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{{short description|American LGBT rights activist}}
{{redirect|Calpernia|other uses|Calpurnia}}
{{pp-move-indef}}
{{Infobox Person
{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2024}}
{{Pp-semi-blp|small=yes}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Calpernia Addams | name = Calpernia Addams
| image = Andrea James and Calpernia Addams.jpg | image = Calpernia Addams.jpg
| image_size = | image_size =
| caption = Andrea James (left) and Calpernia Addams (right) | caption = Calpernia Addams, at 2009 Outfest Legacy Awards
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1971|2|20}}
| birth_name =
| birth_place = ], U.S.
| birth_date = {{birthdate and age|1971|2|20}}
| nationality =
| birth_place = ]
| death_date = | other_names =
| death_place = | known_for =
| occupation = {{flatlist|
| death_cause =
* Actress
| resting_place =
* musician
| resting_place_coordinates =
* activist
| residence = ]
* spokesperson
| nationality =
| other_names =
| known_for =
| occupation = Actress
| height =
| weight =
| partner =
| children =
| website =
| footnotes =
}} }}
| yearsactive = 2002–present
'''Calpernia Sarah Addams''' (born ] ]) is an ] transgender ], ], and ] for issues regarding ] people.<ref name=inconvenient>{{citeweb |title=An Inconvenient Woman |accessdate=2007-01-30 |url=http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9902E5DB1E3AF93BA15756C0A9669C8B63 |first=David |last=France |date=2005-05-29 |work=] Sunday Magazine |publisher=calpernia.com |quote= }}</ref>
| children =
| website = {{URL|http://www.calpernia.com/}}
}}
'''Calpernia Sarah Addams''' (born February 20, 1971) is an American actress, musician, spokesperson and activist for ] rights and issues.<ref name=inconvenient>{{cite web |title=An Inconvenient Woman |access-date=January 30, 2007 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2000/05/28/magazine/an-inconvenient-woman.html |first=David |last=France |date=May 29, 2005 |work=The New York Times Sunday Magazine |publisher=calpernia.com |archive-date=August 15, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090815132622/http://www.nytimes.com/2000/05/28/magazine/an-inconvenient-woman.html |url-status=live }}</ref>


==Biography== ==Early life==
Addams grew up in ].<ref name=addams>{{cite book|first=Calpernia|last=Addams|title=Mark 947: A Life Shaped by God, Gender, and Force of Will|publisher=Writers Club Press|year=2002}}</ref> She served as a ] with the ].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.latimes.com/local/abcarian/la-me-abcarian-transgender-military-20170730-story.html |title=California Journal: A sailor in transition is rocked by President Trump's anti-transgender tweets |author=Abcarian, Robin |date=July 29, 2017 |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |access-date=September 4, 2017 |archive-date=June 12, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200612125133/https://www.latimes.com/local/abcarian/la-me-abcarian-transgender-military-20170730-story.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=NYT-000528>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2000/05/28/magazine/an-inconvenient-woman.html |title=An Inconvenient Woman |author=France, David |date=May 28, 2000 |newspaper=The New York Times |access-date=September 4, 2017 |archive-date=February 4, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180204011024/http://www.nytimes.com/2000/05/28/magazine/an-inconvenient-woman.html |url-status=live }}</ref> During her last year in the military, she ] as a ].<ref name = Podcast>{{cite podcast
Addams grew up in the suburbs of ], ], the child of the leaders of a religious group she characterizes as a "fundamentalist Christian cult". Growing up she played the ]. She served as a combat medic in the United States Navy and the Marine Corps. During her last year in the military, she ] as a ].<ref name = Podcast>{{cite podcast
| url =http://gaypimp.com/index.php/content/view/13/36/ | url =http://gaypimp.com/index.php/content/view/13/36/
| title =Gay Pimpin' with Jonny McGovern | title =Gay Pimpin' with Jonny McGovern
| website =
| host =Jonny McGovern, Linda James, Martin Beauchamp | host =Jonny McGovern, Linda James, Martin Beauchamp
| date =2008-03-11 | date =March 11, 2008
| accessdate =03-11 | access-date =March 11, 2008
| archive-date =March 4, 2016
| accessyear =2008
| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20160304001732/http://gaypimp.com/index.php/content/view/13/36/
}}</ref>
| url-status =live
}}</ref> Addams chose the name "Calpernia" from the ] play '']'' (a variant spelling of Caesar's wife ]) and its appearance on a tombstone in the film '']''.<ref name = Podcast />


==Career==
Addams chose the name "Calpernia" from the ] play '']'' (a variant spelling of Caesar's wife ]) and from its appearance on a tombstone in the film '']''.<ref name = Podcast />
] at the Out and Equal Workplace Summit ]]


In 2002, she formed ] in ] with ].<ref>{{cite press release
Addams was a performer at a club called "Connections" in 1999 when she met and dated ], an Army private who was training at a nearby military base in ]. Winchell was harassed and ultimately murdered by fellow soldiers after rumors of his amorous relationship with Addams circulated around the army base.<ref name=inconvenient />
| title = Deep Stealth Productions celebrates 5-year anniversary
| publisher = Deep Stealth Productions
The ] article entitled "An Inconvenient Woman" refers to the manner in which some political groups attempted to portray the relationship between Addams and Winchell as "homosexual", so they could exploit Winchell's murder in order to protest the U.S. military's "]" policy regarding ].<ref name="killer's trial2">{{citeweb |title=Killer's Trial Shows Gay Soldier's Anguish |accessdate=2008-02-23 |url=http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9A05E0D91631F93AA35751C1A96F958260 |first=Francis |last=Clines |date=1999-12-09 |work=] |publisher=NYTimes |quote= }}</ref>
| date = October 3, 2007
| url = http://www.deepstealth.com/news/index.php/weblog/deep_stealth_productions_celebrates_5_year_anniversary/
| access-date = August 13, 2008
| url-status = dead
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080905145357/http://www.deepstealth.com/news/index.php/weblog/deep_stealth_productions_celebrates_5_year_anniversary
| archive-date = September 5, 2008
| df = mdy-all
}}</ref> Deep Stealth creates educational and entertainment material around gender-identification issues and the experiences of differently-gendered people. Addams and James coached ] for her ]-nominated performance as a transgender woman in the film '']''.<ref>{{cite news
|last=Stewart
|first=Jenny
|title=Moving beyond Wisteria Lane: An interview with Felicity Huffman
|publisher=Gay.com
|url=http://www.gay.com/entertainment/interview.html?coll=pno_entertainment&sernum=1138&page=1
|access-date=August 13, 2008 }}{{dead link|date=November 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>


At the ] debut of '']'', Addams met ], whose son ] had played Winchell. Fonda suggested Addams mount an all-transgender production of '']''.<ref name = Podcast /> The production was to contribute funds and help raise awareness of ]; it became the subject of the 2006 documentary film '']''.<ref>{{cite web
In the Times article, Addams said of the affair: "I do feel like I was an awkward element for everybody involved. I didn't want to be anybody's anything, really, except Barry's girlfriend. And that was already taken away from me."<ref name="inconvenient"/>
| last = Moylan
| first = Bryan
| title = V for very tame
| work = Houston Voice
| date = February 10, 2006
| url = http://www.houstonvoice.com/2006/2-10/arts/television/t1.cfm
| access-date = August 13, 2008
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110527163402/http://www.houstonvoice.com/2006/2-10/arts/television/t1.cfm
| archive-date = May 27, 2011
| url-status = dead
}}</ref>


A reality television series entitled '']'', featuring Addams choosing among eight suitors, debuted February 11, 2008, on ].
Their relationship and Winchell's murder were depicted in the 2003 film '']''. Addams was portrayed by ].


In April 2008, Addams performed alongside Fonda, ], ], ], and others in a tenth-anniversary production of ''The Vagina Monologues'' at the ].<ref name = Podcast /><ref>{{cite web |url=http://v10.vday.org/ |title=The V-Day Event Of The Decade &#124; V to the Tenth |publisher=V10.vday.org |access-date=December 4, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150215224416/http://v10.vday.org/ |archive-date=February 15, 2015 }}</ref>
==Career==
Following the debut of ''Soldier's Girl'', Addams met ] (whose son ] played Barry Winchell in the film) at the ]. Fonda suggested that Addams mount the first all-transgender production of '']''.<ref name = Podcast /> The production raised money to combat violence against women and was the subject of the 2006 ] '']''.


In May 2008, ] (Parents, Families and Friends of Lesbians and Gays) chose Addams as PFLAG's spokesperson for their educational campaign, ''This Is Our Love Story''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://community.pflag.org/Page.aspx?pid=892 |title=PFLAG: Parents, Families, & Friends of Lesbians and Gays |publisher=Community.pflag.org |date=May 19, 2008 |access-date=December 4, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140408223422/http://community.pflag.org/Page.aspx?pid=892 |archive-date=April 8, 2014 }}</ref> Addams said, "I hope ''This Is Our Love Story'' will help young transgender people as they come out. By seeing the happy, confident woman I've become, I hope I can act as a role model for these young people at a critical moment in their development."<ref>{{cite news
'']'', a ] dating television series featuring Addams choosing from among eight suitors, debuted on ] on ] ].
| last = Santoscoy
| first = Carlos
| title = Calpernia Addams on Love & Transgender Rights
| work = On Top magazine
| date = June 5, 2008
| url = http://www.ontopmag.com/article.aspx?id=1768&MediaType=1&Category=26
| access-date = September 13, 2008
| archive-date = July 12, 2008
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080712030455/http://ontopmag.com/article.aspx?id=1768&MediaType=1&Category=26
| url-status = live
}}</ref> Addams writes a blog on gender issues for '']''.<ref>{{cite web
| title = Calpernia Addams
| publisher = Psychology Today
| url = http://blogs.psychologytoday.com/authors/calpernia-addams
| archive-url = https://archive.today/20081231222951/http://blogs.psychologytoday.com/authors/calpernia-addams
| url-status = dead
| archive-date = December 31, 2008
| df = mdy-all
}}</ref>


Addams has released a single entitled "Stunning", available on ]. Addams co-produced the song "The Vagina Song" by ], from his debut album '']'', and made a cameo in the song's music video.<ref>{{cite web|last=Belli|first=Willam|title=The Vagina Song|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hE18CGmtXqM|work=YouTube|access-date=April 13, 2013|date=October 25, 2010|archive-date=February 22, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130222014553/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hE18CGmtXqM|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=The Vagina Song|url=http://worldofwonder.net/2010/10/27/The_Vagina_Song/|work=]|access-date=April 13, 2013|author=James St. James|author-link=James St. James|date=October 27, 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130206224733/http://worldofwonder.net/2010/10/27/The_Vagina_Song/|archive-date=February 6, 2013}}</ref>
Addams read for the tenth anniversary production of ''The Vagina Monologues'', held in April 2008 at the ]. She performed alongside Fonda, ], ], ], and others.<ref name = Podcast /><ref></ref>


In 2015, Addams appeared in the international premiere of "Trans Scripts"<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.transscripts.org/|title=Trans Scripts|website=Trans Scripts|access-date=December 1, 2016|archive-date=December 2, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161202101420/http://www.transscripts.org/|url-status=live}}</ref> a new play by Paul Lucas at the Edinburgh Festival Fringe in Scotland. The production received 24 four- and five-star reviews, a Fringe First Award,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://joycemcmillan.wordpress.com/2015/08/28/scotsman-fringe-first-winners-2015/|title=Scotsman Fringe First Winners 2015|date=August 27, 2015|access-date=December 1, 2016|archive-date=December 2, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161202041707/https://joycemcmillan.wordpress.com/2015/08/28/scotsman-fringe-first-winners-2015/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/08/29/theater/edinburgh-festival-fringe-offers-stories-that-are-more-personal-less-political.html|title=Edinburgh Festival Fringe Offers Stories That Are More Personal, Less Political|first=Steven|last=McElroy|newspaper=The New York Times|date=August 28, 2015|access-date=February 6, 2017|archive-date=November 7, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107032749/https://www.nytimes.com/2015/08/29/theater/edinburgh-festival-fringe-offers-stories-that-are-more-personal-less-political.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.britishtheatreguide.info/features/2015-edinburgh-fringe-festival-124|title=2015 Edinburgh Fringe Festival Awards|website=www.britishtheatreguide.info|access-date=December 1, 2016|archive-date=December 2, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161202040030/http://www.britishtheatreguide.info/features/2015-edinburgh-fringe-festival-124|url-status=live}}</ref> a High Commendation from Amnesty International <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.amnesty.org.uk/edinburgh-festival-amnesty-international-freedom-expression-award-2015|title=Edinburgh Festival: Freedom of Expression Award 2015|website=www.amnesty.org.uk|access-date=December 1, 2016|archive-date=January 16, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170116144943/https://www.amnesty.org.uk/edinburgh-festival-amnesty-international-freedom-expression-award-2015|url-status=live}}</ref> and was shortlisted for the Feminist Fest Award, the Best of Edinburgh Award, and the Holden Street Theater Award.
Addams also has a musical career, having released her single "Stunning" on ] and several videos on ].


==Further reading== ==Personal life==
In 1999, while working as a performer, Addams began dating PFC ]. Word of the relationship spread at Winchell's Army base where he was harassed by fellow soldiers and ultimately murdered.<ref>{{cite court |litigants=U.S. v. Fisher |vol=58 |reporter=] |opinion=300 |pinpoint= |court= ] |date=June 17, 2003|url=http://www.armfor.uscourts.gov/opinions/2003Term/03-0059.htm |quote=}}</ref> Winchell's murder and the subsequent trial resulted in widespread press<ref name=NYT-000528 /> and a formal review of the U.S. "]" (DADT) military policy, ordered by President ].<ref name="black">Black, Chris (December 13, 1999). {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303201133/http://archives.cnn.com/1999/US/12/13/pentagon.gays/index.html |date=March 3, 2016 }} CNN</ref><ref name="becker">Becker, Elizabeth (February 2, 2000). Pentagon Orders Training to Prevent Harassment of Gays. ''The New York Times''</ref><ref name="clinton">Pear, Robert (December 12, 1999). President Admits "Don't Ask" policy Has Been Failure. ''The New York Times''</ref> The case became a prominent example used to illustrate the failure of DADT to protect LGBT service members.<ref name=NYT-000528 /> Addams' and Winchell's romance and the crimes of their abusers are depicted in the film '']'', released in 2003. Addams was portrayed by ]. A subsequent '']'' article, "An Inconvenient Woman", documented the marginalization and misrepresentation of transgender sexuality even by ] activists.<ref name=NYT-000528 /><ref name="killer's trial2">{{cite web |title=Killer's Trial Shows Gay Soldier's Anguish |access-date=February 23, 2008 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1999/12/09/us/killer-s-trial-shows-gay-soldier-s-anguish.html |first=Francis |last=Clines |date=December 9, 1999 |work=The New York Times |archive-date=October 27, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101027131241/http://www.nytimes.com/1999/12/09/us/killer-s-trial-shows-gay-soldier-s-anguish.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Calpernia Addams, ''Mark 947: A Life Shaped by God, Gender, and Force of Will'' (Writers Club Press, 2002). ISBN 0-595-26376-3

* Jonathan Ames (ed.), ''Sexual Metamorphosis: An Anthology of Transsexual Memoirs (Vintage, 2005). ISBN 1-4000-3014-5
==Works==
* Calpernia Addams, ''Mark 947: A Life Shaped by God, Gender, and Force of Will'' (Writers Club Press, 2002). {{ISBN|0-595-26376-3}}

==See also==
*{{Portal-inline|Biography}}


==References== ==References==
{{reflist}} {{Reflist|2}}

==Further reading==
* Jonathan Ames (ed.), ''Sexual Metamorphosis: An Anthology of Transsexual Memoirs (Vintage, 2005). {{ISBN|1-4000-3014-5}}


==External links== ==External links==
{{commons category}}
*{{imdb name|id=1679529|name=Calpernia Addams}}
*{{official website|http://www.calpernia.com/}}
*{{amg name|2:441796}}
* *{{IMDb name|1679529|Calpernia Addams}}
* - Podcast interview * Podcast interview
*


{{Authority control}}
{{lifetime|1971|LIVING|Addams, Calpernia}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Addams, Calpernia}}
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Latest revision as of 15:37, 22 December 2024

American LGBT rights activist

Calpernia Addams
Calpernia Addams, at 2009 Outfest Legacy Awards
Born (1971-02-20) February 20, 1971 (age 53)
Nashville, Tennessee, U.S.
Occupations
  • Actress
  • musician
  • activist
  • spokesperson
Years active2002–present
Websitewww.calpernia.com

Calpernia Sarah Addams (born February 20, 1971) is an American actress, musician, spokesperson and activist for transgender rights and issues.

Early life

Addams grew up in Nashville, Tennessee. She served as a Hospital Corpsman with the Navy. During her last year in the military, she came out as a transgender woman. Addams chose the name "Calpernia" from the William Shakespeare play Julius Caesar (a variant spelling of Caesar's wife Calpurnia) and its appearance on a tombstone in the film The Addams Family.

Career

Addams and Andrea James at the Out and Equal Workplace Summit

In 2002, she formed Deep Stealth Productions in Hollywood with Andrea James. Deep Stealth creates educational and entertainment material around gender-identification issues and the experiences of differently-gendered people. Addams and James coached Felicity Huffman for her Academy Award-nominated performance as a transgender woman in the film Transamerica.

At the Sundance debut of Soldier's Girl, Addams met Jane Fonda, whose son Troy Garity had played Winchell. Fonda suggested Addams mount an all-transgender production of The Vagina Monologues. The production was to contribute funds and help raise awareness of violence against women; it became the subject of the 2006 documentary film Beautiful Daughters.

A reality television series entitled Transamerican Love Story, featuring Addams choosing among eight suitors, debuted February 11, 2008, on Logo TV.

In April 2008, Addams performed alongside Fonda, Glenn Close, Salma Hayek, Alicia Keys, and others in a tenth-anniversary production of The Vagina Monologues at the Louisiana Superdome.

In May 2008, PFLAG (Parents, Families and Friends of Lesbians and Gays) chose Addams as PFLAG's spokesperson for their educational campaign, This Is Our Love Story. Addams said, "I hope This Is Our Love Story will help young transgender people as they come out. By seeing the happy, confident woman I've become, I hope I can act as a role model for these young people at a critical moment in their development." Addams writes a blog on gender issues for Psychology Today.

Addams has released a single entitled "Stunning", available on iTunes. Addams co-produced the song "The Vagina Song" by Willam Belli, from his debut album The Wreckoning, and made a cameo in the song's music video.

In 2015, Addams appeared in the international premiere of "Trans Scripts" a new play by Paul Lucas at the Edinburgh Festival Fringe in Scotland. The production received 24 four- and five-star reviews, a Fringe First Award, a High Commendation from Amnesty International and was shortlisted for the Feminist Fest Award, the Best of Edinburgh Award, and the Holden Street Theater Award.

Personal life

In 1999, while working as a performer, Addams began dating PFC Barry Winchell. Word of the relationship spread at Winchell's Army base where he was harassed by fellow soldiers and ultimately murdered. Winchell's murder and the subsequent trial resulted in widespread press and a formal review of the U.S. "Don't Ask, Don't Tell" (DADT) military policy, ordered by President Bill Clinton. The case became a prominent example used to illustrate the failure of DADT to protect LGBT service members. Addams' and Winchell's romance and the crimes of their abusers are depicted in the film Soldier's Girl, released in 2003. Addams was portrayed by Lee Pace. A subsequent The New York Times article, "An Inconvenient Woman", documented the marginalization and misrepresentation of transgender sexuality even by gay rights activists.

Works

  • Calpernia Addams, Mark 947: A Life Shaped by God, Gender, and Force of Will (Writers Club Press, 2002). ISBN 0-595-26376-3

See also

References

  1. France, David (May 29, 2005). "An Inconvenient Woman". The New York Times Sunday Magazine. calpernia.com. Archived from the original on August 15, 2009. Retrieved January 30, 2007.
  2. Addams, Calpernia (2002). Mark 947: A Life Shaped by God, Gender, and Force of Will. Writers Club Press.
  3. Abcarian, Robin (July 29, 2017). "California Journal: A sailor in transition is rocked by President Trump's anti-transgender tweets". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on June 12, 2020. Retrieved September 4, 2017.
  4. ^ France, David (May 28, 2000). "An Inconvenient Woman". The New York Times. Archived from the original on February 4, 2018. Retrieved September 4, 2017.
  5. ^ Jonny McGovern, Linda James, Martin Beauchamp (March 11, 2008). "Gay Pimpin' with Jonny McGovern" (Podcast). Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved March 11, 2008.{{cite podcast}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  6. "Deep Stealth Productions celebrates 5-year anniversary" (Press release). Deep Stealth Productions. October 3, 2007. Archived from the original on September 5, 2008. Retrieved August 13, 2008.
  7. Stewart, Jenny. "Moving beyond Wisteria Lane: An interview with Felicity Huffman". Gay.com. Retrieved August 13, 2008.
  8. Moylan, Bryan (February 10, 2006). "V for very tame". Houston Voice. Archived from the original on May 27, 2011. Retrieved August 13, 2008.
  9. "The V-Day Event Of The Decade | V to the Tenth". V10.vday.org. Archived from the original on February 15, 2015. Retrieved December 4, 2013.
  10. "PFLAG: Parents, Families, & Friends of Lesbians and Gays". Community.pflag.org. May 19, 2008. Archived from the original on April 8, 2014. Retrieved December 4, 2013.
  11. Santoscoy, Carlos (June 5, 2008). "Calpernia Addams on Love & Transgender Rights". On Top magazine. Archived from the original on July 12, 2008. Retrieved September 13, 2008.
  12. "Calpernia Addams". Psychology Today. Archived from the original on December 31, 2008.
  13. Belli, Willam (October 25, 2010). "The Vagina Song". YouTube. Archived from the original on February 22, 2013. Retrieved April 13, 2013.
  14. James St. James (October 27, 2010). "The Vagina Song". World of Wonder. Archived from the original on February 6, 2013. Retrieved April 13, 2013.
  15. "Trans Scripts". Trans Scripts. Archived from the original on December 2, 2016. Retrieved December 1, 2016.
  16. "Scotsman Fringe First Winners 2015". August 27, 2015. Archived from the original on December 2, 2016. Retrieved December 1, 2016.
  17. McElroy, Steven (August 28, 2015). "Edinburgh Festival Fringe Offers Stories That Are More Personal, Less Political". The New York Times. Archived from the original on November 7, 2017. Retrieved February 6, 2017.
  18. "2015 Edinburgh Fringe Festival Awards". www.britishtheatreguide.info. Archived from the original on December 2, 2016. Retrieved December 1, 2016.
  19. "Edinburgh Festival: Freedom of Expression Award 2015". www.amnesty.org.uk. Archived from the original on January 16, 2017. Retrieved December 1, 2016.
  20. U.S. v. Fisher, 58 M.J. 300 (U.S. Armed Forces Court of Appeals June 17, 2003).
  21. Black, Chris (December 13, 1999). Pentagon to review 'don't ask, don't tell' policy. Archived March 3, 2016, at the Wayback Machine CNN
  22. Becker, Elizabeth (February 2, 2000). Pentagon Orders Training to Prevent Harassment of Gays. The New York Times
  23. Pear, Robert (December 12, 1999). President Admits "Don't Ask" policy Has Been Failure. The New York Times
  24. Clines, Francis (December 9, 1999). "Killer's Trial Shows Gay Soldier's Anguish". The New York Times. Archived from the original on October 27, 2010. Retrieved February 23, 2008.

Further reading

  • Jonathan Ames (ed.), Sexual Metamorphosis: An Anthology of Transsexual Memoirs (Vintage, 2005). ISBN 1-4000-3014-5

External links

Categories:
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