators = ]<br/>]
|alliances=]
| species = ] ]
|aliases=
| homeworld = Black Galaxy
|supports=
| alter_ego = Egros<ref>''Thor'' #228</ref><ref>''Ultimates 2'' #8</ref>
|powers=Matter manipulation<br>Psionic ability
| alliances = ]<br>]
|}}
| aliases =
| supports =
| powers = Exceptional intellect<br>Matter manipulation<br>Vast psionic powers
| cat = super
| subcat = Marvel Comics
| villain = y
| sortkey = Ego the Living Planet
}}
'''Ego the Living Planet''' is a fictional character appearing in ]s published by ]. The character first appeared in '']'' #132 (September 1966) and was created by writer ] and artist ].<ref>{{cite book |last1=DeFalco |first1=Tom |authorlink1=Tom DeFalco |last2=Sanderson |first2=Peter |authorlink2=Peter Sanderson |last3=Brevoort |first3=Tom |authorlink3=Tom Brevoort |last4=Teitelbaum |first4=Michael |last5=Wallace |first5=Daniel |last6=Darling |first6=Andrew |last7=Forbeck |first7=Matt |authorlink7=Matt Forbeck |last8=Cowsill |first8=Alan |last9=Bray |first9=Adam |title=The Marvel Encyclopedia |date=2019 |publisher=DK Publishing |isbn=978-1-4654-7890-0 |page=121}}</ref>


The character has made limited appearances in animation and video games, while ] portrayed ] in the live-action ] film '']'' (2017), in which Ego claims to be a ] and father of ] and ]. Russell also voiced alternate timeline versions of Ego in the ] animated series '']'' (2021).
'''Ego the Living Planet''' is a ] ] being that appears in the ]. The character first appeared in '']'' #132 (vol. 1, Oct. 1966) and was created by writer ] and artist ].


==Publication history== ==Publication history==
The fictional character of Ego the Living Planet was initially introduced in the Marvel comic book '']'' issue #132 (September 1966), and was created by writer ] and artist ]. He was an early adversary of Thor, additionally appearing in the following issue, #133 (October 1966), and issues #155 (August 1968), #160-161 (January-February 1969), and #226-228 (August-October 1974) of Thor's title. Ego the Living Planet first appeared in '']'' #132 (September 1966), and was created by ].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Brevoort |first1=Tom |last2=DeFalco |first2=Tom |last3=Manning |first3=Matthew K. |last4=Sanderson |first4=Peter |last5=Wiacek |first5=Win |title=Marvel Year By Year: A Visual History |date=2017 |publisher=DK Publishing |isbn=978-1465455505 |page=118}}</ref>


Kirby created Ego as a way of exploring his fascination with the expanse of the universe. Ego, the ] ], and ] immediately followed the creation of ], thus establishing Marvel Comics' own "] ]".<ref>{{cite journal| last=Gartland | first= Mike | title=A Failure to Communicate: Part Two| journal= Jack Kirby Collector|number= 22}} Reprinted in {{cite book |title=The Collected Jack Kirby Collector, Volume 5 | editor-first=John|editor-last=Morrow |publisher=] |year=2006 |isbn=1-893905-57-8 |page=196}}</ref> As Kirby recalled in 1969, shortly after the character's debut, Ego's genesis came when:
He also made significant appearances in subsequent comics sporadically throughout the 80's, 90's, and 2000's, including '']'' #234-235 (September-October 1981), '']'' #69 (August 1985), '']'' #4 (October 1987) and #22 (April 1989), '']'' #14-15 (September-October 1990), ''Thor Annual'' #16 (1991), ''Thor'' #448-450 (June-August 1992), and '']'' #5-6 (July-August 2003).
{{blockquote|I began to experiment ...and that's how Ego came about. ... A planet that was alive; a planet that was intelligent. That was nothing new either because there had been other stories live planets but that's not acceptable. ... ou would say, 'Yeah, that's wild,' but how do you relate to it? Why is it alive? So I felt somewhere out in the universe, the universe ... becomes denser and turns liquid—and that in this liquid, there was a giant multiple virus, and if remained isolated for millions and millions of years, it would ... begin to evolve by itself and it would begin to think. By the time we reached it, it might be quite superior to us—and that was Ego.<ref>{{cite news|title='There is Something Stupid in Violence as Violence'| publisher= Jack Kirby interview, ] (] conducted early 1969) | number=30–31| date=November 1976}} Reprinted in {{cite book|editor-first=George | editor-last=Milo |title = The Comics Journal Library, Volume One: Jack Kirby | publisher = ]| year = 2002| isbn = 1-56097-466-4 | page = 7}}</ref>}}


The first glimpse of Ego on the last page of ''Thor'' #132 is a full-page splash panel ] with his human features superimposed on a bulbous, chaotic planetoid. Kirby had been using photo collages for several years; this image has been called "his most effective and freakish to date."<ref>{{cite book |last=Wells |first=John |title=American Comic Book Chronicles: 1965-1969 |date=2014 |publisher=TwoMorrows Publishing |isbn=978-1605490557 |page=91}}</ref>
Ego played a prominent role in 2000's '']'' cross-over storyline, appearing in '']'' #35 (December 2000), ''Maximum Security: Dangerous Planet'' (October 2000), '']'' #34-35 (November-December 2000), '']'' #29 (December 2000), '']'' #23 (December 2000), and '']'' #1-3 (December 2000-January 2001).


Ego returned as a protagonist in ''Thor'' #160–161 (Jan.–Feb. 1969) and made a guest appearance in #201. His origin is explored in ''Thor'' #228.
Ego had an entry in three editions of the '']'', including issue #4 of the Deluxe Edition (March 1986), issue #9 of the Master Edition (January 1990), and issue #4 of the ''All-New Official Handbook of the Marvel Universe A-Z'' (June 2006).


Following appearances in ''Fantastic Four'' #234–235 (Sept.–Oct. 1981) and '']'' #69 (Aug. 1985), Ego had a recurring role in ''Silver Surfer'' vol. 3 #4–22 (1987–1989). The character returned in the 1991 ''Thor'' annual and issues #448–450 (June–Aug 1992).
Ego-Prime was a being created using a portion of Ego, and appeared in ''Thor'' #199 (May 1972), #201-203 (July-September 1972), and ''Quasar'' #14-15 (September-October 1990).


Ego played a prominent role in the company-wide crossover storyline "]", appearing in '']'' #35 (Dec. 2000); ''Maximum Security: Dangerous Planet'' (Oct. 2000); '']'' #34–35 (Nov.–Dec. 2000); '']'' #29 (Dec. 2000); '']'' #23 (Dec. 2000), and '']'' #1–3 (Dec. 2000{{snd}}Jan. 2001).
"]" versions of Ego have appeared in a number of titles as well. A version of Ego was featured under the ] imprint, in '']'' #1 (June 1997). Ego has also appeared in alternate versions of the Marvel Universe, in '']'' #53 (December 2004), ''] 2'' #1 (December 2007), and '']: The Avengers'' #12 (June 2007), for younger readers.


The character returned in ''Nova'' vol. 4 #20–30 and ''Astonishing Thor'' #1–5 (Nov 2010{{snd}}July 2011).
Ego the Living Planet also appeared in the "] Color Special."<ref>{{comicbookdb|type=issue|id=40618|title=Oni Press Color Special}}</ref>

Ego the Living Planet also appeared in the ''] Color Special.''


==Fictional character biography== ==Fictional character biography==
===1960s===
Like all celestial bodies, Ego condensed from gas and dust in the "Black Galaxy" to become a planet. For some inexplicable reason, however, this particular planet achieved sentience and the ability to move of its own volition. Ego then began absorbing space vessels and even other worlds to survive, planning interstellar conquest. It was this behavior that attracts the attention of the ] Colonizers, who fear that the nearby Ego will consume their home-world.
Ego once told Thor that his existence was the result of a scientist merging with a planet when that planet's sun went nova.<ref>''Thor'' #228. Marvel Comics.</ref>


The Rigellians discovered Earth, and promised to leave it unmolested if the Thunder God ] would defeat Ego. Accompanied by a Rigellian ], Thor encounters Ego and after an epic battle defeats it. As a result, Ego vows to never leave the Black Galaxy and renounced its plans of conquest. <ref>''Thor'' vol. 1, #132 - 133</ref> Several months later, a weakened Galactus invades Ego's space and seeks to replenish his energy by consuming Ego. Thor aids Ego in battling Galactus, and generates a massive God Blast that drives Galactus off. In gratitude Ego allows its surface to become the new home of the Wanderers, a race whose planet had been the very first to be devoured by Galactus billions of years ago. <ref>''Thor'' vol. 1, #160 - 161</ref> Inside the Black Galaxy, Ego's ambitions turn towards conquest. He starts absorbing space vessels and other planets to survive. This behavior attracted the attention of the ] Colonizers, who feared that the nearby Ego would consume their homeworld. They asked the help of the Thunder God, ], to defeat Ego. Accompanied by a Rigellian ], Thor encountered Ego, who forced him into his body and created Anti-body minions to attack him, intending to test their strength, so Ego can send them out into the universe to conquer worlds. Thor fought them off and stunned Ego with a powerful storm. Feeling humiliated by his defeat, Ego vowed never to leave the Black Galaxy.<ref>''Thor'' #132–133 (Sept.–Oct. 1966). Marvel Comics.</ref> Several months later, a weakened ] invaded Ego's space and sought to replenish his energy by consuming Ego. Thor aided Ego in battling Galactus and drove Galactus off.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=May 16, 2017 |title=Leggo My Ego: 15 WTF Things You NEED To Know About The Living Planet |url=https://www.cbr.com/wtf-ego-living-planet/ |access-date=September 20, 2024 |website=CBR |language=en}}</ref> In gratitude, Ego takes in the Wanderers, a group of various alien races whose planets had been the first to be devoured by Galactus billions of years ago.<ref>''Thor'' #160–161 (Jan.–Feb. 1969). Marvel Comics.</ref>


===1970s===
A well-meaning Rigellian took a sample of Ego's form, in the hope that this could be used to fertilize sterile worlds being considered for habitation.<ref>''Thor'' #201</ref> This act drives Ego insane, and it soon gives in to its primordial urges and absorbs the Wanderers, which causes Thor to side with a returning Galactus. Assisted by ally ] and Galactus' herald, ], Thor holds Ego off until Galactus attaches a massive starship engine to Ego's south pole, which drives the planet constantly through space and thereby prevents it from being a threat to other planets and populated sections of the universe. <ref>''Thor'' vol. 1, #227 - 228</ref>
The Rigellian ] took a sample of Ego to fertilize sterile worlds being considered for habitation.<ref>''Thor'' #201. Marvel Comics.</ref> However, this drives Ego insane, and it soon gives in to its primordial urges and absorbs the Wanderers, which causes Thor to side with a returning Galactus. Assisted by ] and ], Thor holds Ego off until Galactus attaches a massive starship engine to Ego's south pole, which drives him constantly through space and prevents him from being a threat to other planets and populated sections of the universe.<ref>''Thor'' #227–228 (Sept.–Oct. 1977). Marvel Comics.</ref>


===1980s===
Years later, Ego eventually gains control of the engine and tracks Galactus to Earth seeking vengeance, but is unable to locate him. Ego began attacking Earth until finally stopped by the ] and an unknown mutant known as L.R "Skip" Collins. It was on this occasion that Ego was destroyed — the ] removes the attached propulsion engine and threw it into Ego's "brain", causing an angered Ego to activate it, which unintentionally drives the planet into the Sun. Ego's substance is then broken apart by the Sun's gravitational pull. <ref>''Fantastic Four'' vol. 1, #233 - 234</ref>
Years later, Ego gains control of the engine and tracks Galactus to Earth, seeking vengeance. Unable to locate him, Ego attacks Earth. He causes massive destruction, which is later undone by a reality-altering mutant. The ] attempted to defeat Ego by removing the power cell from one of the attached propulsion engines, which the ] attempts to throw into Ego's "brain". In response, an angered Ego attempts to counter with his remaining engines but is propelled into the Sun.<ref>''Fantastic Four'' #234–235 (Sept.–Oct. 1981). Marvel Comics.</ref>


Ego, however, slowly reformed from a few surviving particles and repaired the propulsion unit. Ego digested a number of ]s to replenish Ego's energy reserves. Ego then battled ]. <ref>''Rom'' #69 (Aug. 1985)</ref> Ego, however, slowly reforms from a few surviving particles and repairs the propulsion unit.<ref name=":0" /> Ego then digests a number of ]s to replenish its energy reserves, and battles the Space Knight ].<ref>''Rom'' #69 (Aug. 1985). Marvel Comics.</ref>


Ego later joined the ], as like them it is the only one of its kind in existence. The Elders planned to destroy Galactus, although Ego was sidelined before the confrontation when defeated by the ]. <ref>''Silver Surfer'' vol. 3, #4</ref> Ego later captured the Silver Surfer, and attempts to consume his energies.<ref>''Silver Surfer'' vol. 3, #22</ref> Ego later joins the ] in a plan to destroy Galactus. Ego is sidelined before the confrontation when he is defeated by the ].<ref>''Silver Surfer'' vol. 3 #4 (Oct. 1987). Marvel Comics.</ref> Ego subsequently captures the Silver Surfer and attempts to consume his energies.<ref>''Silver Surfer'' vol. 3 #22 (Apr. 1989). Marvel Comics.</ref><ref name=":0" />


===1990s===
After being used as a pawn by the ] in a bid to reestablish the ] Empire, Ego threatened Earth one final time before being absorbed by the cosmic hero ]. <ref>''Quasar'' #14 - 15</ref>
Ego attacks a Korbinite fleet and fights the hero ]. Ego reveals to Bill that Galactus's propulsion unit is driving Ego mad, and the fleet subsequently destroys the propulsion unit.<ref>''Thor Annual'' #16 (1991). Marvel Comics.</ref> A sentient bio-verse, initially described as "Super-Ego", then begins to consume Ego, but Ego eventually escapes.<ref>''Thor'' #448–450 (June–Aug. 1992). Marvel Comics.</ref>


===2000s===
Ego later attacks the Korbinite fleet and fights ]. Ego reveals to Bill that Galactus' propulsion unit is driving Ego mad, and Bill has the fleet destroy the propulsion unit.<ref>''Thor Annual'' #16</ref>
Driven mad by the ], Ego lashes out at other planets, destroying them while trying to 'awaken' others like itself, until it is defeated in a battle with ], the Silver Surfer and ].<ref>''Maximum Security: Dangerous Planet'' (Oct. 2000). Marvel Comics.</ref> Ego is subsequently captured and sent to Earth as an "infant" in spore form.<ref>''Iron Man'' #34–35 (Nov.–Dec. 2000). Marvel Comics.</ref> As Ego grows, it begins to consume the Earth, with the Supreme Intelligence intending to allow it to grow so that the ] can take control of Ego and use it as a weapon against the rest of the universe. ] absorbs it to prevent this.<ref>''Maximum Security'' #1–3 (Dec. 2000{{snd}}Feb. 2001). Marvel Comics.</ref>


When Quasar dies during the Annihilation war,<ref>''Annihilation: Nova'' #4 (2006). Marvel Comics.</ref> Ego was released back into the Universe, only to be approached by the Worldmind to join the new ].<ref>''Nova'' #20. Marvel Comics.</ref> Ego supplants Worldmind and brainwashes the Corps.<ref name=":0" /> ] manages to defeat Ego and free Worldmind by lobotomizing the Living Planet.<ref>''Nova'' #23–25. Marvel Comics.</ref> When Ego resurfaces his personality on his body, Nova stargates ] into Ego's brain, causing pain to the Living Planet and forcing him to stargate away.<ref>''Nova'' #29–30. Marvel Comics.</ref>
Ego is later consumed by the bio-verse.<ref>''Thor'' #448-450</ref> He is driven mad again by the ], and then battles ] and ].<ref>''Maximum Security: Dangerous Planet''</ref> Ego is subsequently captured and sent to Earth as an "infant" in spore form.<ref>''Iron Man'' #34</ref> Ego begins to consume the Earth as it grows, and is absorbed into Quasar to prevent this.<ref>''Maximum Security'' #1-3</ref> Ego is later one of the beings who oppose Thanos in his bid to become all powerful.<ref>''Marvel Universe: The End'' #5-6</ref>

===2010s===
Ego learns he was one of two entities created by the ] for a science experiment, and that his brother '''Alter-Ego''' has been held in captivity by the ] since birth.<ref name=":0" /> While Ego seeks a similar entity to itself, the Stranger has arranged for Alter-Ego to hate Ego, intending to learn through their battle if freedom or captivity breeds a stronger will. Alter-Ego is wounded and loses mass when Ego is forced to attack it in self-defense, but Thor intervenes before Ego can strike a killing blow. The fragments of Alter-Ego form into a moon of Ego, and the two begin to travel together as a family.<ref name=":0" /><ref>''Astonishing Thor'' #1–5 (Nov. 2010{{snd}}July 2011). Marvel Comics.</ref>

When Ego is infested by large insect-like creatures he hires ] to eradicate them.<ref>] (w) ] (a). '']'' vol. 2 #6, Marvel Comics.</ref>

], changed into the Life-Bringer by the Ultimates, encounters Ego after regaining his strength after a battle with the new universal construct Lagos. Ego attacks Galactus as he journeys to his inner brain at the center of the planet, however loses control of his constructs, which realize that Galactus is not a threat. Ego then reveals that before his creation by the ], his consciousness was that of a man named Egros, similar to Galactus' former self Galan. After formally meeting one another and putting aside their past animosities, Galactus uses his Life-Bringer abilities to form a body for the rest of Ego, who now calls himself Ego-Prime.<ref name=":0" /> Ego-Prime then joins Eternity Watch, a group Galactus has put together to deal with the First Firmament, the first iteration of all that is, who had chained ].<ref>''The Ultimates 2'' #8. Marvel Comics.</ref> Ego-Prime participated in the final battle against the First Firmament's forces. Following the First Firmament's defeat, Ego returned to his normal antics, detaching his new body and returning to his planetoid form.<ref>''The Ultimates 2'' #100. Marvel Comics.</ref>

===2020s===
Ego later allows a Skrullian cult named the Brethren of the Forgotten Flame to take shelter in its surface and displaced itself to a specific location in the Galactic Rim so they could follow a prophetic ritual that required them to observe a constellation comprising the brightest stars in three separate Skrullian constellations. The sudden appearance of Ego in the Galactic Rim prompted an investigation by a survey team which was killed by the Skrulls which in turn prompted the Guardians of the Galaxy to investigate and thereby stumble into the cult.<ref>''Guardians of the Galaxy'' vol. 6 #14. Marvel Comics.</ref>

The team quickly found out the cult was committing a mass sacrifice, encasing Ego in a dark shell. After breaking free of the shell, Ego is possesses by the cult's object of worship, ].<ref>''Guardians of the Galaxy'' #15. Marvel Comics.</ref>


==Powers and abilities== ==Powers and abilities==
The living planet named Ego has been called a "bioverse". Every part of his substance, including the atmosphere itself, is alive as much as it is controlled by the consciousness of Ego.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Lealos |first=Shawn S. |date=September 29, 2020 |title=How Ego The Living Planet Is Comics-Accurate (& How He Isn't) |url=https://screenrant.com/mcu-ego-living-planet-comics-accuracy/ |access-date=September 20, 2024 |website=ScreenRant |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> He often molds his surface to appear as a giant face to address sentient beings and can shape his terrain at will, capable of transforming his surface into a dead world or a beautiful paradise to lure unwitting space travelers. Ego has various internal features similar to a biological lifeform, like large tunnels that have been compared to arteries and his consciousness is inside a giant, brain-like organ deep below the surface.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":0" /> To defend himself, Ego can generate massive tentacles and Antibodies: non-sentient humanoid warriors that he mentally commands.<ref name=":0" /> Ego can also create a protective shield of solid clouds to block space attacks, raise his internal temperature to burn life forms inside, has digestive organs to absorb living beings, and an immune system that lets him release the previously mentioned Antibodies to attack intruders.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Flubb|first= J.A. |title=The Great Kirby Science Fiction Concepts|journal=Jack Kirby Collector|number=15|pages= 4–9}} Reprinted in {{cite book |title=The Collected Jack Kirby Collector, Volume 3 | editor-first=John|editor-last=Morrow |publisher=TwoMorrows Publishing |year=1999 | isbn= 1-893905-02-0 |pages=}}</ref> He can also control his own radiation and magnetic fields to fool scanners or attract ships.
Ego is exceptionally intelligent, although as the name suggests it suffers from a God complex and can be emotional if thwarted. Ego is propelled through space via the engine Galactus implanted on it and can travel at faster than light speeds (for unknown reasons, Ego is unable to remove the powerful propulsion unit placed at its south pole). Ego has total control over its entire mass down to the molecular level; it often shapes its surface into the appearance of a gigantic face to address powerful beings, and can also shape its terrain to suit the circumstances. It is able to use its own substance to extrude tentacles, organic sensors, plant-like growth, and to create humanoid vessels for its consciousness. It can shape its surface to appear as a dead inhospitable world, or into an idyllic paradise to lure unaware space travelers to its surface, which it then absorbs. Ego possesses various internal features analogous to a living organism, such as gigantic tunnels that have been compared to arteries, and a gigantic brain-like organ deep below its surface. Ego possesses both digestive organs, which it uses when absorbing living beings, and an immune system with which to create powerful antibodies to destroy beings which resist absorption.

Ego can generate vast psionic energies that rival a hungered ] at their peak. He can project energy blasts to obliterate starships or planets,<ref>''Maximum Security'' #1. Marvel Comics.</ref> read minds and scan their biological structure,<ref>''Thor'' #133. Marvel Comics.</ref> and communicate to sentient beings using telepathy. If his energy reserves diminish, Ego can restore them by devouring planets, tapping into stars, or digesting large numbers of living beings.<ref name=":1" />

Additionally, Ego is exceptionally intelligent, although as his name suggests, he harbors an extreme superiority complex and can be emotional if thwarted. For a while, Ego was propelled through space via the engine Galactus implanted on his south pole, but eventually gained control of the ability to travel at faster-than-light speeds without it.<ref>''Fantastic Four'' #234–235 (Sept–Oct 1981). Marvel Comics.</ref>


==Other versions== ==Other versions==
===Amalgam Comics=== ===Amalgam Comics===
Two characters based on Ego appear in the Amalgam Comics universe: '''Oa the Living Planet''', a fusion of Ego and ], and '''Ego-Mass''', a fusion of Ego and the ].<ref>{{Marvunapp|http://www.marvunapp.com/Appendix/ironlant.htm#oa|Oa the Living Planet}}</ref>
{{main|Oa the Living Planet}}
During the "]" ] event between Marvel Comics and DC Comics, a new character named ] was created by merging DC's ] with Marvel's Ego the Living Planet.<ref>''Iron Lantern'' #1 (June 1997)</ref>


===Exiles=== ===''Exiles''===
An alternate universe version of Ego is a deadly enemy of the cosmic entities the ], and deliberately attempts to spoil their delicate experimentation on other worlds. Ego is eventually killed when ] teleports one of ]'s devices into Ego's brain.<ref>''Exiles'' #53 (December 2004)</ref> Ego appears in '']'' #53 (December 2004). Set in the universe of Earth-4162, Ego grants the Earth sentience in an attempt to create another living planet. However, the Fantastic Four and Exiles convince Earth to oppose Ego, with ] eventually killing him by drilling into his brain.<ref>''Exiles'' #53 (Dec 2004). Marvel Comics.</ref>


=== Marvel Zombies === ===''King Thor''===
In an alternate universe many of the "zombified" Marvel heroes have become an entity called "The Galactus", and after encountering the living planet consume it. <ref>''Marvel Zombies 2'' #1 (2007)</ref> An alternate universe variant of Ego from Earth-14412 appears in ''Thor'' (vol. 5). This version wielded the ] before being killed by ].<ref>''Thor'' (vol. 4). Marvel Comics.</ref>


=== Marvel Adventures === ===Marvel 2099===
An alternate universe variant of Ego from Earth-2099 appears in '']''.<ref>''Annihilation 2099'' #3. Marvel Comics.</ref>
Ego takes an amourous interest in the Earth but flees once the ] are alerted for fear of being "infected". <ref>''Marvel Adventures Avengers'' #12 (2007)</ref>

===''Marvel Adventures''===
Ego appears in '']: The Avengers'' #12 (June 2007), a series created for younger readers. In this story, Ego causes natural disasters on Earth when he arrives to woo ].<ref>''Marvel Adventures: The Avengers'' #12. Marvel Comics.</ref>

===''Marvel Zombies 2''===
In '']'', Ego is one of the last few survivors of a reality-spanning zombie rampage. However, he is found and eaten.<ref>'']'' #1 (December 2007). Marvel Comics.</ref>


==In other media== ==In other media==
===Television=== ===Television===
* Ego appeared in the '']'' episode "To Battle the Living Planet" voiced by ]. Just like the comics, Ego also battles with Galactus. * Ego the Living Planet appears in the '']'' episode "To Battle the Living Planet", voiced by ].{{Citation needed|date=March 2019}}
* Ego the Living Planet appeared in the '']'' animated series voiced by ]. * Ego the Living Planet appears in '']'', voiced by Roy Lewis.{{Citation needed|date=March 2019}}
* Ego the Living Planet makes a cameo appearance in '']'' episode "World War Witch!".{{Citation needed|date=March 2019}}
* Ego the Living Planet appears in '']'', voiced by ].<ref name="btva">{{cite web |title=Ego the Living Planet Voices (Thor) |url=https://www.behindthevoiceactors.com/characters/Thor/Ego-the-Living-Planet/ |access-date=December 23, 2019 |work=Behind The Voice Actors |postscript=. A green check mark indicates that a role has been confirmed using a screenshot (or collage of screenshots) of a title's list of voice actors and their respective characters found in its credits or other reliable sources of information.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Buxton |first=Marc |date=September 1, 2013 |title=''Hulk and The Agents of S.M.A.S.H.'': All About Ego, Review |url=https://www.denofgeek.com/comics/hulk-and-the-agents-of-smash-all-about-ego-review/ |access-date=September 20, 2024 |website=Den of Geek |language=en-US}}</ref> This version is controlled by '''Little Ego''', a smaller version of his outer self that requires a connection to him to survive. If anyone else takes control of the host planet, it will assume the controller's head's appearance.

===Marvel Cinematic Universe===
] as Ego in the 2017 film '']'']]
Ego appears in media set in the ], portrayed by ].<ref>Martston, George (July 23, 2016). . ]. from the original on May 14, 2017.</ref> This version is the biological father of ] and ] and claims to be a ]. Additionally, he came into existence millions of years ago and learned to use his cosmic powers to manipulate matter and form an entire planet around himself as well as utilize many resources and a humanoid avatar to interact with other sentient beings. However, he became bored of immortality and disappointed with a universe full of inferior life and sets out to remake the universe in his image via seedlings planted on various worlds.
* In the live-action film '']'', Ego finds his son, explains his plan, and reveals he requires the power of another Celestial to activate the seedlings. To achieve this, Ego mated with various species until a suitable offspring was conceived to facilitate his plan, with Quill being the only offspring to have inherited his power. However, Quill rebels against Ego after learning that the latter had killed his mother and joins the ] in killing Ego and foiling his plan.
* Alternate timeline variants of Ego appear in the ] animated series '']'', voiced by Russell.<ref name="btva" />

===Video games===
* Ego the Living Planet appears in '']''.<ref>. '']''. September 11, 2013.</ref>
* Ego the Living Planet appears in '']''.<ref>Marnell, Blair (May 27, 2017), " {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171228171832/https://nerdist.com/lego-marvel-super-heroes-2-trailer-kang-guardians-of-the-galaxy-spider-gwen/ |date=2017-12-28 }}," ]. Retrieved June 7, 2017</ref> Additionally, the MCU incaration appears as a playable character via the ''Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2'' ].{{citation needed|date=December 2020}}


===Music=== ===Music===
The band ], on their album '']'', include an instrumental track named after ''Ego, the Living Planet''. American ] band ] recorded a song titled "Ego the Living Planet" which was released on their album '']''.{{citation needed|date=October 2021}}

==Reception==
In his 1972 book ''Outlaws of America'', author Roger Lewis argues that Ego the Living Planet reflected ] that people were contemplating in the 1960s, when he was initially conceived.<ref>{{cite book | title = Outlaws of America | author = Roger Lewis | publisher = Penguin | year = 1972}}</ref>

The 2007 storyline "Ego the Loving Planet", which ran in '']'' #12, featuring Ego in a main capacity, and was praised by Ray Tate of ComicsBulletin for its simultaneous inventiveness and logical sense.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.comicsbulletin.com/reviews/117718711510698.htm|title=Marvel Adventures #12 Review|last=Tate|first=Ray|date=2007-04-21|publisher=Comics Bulletin|access-date=2009-01-20|archive-date=2009-10-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091001164625/http://www.comicsbulletin.com/reviews/117718711510698.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref>

In August 2009, '']'' listed Ego as one of the "Top 10 Oddest Marvel Characters".<ref>{{cite news|newspaper=]|url=https://entertainment.time.com/2009/09/02/top-10-oddest-marvel-characters/slide/ego/|title=Top 10 Oddest Marvel Characters|date=August 31, 2009}}</ref>

In the 2015 book ''Marvel Comics in the 1960s'', Pierre Comtois stated that, "With the creation of Ego , unbelievably, managed to equal if not top their introduction of Galactus only a few months before. Not just a living planet, but a living "bio-verse", Ego presents the reader with a menace so gigantic, so incalculable that it dwarfed even a character with the power of a god."<ref>{{cite book |last=Comtois |first=Pierre |title=Marvel Comics in the 1960s: An Issue By Issue Field Guide to a Pop Culture Phenomenon |date=2015 |publisher=TwoMorrows Publishing |isbn=978-1-60549-016-8 |page=140}}</ref>


==Notes== ==See also==
* ]
{{reflist|2}}
* ]
* ]


==References== ==References==
{{Reflist}}
*{{comicbookdb|type=character|id=3879|title=Ego the Living Planet}}
*{{cite web |url=http://www.marvel.com/universe/Ego |title=Ego the Living Planet page on Marvel.com |accessdate=2008-03-07 |publisher=marvel.com}}


==External links== ==External links==
* * at Marvel.com
* at Marvel Comics Database Project


{{Fantastic Four}}
{{Galactus}}
{{Guardians of the Galaxy}}
{{Nova Corps}}
{{Silver Surfer}}
{{Thor}} {{Thor}}
{{Marvel Cosmic}}
{{Stan Lee}}
{{Jack Kirby}}


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Latest revision as of 07:04, 11 January 2025

Marvel Comics character Comics character
Ego the Living Planet
Ego the Living Planet as depicted in Fantastic Four #234 (September 1981). Art by John Byrne.
Publication information
PublisherMarvel Comics
First appearanceCameo appearance: The Mighty Thor #132 (September 1966)
Full appearance: The Mighty Thor #133 (October 1966)
Created byStan Lee
Jack Kirby
In-story information
Alter egoEgros
SpeciesSentient planet
Place of originBlack Galaxy
Team affiliationsNova Corps
Elders of the Universe
AbilitiesExceptional intellect
Matter manipulation
Vast psionic powers

Ego the Living Planet is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The character first appeared in Thor #132 (September 1966) and was created by writer Stan Lee and artist Jack Kirby.

The character has made limited appearances in animation and video games, while Kurt Russell portrayed the character in the live-action Marvel Cinematic Universe film Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2 (2017), in which Ego claims to be a Celestial and father of Peter Quill and Mantis. Russell also voiced alternate timeline versions of Ego in the Disney+ animated series What If...? (2021).

Publication history

Ego the Living Planet first appeared in The Mighty Thor #132 (September 1966), and was created by Jack Kirby.

Kirby created Ego as a way of exploring his fascination with the expanse of the universe. Ego, the alien Kree, and The Colonizers immediately followed the creation of Galactus, thus establishing Marvel Comics' own "space age mythology". As Kirby recalled in 1969, shortly after the character's debut, Ego's genesis came when:

I began to experiment ...and that's how Ego came about. ... A planet that was alive; a planet that was intelligent. That was nothing new either because there had been other stories live planets but that's not acceptable. ... ou would say, 'Yeah, that's wild,' but how do you relate to it? Why is it alive? So I felt somewhere out in the universe, the universe ... becomes denser and turns liquid—and that in this liquid, there was a giant multiple virus, and if remained isolated for millions and millions of years, it would ... begin to evolve by itself and it would begin to think. By the time we reached it, it might be quite superior to us—and that was Ego.

The first glimpse of Ego on the last page of Thor #132 is a full-page splash panel photo collage with his human features superimposed on a bulbous, chaotic planetoid. Kirby had been using photo collages for several years; this image has been called "his most effective and freakish to date."

Ego returned as a protagonist in Thor #160–161 (Jan.–Feb. 1969) and made a guest appearance in #201. His origin is explored in Thor #228.

Following appearances in Fantastic Four #234–235 (Sept.–Oct. 1981) and Rom #69 (Aug. 1985), Ego had a recurring role in Silver Surfer vol. 3 #4–22 (1987–1989). The character returned in the 1991 Thor annual and issues #448–450 (June–Aug 1992).

Ego played a prominent role in the company-wide crossover storyline "Maximum Security", appearing in Avengers #35 (Dec. 2000); Maximum Security: Dangerous Planet (Oct. 2000); Iron Man #34–35 (Nov.–Dec. 2000); X-Men Unlimited #29 (Dec. 2000); Gambit #23 (Dec. 2000), and Maximum Security #1–3 (Dec. 2000 – Jan. 2001).

The character returned in Nova vol. 4 #20–30 and Astonishing Thor #1–5 (Nov 2010 – July 2011).

Ego the Living Planet also appeared in the Oni Press Color Special.

Fictional character biography

1960s

Ego once told Thor that his existence was the result of a scientist merging with a planet when that planet's sun went nova.

Inside the Black Galaxy, Ego's ambitions turn towards conquest. He starts absorbing space vessels and other planets to survive. This behavior attracted the attention of the Rigellian Colonizers, who feared that the nearby Ego would consume their homeworld. They asked the help of the Thunder God, Thor, to defeat Ego. Accompanied by a Rigellian Recorder, Thor encountered Ego, who forced him into his body and created Anti-body minions to attack him, intending to test their strength, so Ego can send them out into the universe to conquer worlds. Thor fought them off and stunned Ego with a powerful storm. Feeling humiliated by his defeat, Ego vowed never to leave the Black Galaxy. Several months later, a weakened Galactus invaded Ego's space and sought to replenish his energy by consuming Ego. Thor aided Ego in battling Galactus and drove Galactus off. In gratitude, Ego takes in the Wanderers, a group of various alien races whose planets had been the first to be devoured by Galactus billions of years ago.

1970s

The Rigellian Tana Nile took a sample of Ego to fertilize sterile worlds being considered for habitation. However, this drives Ego insane, and it soon gives in to its primordial urges and absorbs the Wanderers, which causes Thor to side with a returning Galactus. Assisted by Hercules and Firelord, Thor holds Ego off until Galactus attaches a massive starship engine to Ego's south pole, which drives him constantly through space and prevents him from being a threat to other planets and populated sections of the universe.

1980s

Years later, Ego gains control of the engine and tracks Galactus to Earth, seeking vengeance. Unable to locate him, Ego attacks Earth. He causes massive destruction, which is later undone by a reality-altering mutant. The Fantastic Four attempted to defeat Ego by removing the power cell from one of the attached propulsion engines, which the Thing attempts to throw into Ego's "brain". In response, an angered Ego attempts to counter with his remaining engines but is propelled into the Sun.

Ego, however, slowly reforms from a few surviving particles and repairs the propulsion unit. Ego then digests a number of Dire Wraiths to replenish its energy reserves, and battles the Space Knight Rom.

Ego later joins the Elders of the Universe in a plan to destroy Galactus. Ego is sidelined before the confrontation when he is defeated by the Silver Surfer. Ego subsequently captures the Silver Surfer and attempts to consume his energies.

1990s

Ego attacks a Korbinite fleet and fights the hero Beta Ray Bill. Ego reveals to Bill that Galactus's propulsion unit is driving Ego mad, and the fleet subsequently destroys the propulsion unit. A sentient bio-verse, initially described as "Super-Ego", then begins to consume Ego, but Ego eventually escapes.

2000s

Driven mad by the Supreme Intelligence, Ego lashes out at other planets, destroying them while trying to 'awaken' others like itself, until it is defeated in a battle with Professor X, the Silver Surfer and Cadre K. Ego is subsequently captured and sent to Earth as an "infant" in spore form. As Ego grows, it begins to consume the Earth, with the Supreme Intelligence intending to allow it to grow so that the Kree can take control of Ego and use it as a weapon against the rest of the universe. Quasar absorbs it to prevent this.

When Quasar dies during the Annihilation war, Ego was released back into the Universe, only to be approached by the Worldmind to join the new Nova Corps. Ego supplants Worldmind and brainwashes the Corps. Nova manages to defeat Ego and free Worldmind by lobotomizing the Living Planet. When Ego resurfaces his personality on his body, Nova stargates Mindless Ones into Ego's brain, causing pain to the Living Planet and forcing him to stargate away.

2010s

Ego learns he was one of two entities created by the Stranger for a science experiment, and that his brother Alter-Ego has been held in captivity by the Collector since birth. While Ego seeks a similar entity to itself, the Stranger has arranged for Alter-Ego to hate Ego, intending to learn through their battle if freedom or captivity breeds a stronger will. Alter-Ego is wounded and loses mass when Ego is forced to attack it in self-defense, but Thor intervenes before Ego can strike a killing blow. The fragments of Alter-Ego form into a moon of Ego, and the two begin to travel together as a family.

When Ego is infested by large insect-like creatures he hires Rocket Raccoon to eradicate them.

Galactus, changed into the Life-Bringer by the Ultimates, encounters Ego after regaining his strength after a battle with the new universal construct Lagos. Ego attacks Galactus as he journeys to his inner brain at the center of the planet, however loses control of his constructs, which realize that Galactus is not a threat. Ego then reveals that before his creation by the Stranger, his consciousness was that of a man named Egros, similar to Galactus' former self Galan. After formally meeting one another and putting aside their past animosities, Galactus uses his Life-Bringer abilities to form a body for the rest of Ego, who now calls himself Ego-Prime. Ego-Prime then joins Eternity Watch, a group Galactus has put together to deal with the First Firmament, the first iteration of all that is, who had chained Eternity. Ego-Prime participated in the final battle against the First Firmament's forces. Following the First Firmament's defeat, Ego returned to his normal antics, detaching his new body and returning to his planetoid form.

2020s

Ego later allows a Skrullian cult named the Brethren of the Forgotten Flame to take shelter in its surface and displaced itself to a specific location in the Galactic Rim so they could follow a prophetic ritual that required them to observe a constellation comprising the brightest stars in three separate Skrullian constellations. The sudden appearance of Ego in the Galactic Rim prompted an investigation by a survey team which was killed by the Skrulls which in turn prompted the Guardians of the Galaxy to investigate and thereby stumble into the cult.

The team quickly found out the cult was committing a mass sacrifice, encasing Ego in a dark shell. After breaking free of the shell, Ego is possesses by the cult's object of worship, Dormammu.

Powers and abilities

The living planet named Ego has been called a "bioverse". Every part of his substance, including the atmosphere itself, is alive as much as it is controlled by the consciousness of Ego. He often molds his surface to appear as a giant face to address sentient beings and can shape his terrain at will, capable of transforming his surface into a dead world or a beautiful paradise to lure unwitting space travelers. Ego has various internal features similar to a biological lifeform, like large tunnels that have been compared to arteries and his consciousness is inside a giant, brain-like organ deep below the surface. To defend himself, Ego can generate massive tentacles and Antibodies: non-sentient humanoid warriors that he mentally commands. Ego can also create a protective shield of solid clouds to block space attacks, raise his internal temperature to burn life forms inside, has digestive organs to absorb living beings, and an immune system that lets him release the previously mentioned Antibodies to attack intruders. He can also control his own radiation and magnetic fields to fool scanners or attract ships.

Ego can generate vast psionic energies that rival a hungered Galactus at their peak. He can project energy blasts to obliterate starships or planets, read minds and scan their biological structure, and communicate to sentient beings using telepathy. If his energy reserves diminish, Ego can restore them by devouring planets, tapping into stars, or digesting large numbers of living beings.

Additionally, Ego is exceptionally intelligent, although as his name suggests, he harbors an extreme superiority complex and can be emotional if thwarted. For a while, Ego was propelled through space via the engine Galactus implanted on his south pole, but eventually gained control of the ability to travel at faster-than-light speeds without it.

Other versions

Amalgam Comics

Two characters based on Ego appear in the Amalgam Comics universe: Oa the Living Planet, a fusion of Ego and Oa, and Ego-Mass, a fusion of Ego and the Source.

Exiles

Ego appears in Exiles #53 (December 2004). Set in the universe of Earth-4162, Ego grants the Earth sentience in an attempt to create another living planet. However, the Fantastic Four and Exiles convince Earth to oppose Ego, with Blink eventually killing him by drilling into his brain.

King Thor

An alternate universe variant of Ego from Earth-14412 appears in Thor (vol. 5). This version wielded the Necrosword before being killed by Loki.

Marvel 2099

An alternate universe variant of Ego from Earth-2099 appears in Marvel 2099.

Marvel Adventures

Ego appears in Marvel Adventures: The Avengers #12 (June 2007), a series created for younger readers. In this story, Ego causes natural disasters on Earth when he arrives to woo Giant Girl.

Marvel Zombies 2

In Marvel Zombies 2, Ego is one of the last few survivors of a reality-spanning zombie rampage. However, he is found and eaten.

In other media

Television

  • Ego the Living Planet appears in the Fantastic Four episode "To Battle the Living Planet", voiced by Kay E. Kuter.
  • Ego the Living Planet appears in Silver Surfer, voiced by Roy Lewis.
  • Ego the Living Planet makes a cameo appearance in The Super Hero Squad Show episode "World War Witch!".
  • Ego the Living Planet appears in Hulk and the Agents of S.M.A.S.H., voiced by Kevin Michael Richardson. This version is controlled by Little Ego, a smaller version of his outer self that requires a connection to him to survive. If anyone else takes control of the host planet, it will assume the controller's head's appearance.

Marvel Cinematic Universe

Kurt Russell as Ego in the 2017 film Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2

Ego appears in media set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe, portrayed by Kurt Russell. This version is the biological father of Peter Quill and Mantis and claims to be a Celestial. Additionally, he came into existence millions of years ago and learned to use his cosmic powers to manipulate matter and form an entire planet around himself as well as utilize many resources and a humanoid avatar to interact with other sentient beings. However, he became bored of immortality and disappointed with a universe full of inferior life and sets out to remake the universe in his image via seedlings planted on various worlds.

  • In the live-action film Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2, Ego finds his son, explains his plan, and reveals he requires the power of another Celestial to activate the seedlings. To achieve this, Ego mated with various species until a suitable offspring was conceived to facilitate his plan, with Quill being the only offspring to have inherited his power. However, Quill rebels against Ego after learning that the latter had killed his mother and joins the Guardians of the Galaxy in killing Ego and foiling his plan.
  • Alternate timeline variants of Ego appear in the Disney+ animated series What If...?, voiced by Russell.

Video games

Music

American stoner metal band Monster Magnet recorded a song titled "Ego the Living Planet" which was released on their album Dopes to Infinity.

Reception

In his 1972 book Outlaws of America, author Roger Lewis argues that Ego the Living Planet reflected risks to civilization, humans and planet Earth that people were contemplating in the 1960s, when he was initially conceived.

The 2007 storyline "Ego the Loving Planet", which ran in Marvel Adventures: The Avengers #12, featuring Ego in a main capacity, and was praised by Ray Tate of ComicsBulletin for its simultaneous inventiveness and logical sense.

In August 2009, Time listed Ego as one of the "Top 10 Oddest Marvel Characters".

In the 2015 book Marvel Comics in the 1960s, Pierre Comtois stated that, "With the creation of Ego , unbelievably, managed to equal if not top their introduction of Galactus only a few months before. Not just a living planet, but a living "bio-verse", Ego presents the reader with a menace so gigantic, so incalculable that it dwarfed even a character with the power of a god."

See also

References

  1. Misiroglu, Gina Renée; Eury, Michael (2006). The Supervillain Book: The Evil Side of Comics and Hollywood. Visible Ink Press. ISBN 9780780809772.
  2. Thor #228
  3. Ultimates 2 #8
  4. DeFalco, Tom; Sanderson, Peter; Brevoort, Tom; Teitelbaum, Michael; Wallace, Daniel; Darling, Andrew; Forbeck, Matt; Cowsill, Alan; Bray, Adam (2019). The Marvel Encyclopedia. DK Publishing. p. 121. ISBN 978-1-4654-7890-0.
  5. Brevoort, Tom; DeFalco, Tom; Manning, Matthew K.; Sanderson, Peter; Wiacek, Win (2017). Marvel Year By Year: A Visual History. DK Publishing. p. 118. ISBN 978-1465455505.
  6. Gartland, Mike. "A Failure to Communicate: Part Two". Jack Kirby Collector (22). Reprinted in Morrow, John, ed. (2006). The Collected Jack Kirby Collector, Volume 5. TwoMorrows Publishing. p. 196. ISBN 1-893905-57-8.
  7. "'There is Something Stupid in Violence as Violence'". No. 30–31. Jack Kirby interview, The Nostalgia Journal (interview conducted early 1969). November 1976. Reprinted in Milo, George, ed. (2002). The Comics Journal Library, Volume One: Jack Kirby. Fantagraphics Books. p. 7. ISBN 1-56097-466-4.
  8. Wells, John (2014). American Comic Book Chronicles: 1965-1969. TwoMorrows Publishing. p. 91. ISBN 978-1605490557.
  9. Thor #228. Marvel Comics.
  10. Thor #132–133 (Sept.–Oct. 1966). Marvel Comics.
  11. ^ "Leggo My Ego: 15 WTF Things You NEED To Know About The Living Planet". CBR. May 16, 2017. Retrieved September 20, 2024.
  12. Thor #160–161 (Jan.–Feb. 1969). Marvel Comics.
  13. Thor #201. Marvel Comics.
  14. Thor #227–228 (Sept.–Oct. 1977). Marvel Comics.
  15. Fantastic Four #234–235 (Sept.–Oct. 1981). Marvel Comics.
  16. Rom #69 (Aug. 1985). Marvel Comics.
  17. Silver Surfer vol. 3 #4 (Oct. 1987). Marvel Comics.
  18. Silver Surfer vol. 3 #22 (Apr. 1989). Marvel Comics.
  19. Thor Annual #16 (1991). Marvel Comics.
  20. Thor #448–450 (June–Aug. 1992). Marvel Comics.
  21. Maximum Security: Dangerous Planet (Oct. 2000). Marvel Comics.
  22. Iron Man #34–35 (Nov.–Dec. 2000). Marvel Comics.
  23. Maximum Security #1–3 (Dec. 2000 – Feb. 2001). Marvel Comics.
  24. Annihilation: Nova #4 (2006). Marvel Comics.
  25. Nova #20. Marvel Comics.
  26. Nova #23–25. Marvel Comics.
  27. Nova #29–30. Marvel Comics.
  28. Astonishing Thor #1–5 (Nov. 2010 – July 2011). Marvel Comics.
  29. Young, Skottie (w) Parker, Jake (a). Rocket Raccoon vol. 2 #6, Marvel Comics.
  30. The Ultimates 2 #8. Marvel Comics.
  31. The Ultimates 2 #100. Marvel Comics.
  32. Guardians of the Galaxy vol. 6 #14. Marvel Comics.
  33. Guardians of the Galaxy #15. Marvel Comics.
  34. ^ Lealos, Shawn S. (September 29, 2020). "How Ego The Living Planet Is Comics-Accurate (& How He Isn't)". ScreenRant. Retrieved September 20, 2024.
  35. Flubb, J.A. "The Great Kirby Science Fiction Concepts". Jack Kirby Collector (15): 4–9. Reprinted in Morrow, John, ed. (1999). The Collected Jack Kirby Collector, Volume 3. TwoMorrows Publishing. pp. 132–133. ISBN 1-893905-02-0.
  36. Maximum Security #1. Marvel Comics.
  37. Thor #133. Marvel Comics.
  38. Fantastic Four #234–235 (Sept–Oct 1981). Marvel Comics.
  39. Oa the Living Planet at The Appendix to the Handbook of the Marvel Universe
  40. Exiles #53 (Dec 2004). Marvel Comics.
  41. Thor (vol. 4). Marvel Comics.
  42. Annihilation 2099 #3. Marvel Comics.
  43. Marvel Adventures: The Avengers #12. Marvel Comics.
  44. Marvel Zombies 2 #1 (December 2007). Marvel Comics.
  45. ^ "Ego the Living Planet Voices (Thor)". Behind The Voice Actors. Retrieved December 23, 2019. A green check mark indicates that a role has been confirmed using a screenshot (or collage of screenshots) of a title's list of voice actors and their respective characters found in its credits or other reliable sources of information.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: postscript (link)
  46. Buxton, Marc (September 1, 2013). "Hulk and The Agents of S.M.A.S.H.: All About Ego, Review". Den of Geek. Retrieved September 20, 2024.
  47. Martston, George (July 23, 2016). "STAR-LORD's FATHER Revealed ... James Gunn Explains in Detail". Newsarama. Archived from the original on May 14, 2017.
  48. "Lego Marvel Super Heroes preview and interview – from Iron Man to Squirrel Girl". Metro. September 11, 2013.
  49. Marnell, Blair (May 27, 2017), "Lego Marvel Super Heroes 2 Trailer Introduces Kang and a Crazy Lineup of Heroes Archived 2017-12-28 at the Wayback Machine," Nerdist News. Retrieved June 7, 2017
  50. Roger Lewis (1972). Outlaws of America. Penguin.
  51. Tate, Ray (2007-04-21). "Marvel Adventures #12 Review". Comics Bulletin. Archived from the original on 2009-10-01. Retrieved 2009-01-20.
  52. "Top 10 Oddest Marvel Characters". Time. August 31, 2009.
  53. Comtois, Pierre (2015). Marvel Comics in the 1960s: An Issue By Issue Field Guide to a Pop Culture Phenomenon. TwoMorrows Publishing. p. 140. ISBN 978-1-60549-016-8.

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