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| {{Infobox Former Country | |||
| |conventional_long_name = Khanate of Nakhichevan | |||
| |empire = ] | |||
| |continent = ] | |||
| |common_name = Khanate of Erevan | |||
| |year_start = 1604 | |||
| |year_end = 1828 | |||
| |image_flag = | |||
| |image_coat = | |||
| |image_map = ErevanKhanate.gif | |||
| |image_map_caption = "Yerevan Khanate c. 1800." | |||
| ⚫ | |||
| |status = ] | |||
| }} | |||
| The '''Khanate of Nakhichevan''' ({{lang-az|Naxçıvan xanlığı}}; {{lang-fa|خانات نخجوان}}) was a feudal state in the southern Caucasus, subordinate to the Persian Shahs, and named after its chief settlement, the town of ]. Its territory was similar to the present-day ], except that it extended further north (as far as ] in present-day Armenia) but did not include ] (the present-day Şərur and Sədərək districts of Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic). <ref>Hewsen, Robert H. Armenia: a Historical Atlas. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 2001, map 149.</ref> | |||
| ==History== | |||
| Initially the territory of Nakhichevan was part of ], but later came to be ruled by a separate khan.<ref>Bournoutian, George A. (1992). ''The Khanate of Erevan Under Qajar Rule, 1795-1828.'' p. 32.</ref> Shortly after the capture of Erevan in 1604, ] appointed Maqṣud Sultan<ref name="iranica"/>, a leader of a Turkic<ref name="iranica"/> tribe named Kangarlu, described by J. M. Jouannin as “a small tribe established in Persian Armenia, on the shores of the ]"<ref name="iranica"/> as governor of Nakhichevan.<ref name=iranica>{{cite web | |||
| | last =Oberling | |||
| | first =P | |||
| | title =Kangarlu | |||
| | publisher =Encyclopedia Iranica | |||
| | url =http://www.iranica.com/newsite/articles/unicode/ot_grp5/ot_kangarlu_20040211.html | |||
| | accessdate = 2009-02-1 }}</ref> Later that year, Ottoman forces threatened the area, Shah Abbas ordered Maqsud Sultan to evacuate the entire population of the Nakhichevan region (including the Armenians of Jolfa, who, in the following year, were transplanted to Isfahan) to Qaraja Dag (Arasbaran) and Dezmar. <ref name="iranica"/> | |||
| During the ], in 1808 ]n forces under general ] briefly occupied Nakhichevan, but as a result of the ] it was returned to Persian control.<ref>{{ru icon}} </ref> | |||
| During the ], in 1827 ] appointed ] as commander of Abbasabad, a fortress of strategic importance for the defense of the Nakhichevan khanate. <ref name="irani"/> After heavy losses in an attempt to take the fortress by escalade on July 14, the Russians mounted a siege. Ehsan Khan secretly contacted the Russian commander, General ], and opened the gates of the fortress to him on 22 July 1827. With the ], in 1828 the khanate became a Russian possession and Ehsan Khan was rewarded with the governorship,<ref name=irani>{{cite web | |||
| | last =Ekbal | |||
| | first =Kamran | |||
| | title =ʿAbbāsābād (2) | |||
| | publisher =Encyclopedia Iranica | |||
| | url =http://www.iranica.com/newsite/articles/unicode/sup/Abbasabad.html | |||
| | accessdate = 2009-02-1 }}</ref> conferred the rank of ] of the Russian army and the title of campaign ] of the Kangarly militia. | |||
| ==The abolition of the khanate== | |||
| In 1828 the khanates of Erivan and Nakhichivan were dissolved and their territories united to form the ] ("Armianskaia Oblast"). In 1840 that province was dissolved and its territory incorporated into a larger new province, the ] ("Gruziia-Imeretiia"). This new division did not last long – in 1845 a vast new territory called the Caucasian Territory ("Kavkazskii Krai") or Caucasian Viceregency ("Kavkazskoe Namestnichestvo") was created, in which the former Armenian Province formed part of a subdivision named the ]. In 1849 the ] was established, separate from the Tiflis Governorate. It included the territory of the former Nakhchivan khanate, which became the province's Nakhichevan ]. <ref>Hewsen, Robert H. Armenia: a Historical Atlas. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 2001, p173.</ref> | |||
| After the dissolution, the khans of Nakhichevan became known in the ] by the surname Khan Nakhichevanski, and the men of its family traditionally entered military service. Six Khans Nakhchivanski became generals in the Russian ], ] and Iranian armies. Two sons of Ehsan khan - Ismail khan and Kalbali khan - were generals in the Russian army and were awarded ] IV degree for their actions in battle. A son of Kalbali khan, ], was a prominent Russian military commander and ] of the Russian Emperor, and his nephews, Jamshid and Kalbali, were generals in the Soviet and Iranian armies respectively.<ref>{{ru icon}} Иванов Р. Н. Именем Союза Советских… Жизнь и гибель комбрига Нахичеванского. — М.: Герои Отечества, 2007.</ref> | |||
| == Rulers<ref>''Azerbaijani Soviet Encyclopedia'', Baku, 1983, vol. 7, p. 176</ref>''== | |||
| *1747-1787 - Heydargulu Khan | |||
| *Haji Khan Kangarli | |||
| *Rahim Khan | |||
| *Aligulu Khan | |||
| *Valigulu Khan | |||
| *Abbasgulu Khan | |||
| *Jafargulu Khan | |||
| *1787-1823 - Kalbali Khan | |||
| *Abbasgulu Khan Kangarli | |||
| *Mahammadbagir Khan | |||
| *1823-1828 - Ehsan Khan | |||
| *1828-1834 - Karim Khan Kangarli | |||
| ==Notes== | |||
| {{Reflist|2}} | |||
| ==See also== | |||
| *] | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
Latest revision as of 03:08, 4 May 2012
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