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{{Short description|Species of plant in the family Brassicaceae}}
{{Taxobox
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
⚫ | image =
{{Speciesbox
| image_width = 260px
⚫ |image =
| image_caption =
⚫ |genus = Subularia
| regnum = ]ae
⚫ |species = monticola
| divisio = ]
|authority = ] ex ]<ref name=KewPOWO>{{cite web|url= https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:290259-1|title= Subularia monticola A.Braun ex Schweinf.|author=<!--Not stated-->|date=n.d.|website=Plants of the World Online|publisher=The Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew|access-date= September 25, 2020}}</ref><ref name=WFoL>{{cite web|url= http://www.worldfloraonline.org/taxon/wfo-0001216525|title= Subularia monticola A. Braun ex Schweinf.|author=<!--Not stated-->|date=n.d.|website=World Flora Online|publisher=The World Flora Online Consortium|access-date= September 25, 2020}}</ref><ref name="apd">{{Cite web| url = http://www.ville-ge.ch/cjb/bd/africa/details.php?langue=an&id=78167| title = ''Subularia monticola'' A.Br. ex Schweinf. record n° 78167| access-date = 8 May 2008| work = African Plants Database| publisher = ] and Tela Botanica}}</ref><ref name="halle">{{Cite web| url = http://www2.biologie.uni-halle.de/bot/brassic.html| title = Type specimens of the Brassicaceae in the Herbarium of the Martin-Luther-University Halle Wittenberg (HAL)| access-date = 8 May 2008| last = Hoffmann| first = Matthias H.| date = 2003-10-27| publisher = ]}}</ref>
| classis = ]
⚫ |range_map = Range of Subularia monticola.svg
| ordo = ]
⚫ |range_map_caption = Range of ''Subularia monticola''
| familia = ]
⚫ | genus = '']''
⚫ | species = '''''S. monticola'''''
| binomial = ''Subularia monticola''
| binomial_authority = ] ex ]<ref name="apd">{{cite web
| url = http://www.ville-ge.ch/cjb/bd/africa/details.php?langue=an&id=78167
| title = ''Subularia monticola'' A.Br. ex Schweinf. record n° 78167
| accessdate = 2008-05-08
| format = HTML
| work = African Plants Database
| publisher = ] and Tela Botanica
}}</ref> (1867)<ref name="halle">{{cite web
| url = http://www2.biologie.uni-halle.de/bot/brassic.html
| title = Type specimens of the Brassicaceae in the Herbarium of the Martin-Luther-University Halle Wittenberg (HAL)
| accessdate = 2008-05-08
⚫ | last = Hoffmann
| first = Matthias H.
| date = 2003-10-27
| format = HTML
| publisher = ]
}}</ref>
| synonyms =
⚫ | range_map = Range of Subularia monticola.svg
| range_map_width = 240px
⚫ | range_map_caption = Range of ''Subularia monticola''
}} }}


'''''Subularia monticola''''' one of the water loving, ] of the genus '']'' in the mustard family ] makes its home in the cool, moist high elevations of ], ], ], ] and ].<ref name="apd"/><ref name="Kubitzki">{{cite book '''''Subularia monticola''''' is one of the water loving, ] of the genus '']'' in the family ]. It lives in the cool, moist high elevations of ], ], ], ] and ].<ref name="apd"/><ref name="Kubitzki">{{Cite book
| coauthors = K. Kubitzki, K.U. Kramer, P.S. Green, J. G. Rohwer, V. Bittrich, H. Huber, J. W. Kadereit, C. Jeffrey |author=K. Kubitzki |author2=K.U. Kramer |author3=P.S. Green |author4=J. G. Rohwer |author5=V. Bittrich |author6=H. Huber |author7=J. W. Kadereit |author8=C. Jeffrey
| title = The families and genera of vascular plants | title = The families and genera of vascular plants
| url = http://books.google.com/books?id=I8oMV1lsS6kC&pg=PA163&lpg=PA163&source=web&ots=yRLaPxp4aL&sig=kmNYV0Agwj-OmM7qOYJO-YoO9SY&hl=en | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=I8oMV1lsS6kC&pg=PA163
| publisher = ] | publisher = ]
| accessdate = 2008-05-08 | access-date = 8 May 2008
| isbn = 3540428739 | isbn = 3-540-42873-9
| chapter = Cruciferae | chapter = Cruciferae
| chapterurl = http://books.google.com/books?id=I8oMV1lsS6kC&pg=PA163&lpg=PA163&source=web&ots=yRLaPxp4aL&sig=kmNYV0Agwj-OmM7qOYJO-YoO9SY&hl=en | chapter-url = https://books.google.com/books?id=I8oMV1lsS6kC&pg=PA163
|editor=K. Kubitzki |editor2=C. Bayer.
| year = 2002
| oclc = 163376730
}}</ref> }}</ref>


==Description== ==Description==
Cushion-forming or mat-forming along the margins of ponds or ]s and common in muddy footpaths<ref name="systbot">{{cite web ''Subularia monticola'' forms cushions or mats in moist areas in upland ]s and ], such as the edges of ponds and bogs, or muddy footpaths,<ref name="apd"/><ref name="systbot">{{Cite web
| url = http://www.systbot.unizh.ch/datenbanken/rwenzori/Rwenzori_desktop.pdf | url = http://www.systbot.unizh.ch/datenbanken/rwenzori/Rwenzori_desktop.pdf
| title = Common plants of the Rwenzori, particularly the upper zones | title = Common plants of the Rwenzori, particularly the upper zones
| accessdate = 2008-05-06 | access-date = 6 May 2008
| author = H. Peter Linder and Berit Gehrke | author = H. Peter Linder and Berit Gehrke
| authorlink = University of Zurich | author-link = University of Zurich
| date = 2 March 2006 | date = 2 March 2006
| format = PDF
| publisher = Institute for Systematic Botany, ] | publisher = Institute for Systematic Botany, ]
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080530005602/http://www.systbot.unizh.ch/datenbanken/rwenzori/Rwenzori_desktop.pdf <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archive-date = 30 May 2008}}</ref> though it may grow underwater in some cases.<ref name="apd"/> It can form mats in permanently wet areas.<ref name="apd"/> It is a short-lived plant that lacks leaves in its early development, instead having just a stem and taproot. It grows to 5 to 16 centimeters (2 to 6&nbsp;inches). It produces tiny white flowers.<ref name="systbot"/>
}}</ref>
of the upland ]s, ]s<ref name="apd"/>
or as ] first described it "small ] swamps"<ref name="halle"/>
at altitudes of 2,750 to meters 4,750 (9,000 to 15,600 feet,<ref name="apd"/> Schweinfurth's was found at 14,000 feet<ref name="halle"/>); short-lived ''Senecio monticola'' starts life with just a stem (scapose) and a ] and achieves heights of 5 to 16 centimeters (2 to 6 inches); forming mats on permanently wet ground and occasionally growing submerged in pools.<ref name="apd"/>
Flowers are tiny and white.<ref name="systbot"/>


==Distribution== ==Distribution==
''Subularia monticola'' is an African high-altitude plant, growing at altitudes of around 2,750 to 4,750 meters (9,000 to 15,600 feet) above sea-level.<ref name="apd"/> Some examples will serve to demonstrate the range of environments in which it thrives:
⚫ ] is a "desert that is not without ]" and small depressions in which rain or melted snow collects. Such areas are covered with a continuous carpet of vegetation ('']'', ''Subularia monticola'', '']'' and '']'').<ref name="Schimper">{{cite book

⚫ On Mount ], which is mostly arid, ''Subularia monticola'' grows in ] made by rain or melted snow collecting in depressions, where it forms continuous carpets of vegetation alongside '']'', '']'' and '']''.<ref name="Schimper">{{Cite book
| last = Schimper | last = Schimper
| first = Andreas Franz Wilhelm | first = Andreas Franz Wilhelm
| coauthors = William Rogers Fisher, Percy Groom, Isaac Bayley Balfour |author2=William Rogers Fisher |author3=Percy Groom |author4=Isaac Bayley Balfour
| authorlink = Andreas Franz Wilhelm Schimper | author-link = Andreas Franz Wilhelm Schimper
| editor = Translation of ''Pflanzen-geographie auf physiologischer Grundlage'' by William Rogers Fisher | editor = Translation of ''Pflanzen-geographie auf physiologischer Grundlage'' by William Rogers Fisher
| title = Plant-geography Upon a Physiological Basis | title = Plant-geography Upon a Physiological Basis
| url = http://books.google.com/books?id=I_MKAAAAIAAJ | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=I_MKAAAAIAAJ
| format = HTML | access-date = 8 May 2008
| accessdate = 2008-05-08
| date = 1903 | date = 1903
| publisher = ] | publisher = ]
| chapter = Mountain Regions in the Tropics | chapter = Mountain Regions in the Tropics
| chapterurl = http://books.google.com/books?id=I_MKAAAAIAAJ&pg=RA1-PA739 | chapter-url = https://books.google.com/books?id=I_MKAAAAIAAJ&pg=RA1-PA739
}}</ref> On ], cracks formed by daily freezing and thawing of ice provide a refuge for ''Subularia monticola'' seedlings.<ref name="York">{{Cite journal
}}</ref>
⚫ | last =Mahaney

| first =William C.
On ] small seedlings of ''Subularia monticola'' grow in patches which migrate outward along cracks made by the daily freezing and thawing of the ground in valleys at 4000 meters where they live along with other cushion forming plants like '']'', '']'', '']'', '']''. The seeds of these plants spread by periodic flooding of the terraces. The valley walls are dominated by stands of '']'' or '']'' with an understory of '']'' and valley floors of grasses: '']'', '']'', '']'', '']'' sp. and cushion-like forms: '']'', '']'', '']'', '']'' and juvenile forms of ''].<ref name="York">{{cite journal
⚫ | author-link =York University
| last =Mahaney
| first =William C. |author2=Michael G. Boyer
⚫ | title =Notes on the Morphology and Genesis of Mud Polygons on Mount Kenya, East Africa
⚫ | authorlink =York University
⚫ | journal =Géographie Physique et Quaternaire
| coauthors =Michael G. Boyer
⚫ | title =Notes on the Morphology and Genesis of Mud Polygons on Mount Kenya, East Africa
⚫ | journal =Géographie physique et Quaternaire
| volume =42 | volume =42
| issue =1 | issue =1
| pages =89-96 | pages =89–96
| format = PDF
| date =1988 | date =1988
| url = http://beta.erudit.org/revue/gpq/1988/v42/n1/032712ar.pdf | url = http://beta.erudit.org/revue/gpq/1988/v42/n1/032712ar.pdf
| accessdate = 2008-05-08 }}</ref> | access-date = 8 May 2008 | doi =10.7202/032712ar
| doi-access =free

}}</ref> It also forms short, dense mats on the occasionally flooded mudflats around ], a lake 4150 meters above sea-level on the ]-] border.<ref name="INQUA">{{Cite book
On the ] 3800-4500 meters (12,000-15,000 ft), living with '']'', '']'', '']'', '']'', '']'' and '']''.<ref name="systbot"/>
|author=P.A. Barker |author2=R.A. Perrott |author3=F.A. Street-Perrott |author4=Y. Huang

|editor=Klaus Heine |editor2=Jürgen Runge
On Lake Kimilili a former glacial cirque on ] located at 4150 meters, ({{coor dms|1|6|0|N|34|34|0|E|type:mountain}}), an extinct ] straddling the ]-] border. Seasonal water fluctuations of at least 47 centimeters (19 inches) have been measured, causing overflow during the rains. Lake Kimilili is surrounded by sparse ] dominated by '']'', '']'' and '']'', with localized patches of ] mire and tussock ]. Two species of ] are found in the lake: submerged and floating '']'' growing sparsely in deeper water and ''Subularia monticola'' forming a low but dense mat on sometimes flooded muds.<ref name="INQUA">{{cite book
⚫ | title = Proceedings of the XVth INQUA Conference, Durban, South Africa, 3–11 August 1999
| coauthors = International Union for Quaternary Research Congress, Klaus Heine, Jurge Runge
⚫ | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=U8-5g1HFQ7QC
⚫ | title = Proceedings of the XVth INQUA Conference, Durban, South Africa, 3-11 August 1999
⚫ | url = http://books.google.com/books?id=U8-5g1HFQ7QC
| date = 2001 | date = 2001
| publisher = Taylor & Francis | publisher = Taylor & Francis
| isbn = 9058093506 | isbn = 90-5809-350-6
| chapter =Evolution of the carbon cycle in Lake Limilili Mt Elgon, Kenya, since 14 000 cal. yr BP: a multiproxy study
| pages = 330 pages
|page=90
| chapter = Section 2
| chapterurl = http://books.google.com/books?id=U8-5g1HFQ7QC&pg=PA90 | chapter-url = https://books.google.com/books?id=U8-5g1HFQ7QC&pg=PA90
| oclc = 183120063
}}</ref> }}</ref>


==References== ==References==
{{reflist}} {{Reflist}}


==External links== ==External links==
*{{WD1913|no-prescript=1}}
*{{1913}}
*{{cite book *{{Cite book
| last = Meyer | last = Meyer
| first = Hans | first = Hans
| authorlink = Hans Meyer (geologist) | author-link = Hans Meyer (geologist)
| coauthors = E. H. S. Calder |author2=E. H. S. Calder
| title = Across East African Glaciers: An Account of the First Ascent of Kilimanjaro | title = Across East African Glaciers: An Account of the First Ascent of Kilimanjaro
| url = http://books.google.com/books?id=CsMhAAAAMAAJ&source=gbs_summary_s&cad=0 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=CsMhAAAAMAAJ
| accessdate = 2008-05-08 | access-date = 2008-05-08
| date = 1891 | date = 1891
| publisher = G. Philip & son | publisher = G. Philip & son
| chapter = Appendix | chapter = Appendix
| chapterurl = http://books.google.com/books?id=CsMhAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA370&lpg=PA370&source=web&ots=b-_Wattxe-&sig=v6ecMpNlRtm8M4LSoqs2BW4xY88&hl=en#PPA370,M1 | chapter-url = https://books.google.com/books?id=CsMhAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA370
}}</ref> }}


{{Taxonbar|from=Q7632293}}
{{Brassicales-stub}}


] ]
]
]
]

Latest revision as of 07:44, 17 February 2023

Species of plant in the family Brassicaceae

Subularia monticola
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Brassicales
Family: Brassicaceae
Genus: Subularia
Species: S. monticola
Binomial name
Subularia monticola
A.Braun ex Schweinf.
Range of Subularia monticola

Subularia monticola is one of the water loving, annuals of the genus Subularia in the family Brassicaceae. It lives in the cool, moist high elevations of Ethiopia, Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda and Zaire.

Description

Subularia monticola forms cushions or mats in moist areas in upland rainforests and moorland, such as the edges of ponds and bogs, or muddy footpaths, though it may grow underwater in some cases. It can form mats in permanently wet areas. It is a short-lived plant that lacks leaves in its early development, instead having just a stem and taproot. It grows to 5 to 16 centimeters (2 to 6 inches). It produces tiny white flowers.

Distribution

Subularia monticola is an African high-altitude plant, growing at altitudes of around 2,750 to 4,750 meters (9,000 to 15,600 feet) above sea-level. Some examples will serve to demonstrate the range of environments in which it thrives:

On Mount Kilimanjaro, which is mostly arid, Subularia monticola grows in oases made by rain or melted snow collecting in depressions, where it forms continuous carpets of vegetation alongside Eriocaulon volkensii, Cyperaceae and Bulliarda elatinoides. On Mount Kenya, cracks formed by daily freezing and thawing of ice provide a refuge for Subularia monticola seedlings. It also forms short, dense mats on the occasionally flooded mudflats around Lake Kimilili, a lake 4150 meters above sea-level on the Kenya-Uganda border.

References

  1. "Subularia monticola A.Braun ex Schweinf". Plants of the World Online. The Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. n.d. Retrieved 25 September 2020.
  2. "Subularia monticola A. Braun ex Schweinf". World Flora Online. The World Flora Online Consortium. n.d. Retrieved 25 September 2020.
  3. ^ "Subularia monticola A.Br. ex Schweinf. record n° 78167". African Plants Database. South African National Biodiversity Institute, the Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de la Ville de Genève and Tela Botanica. Retrieved 8 May 2008.
  4. Hoffmann, Matthias H. (27 October 2003). "Type specimens of the Brassicaceae in the Herbarium of the Martin-Luther-University Halle Wittenberg (HAL)". Martin-Luther-Universität. Retrieved 8 May 2008.
  5. K. Kubitzki; K.U. Kramer; P.S. Green; J. G. Rohwer; V. Bittrich; H. Huber; J. W. Kadereit; C. Jeffrey (2002). "Cruciferae". In K. Kubitzki; C. Bayer. (eds.). The families and genera of vascular plants. Springer Science+Business Media. ISBN 3-540-42873-9. OCLC 163376730. Retrieved 8 May 2008.
  6. ^ H. Peter Linder and Berit Gehrke (2 March 2006). "Common plants of the Rwenzori, particularly the upper zones" (PDF). Institute for Systematic Botany, University of Zurich. Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 May 2008. Retrieved 6 May 2008.
  7. Schimper, Andreas Franz Wilhelm; William Rogers Fisher; Percy Groom; Isaac Bayley Balfour (1903). "Mountain Regions in the Tropics". In Translation of Pflanzen-geographie auf physiologischer Grundlage by William Rogers Fisher (ed.). Plant-geography Upon a Physiological Basis. Clarendon Press. Retrieved 8 May 2008.
  8. Mahaney, William C.; Michael G. Boyer (1988). "Notes on the Morphology and Genesis of Mud Polygons on Mount Kenya, East Africa" (PDF). Géographie Physique et Quaternaire. 42 (1): 89–96. doi:10.7202/032712ar. Retrieved 8 May 2008.
  9. P.A. Barker; R.A. Perrott; F.A. Street-Perrott; Y. Huang (2001). "Evolution of the carbon cycle in Lake Limilili Mt Elgon, Kenya, since 14 000 cal. yr BP: a multiproxy study". In Klaus Heine; Jürgen Runge (eds.). Proceedings of the XVth INQUA Conference, Durban, South Africa, 3–11 August 1999. Taylor & Francis. p. 90. ISBN 90-5809-350-6. OCLC 183120063.

External links

Taxon identifiers
Subularia monticola
Categories:
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