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{{otheruses1|the U.S. State of Nevada}} {{short description|U.S. state}}
{{about|the U.S. state}}
{{redirect|Silver state||Silver State (disambiguation)}}
{{redirect|Silver State}}
{{use mdy dates|date=September 2021}}{{Use American English|date=February 2023}}


{{US state {{Infobox U.S. state
|Name = Nevada | name = Nevada
|Fullname = State of Nevada | image_flag = Flag of Nevada.svg
|Flag = Flag of Nevada.svg | flag_link = Flag of Nevada
|Flaglink = ] | image_seal = State Seal of Nevada.svg
|Seal = Nevada state seal.png | image_map = Nevada in United States.svg
| nickname = The Silver State (official);<br />The Sagebrush State; The Battle Born State
|Map = Map_of_USA_NV.svg
| population_demonym = Nevadan
|Nickname = Silver State (official), Sagebrush State,<br> Battle Born State
| motto = All for Our Country
|Demonym = Nevadan
| anthem = "]"<br />
|Motto = All For Our Country
| Former = ], ], ]
|Capital = ]
|LargestCity = ] | seat = ]
|LargestCounty = ] | LargestCity = ]
| LargestCounty = ]
|LargestMetro = ]
| LargestMetro = ]
|Governor = ] (])
|Lieutenant Governor = ] (]) | Governor = ] (])
| Lieutenant Governor = ] (R)
|Senators = ] (])<br>] (])
| Legislature = ]
|Representative= ]: ] (])<br>]: ] (])<br>]: ] (])
| Upperhouse = ]
|PostalAbbreviation = NV
| Lowerhouse = ]
|TradAbbreviation = Nev.
| Judiciary = ]
|OfficialLang = ''']''': None <br>''']''': ]
| Senators = {{nowrap|] (])}} <br>
|AreaRank = 7th
{{nowrap|] (D)}}
|TotalAreaUS = 110,567
| Representative = 3 Democrats <br/> 1 Republican
|TotalArea = 286,367
| postal_code = NV
|LandAreaUS = 109,806
| TradAbbreviation = Nev.
|LandArea = 284,396
| OfficialLang = ]
|Weather= Top 102 Low 54
LandRank = 7th | area_rank = 7th
| area_total_sq_mi = ]
|WaterAreaUS = 761
| area_total_km2 = 286,382
|WaterArea = 1,971
| area_land_sq_mi = 109,781.18
|PCWater =
| area_land_km2 = 284,332
|PopRank = 35<sup>th</sup>
| area_water_sq_mi = 791
|2000Pop = 2,600,167 (2008 est.)<ref name=08CenEst>{{cite web | title = Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for the United States, Regions, States, and Puerto Rico: April 1, 2000 to July 1, 2008 | publisher = United States Census Bureau | accessdate = 2009-02-05 | url = http://www.census.gov/popest/states/tables/NST-EST2008-01.csv www.census.gov}}</ref> <br> 1,998,257 (2000)
| area_water_km2 = 2,048
|DensityRank = 42<sup>nd</sup>
| area_water_percent = 0.72
|2000DensityUS = 23.4
| population_rank = 31st
|2000Density = 9.02
| population_as_of = 2024
|MedianHouseholdIncome = $46,984
| 2010Pop = {{IncreaseNeutral}} 3,267,467<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/NV/PST045224|accessdate=January 9, 2025|title= United States Census Quick Facts Nevada}}</ref>
|IncomeRank = 16th
| population_density_rank = 42nd
|AdmittanceOrder = 36th
| 2000DensityUS = 26.8
|AdmittanceDate = October 31, 1864
| 2000Density = 10.3
|TimeZone = ]: ]/] (])
| MedianHouseholdIncome = ${{round|76364|-2}} (2<span>0</span>23)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/2024/demo/acsbr-023.pdf|title=Household Income in States and Metropolitan Areas: 2023|accessdate=January 12, 2025}}</ref>
|TZ1Where = most of state
| IncomeRank = ]
|TimeZone2 = ]: ]/] (])
| AdmittanceOrder = 36th
|TZ2Where = ]
| AdmittanceDate = October 31, 1864
|Longitude = 114°&#8202;2′ W to 120° W
| timezone1 = ]
|Latitude = 35° N to 42° N
| utc_offset1 = −08:00
|WidthUS = 322
| timezone1_DST = ]
|Width = 519
| utc_offset1_DST = −07:00
|LengthUS = 490
| timezone1_location = most of state
|Length = 788
| timezone2 = ]
|HighestPoint = ]<small><ref name=usgs>{{cite web| date =April 29, 2005 | url =http://erg.usgs.gov/isb/pubs/booklets/elvadist/elvadist.html#Highest| title =Elevations and Distances in the United States| publisher =U.S Geological Survey| dateformat = mdy | accessdate = November 6 2006}}</ref></small>
| utc_offset2 = −07:00
|HighestElevUS = 13,140
| timezone2_DST = ]
|HighestElev = 4,005
| utc_offset2_DST = −06:00
|MeanElevUS = 5,499
| timezone2_location = ]
|MeanElev = 1,676
| Longitude = 114° 2′ W to 120° W
|LowestPoint= ]<small><ref name=usgs/></small>
| Latitude = 35° N to 42° N
|LowestElevUS = 479
|LowestElev = 146 | width_mi = 322
|ISOCode = US-NV | width_km = 519
| length_mi = 492
|Website = www.nv.gov
| length_km = 787
| elevation_max_point = ]<ref>{{cite ngs|id=HR2576|designation=Boundary|access-date=October 20, 2011}}</ref><ref name=USGS>{{cite web|url=http://egsc.usgs.gov/isb/pubs/booklets/elvadist/elvadist.html |title=Elevations and Distances in the United States |publisher=] |year=2009 |access-date=October 24, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111015012701/http://egsc.usgs.gov/isb/pubs/booklets/elvadist/elvadist.html |archive-date=October 15, 2011 }}</ref>{{Efn|name=NAVD88|Elevation to ].}}{{Efn|The distinction of highest point in Nevada goes to the summit of Boundary Peak, so named because it is very near the Nevada–California border, at the northern terminus of the White Mountains. However, Boundary Peak can be considered a subsidiary summit of Montgomery Peak, whose summit is in California, since the ] of Boundary Peak is only {{convert|253|ft}}, which falls under the often used {{convert|300|ft|adj=on}} cutoff for an independent peak. Also, Boundary Peak is less than {{convert|1|mi}} away from its higher neighbor. Hence Boundary Peak can be described as not being wholly within Nevada. By contrast, the prominence of Wheeler Peak, {{convert|13063|ft}}, is quite large and in fact it is the twelfth largest in the contiguous United States. Wheeler Peak is the highest point in a radius of more than {{convert |200|sqmi}} and is entirely within the state of Nevada.}}
| elevation_max_ft = 13,147
| elevation_max_m = 4007.1
| elevation_ft = 5,500
| elevation_m = 1680
| elevation_min_point = ] at {{nowrap|California border}}<ref name=USGS/>{{Efn|name=NAVD88}}
| elevation_min_ft = 481
| elevation_min_m = 147
| iso_code = US-NV
| website = https://nv.gov
| Capital = Carson City, Nevada
| Representatives =
}} }}
{{Infobox region symbols|country=United States
| state = Nevada
| bird = ] (''Sialia currucoides'')
| butterfly =
| crustacean =
| fish = ] (''Oncorhynchus clarkii henshawi'')
| flower = ] (''Artemisia tridentata'')
| horse =
| insect = ] (''Argia vivida'')
| mammal = ]
| reptile = ] (''Gopherus agassizii'')
| tree = ], ] (''Pinus monophylla'')
| beverage =
| colors =Silver, Blue
| dance =
| food =
| fossil = ] (''Shonisaurus popularis'')
| gemstone =Virgin Valley Black Fire Opal
| mineral = ]
| instrument =
| poem =
| rock = ]
| shell =
| slogan =
| soil = ] series
| sport =
| toy =
| other = Element: ]
| image_route = Nevada 147.svg
| image_quarter = 2006 NV Proof.png
| quarter_release_date = 2006
| song=]|grass=]
}}
'''Nevada''' ({{IPAc-en|n|ə|ˈ|v|æ|d|ə|,_|-|v|ɑː|-|audio=en-us-nevada.ogg}} {{respell|nə|VAD|ə|,_|-|VAH|-}},<ref>{{Cite Merriam-Webster|Nevada|accessdate=2024-03-08}}</ref><ref>{{cite LPD|3}}</ref> {{IPA|es|neˈβaða|lang}}) is a landlocked ] in the ] region of the ].{{Efn|Also sometimes placed in the ] and ].}} It borders ] to the northwest, ] to the northeast, ] to the west, ] to the southeast, and ] to the east. Nevada is the ], the ], and the ] U.S. state. Nearly three-quarters of Nevada's population live in ], which contains the ],<ref>{{cite web |title=Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Areas Population Totals: 2010-2017 |url=https://census.gov/data/tables/2017/demo/popest/total-metro-and-micro-statistical-areas.html |url-status= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180926205910/https://census.gov/data/tables/2017/demo/popest/total-metro-and-micro-statistical-areas.html |archive-date=September 26, 2018 |access-date=March 2, 2019 |website=2017 Population Estimates |publisher=], Population Division}}</ref> including three of the state's four largest incorporated cities.<ref>{{cite web |title=City and Town Population Totals: 2010-2017 |url=https://census.gov/data/tables/2017/demo/popest/total-cities-and-towns.html |url-status= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190328165215/https://census.gov/data/tables/2017/demo/popest/total-cities-and-towns.html |archive-date=March 28, 2019 |access-date=March 2, 2019 |website=United States Census Bureau}}</ref> Nevada's capital is ]. ] is the largest city in the state.


Nevada is officially known as the "Silver State" because of the importance of silver to its history and economy. It is also known as the "Battle Born State" because it achieved statehood during the ] (the words "Battle Born" also appear on ]); due to the ] of ], the Union benefited immensely from the support of newly awarded statehood by the infusion of the monetary support of nearly $400 million in silver ore generated at the time by the ].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://thenevadaindependent.com/article/the-almanac-of-american-politics-on-nevada-and-lombardo|title=The Almanac of American Politics on Nevada and Lombardo|date=July 13, 2023 }}</ref> It is also known as the "] State", for the native plant of the same name; and as the "] State".<ref>{{Cite Americana|wstitle= Sage-brush State}}</ref> The state's name means "snowy" in Spanish, referring to Nevada's small overlap with the ] mountain range; however, the rest of Nevada is largely ] and ], much of it within the ]. Areas south of the Great Basin are within the ], while ] and the Sierra Nevada lie on the western edge. In 2020, 80.1% of the state's land was managed by various jurisdictions of the ], both civilian and military.<ref>{{cite report |title=Federal Land Ownership: Overview and Data |date=February 21, 2020 |number=R42346 |publisher=] |url=https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/R/R42346 |access-date=September 8, 2024}}</ref>
'''Nevada''' ({{Audio-IPA|Nevada-USA-pronunciation.ogg|/nəˈvæːdə/}}) is a ] located in the ] of the ]. The capital is ]| and the largest city is ]. The state's nickname is the "]," due to the large number of ] deposits that were discovered and mined there. In 1864, Nevada became the 36th state to enter the union, and the phrase "Battle Born" on the state flag reflects the state's entry on the Union side during the ]. Its first settlement was called ].


] of the ], ], and ] tribes inhabit what is now Nevada. The first Europeans to explore the region were Spanish. They called the region ''Nevada'' (snowy) because of the snow which covered the mountains in winter, similar to the ]. The area formed from mostly ] and part of ]'s territory within the ], which gained independence as Mexico in 1821. The United States annexed the area in 1848 after its victory in the ], and it was incorporated as part of the ] and ] in 1850. The discovery of silver at the ] in 1859 led to a population boom that became an impetus to the creation of ] out of western Utah Territory in 1861. Nevada became the 36th state on October 31, 1864, as the second of two states added to the Union during the Civil War (the first being ]).<ref>Rocha, Guy {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131024003357/http://nsla.nevadaculture.org//index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=674&Itemid=418 |date=October 24, 2013 }}, Nevada State Library and Archives, accessed January 9, 2011</ref>
Nevada is the seventh-largest state in area, and geographically covers the ] in the south to the ] in the north. Approximately 86% of the state's land is owned by the ] under various jurisdictions both civilian and military.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nv.blm.gov/landsales/LandFedAcresAgency.pdf |title=Federal Land Acres in Nevada |accessdate=2009-05-07 |publisher=Nevada Bureau of Land Management}}</ref> As of 2006, there were about 2.6 million residents, with over 85% of the population residing in the metropolitan areas of Las Vegas and ].<ref></ref> The state is well known for its easy ] and ] proceedings, entertainment, legalized ] and in 8 out of its 16 counties legalized active ].


Nevada is known for its ] laws. In 1940, with a ] of just over 110,000 people, Nevada was by far the least-populated state, with less than half the population of the next least-populous state, ].<ref name="Census1900">{{cite web |title=Race and Hispanic Origin: 1790 to 1990 by State |url=https://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0056/tabs15-65.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141121134738/http://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0056/tabs15-65.pdf |archive-date=November 21, 2014 |access-date=July 16, 2014 |website= |publisher=US Census}}</ref> However, legalized ] and ] transformed Nevada into a major tourist destination in the 20th century.<ref>{{Cite news
== Etymology and pronunciation ==
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170712131210/https://lasvegassun.com/news/2000/aug/11/where-i-stand----bill-bible-protect-gamings-legacy/
The name ''Nevada'' comes from the ] "Nevada", meaning "snow-covered".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.wordreference.com/es/en/translation.asp?spen=nevada |title=Nevada |accessdate=2007-02-24 |publisher=Wordreference.com}}</ref> after the ] ("snow-covered mountains") mountain range. Although the original Spanish word is pronounced "neh-VAH-duh", with the "ah" as in "father", the State of Nevada is pronounced "neh-VǍ-duh", with the "a" as in "tan". <ref>{{cite web |url=http://inogolo.com/pronunciation/Nevada |title=Nevada |accessdate=2009-05-29 |publisher=Inogolo.com}}</ref>
| archive-date = 12 July 2017
|series=Where I Stand (opinion)
| author = Bill Bible
|title= Protect gaming's legacy
|newspaper = Las Vegas Sun
|date=11 August 2000
|url=https://lasvegassun.com/news/2000/aug/11/where-i-stand----bill-bible-protect-gamings-legacy/|access-date=2023-03-17}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20171229083632/http://www.slate.com/articles/arts/culturebox/2010/07/betty_goes_reno.html
| archive-date = 29 December 2017
|last=Jain|first=Priya|date=21 July 2010|title=Betty Goes Reno|language=en-US|work=Slate|url=https://slate.com/culture/2010/07/a-visit-to-the-glamorous-divorce-ranches-of-the-mad-men-era.html|access-date=2023-03-17|issn=1091-2339}}</ref> Nevada is the only U.S. state where ] is legal, though it is illegal in its most populated regions{{snd}}Clark County (Las Vegas), ] (Reno) and Carson City (which, as an independent city, is not within the boundaries of any county). The tourism industry remains Nevada's largest employer,<ref> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525073633/http://detr.state.nv.us/Press/UI_Rate_Releases/2010/Nov_2010_emp_stats.pdf |date=May 25, 2017 }}, Nevada Department of Employment, Training, and Rehabilitation.</ref> with mining continuing as a substantial sector of the economy: Nevada is the fourth-largest producer of gold in the world.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-02-23|title=Mining FAQs |publisher= Nevada Mining Association|url=https://www.nevadamining.org/education/faqs/|access-date=2023-03-17|language=en-US
| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180123200859/http://www.nevadamining.org/faq/index.php |archive-date=January 23, 2018}}</ref> Nevada is the driest state, and over time, and influenced by ], ]s in Nevada have been increasing in frequency and severity,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://m.lasvegassun.com/news/2022/feb/15/west-megadrought-worsens-to-driest-in-at-least-120/ |title=West megadrought worsens to driest in at least 1,200 years |work=Las Vegas Sun |last=Bornstein |first=Seth |agency=Associated Press |date=February 15, 2022 |access-date=September 12, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220306024048/https://m.lasvegassun.com/news/2022/feb/15/west-megadrought-worsens-to-driest-in-at-least-120/ |archive-date=March 6, 2022 }}</ref> putting a further strain on Nevada's ].


== Geography == ==Etymology==
The name "Nevada" comes from the Spanish adjective {{Lang|es|nevada}} ({{IPA|es|neˈβaða|}}), meaning "snow-covered" or "snowy".<ref>{{cite web |title=Nevada |url=http://www.wordreference.com/es/en/translation.asp?spen=nevada |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071225103913/http://www.wordreference.com/es/en/translation.asp?spen=nevada |archive-date=December 25, 2007 |access-date=February 24, 2007 |publisher=]}}</ref> The state takes its name from the ], which in turn was named for the ].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nevada |url=https://www.etymonline.com/search?q=Nevada |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210901115959/https://www.etymonline.com/search?q=Nevada |archive-date=September 1, 2021 |access-date=September 1, 2021 |website=Online Etymology Dictionary}}</ref>


Nevadans pronounce the second syllable with the "a" of "apple" ({{IPAc-en|n|ə|ˈ|v|æ|d|ə}}) while some people from outside of the state pronounce it with the "a" of "palm" ({{IPAc-en|n|ə|ˈ|v|ɑː|d|ə}}).<ref>{{cite web |author=McCabe |first=Francis |date=October 18, 2018 |title=You Say Nevada, I Say Nevada… |url=https://www.unlv.edu/news/article/you-say-nevada-i-say-nevada |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190801193302/https://www.unlv.edu/news/article/you-say-nevada-i-say-nevada |archive-date=August 1, 2019 |access-date=November 26, 2019 |website=]}}</ref> Although the ], but not the ], of the latter pronunciation is closer to the Spanish pronunciation (Spanish {{IPA|/a/}} is ] {{IPA|}},<ref>{{Citation|last1=Ladefoged|first1=Peter|last2=Johnson|first2=Keith|author-link=Peter Ladefoged|year=2010|title=A Course in Phonetics|edition=6th|publisher=Wadsworth Publishing|place=Boston, Massachusetts|page=227|isbn=978-1-4282-3126-9}}</ref> whereas American English {{IPA|/ɑː/}} varies from ] {{IPA|}} to central {{IPA|}}),<ref>{{Accents of English|hide1=y|hide2=y}}. Page 476.</ref> it is not the pronunciation used by Nevadans. State Assemblyman ] proposed a bill to recognize the alternative pronunciation of Nevada,<ref>{{cite news|first=Guy |last=Clifton |url=http://www.rgj.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=20108220380|title=You heard it right: Bill would let them say Ne-VAH-da|date=August 22, 2010|newspaper=]}}</ref> though the bill was not supported by most legislators and never received a vote. The Nevadan pronunciation is the one used by the state legislature. At one time, the state's official tourism organization, TravelNevada, stylized the name of the state as "Nevăda", with a ] over the ''a'' indicating the locally preferred pronunciation,<ref>{{cite web |title=Nevada: A World Within. A State Apart. &#124; Nevada Travel & Tourism |url=http://travelnevada.com/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131229064306/http://travelnevada.com/ |archive-date=December 29, 2013 |access-date=October 7, 2016 |publisher=Travel Nevada}}</ref> which was also available as a license plate design until 2007.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nevada Tourism License Plate |url=https://dmvnv.com/images/tourism.jpg |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190703071346/https://dmvnv.com/images/tourism.jpg |archive-date=July 3, 2019 |access-date=July 3, 2019 |website=]}}</ref>
]
{{further|]}}
Nevada is almost entirely within the ], and is broken up by many north-south mountain ranges. Most of these ranges have ] valleys between them, which belies the image portrayed by the term ].
]
]]]
Much of the northern part of the state is within the ], a mild desert that experiences hot temperatures in the summer and cold temperatures in the winter. Occasionally, moisture from the ] will cause summer thunderstorms; ] storms may blanket the area with snow. The state's highest recorded temperature was {{convert|125|°F|°C|0|lk=on}} in Laughlin (elevation of {{convert|605|ft|m|0}}) on June 29, 1994.<ref>National Climatic Data Center, Asheville, N.C., and Storm Phillips, Stormfax, Inc.</ref>


==History==
The ] crosses from east to west across the northern part of the state, draining into the ] near ]. Several rivers drain from the ] eastward, including the ], ] and ] rivers.
{{Main|History of Nevada}}{{Further|History of Las Vegas}}
]]]


=== Indigenous history ===
The mountain ranges, some of which have peaks above {{convert|13000|ft|m|-2}}, harbor lush forests high above desert plains, creating ] for endemic species. The valleys are often no lower in elevation than {{convert|3000|ft|m|-2}}.
Before the arrival of Europeans, the earliest inhabitants were Indigenous tribes including the ], ], ], and Wašišiw (]).<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://jic.nv.gov/About/History_of_Nevada/ |title=History of Nevada |access-date=March 14, 2022 |archive-date=November 6, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211106194807/https://jic.nv.gov/About/History_of_Nevada/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=6UTVDwAAQBAJ&dq=Before+the+arrival+of+Europeans%2C+the+earliest+inhabitants+were+Native+American+tribes+including+the+Shoshone%2C+the+Paiute%2C+the+Mohave%2C+and+the+Washoe.&pg=PA185|title = Native Americans State by State|isbn = 9780785835875|last1 = Sapp|first1 = Rick|date = October 16, 2018| publisher=Book Sales |access-date = March 25, 2022|archive-date = April 17, 2022|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220417035929/https://books.google.com/books?id=6UTVDwAAQBAJ&dq=Before+the+arrival+of+Europeans,+the+earliest+inhabitants+were+Native+American+tribes+including+the+Shoshone,+the+Paiute,+the+Mohave,+and+the+Washoe.&pg=PA185|url-status = live}}</ref>


===Before 1861===
The southern third of the state, where the Las Vegas area is situated, is within the ]. The area receives less rain in the winter but is closer to the Arizona Monsoon in the summer. The terrain is also lower, mostly below {{convert|4000|ft|m|-2}}, creating conditions for hot summer days and cool to chilly winter nights (due to temperature]).
{{Main|1 = The Californias#History|2 = Alta California}}
{{further|1 = Treaty of Córdoba|2 = Declaration of Independence of the Mexican Empire|3 = First Mexican Empire|4 = Provisional Government of Mexico|5 = First Mexican Republic|6 = Centralist Republic of Mexico|7 = Siete Leyes|8 = Definitive treaty of peace and friendship between Mexico and Spain}}


] included today's Nevada.|left]]
Nevada and ] have by far the longest ] ] (in respect to the cardinal directions) as a state ] at just over {{convert|400|mi|km|-1}}. This line begins in ] nearly {{convert|4|mi|km|0}} offshore (in the direction of the boundary), and continues to the ] where the Nevada, California, and Arizona boundaries merge {{convert|12|mi|km|0}} southwest of the ] ].

] was the first European in the area.<ref>{{cite web |title=Explorers and Settlers in Nevada |url=http://scottforesman.com/state/nv/washoe/pdfs/g4_less03.pdf |publisher=Washoe County School District |page=2 |access-date=May 20, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716020035/http://scottforesman.com/state/nv/washoe/pdfs/g4_less03.pdf |archive-date=July 16, 2011 |url-status=live }}</ref> Nevada was annexed as a part of the ] in the northwestern territory of ]. Administratively, the area of Nevada was part of the ] in the Viceroyalty of New Spain. Nevada became a part of ] (Upper California) province in 1804 when ] were split. With the ] won in 1821, the province of Alta California became a territory (state) of Mexico, with a small population.

] entered the ] in 1827, ] traveled the ] in 1828, and in 1829 a merchant from ] named ] streamlined travel along the ]. Chronicling ] his scout ] was the first to name Las Vegas, in an 1830 report to governor ]. Following the suggestions by Rivera of a spring, on the published expedition's map, located in the Las Vegas area ] set up camp in ] in 1844. In 1847, Mormons established the ], claiming all of Nevada within the Great Basin and the Colorado watershed. They built the first permanent settlement in what is now Nevada, called ] (now Genoa), in 1851. Additionally, in June 1855, William Bringhurst and 29 other Mormon missionaries built the first permanent structure, a 150-foot square ], northeast of downtown Las Vegas, converging on the Spanish and ]s. The fort remained under ]'s control until the winter of 1858–1859, and the route remained largely under the control of Salt Lake City and ] tradespersons.

As such, these pioneers laid the foundation for the emergence of the initial settlements between the ]s and ] and within the Las Vegas Valley. The enduring influence of ] and ] culture has since profoundly impacted Nevada's identity, manifesting through ] and ] or ] and ]s, into the fabric of Nevada's own cultural landscape.

As a result of the ] and the ], Mexico permanently lost Alta California in 1848. The new areas acquired by the United States continued to be administered as territories. As part of the ] (1848) and the subsequent ] that used ]s through the area, the ] first as part of the ] and ], then the ] (March 2, 1861; named for the ]).<ref>{{cite web |title=Online Etymology Dictionary |url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?search=Nevada&searchmode=none |access-date=May 20, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110606102953/http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?search=Nevada&searchmode=none |archive-date=June 6, 2011 |url-status=live }}</ref>
]

The first discovery of a major U.S. deposit of ] occurred in ] under ], in 1859.

===Separation from Utah Territory===
{{Main|Utah Territory|Organic act#List of organic acts|Nevada Territory|Nevada in the American Civil War}}
]
On March 2, 1861, the Nevada Territory separated from the Utah Territory and adopted its current name, shortened from ''The Sierra Nevada'' (Spanish for "snow-covered mountain range"). The 1861 southern boundary is commemorated by ] 57 and 58 in Lincoln and Nye counties.

===Statehood (1864)===
{{Main|Admission to the Union|List of U.S. states by date of admission to the Union|Nevada in the American Civil War|Constitution of Nevada}}
]
Eight days before the ], Nevada became the 36th state in the Union, despite lacking the minimum 60,000 residents that ] typically required a potential state to have in order to become a state.<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia
|title=Nevada
|author1-first = Roman J. | author1-last = Zorn
|author2-first = Gregory Lewis | author2-last = McNamee
|display-authors = etal
|year=2023
|encyclopedia= Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Nevada-state/History|access-date=2023-03-17|language=en}}</ref> At the time, Nevada's population was little more than 40,000.<ref name=HistoryChannel>{{cite web |title=The U.S. Congress admits Nevada as the 36th state |url=https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/the-u-s-congress-admits-nevada-as-the-36th-state |publisher=The History Channel |access-date=September 30, 2023 |date=October 29, 2020 }}</ref> Governor Nye was frustrated that previous attempts to send the constitution via overland mail and by sea had failed by October 24, so on October 26 the full text was sent by telegraph at a cost of $4,303.27<ref name=NationalArchives>{{cite web |title=National Archives Celebrates the 145th Anniversary of Nevada Statehood |url=https://www.archives.gov/press/press-releases/2009/nr09-127.html |publisher=National Archives of the United States |access-date=November 4, 2011 |date=September 23, 2009 |archive-date=October 20, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111020221208/http://www.archives.gov/press/press-releases/2009/nr09-127.html |url-status=live }}</ref>{{Efn|The National Archives press release states that the cost was $4,313.27, but the amount $4,303.27 is actually written on the document.}}{{snd}}the most costly telegraph on file at the time for a single dispatch, {{Inflation|US|4303.27|1864|r=2|fmt=eq}}. Finally, the response from Washington came on October 31, 1864: "the pain is over, the child is born, Nevada this day was admitted into the Union". Statehood was rushed to the date of October 31 to help ensure ]'s reelection on November{{spaces}}8 and post-Civil War ] dominance in Congress,<ref>Rocha Guy, {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080113222250/http://dmla.clan.lib.nv.us/docs/nsla/archives/myth/myth12.htm |date=January 13, 2008 }}</ref> as Nevada's mining-based economy tied it to the more industrialized ]. As it turned out, however, Lincoln and the Republicans won the election handily and did not need Nevada's help.

Nevada is one of only two states to significantly expand its borders after admission to the Union, with the other being ], which acquired additional territory in 1837 due to the ]. In 1866 another part of the western Utah Territory was added to Nevada in the eastern part of the state, setting the current eastern boundary. Nevada achieved its current southern boundaries on January 18, 1867, when it absorbed the portion of ] in the ] west of the Colorado River, essentially all of present-day Nevada south of the ]. The transfer was prompted by the discovery of gold in the area, and officials thought Nevada would be better able to oversee the expected population boom. This area includes all of what is now ] and the southern-most portions of Esmeralda, Lincoln, and Nye counties.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Tannenbaum |first1=Austin |title=Did Nevada's original southern boundary exclude Las Vegas? |url=https://thenevadaindependent.com/article/fact-brief-did-nevadas-original-southern-boundary-exclude-las-vegas |website=The Nevada Independent |access-date=1 December 2024 |date=March 10, 2023}}</ref>

]; built in 1906 with about 50,000 bottles<ref>Coffin, Laura A. (9 March 2012). (). ]. Retrieved 13 February 2024. "In 1906, at the age of 76... laid all the bottles on their sides, with the bottoms facing out, and mortared them together with adobe mud."</ref>]]
Mining shaped Nevada's economy for many years (see '']''). When ] lived in Nevada during the period described in '']'', mining had led to an industry of speculation and immense wealth. Both mining and population temporarily declined in the late 19th century. However, the rich silver strike at ] in 1900, followed by strikes in ] and ], created a second mining boom in Nevada and Nevada's population.

====Gambling and labor====
Unregulated ] was commonplace in the early Nevada mining towns but was outlawed in 1909 as part of a nationwide anti-gambling crusade. Because of subsequent declines in mining output and the decline of the agricultural sector during the ], Nevada again legalized gambling on March 19, 1931, with approval from the legislature. Governor ]'s signature enacted the most liberal divorce laws in the country and open gambling. The reforms came just eight days after the federal government presented the $49{{spaces}}million construction contract for Boulder Dam (now ]).<ref>Moe, Al W. ''Nevada's Golden Age of Gambling'', {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200313065525/https://www.amazon.com/Nevadas-Golden-Gambling-Revised-Expanded/dp/0971501904/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1322275959&sr=1-1 |date=March 13, 2020 }}, 2002, p. 18</ref>

====Nuclear testing====
The ], {{convert|65|mi}} northwest of the city of Las Vegas, was founded on January 11, 1951, for the testing of ]. The site consists of about {{convert|1350|sqmi}} of the desert and mountainous terrain. ]ing at the Nevada Test Site began with a {{convert|1|ktonTNT|sp=us}} nuclear bomb dropped on ] on January 27, 1951. The last atmospheric test was conducted on July 17, 1962, and the underground testing of weapons continued until September 23, 1992. The location is known for having the highest concentration of nuclear-detonated weapons in the U.S.

Over 80% of the state's area is owned by the federal government. This is mainly because ] were not permitted in large enough sizes to be viable in the arid conditions that prevail throughout desert Nevada. Instead, early settlers would homestead land surrounding a water source, and then graze livestock on the adjacent public land, which is useless for agriculture without access to water (this pattern of ] still prevails).

==== 2020s ====
The ] was confirmed in Nevada on March 5, 2020. Because of concerns about ] (COVID-19), Nevada governor ] declared a ] on March 12, 2020. Four days later, Nevada reported its first death. On March 17, 2020, Sisolak ordered the closure of non-essential businesses in the state to help prevent the spread of the coronavirus.

Various protests were held against Sisolak's shutdown order beginning in April 2020. Nevada launched the first phase of its reopening on May 9, 2020. Restaurants, retailers, outdoor malls, and hair salons were among the businesses allowed to reopen, but with precautions in place, such as limiting occupancy to 50 percent. A second phase went into effect on May 29, 2020. It allowed for the reopening of ] and businesses such as bars, gyms, and movie theaters. Casinos began reopening on June 4, 2020.

==Geography==
{{See also|Geography of Nevada}}
{{more citations needed|date=December 2021}}
]]]
]]]
]

Nevada is almost entirely within the ] and is broken up by many north–south mountain ranges. Most of these ranges have ] valleys between them.

Much of the northern part of the state is within the ], a mild desert that experiences hot temperatures in the summer and cold temperatures in the winter. Occasionally, moisture from the ] will cause summer thunderstorms; Pacific storms may blanket the area with snow. The state's highest recorded temperature was {{convert|125|°F|°C|0}} in ] (elevation of {{convert|605|ft|disp=or|sp=us}}) on June 29, 1994.<ref name="ReferenceA">National Climatic Data Center, Asheville, N.C., and Storm Phillips, Stormfax, Inc.</ref> The coldest recorded temperature was {{convert|-52|°F|°C|0|lk=on}} set in San Jacinto in 1972, in the northeastern portion of the state.<ref name="ReferenceA" />

The ] crosses the state from east to west across the northern part of the state, draining into the ] near ]. Several rivers drain from the Sierra Nevada eastward, including the ], ], and ] rivers. All of these rivers are ]s, ending in ], ], and the ], respectively. However, not all of Nevada is within the Great Basin. Tributaries of the ] drain the far north, while the ], which also forms much of the boundary with ], drains much of southern Nevada.

The mountain ranges, some of which have peaks above {{convert|13000|ft}}, harbor lush forests high above desert plains, creating ]s for endemic species. The valleys are often no lower in elevation than {{convert|3000|ft}}, while some in central Nevada are above {{convert|6000|ft}}.
] rock formation in Nevada]]

The southern third of the state, where the Las Vegas area is situated, is within the ]. The area receives less rain in the winter but is closer to the Arizona Monsoon in the summer. The terrain is also lower, mostly below {{convert|4000|ft}}, creating conditions for hot summer days and cool to chilly winter nights.

Nevada and California have by far the longest diagonal ] (in respect to the cardinal directions) as a state ] at just over {{convert|400|mi}}. This line begins in ] nearly {{convert|4|mi}} offshore (in the direction of the boundary), and continues to the ] where the Nevada, California, and Arizona boundaries merge {{convert|12|mi}} southwest of the Laughlin Bridge.


The largest mountain range in the southern portion of the state is the ], just west of Las Vegas. The state's lowest point is along the Colorado River, south of Laughlin. The largest mountain range in the southern portion of the state is the ], just west of Las Vegas. The state's lowest point is along the Colorado River, south of Laughlin.


Nevada has 172 mountain summits with {{convert|2000|ft}} of prominence. Nevada ranks second, after Alaska, for the greatest number of mountains in the United States, followed by California, Montana, and Washington.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nevada Mountains|url=https://peakvisor.com/adm/nevada.html|access-date=2023-03-17|website=PeakVisor|language=en}}</ref>
=== Climate ===
Nevada is made up of mostly desert areas, where daytime summer temperatures sometimes may rise as high as {{convert|115|°F|°C}} and nighttime winter temperatures may reach as low as {{convert|10|°F|°C}}. The winter season in the southern part of the state, however, tends to be of short duration and mild. Most parts of Nevada receive scarce precipitation during the year. Most rain falls on the lee side (east and northeast slopes) of the Sierra Nevada Range. The average annual rainfall per year is about 7 inches (18&nbsp;cm); the wettest parts get around 40 inches (102&nbsp;cm).


===Climate===
'''Las Vegas''': Summer daytime highs average 94-104 degrees, and summer nighttime lows average 69-77 degrees. Winter daytime highs average 57-69 degrees, and winter nighttime lows average 37-47 degrees.
{{further|Climate change in Nevada}}
] of Nevada, using 1991–2020 ].]]
Nevada is the driest state in the United States.<ref>{{cite web |last=Osborn |first=Liz |url=http://www.currentresults.com/Weather-Extremes/US/driest-states.php |title=Driest states |publisher=Currentresults.com |access-date=January 17, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130117095100/http://www.currentresults.com/Weather-Extremes/US/driest-states.php |archive-date=January 17, 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref> It is made up of mostly desert and semi-arid climate regions, and, with the exception of the ], the average summer ] approaches {{convert|40|F-change|C-change}} in much of the state. While winters in northern Nevada are long and fairly cold, the winter season in the southern part of the state tends to be of short duration and mild. Most parts of Nevada receive scarce precipitation during the year. The most rain that falls in the state falls on the east and northeast slopes of the ].


The average annual rainfall per year is about {{convert|7|in|mm}}; the wettest parts get around {{convert|40|in|mm}}. Nevada's highest recorded temperature is {{convert|125|F|C}} at ] on June 29, 1994, and the lowest recorded temperature is {{convert|-50|F|C}} at ] on January 8, 1937. Nevada's {{convert|125|F|C}} reading is the third highest statewide record high temperature of a U.S. state, just behind Arizona's {{convert|128|F|C}} reading and California's {{convert|134|F|C}} reading.
'''Reno''': Summer daytime highs average 81-91 degrees, and summer nighttime lows average 43-51 degrees. Winter daytime highs average 45-57 degrees, and winter nighttime lows average 20-29 degrees.


{| class="wikitable sortable" style="margin:auto;"
'''Elko''': Summer daytime highs average 78-89 degrees, and summer nighttime lows average 38-48 degrees. Winter daytime highs average 37-51 degrees, and winter nighttime lows average 13-26 degrees.
|+Average daily maximum and minimum temperatures for selected cities in Nevada<ref name="Nevada climate averages">{{cite web|url=http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/city.php3?c=US&s=NV&statename=Nevada-United-States-of-America|title=Nevada climate averages|publisher=Weatherbase|access-date=November 11, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151009031701/http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/city.php3?c=US&s=NV&statename=Nevada-United-States-of-America|archive-date=October 9, 2015|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! rowspan="2" |Location
! colspan="2" |July (°F)
! colspan="2" |July (°C)
! colspan="2" |December (°F)
! colspan="2" |December (°C)
|-
!Max
!Min
!Max
!Min
!Max
!Min
!Max
!Min
|-
|] || 106||81 || 41||27 || 56||38 || 13||3
|-
|] || 92||57 || 33||14 || 45||25 || 7||–4
|-
|] || 89||52 || 32||11 || 45||22 || 7||–5
|-
|] || 90||50 || 32||10 || 37||14 || 2||–9
|-
|] || 92||54 || 33||12 || 45||19 || 7||–7
|-
|] || 93||52 || 34||11 || 41||17 || 5||–8
|-
|] || 112||80 || 44||27 || 65||43 || 18||6
|}


=== Bordering states === ===Flora and fauna===
{{Main|Fauna of Nevada}}
* ]—East
The vegetation of Nevada is diverse and differs by state area. Nevada contains six ]s: ], ], ], ], ] and ].<ref>{{cite book | title=Nevada: a guide to the Silver state | author=Federal Writers' Project | author-link=Federal Writers' Project | publisher=US History Publishers | year=1940 | isbn=978-1-60354-027-8 | page=11 }}</ref>
* ]—Southeast
* ]—West
* ]—Northwest
* ]—Northeast


===Counties===
{{Geographic Location
|Centre = Nevada {{Further|List of counties in Nevada}}
] looking South]]
|North =
] in ]. Carson City is an ] and the capital of Nevada.]]
|Northeast = ]

|East = ]
Nevada is divided into political jurisdictions designated as '']''. Carson City is officially a consolidated municipality, meaning it legally functions as both a city and a county. As of 1919, there were 17 counties in the state, ranging from {{convert|146|to|18159|sqmi}}.
|Southeast = ]

|South =
], one of the original nine counties formed in 1861, was renamed ] in 1862. Part of the county became ], in 1864, resolving border uncertainty. In 1883, Washoe County annexed the portion that remained in Nevada.<ref name="library">{{cite web|url=http://dmla.clan.lib.nv.us/docs/nsla/archives/political/historical/hist19.htm |title=Political History of Nevada |access-date=August 17, 2007 |website=Nevada State Library and Archives. |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927213541/http://dmla.clan.lib.nv.us/docs/nsla/archives/political/historical/hist19.htm |archive-date=September 27, 2007 }}</ref>
|Southwest =

|West = ]
In 1969, Ormsby County was dissolved and the ] was created by the Legislature in its place coterminous with the old boundaries of Ormsby County.
|Northwest = ]

}}
] was formed in 1987 from part of Nye County. After the creation was declared unconstitutional, the county was abolished in 1989.<ref name="library" />

Humboldt County was designated as a county in 1856 by ] and again in 1861 by the new Nevada Legislature.

Clark County is the most populous county in Nevada, accounting for nearly three-quarters of its residents. Las Vegas, Nevada's most populous city, has been the ] since the county was created in 1909 from a portion of ]. Before that, it was a part of Arizona Territory. Clark County attracts numerous tourists: An estimated 44{{spaces}}million people visited Clark County in 2014.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.clarkcountynv.gov/visitors/Pages/default.aspx |title=Visitors |publisher=Clarkcountynv.gov |access-date=July 27, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140717004427/http://www.clarkcountynv.gov/visitors/Pages/default.aspx |archive-date=July 17, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Washoe County is the second-most populous county of Nevada. Its county seat is ]. Washoe County includes the ].

Lyon County is the third most populous county. It was one of the nine original counties created in 1861. It was named after ], the first Union General to be killed in the ]. Its current county seat is ]. Its first county seat was established at ] on November 29, 1861.<ref name="1stSession">{{cite book |author=<!--Legislative Assembly, Territory of Nevada.--> |title=Laws of the Territory of Nevada passed at the first regular session of the Legislative Assembly |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oq0wAQAAMAAJ |location=San Francisco, CA |publisher=Valentine & Co. |pages=289–291 |date=1862 |access-date=May 14, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140707140535/http://books.google.com/books?id=oq0wAQAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover |archive-date=July 7, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>


{| class="wikitable collapsible sortable" style="margin:lem; margin-top:0;"
=== Counties ===
] |+ Nevada counties
Nevada is divided into political jurisdictions designated as '']''. Carson City is officially a consolidated municipality; however, for many purposes under state law it is considered to be a county. As of 1919 there were 17 counties in the state, ranging from 146 to 18,159 square miles (378 to 47,032&nbsp;km²). In 1969 Ormbsy County was dissolved and the consolidated municipality of Carson City was created by the Legislature in its place co-terminous with the old boundaries of Ormsby County.
{|class="wikitable collapsible" align="full" style="margin: lem; margin-top:0;"
!colspan="7" style-"white-space: nowrap;" | NEVADA COUNTIES
|- |-
!rowspan=2 |County name
|County name||County seat||Year founded||2000 population||Percent of total||Area (sq. mi.)||Percent of total
!rowspan=2 |County seat
!rowspan=2 |Year founded
!rowspan=2 |2022 population<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/NV/PST045221 |title=Nevada's Census Population By County 2020 and 2022 |access-date=July 2, 2023 |archive-date=April 22, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220422021034/https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/NV/PST045221 |url-status=live }}</ref>
!rowspan=2 |Percent of total
!colspan=2 |Area
!rowspan=2 |Percent of total
!colspan=2 |Population density
|- |-
!sq&nbsp;mi
|]||Carson City||1861||52,457||2.63 %||146||0.13 %
!{{nowrap|km<sup>2</sup>}}
!per sq&nbsp;mi
!per {{nowrap|km<sup>2</sup>}}
|- |-
|]||]||1861|| style="text-align:right;" |58,130|| style="text-align:right;" |1.83 % || {{convert|157|sqmi|km2|disp=table|sortable=on}} || style="text-align:right;" |0.14 % || {{convert|370.25|/sqmi|/km2|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|]||]||1861||23,982||1.20 %||5,023||4.54 %
|- |-
|]||]||1861|| style="text-align:right;" |25,843|| style="text-align:right;" |0.81 % || {{convert|5,024|sqmi|km2|disp=table|sortable=on}} || style="text-align:right;" |4.54 % || {{convert|5.14|/sqmi|/km2|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|]||]||1908||1,375,765||68.85 %||8,091||7.32 %
|- |-
|]||]||1908|| style="text-align:right;" |2,322,985|| style="text-align:right;" |73.10 % || {{convert|8,061|sqmi|km2|disp=table|sortable=on}} || style="text-align:right;" |7.29 % || {{convert|288.18|/sqmi|/km2|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|]||]||1861||41,259||2.06 %||738||0.67 %
|- |-
|]||]||1861|| style="text-align:right;" |49,628|| style="text-align:right;" |1.56 % || {{convert|738|sqmi|km2|disp=table|sortable=on}} || style="text-align:right;" |0.67 % || {{convert|67.25|/sqmi|/km2|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|]||]||1869||45,291||2.27 %||17,203||15.56 %
|- |-
|]||]||1869|| style="text-align:right;" |54,046|| style="text-align:right;" |1.70 % || {{convert|17,203|sqmi|km2|disp=table|sortable=on}} || style="text-align:right;" |15.56 % || {{convert|3.14|/sqmi|/km2|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|]||]||1861||971||0.05 %||3,589||3.25 %
|- |-
|]||]||1861|| style="text-align:right;" |744|| style="text-align:right;" |0.02 % || {{convert|3,589|sqmi|km2|disp=table|sortable=on}} || style="text-align:right;" |3.25 % || {{convert|0.21|/sqmi|/km2|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|]||]||1869||1,651||0.08 %||4,180||3.78 %
|- |-
|]||]||1869|| style="text-align:right;" |1,863|| style="text-align:right;" |0.06 % || {{convert|4,180|sqmi|km2|disp=table|sortable=on}} || style="text-align:right;" |3.78 % || {{convert|0.45|/sqmi|/km2|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|]||]||1856/1861||16,106||0.81 %||9,658||8.74 %
|- |-
|]||]||1856/1861|| style="text-align:right;" |17,272|| style="text-align:right;" |0.54 % || {{convert|9,658|sqmi|km2|disp=table|sortable=on}} || style="text-align:right;" |8.73 % || {{convert|1.79|/sqmi|/km2|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|]||]||1861||5,794||0.29 %||5,519||4.99 %
|- |-
|]||]||1861|| style="text-align:right;" |5,766|| style="text-align:right;" |0.18 % || {{convert|5,519|sqmi|km2|disp=table|sortable=on}} || style="text-align:right;" |4.99 % || {{convert|1.04|/sqmi|/km2|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|]||]||1866||4,165||0.21 %||10,637||9.62 %
|- |-
|]||]||1867|| style="text-align:right;" |4,482|| style="text-align:right;" |0.14 % || {{convert|10,637|sqmi|km2|disp=table|sortable=on}} || style="text-align:right;" |9.62 % || {{convert|0.42|/sqmi|/km2|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|]||]||1861||34,501||1.73 %||2,016||1.82 %
|- |-
|]||]||1861|| style="text-align:right;" |61,585|| style="text-align:right;" |1.94 % || {{convert|2,024|sqmi|km2|disp=table|sortable=on}} || style="text-align:right;" |1.83 % || {{convert|30.43|/sqmi|/km2|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|]||]||1911||5,071||0.25 %||3,813||3.45 %
|- |-
|]||]||1911|| style="text-align:right;" |4,525|| style="text-align:right;" |0.14 % || {{convert|3,813|sqmi|km2|disp=table|sortable=on}} || style="text-align:right;" |3.45 % || {{convert|1.19|/sqmi|/km2|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|]||]||1864||32,485||1.63 %||18,159||16.43 %
|- |-
|]||]||1864|| style="text-align:right;" |54,738|| style="text-align:right;" |1.72 % || {{convert|18,199|sqmi|km2|disp=table|sortable=on}} || style="text-align:right;" |16.46 % || {{convert|3.01|/sqmi|/km2|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|]||]||1919||6,693||0.33 %||6,068||5.49 %
|- |-
|]||]||1919|| style="text-align:right;" |6,462|| style="text-align:right;" |0.20 % || {{convert|6,067|sqmi|km2|disp=table|sortable=on}} || style="text-align:right;" |5.49 % || {{convert|1.07|/sqmi|/km2|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|]||]||1861||3,399||0.17 %||264||0.24 %
|- |-
|]||]||1861|| style="text-align:right;" |4,170|| style="text-align:right;" |0.13 % || {{convert|264|sqmi|km2|disp=table|sortable=on}} || style="text-align:right;" |0.24 % || {{convert|15.80|/sqmi|/km2|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|]||]||1861||339,486||16.99 %||6,551||5.93 %
|- |-
|]||]||1861|| style="text-align:right;" |496,745|| style="text-align:right;" |15.63 % || {{convert|6,542|sqmi|km2|disp=table|sortable=on}} || style="text-align:right;" |5.92 % || {{convert|75.93|/sqmi|/km2|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|]||]||1869||9,181||0.46 %||8,897||8.05 %
|- |-
|]||]||1869|| style="text-align:right;" |8,788|| style="text-align:right;" |0.28 % || {{convert|8,897|sqmi|km2|disp=table|sortable=on}} || style="text-align:right;" |8.05 % || {{convert|0.99|/sqmi|/km2|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|Total counties: 17||Total 2000 population: 1,998,257||Total state area: 110,552 square miles
|-
|Totals||Counties: 17|| || style="text-align:right;" |3,177,772|| || {{convert|110,572|sqmi|km2|disp=table|sortable=on}} || || {{convert|28.74|/sqmi|/km2|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|} |}
*Humboldt was designated as a County in 1856 by ] and again in 1861 by the new Nevada Legislature


=== Settlements ===
<!-- The total state area is the sum of the county areas listed in their respective wikipages, and differs from the state total listed in state template above -->
{{Largest cities| country = Nevada
| stat_ref = Source:<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/NV/PST045221|title=2020 Nevada QuickFacts|date=August 18, 2021|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau|access-date=April 12, 2022|archive-date=April 22, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220422021034/https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/NV/PST045221|url-status=live}}</ref>
| list_by_pop =
| div_name =
| div_link = Counties of Nevada{{!}}County
| city_1 = Las Vegas, Nevada{{!}}Las Vegas
| div_1 = Clark County, Nevada{{!}}Clark
| pop_1 = 641,903
| img_1 = DowntownLasVegas.jpg
| city_2 = Henderson, Nevada{{!}}Henderson
| div_2 = Clark County, Nevada{{!}}Clark
| pop_2 = 317,610
| img_2 = Lake_Las_Vegas_aerial_view.jpg
| city_3 = Reno, Nevada{{!}}Reno
| div_3 = Washoe County, Nevada{{!}}Washoe
| pop_3 = 264,165
| img_3 = Reno,_Nevada_photo_D_Ramey_Logan.jpg
| city_4 = North Las Vegas, Nevada{{!}}North Las Vegas
| div_4 = Clark County, Nevada{{!}}Clark
| pop_4 = 262,527
| img_4 = Northlasv.jpg
| city_5 = Enterprise, Nevada{{!}}Enterprise
| div_5 = Clark County, Nevada{{!}}Clark
| pop_5 = 221,831
| img_5 =
| city_6 = Spring Valley, Nevada{{!}}Spring Valley
| div_6 = Clark County, Nevada{{!}}Clark
| pop_6 = 215,597
| img_6 =
| city_7 = Sunrise Manor, Nevada{{!}}Sunrise Manor
| div_7 = Clark County, Nevada{{!}}Clark
| pop_7 = 205,618
| img_7 =
| city_8 = Paradise, Nevada{{!}}Paradise
| div_8 = Clark County, Nevada{{!}}Clark
| pop_8 = 191,238
| img_8 =
| city_9 = Sparks, Nevada{{!}}Sparks
| div_9 = Washoe County, Nevada{{!}}Washoe
| pop_9 = 108,445
| img_9 =
| city_10 = Carson City, Nevada{{!}}Carson City
| div_10 = Carson City
| pop_10 = 58,639
| img_10 =
}}


==Parks and recreation areas==
== History ==
], Calico basin]]
<!-- This section is linked from ] -->
]]]
{{mainarticle|History of Nevada}}
] in ]]]
]]]
]]]


===Recreation areas maintained by the federal government===
=== Before 1861 ===
====Northern Nevada====
See ], ], and the discovery of the first major U.S. deposit of ] in ] under ] in 1859.
*]
], played an important part in Nevada's mining industry]]
*]
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]


====Southern Nevada====
=== Separation from Utah Territory ===
* ]
{{see also|Nevada in the American Civil War}}
* ]
] On March 2, 1861, the ] separated from the ] and adopted its current name, shortened from ''Sierra Nevada'' (] for "snowy range").
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ] and the ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ] and the ]
* ]


===Wilderness===
The separation of the territory from Utah was important to the federal government because of the Nevada population's political leanings, while the population itself was keen to be separated because of animosity (and sometimes violence) between the non-Mormons who dominated Nevada, and the ]s who dominated the rest of the ].{{Fact|date=January 2009}} Animosity between non-Mormon settlers and ]s was particularly high after the ] of 1857 and the ] in 1857-58.
{{Further|List of wilderness areas in Nevada}}
There are 68 designated ] in Nevada, protecting some {{convert|6579014|acre}} under the jurisdiction of the ], ], and ].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.wilderness.net |title=Wilderness.net |publisher=Wilderness.net |access-date=July 31, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100722032946/http://www.wilderness.net/ |archive-date=July 22, 2010 |url-status=live }}</ref>


=== Statehood === ===State parks===
{{Further|List of Nevada state parks}}
{{see also|Nevada in the American Civil War}}
The Nevada state parks comprise ]s managed by the state of Nevada, including ]s, state ]s, and state ]s. There are 24 state park units, including ] which opened in July 2011 and is operated in partnership with the adjacent state of ].<ref>{{cite web |last=O'Daly |first=Lisa |url=http://www.sierranevadageotourism.org/content/van-sickle-bi-state-park/sie5698279F0D880465D |title=Van Sickle Bi-State Park – Sierra Nevada Geotourism MapGuide |publisher=Sierranevadageotourism.org |access-date=September 25, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180926014223/https://www.sierranevadageotourism.org/content/van-sickle-bi-state-park/sie5698279F0D880465D |archive-date=September 26, 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref>


==Demographics==
Eight days prior to the ], Nevada became the 36th state in the union. Statehood was rushed to the date of October 31 to help ensure ]'s reelection on November 8 and post-Civil War ] dominance in Congress,<ref>Rocha Guy, </ref> as Nevada's mining-based economy tied it to the more industrialized ].
===Population===
{{See also|Hispanics and Latinos in Nevada|Basque Americans in Nevada}}
]
{{US Census population
|1860= 6857
|1870= 42941
|1880= 62266
|1890= 47355
|1900= 42335
|1910= 81875
|1920= 77407
|1930= 91058
|1940= 110247
|1950= 160083
|1960= 285278
|1970= 488738
|1980= 800493
|1990= 1201833
|2000= 1998257
|2010= 2700551
|2020= 3104614
|estyear= 2024
|estimate= 3267467
|align-fn=center
|footnote=Source: 1910–2020<ref>{{cite web |title=Historical Population Change Data (1910–2020) |url=https://www.census.gov/data/tables/time-series/dec/popchange-data-text.html |website=Census.gov |publisher=United States Census Bureau |access-date=May 1, 2021 |archive-date=April 29, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210429012609/https://www.census.gov/data/tables/time-series/dec/popchange-data-text.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>
}}
]
The ] determined Nevada had a population of 3,104,614 at the ]. In 2022, the estimated population of Nevada was 3,177,772, an increase of 73,158 residents (2.36%) since the 2020 ].<ref name="PopEstUS">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/NV|title=QuickFacts Nevada; United States|website=2022 Population Estimates|publisher=], Population Division|date=July 1, 2022|access-date=January 2, 2023|archive-date=April 6, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220406001634/https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/NV|url-status=live}}</ref> Nevada had the highest percentage growth in population from 2017 to 2018. At the 2020 census, 6.0% of the state's population were reported as under 5, 22.5% were under 18, and 16.1% were 65 or older. Females made up about 49.8% of the population. 19.1% of the population was reported as foreign-born.


Since the 2020 census, the population of Nevada had a natural increase of 2,374 (the net difference between 42,076 births and 39,702 deaths); and an increase due to net migration of 36,605 (of which 34,280 was due to domestic and 2,325 was due to international migration).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/tables/2020-2021/state/totals/NST-EST2021-COMP.xlsx|format=xlsx|title=Cumulative Estimates of the Components of Resident Population Change for the United States, Regions, States, and Puerto Rico: April 1, 2020 to July 1, 2021|date=December 21, 2021|publisher=]|access-date=April 12, 2022|archive-date=March 24, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220324170051/https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/tables/2020-2021/state/totals/NST-EST2021-COMP.xlsx|url-status=live}}</ref>
Nevada achieved its current southern boundaries on May 5, 1866 when it absorbed the portion of ] in the ] west of the Colorado River, essentially all of present day Nevada south of the ]. The transfer was prompted by the discovery of gold in the area, and it was thought by officials that Nevada would be better able to oversee the expected population boom. This area includes most of what is now ].


The ] of Nevada is in southern ].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/reference/cenpop2020/CenPop2020_Mean_ST.txt |format=txt |title=Download the Centers of Population by State: 2020 |publisher=] |access-date=April 12, 2022 |archive-date=April 1, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220401024320/https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/reference/cenpop2020/CenPop2020_Mean_ST.txt |url-status=live }}</ref> In this county, the unincorporated town of ], {{convert|60|mi}} west of Las Vegas on the California state line, has grown very rapidly from 1980 to 2020. At the 2020 census, the town had 44,738 residents.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/pahrumpcdpnevada/PST045221 |title=Pahrump CDP QuickFacts from the US Census Bureau |publisher=Quickfacts.census.gov |access-date=April 12, 2022 |archive-date=May 9, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220509200242/https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/pahrumpcdpnevada/PST045221 |url-status=live }}</ref> Las Vegas grew from a gulch of 100 people in 1900 to 10,000 by 1950 to 100,000 by 1970, and was America's fastest-growing city and metropolitan area from 1960 to 2000.
In 1868 another part of the western ], whose population was seeking to avoid Mormon dominance, was added to Nevada in the eastern part of the state, setting the current eastern boundary.


From about the 1940s until 2003, Nevada was the fastest-growing state in the U.S. percentage-wise. Between 1990 and 2000, Nevada's population increased by 66%, while the nation's population increased by 13%. More than two-thirds of the population live in Clark County, which is coextensive with the ]. Thus, in terms of population, Nevada is one of the most centralized states in the nation.
Mining shaped Nevada's economy for many years (see '']''). When ] lived in Nevada during the period described in '']'', mining had led to an industry of speculation and immense wealth. However, both mining and population declined in the late 19th century. However, the rich silver strike at ] in 1900, followed by strikes in ] and ], again put Nevada's population on an upward trend.


] and ] are among the top 20 fastest-growing U.S. cities with populations over 100,000. The rural community of ] {{convert|65|mi|km}} northeast of Las Vegas was an example of micropolitan growth in the 1990s and 2000s. Other desert towns like ] and ] on the outskirts of Las Vegas have seen some growth as well.
==== Gaming and labor ====
] erupted once more following a recession in the early 20<sup>th</sup> century, helping to build the city of Las Vegas]]
Unregulated ] was common place in the early Nevada mining towns but outlawed in 1909 as part of a nation-wide anti-gaming crusade. Due to subsequent declines in mining output and the decline of the agricultural sector during the ], Nevada re-legalized gambling on March 19, 1931, with approval from the legislature. At the time, the leading proponents of gambling expected that it would be a short term fix until the state's economic base widened to include less cyclical industries. However, re-outlawing gambling has never been seriously considered since the industry has become Nevada's primary source of revenue today.


Since 1950, the rate of population born in Nevada has never peaked above 27 percent, the lowest rate of all states. In 2012, only 25% of Nevadans were born in Nevada.<ref>{{Cite news|url = https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2014/08/13/upshot/where-people-in-each-state-were-born.html|title = Where We Came from and Where We Went, State by State|newspaper = The New York Times|date = August 14, 2014|last1 = Aisch|first1 = Gregor|last2 = Gebeloff|first2 = Robert|last3 = Quealy|first3 = Kevin|access-date = March 16, 2019|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190331153147/https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2014/08/13/upshot/where-people-in-each-state-were-born.html|archive-date = March 31, 2019|url-status = live}}</ref>
The ], located outside ] near ], was constructed in the years 1932–1935. Thousands of workers from across the country came to build the dam, and providing for their needs in turn required many more workers. The boom in population is likely to have fueled the re-legalization of gambling, alike present-day industry. Both ] and later war industries such as the Basic Magnesium Plant first started the growth of the southern area of the state near Las Vegas. Over the last 75 years, Clark County in Southern Nevada has been experiencing strong population growth and today encompasses most of the state's residents.


According to ]'s 2022 ], there were an estimated 7,618 ] people in Nevada.<ref>{{Cite web |title=2007-2022 PIT Counts by State |url=https://view.officeapps.live.com/op/view.aspx?src=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.huduser.gov%2Fportal%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fxls%2F2007-2022-PIT-Counts-by-State.xlsx&wdOrigin=BROWSELINK}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The 2022 Annual Homelessness Assessment Report (AHAR) to Congress |url=https://www.huduser.gov/portal/sites/default/files/pdf/2022-AHAR-Part-1.pdf}}</ref>
==== Nuclear Testing ====
The ], {{convert|65|mi|km|0}} Northwest of the City of Las Vegas, was founded on January 11, 1951 for the testing of ]. The site is composed of approximately {{convert|1350|sqmi|km2|-1}} of desert and mountainous terrain. ]ing at the Nevada Test Site began with a one-kiloton of TNT (4 ]) bomb dropped on ] on January 27, 1951. The last atmospheric test was conducted on July 17, 1962 and the underground testing of weapons continued until September 23, 1992. The location is known for the highest amount of concentrated nuclear detonated weapons in the U.S.


====Race and ethnicity====
Over 80% of the state's area is owned by the federal government. The primary reason for this is that ] were not permitted in large enough sizes to be viable in the arid conditions that prevail throughout desert Nevada. Instead, early settlers would homestead land surrounding a water source, and then graze ] on the adjacent public land, which is useless for ] without access to water (this pattern of ] still prevails). The deficiencies in the ] as applied to Nevada were probably due to a lack of understanding of the Nevada environment, although some firebrands (so-called "Sagebrush Rebels") maintain that it was due to pressure from mining interests to keep land out of the hands of common folk. This debate continues to be argued among some state historians today.
{| class="wikitable"
|+'''Nevada – Racial and Ethnic Composition'''<br> (''NH = Non-Hispanic'')<br><small>{{nobold|''Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race.''}}</small>
!Race / Ethnicity
!Pop 2000<ref name=2000CensusP2>{{Cite web|title=P004HISPANIC OR LATINO, AND NOT HISPANIC OR LATINO BY RACE - Nevada|url=https://data.census.gov/table?q=p004&g=040XX00US32|website=]}}</ref>
!Pop 2010<ref name=2010CensusP2>{{Cite web|title=P2 HISPANIC OR LATINO, AND NOT HISPANIC OR LATINO BY RACE - 2010: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) - Nevada|url=https://data.census.gov/table/DECENNIALPL2010.P2?q=p2&g=040XX00US32|website=]}}</ref>
!Pop 2020<ref name=2020CensusP2>{{Cite web|title=P2 HISPANIC OR LATINO, AND NOT HISPANIC OR LATINO BY RACE - 2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) - Nevada|url=https://data.census.gov/table?q=p2&g=040XX00US32|website=]}}</ref>
!% 2000
!% 2010
!% 2020
|-
|] alone (NH)
|1,303,001
|1,462,081
|1,425,952
|{{percentage|1303001|1998257|2}}
|{{percentage|1462081|2700551|2}}
|{{percentage|1425952|3104614|2}}
|-
|] alone (NH)
|131,509
|208,058
|291,960
|{{percentage|131509|1998257|2}}
|7.70%
|9.40%
|-
|] or ] alone (NH)
|21,397
|23,536
|23,392
|{{percentage|21397|1998257|2}}
|{{percentage|23536|2700551|2}}
|{{percentage|23392|3104614|2}}
|-
|] alone (NH)
|88,593
|191,047
|265,991
|{{percentage|88593|1998257|2}}
|{{percentage|191047|2700551|2}}
|{{percentage|265991|3104614|2}}
|-
|] alone (NH)
|7,769
|15,456
|22,970
|{{percentage|7769|1998257|2}}
|{{percentage|15456|2700551|2}}
|{{percentage|22970|3104614|2}}
|-
|] alone (NH)
|2,787
|4,740
|17,171
|{{percentage|2787|1998257|2}}
|{{percentage|4740|2700551|2}}
|{{percentage|17171|3104614|2}}
|-
|] (NH)
|49,231
|79,132
|166,921
|{{percentage|49231|1998257|2}}
|{{percentage|79132|2700551|2}}
|{{percentage|166921|3104614|2}}
|-
|] (any race)
|393,970
|716,501
|890,257
|{{percentage|393970|1998257|2}}
|{{percentage|716501|2700551|2}}
|{{percentage|890257|3104614|2}}
|-
|'''Total'''
|'''1,998,257'''
|'''2,700,551'''
|'''3,104,614'''
|'''100.00%'''
|'''100.00%'''
|'''100.00%'''
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable collapsible"; text-align:right; font-size:80%;"
|+ style="font-size:90%" |Ethnic composition as of the ]
|-
! Race and Ethnicity<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov/library/visualizations/interactive/race-and-ethnicity-in-the-united-state-2010-and-2020-census.html |title=Race and Ethnicity in the United States: 2010 Census and 2020 Census |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=August 12, 2021 |website=census.gov |publisher=United States Census Bureau |access-date=2021-09-26 |archive-date=August 15, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210815165418/https://www.census.gov/library/visualizations/interactive/race-and-ethnicity-in-the-united-state-2010-and-2020-census.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
! colspan="2" data-sort-type=number |Alone
! colspan="2" data-sort-type=number |Total
|-
| ]
|align=right| {{bartable|45.9|%|2||background:gray}}
|align=right| {{bartable|50.6|%|2||background:gray}}
|-
| ]{{efn|Persons of Hispanic or Latino origin are not distinguished between total and partial ancestry. }}
|align=right| {{bartable}}
|align=right| {{bartable|28.7|%|2||background:green}}
|-
| ]
|align=right| {{bartable}}
|align=right| {{bartable|14.0|%|2||background:red}}
|-
| ]
|align=right| {{bartable|9.4|%|2||background:mediumblue}}
|align=right| {{bartable|11.1|%|2||background:mediumblue}}
|-
| ]
|align=right| {{bartable|8.6|%|2||background:purple}}
|align=right| {{bartable|10.7|%|2||background:purple}}
|-
| ]
|align=right| {{bartable|0.8|%|2||background:gold}}
|align=right| {{bartable|2.1|%|2||background:gold}}
|-
| ]
|align=right| {{bartable|0.7|%|2||background:pink}}
|align=right| {{bartable|1.5|%|2||background:pink}}
|-
| Other
|align=right| {{bartable|0.6|%|2||background:brown}}
|align=right| {{bartable|1.4|%|2||background:brown}}
|}


According to the 2022 ], 30.3% of Nevada's population were of ] origin (of any race): ] (22%), ] (1.5%), ] (1.5%), ] (1%), and other Hispanic or Latino origin (4.3%).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Grid View: Table B03001 - Census Reporter |url=https://censusreporter.org/data/table/?table=B03001&geo_ids=04000US32&primary_geo_id=04000US32 |access-date=2024-06-28 |website=censusreporter.org}}</ref> The largest European ancestry groups were: ] (8.9%), ] (8.1%), ] (7.2%), and ] (4.8%).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Grid View: Table B04006 - Census Reporter |url=https://censusreporter.org/data/table/?table=B04006&geo_ids=04000US32&primary_geo_id=04000US32 |access-date=2024-06-28 |website=censusreporter.org}}</ref> The largest Asian ancestry groups in the state were ] (6.4%) and ] (1.9%).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Grid View: Table B02018 - Census Reporter |url=https://censusreporter.org/data/table/?table=B02018&geo_ids=04000US32&primary_geo_id=04000US32#valueType%7Cestimate |access-date=2024-06-28 |website=censusreporter.org}}</ref>
== Demographics ==
[[File:Nevada counties by race.svg|thumb|297x297px|Map of counties in Nevada by racial plurality, per the 2020 census{{Collapsible list
{{USCensusPop
| title = Legend|{{col-begin}}{{col-2}}
|1860 = 6857
|1870 = 42941
|1880 = 62266
|1890 = 47355
|1900 = 42335
|1910 = 81875
|1920 = 77407
|1930 = 91058
|1940 = 110247
|1950 = 160083
|1960 = 285278
|1970 = 488738
|1980 = 800493
|1990 = 1201833
|2000 = 1998257
|estyear = 2008<ref name=08CenEst/>
|estimate = 2600167
}}
{{US Demographics}}


'''Non-Hispanic White'''
]
According to the Census Bureau's 2007 estimate, Nevada has an estimated population of 2,565,382 which is an increase of 92,909, or 3.5%, from the prior year and an increase of 516,550, or 20.8%, since the year 2000. This includes a natural increase since the last census of 81,661 people (that is 170,451 births minus 88,790 deaths) and an increase due to net migration of 337,043 people into the state. Immigration from outside the United States resulted in a net increase of 66,098 people, and migration within the country produced a net increase of 270,945 people. According to the 2006 census estimate, Nevada is the eighth ] in the nation.<ref></ref>


{{legend|#e6b8af|30–40%}}
The ] of Nevada is located in southern ]. <ref></ref>This area the unincorporated town of ] located {{convert|60|mi|km}} west of Las Vegas on the California state line has grown 26 times in size from 1980 to 2000. In the year 2006, the town may have over 50,000 permanent residents. Las Vegas was America's fastest-growing city and metropolitan area from 1960 to 2000, but has grown from a gulch of 100 people in 1900 to 10,000 by 1950 to 100,000 by 1970 to have 2.5 million in the metro area today.


{{legend|#cc4125|50–60%}}
According to the census estimates the racial distributions were as follows: 65% ], 7.1% ], 6% ] (estimates placed them at 10%), 2% others (] and ]) and the remaining 20% were ] or Latinos of any race.


{{legend|#a61c00|60–70%}}
Large numbers of new residents in the state originate from ], which led some locals to feel that their state is being "]".<ref>http://employerblog.recruitingnevada.com/2008/08/08/people-keep-moving-to-nevada/</ref> Nevada also has a sizable ] ancestry population. In Douglas and Pershing Counties, a plurality of residents are of Mexican ancestry with Clark County (Las Vegas) being home to over 200,000 ]s alone; Nye County and Humboldt County have a plurality of ]; and Washoe County has many of ] ancestry. Las Vegas is home to rapid-growing ethnic communities like ], ], ], ] and ].


{{legend|#85200c|70–80%}}
Largely African-American sections of Las Vegas ("the Meadows") and Reno can be found, but many African-Americans in Nevada are newly transplanted residents from ], the ], or the ], but the US Armed forces, hotels and domestic services attracted black Americans since the 1950s.


{{legend|#5b0f00|80–90%}}
Since the California Gold Rush of the 1850s brought thousands of ] miners in Washoe county, Asian Americans lived in the state followed by few hundreds of ] farm workers in the late 1800s. In the late 20th century, many immigrants from China, Japan, Korea, Philippines and recently from India and Vietnam came to the Las Vegas metropolitan area with one of America's most prolific Asian-American communities, with a mostly Chinese and ] area known as "Chinatown" west of I-15 on Spring Mountain Boulevard, and an "Asiatown" shopping mall for Asian customers on Charleston Avenue/Paradise Boulevard.


{{col-end}}
According to the ], 16.19% of the population aged 5 and older speak ] at home, while 1.59% speak ] and 1% speak ], the majority of foreign languages are found in ethnic sections of Central Las Vegas.
}}]]
In 1980, non-Hispanic whites made up 83.2% of the state's population.<ref name="census"/>


{| class="wikitable sortable collapsible nowrap" style="font-size: 90%;"
6.8% of its population were reported as under 5, 26.3% under 18, and 13.6% were 65 or older. Females made up approximately 50.7% of the population. As a result of its rapid population growth, Nevada has a higher percentage of residents born outside of the state than any other state. Las Vegas was a major destination for immigrants seeking employment by the gaming and hospitality industries from ] and ] during the 1990s and 2000s, but farming and construction is the biggest employer of immigrant labor.
|+ '''Nevada historical racial composition'''
|-
! Racial composition !! 1970<ref name="census">{{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0056/twps0056.html |title=Historical Census Statistics on Population Totals By Race, 1790 to 1990, and By Hispanic Origin, 1970 to 1990, For The United States, Regions, Divisions, and States |publisher=Census.gov |access-date=July 27, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080725044857/http://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0056/twps0056.html |archive-date=July 25, 2008 }}<br />" {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150514005030/http://mapmaker.rutgers.edu/REFERENCE/Hist_Pop_stats.pdf |date=May 14, 2015 }}". (PDF)</ref>
!1980!! 1990<ref name="census"/> !! 2000<ref>" {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170724070045/https://www.census.gov/prod/2002pubs/c2kprof00-nv.pdf |date=July 24, 2017 }}" (PDF). ]</ref>!! 2010<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census/decade.2010.html |title=2010 Census Data |publisher=Census.gov |access-date=July 27, 2014 |archive-date=May 22, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170522200920/https://census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census/decade.2010.html |url-status=live }}</ref>!! 2020<ref name="2020DP1">{{Cite web |url=https://data.census.gov/table/DECENNIALDP2020.DP1?g=040XX00US32 |title=Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2020 Demographic Profile Data (DP-1): Nevada |publisher=United States Census Bureau |access-date=April 16, 2024}}</ref>
|-
| ] || 91.7%
|87.5%|| 84.3% || 75.2% || 66.2% || 51.2%
|-
| ] || 5.7%
|6.4%|| 6.6% || 6.8% || 8.1% || 9.8%
|-
| ] || 0.7%
|1.8%|| 3.2% || 4.5% || 7.2% || 8.8%
|-
| ] || 1.6%
|1.7%|| 1.6% || 1.3% || 1.2% || 1.4%
|-
| ] and<br />] || –
|–|| – || 0.4% || 0.6% || 0.8%
|-
| ] || 0.3%
|2.7%|| 4.4% || 8.0% || 12.0% || 14.0%
|-
| ] || –
|–|| – || 3.8% || 4.7% || 14.0%
|-
| '']'' (of any race) || 5.6%
|6.7%|| 10.4% || 19.7% || 26.5% || 28.7%
|-
|]
|86.7%
|83.2%
|78.7%
|65.2%
|54.1%
|45.9%
|}


As of 2011, 63.6% of Nevada's population younger than age{{spaces}}1 were minorities.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Exner|first=Rich
From about the 1940s to 2003, Nevada was the fastest-growing state in the US percentage-wise. Between 1990 and 2000, Nevada's population increased 66.3%, while the USA's population increased 13.1%. Over two thirds of the population of the state live in the ].
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160715004500/http://www.cleveland.com/datacentral/index.ssf/2012/06/americas_under_age_1_populatio.html
|date=3 June 2012|title=Americans under {{nowrap|age 1}} now mostly minorities, but not in Ohio: Statistical Snapshot|url=https://www.cleveland.com/datacentral/2012/06/americas_under_age_1_populatio.html|access-date=2023-03-17|website=cleveland.com
|publisher=Advance Digital
|archive-date=15 July 2016
|language=en}}</ref> Las Vegas is a ] city. According to the United States Census Bureau estimates, as of July 1, 2018, non-Hispanic Whites made up 48.7% of Nevada's population.<ref>{{cite web |title=U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts: Nevada |url=https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/nv/PST045217 |publisher=United States Census Bureau |access-date=November 29, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181130071736/https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/nv/PST045217 |archive-date=November 30, 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref>


In ], ], and ] counties, a plurality of residents are of Mexican ancestry. In ] and ], residents are mostly of German ancestry; ] has many Irish Americans. Americans of English descent form pluralities in ], ], ], ], and ].
=== Religion ===
Major religious affiliations of the people of Nevada are:<ref></ref>
*] &ndash; 27%
*]
**] &ndash; 11%
**] &ndash; 13%
**Other Protestant &ndash; 2%
*]/ Mormon &ndash; 11%
*] &ndash; 2%
*] &ndash; 1%
*Other Religions &ndash; 1%
*Unaffiliated &ndash; 20%


Asian Americans have lived in the state since at least the 1850s, when the ] brought thousands of Chinese miners to Washoe County. They were followed by a few hundred ] farmworkers in the late 19th century. By the late 20th century, many immigrants from China, Japan, Korea, the ], ], India, and ] came to the Las Vegas metropolitan area. The city now has a significant Asian American community, with a mostly Chinese and ] area known as "]" west of I-15 on Spring Mountain Road. ] form the largest Asian American group in the state, with a population of more than 202,000. They comprise 59.8% of the Asian American population in Nevada and constitute about 6.4% of the entire state's population.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Grid View: Table B02018 - Census Reporter |url=https://censusreporter.org/data/table/?table=B02018&geo_ids=04000US32&primary_geo_id=04000US32 |access-date=2024-06-28 |website=censusreporter.org}}</ref>
The largest denominations by number of adherents in 2000 were the ] with 331,844; the ] with 116,925; and the ] with 40,233. 77,100 Nevadans belong to ].<ref>http://www.thearda.com/mapsReports/reports/state/32_2000.asp</ref>


Mining booms drew many Greek and Eastern European immigrants to Nevada.<ref>{{Cite book|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=snJuRDQTnesC&q=nevada+ethnic+groups+mexican&pg=PA63|title = Nevada|isbn = 9780761447283|last1 = Stefoff|first1 = Rebecca|year = 2010| publisher=Marshall Cavendish |access-date = October 19, 2020|archive-date = February 20, 2021|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210220154024/https://books.google.com/books?id=snJuRDQTnesC&q=nevada+ethnic+groups+mexican&pg=PA63|url-status = live}}</ref> In the early twentieth century, ], ], ], ], ], and ] poured into Nevada.<ref>{{cite journal |url=http://epubs.nsla.nv.gov/statepubs/epubs/210777-1970-3Fall.pdf |title=The Immigrant in Nevada's Short Stories and Biographical Essays |last=Shepperson |first=Wilbur |journal=Nevada Historical Society Quarterly |volume=13 |number=3 |date=1970 |page=3 |access-date=July 26, 2021 |archive-date=July 26, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210726052406/http://epubs.nsla.nv.gov/statepubs/epubs/210777-1970-3Fall.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> ] were found in the state as early as 1870.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://cdclv.unlv.edu/healthnv/immigration.html|title=Immigration and Ethnic Diversity in Nevada* Introduction}}</ref> During the mid-1800s, a significant number of European immigrants, mainly from ], ] and ], arrived in the state with the intention of capitalizing on the thriving mining sector in the region.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bestimmigrationlawyer.com/immigration-blog/amp/historical-overview-of-immigration-in-nevada/|title=A HISTORICAL OVERVIEW OF IMMIGRATION IN NEVADA}}</ref>
== Economy ==
]
] on the Nevada, California border]]


Native American tribes in Nevada are the ] and ], ], ], ], ], and ] tribes.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://m.warpaths2peacepipes.com/history-of-native-americans/history-of-nevada-indians.htm|title=History of Nevada Indians **|access-date=February 17, 2020|archive-date=February 17, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200217023948/https://m.warpaths2peacepipes.com/history-of-native-americans/history-of-nevada-indians.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>
estimates that Nevada's total state product in 2007 was $127 billion. Resort areas such as Las Vegas, Reno, ], and ] attract visitors from around the nation and world. The state's ] in 2007 was $39,853, ranking sixteenth in the nation. <ref>http://www.bea.gov/regional/gsp/</ref> Its agricultural outputs are cattle, hay, alfalfa, dairy products, onions, and potatoes. Its industrial outputs are tourism, mining, machinery, printing and publishing, food processing, and electric equipment. ] in the form of brothels, but only counties with populations under 400,000 residents have the option to legalize it. Of the counties that ''can'' legalize it, they may choose to outlaw it if they wish, as some have. Prostitution is illegal and offenders are prosecuted in ] (which contains Las Vegas), ] (which contains Reno), and
several other counties around the state.


Whites remain the largest racial or ethnic group in Nevada.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nevadacurrent.com/2021/08/16/census-data-shows-communities-of-color-are-the-new-nevada/|title=Census data shows communities of color are the new Nevada|date=August 16, 2021 }}</ref> Hispanics are the fastest growing ethnic group in Nevada.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.reviewjournal.com/news/politics-and-government/census-nevada-ranks-high-in-diversity-hispanics-fuel-growth-2418885/|title=Census: Nevada ranks high in diversity, Hispanics fuel growth|date=August 12, 2021}}</ref> There is a growing Mexican and Central American population in Nevada. Many of Nevada's Latino immigrants are from Mexico, Guatemala and El Salvador.<ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://digitalscholarship.unlv.edu/brookings_pubs/22|title=Immigration and the Contours of Nevada's Latino Population|first1=John|last1=Tuman|first2=David|last2=Damore|first3=Maria|last3=Agreda|date=June 1, 2013|journal=Brookings Mountain West Publications|pages=1–18}}</ref> Nevada also has a growing multiracial population.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://guinncenter.org/first-cut-on-census-data-nevada-is-diversifying-but-its-complicated/|title=First cut on census data: Nevada is diversifying, but it's complicated|date=August 25, 2021|website=Guinn Center For Policy Priorities}}</ref>
In portions of the state outside of the Las Vegas and Reno metropolitan areas, mining and cattle ranching are the major economic activities. By value, gold is by far the most important mineral mined. In 2004, 6.8 million ounces of gold worth $2.84 billion were mined in Nevada, and the state accounted for 8.7% of world gold production (see '']''). Silver is a distant second, with 10.3 million ounces worth $69 million mined in 2004 (see '']'').<ref>Nevada Mining Association, </ref> Other minerals mined in Nevada include construction aggregates, copper, gypsum, diotomite and lithium. Despite its rich deposits, the cost of mining in Nevada is generally high, and output is very sensitive to world commodity prices.


The top countries of origin for immigrants in Nevada were ] (39.5 percent of immigrants), the ] (14.3 percent), ] (5.2 percent), ] (3.1 percent), and ] (3 percent).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.americanimmigrationcouncil.org/research/immigrants-in-nevada|title=Immigrants in Nevada|date=June 2015|access-date=March 15, 2020|archive-date=February 24, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200224094155/https://www.americanimmigrationcouncil.org/research/immigrants-in-nevada|url-status=live}}</ref>
As of January 1, 2006 there were an estimated 500,000 head of cattle and 70,000 head of sheep in Nevada.<ref>United States Department of Agriculture </ref> Most of these animals forage on ] in the summer, with supplemental feed in the winter. Calves are generally shipped to out-of-state ]s in the fall to be fattened for market. Over 90% of Nevada's {{convert|484000|acre|km2}} of cropland is used to grow ], mostly alfalfa, for livestock feed.
{{further|]}}


The majority of people in Nevada are of white (European) ancestry. A small portion trace their ancestry to Basque people recruited as sheepherders. Hispanics in Nevada are mainly of Mexican and Cuban heritage. Latinos comprise about one-fourth of Nevada's residents and are concentrated in the southeast in Nevada. African Americans live mainly in the Las Vegas and Reno area and constitute less than one-tenth of the population. Native Americans of the Paiute, Shoshone, and Washoe tribes live on several reservations in the state and make up a small fraction of Nevada's population.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia| title=Desert, Wildlife, Flora |encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Britannica | date=26 July 1999 | url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Nevada-state/Plant-and-animal-life#ref79122}}</ref>
Nevada is also one of only a few states with and no corporate income tax. The state ] in Nevada is 6.5%. Counties can assess ]es as well, making the combined state/county sales taxes rate in some areas as high as 7.75%. Sales tax in Carson City is 7.125% in Clark County 7.75%, in Washoe County 7.375%, while sales tax in Douglas County is 6.75%.


The most common ancestries in Nevada include Mexican, German, Irish, English, Italian and Asian.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.info-america-usa.com/nevada/|title=Nevada|website=info-america-usa.com}}</ref>
== Transportation ==
]
]'s '']'' train uses the Union Pacific's original transcontinental railroad line in a daily service from ] to ] serving ], ], ], and ]. ]es also provide connecting service from Las Vegas to trains at ], ], and ]; and from ], to ].


Nevada is the third most diverse state in the country, behind only Hawaii and California.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://thehill.com/homenews/state-watch/567625-hawaii-california-and-nevada-are-most-diverse-states-in-the-us-census/amp/|title=Hawaii is most diverse state in the US, census shows|website=The Hill|date=August 12, 2021 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://lasvegassun.com/news/2021/aug/12/census-nevada-population-grew-15-over-last-decade/|title=Census: Nevada becomes more populous and diverse, but growth slows|date=August 12, 2021 }}</ref>
] has some railroads in the north and in the south. ] provides some bus services.
;Birth data
]]]
''Note: Births within the table do not add up, due to Hispanics being counted both by their ethnicity and by their race, giving a higher overall number.''
] passes through the southern tip of the state, serving Las Vegas and other communities. ] and spur route ] also serve the ]. ] crosses through the northern part of Nevada, roughly following the path of the Humboldt River from Utah in the east and passing westward through Reno and into California. It has a spur route, ]. Nevada also is served by several federal highways: ], ], ], ] and ]. There are also 189 ]. Nevada is one of a few states in the U.S. that does not have a continuous ] linking its two major population centers. Even the non-interstate federal highways aren't contiguous
between the Las Vegas area and Reno area, though they are well marked by signs showing where to turn.


{| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 90%;"
The state is one of just a few in the country that allow ]s with three trailers&mdash;what might be called a "]" in ]. However, American versions are usually smaller, in part because they must ascend and descend some fairly steep mountain passes.
|+ Live Births by Single Race/Ethnicity of Mother
|-
! ]
! 2013<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr67/nvsr64_01.pdf |title=data |website=www.cdc.gov |access-date=September 25, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180925215939/https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr67/nvsr64_01.pdf |archive-date=September 25, 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref>
! 2014<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr67/nvsr64_12.pdf |title=data |website=www.cdc.gov |access-date=September 25, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180926014027/https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr67/nvsr64_12.pdf |archive-date=September 26, 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref>
! 2015<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr67/nvsr66_01.pdf |title=data |website=www.cdc.gov |access-date=September 25, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180926014144/https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr67/nvsr66_01.pdf |archive-date=September 26, 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref>
! 2016<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr67/nvsr67_01.pdf |title=data |website=www.cdc.gov |access-date=May 5, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180603002249/https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr67/nvsr67_01.pdf |archive-date=June 3, 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref>
! 2017<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr67/nvsr67_08-508.pdf |title=Births: Final Data for 2017 |access-date=February 21, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190201210916/https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr67/nvsr67_08-508.pdf |archive-date=February 1, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref>
! 2018<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr68/nvsr68_13-508.pdf |title=Data |website=www.cdc.gov |access-date=December 21, 2019 |archive-date=November 28, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191128161211/https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr68/nvsr68_13-508.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
! 2019<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr70/nvsr70-02-508.pdf |title=Data |website=www.cdc.gov |access-date=March 30, 2021 |archive-date=June 23, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210623200707/https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr70/nvsr70-02-508.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
! 2020<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr70/nvsr70-17.pdf |title=Data |website=www.cdc.gov |access-date=2022-02-20 |archive-date=February 10, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220210175206/https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr70/NVSR70-17.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
! 2021<ref>
{{cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr72/nvsr72-01.pdf |title=Data |website=www.cdc.gov |access-date=2022-02-03}}</ref>
! 2022<ref>
{{cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr73/nvsr73-02.pdf |title=Data |website=www.cdc.gov |access-date=2024-04-05}}</ref>
|-
| ]
| 27,293 (77.9%)
| 27,638 (77.1%)
| 27,648 (76.2%)
| ...
| ...
| ...
| ...
| ...
| ...
| ...
|-
| ]
| 14,951 (42.7%)
| 15,151 (42.2%)
| 14,937 (41.2%)
| 13,918 (38.4%)
| 13,171 (36.8%)
| 13,021 (36.5%)
| 12,479 (35.6%)
| 11,602 (34.5%)
| 11,800 (35.0%)
| 10,961 (33.0%)
|-
| ]
| 4,215 (12.0%)
| 4,603 (12.8%)
| 4,803 (13.2%)
| 4,205 (11.6%)
| 4,471 (12.5%)
| 4,564 (12.8%)
| 4,514 (12.9%)
| 4,533 (13.5%)
| 4,457 (13.2%)
| 4,334 (13.1%)
|-
| ]
| 3,097 (8.8%)
| 3,145 (8.8%)
| 3,337 (9.2%)
| 2,666 (7.3%)
| 2,685 (7.5%)
| 2,613 (7.3%)
| 2,587 (7.4%)
| 2,467 (7.3%)
| 2,372 (7.0%)
| 2,548 (7.7%)
|-
| ]
| ...
| ...
| ...
| 308 (0.8%)
| 322 (0.9%)
| 340 (1.0%)
| 372 (1.1%)
| 358 (1.1%)
| 331 (1.0%)
| 358 (1.1%)
|-
| ]
| 425 (1.2%)
| 475 (1.3%)
| 510 (1.4%)
| 303 (0.8%)
| 305 (0.9%)
| 280 (0.8%)
| 277 (0.8%)
| 234 (0.7%)
| 239 (0.7%)
| 218 (0.7%)
|-
| '']'' (of any race)
| ''12,718'' (36.3%)
| ''13,006'' (36.3%)
| ''13,225'' (36.4%)
| ''13,391'' (36.9%)
| ''13,176'' (36.8%)
| ''13,307'' (37.3%)
| ''13,238'' (37.7%)
| ''12,763'' (37.9%)
| ''12,842'' (38.1%)
| ''13,019'' (39.2%)
|-
| '''Total Nevada'''
| '''35,030''' (100%)
| '''35,861''' (100%)
| '''36,298''' (100%)
| '''36,260''' (100%)
| '''35,756''' (100%)
| '''35,682''' (100%)
| '''35,072''' (100%)
| '''33,653''' (100%)
| '''33,686''' (100%)
| '''33,193''' (100%)
|}


* Since 2016, data for births of ] origin are not collected, but included in one ''Hispanic'' group; persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race.
Citizens Area Transit (CAT) is the public transit system in the Las Vegas metropolitan area. The agency is the largest transit agency in the state and operates a network of bus service across the ], including the use of ]es on the ] and several outlying routes. operates a system of local transit bus service throughout the Reno-Sparks metropolitan area. Other transit systems in the state include . Most other counties in the state do not have public transportation at all.


], north of Winnemucca]]
Additionally, a four mile ] system provides public transportation in the Las Vegas area. The ] line services several casino properties and the ] on the east side of the Las Vegas Strip, running near Paradise Road, with a possible future extension to McCarran Airport. Several hotels also run their own monorail lines between each other, which are typically several blocks in length.
]
]


A small percentage of Nevada's population lives in rural areas. The culture of these places differs significantly from major metropolitan areas. People in these rural counties tend to be native Nevada residents, unlike in the Las Vegas and Reno areas, where the vast majority of the population was born in another state. The rural population is also less diverse in terms of race and ethnicity. Mining plays an important role in the economies of the rural counties, with tourism being less prominent.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nevadabusiness.com/2012/10/1-3-billion-for-288-jobs-the-failure-of-government-subsidized-renewable-energy-another-reason-why-government-shouldnt-pick-winners-and-losers-in-the-economy/2419/ |title=$1.3 billion for 288 jobs: The failure of government-subsidized renewable energy |publisher=Nevadabusiness.com |date=October 1, 2012 |access-date=January 17, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130117095113/http://www.nevadabusiness.com/2012/10/1-3-billion-for-288-jobs-the-failure-of-government-subsidized-renewable-energy-another-reason-why-government-shouldnt-pick-winners-and-losers-in-the-economy/2419/ |archive-date=January 17, 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref> Ranching also has a long tradition in rural Nevada.<ref>{{cite journal|url=http://www.reviewjournal.com/nevada-150/mining-and-gambling-ranching-shaped-nevada-s-culture|title=Before mining and gambling, ranching shaped Nevada's culture|first=Jennifer|last=Robison|journal=Las Vegas Review-Journal|date=May 3, 2014|access-date=November 7, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141107052112/http://www.reviewjournal.com/nevada-150/mining-and-gambling-ranching-shaped-nevada-s-culture|archive-date=November 7, 2014|url-status=live}}</ref>
] in Las Vegas is one of the busiest airports in the nation. The ] (formerly known as the Reno Cannon International Airport) is the other major airport in the state.


===Locations by per capita income===
== Law and government ==
The current ] is ] (]); the governor of Nevada is limited by the Nevada Constitution to two four-year terms in office, by election or succession (lifetime limit). Nevada's two ] are ] (]) and ] (Republican). Nevada's three ] are Republican ] and Democrats ] and ].


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right; margin-left:60px"
{{further|]}}; ].
|+Ranked by per capita income in 2020
|-
! Rank !! style="text-align:center;"|Place !!Per capita income
! County
|-
|1 ||align=left | ] ||align=right | $180,334 ||align=right | ]
|-
|2 ||align=left | ] ||align=right | $102,963 ||align=right | ]
|-
|3 ||align=left | ] ||align=right | $94,920 ||align=right | Douglas
|-
|4 ||align=left | ] ||align=right | $86,185 ||align=right | Douglas
|-
|5 ||align=left | ] ||align=right | $74,294 ||align=right | Washoe
|-
|6 ||align=left | ] ||align=right | $68,215 ||align=right | Douglas
|-
|7 ||align=left | ] ||align=right | $67,659 ||align=right | Douglas
|-
|8 ||align=left | ] ||align=right | $67,169 ||align=right | Douglas
|-
|9 ||align=left | ] ||align=right | $65,633 ||align=right | ]
|-
|10 ||align=left | ] ||align=right | $57,583 ||align=right | Clark
|-
|colspan=5 |{{further|Nevada locations by per capita income}}
|}


=== Legislature === ===Religion===
{{Pie chart
] in ]]]
| thumb = right
| caption = Religious self-identification, per ]'s 2022 ''American Values Survey''<ref>{{Cite web |date=February 24, 2023 |title=2022 American Values Atlas: Religious Tradition |url=https://ava.prri.org/#religious/2022/States/religion/m/US-NV |access-date=March 30, 2023 |website=]}}</ref>
| label1 = ]
| value1 = 40
| color1 = White
| label2 = ]
| value2 = 25
| color2 = Blue
| label3 = ]
| value3 = 21
| color3 = Purple
| label4 = ]
| value4 = 5
| color4 = Pink
| label5 = ]
| value5 = 4
| color5 = Red
| label6 = ]
| value6 = 2
| color6 = Green
| label7 = ]
| value7 = 2
| color7 = Black
| label8 = ]
| value8 = 1
| color8 = Orange
}}


] in Nevada is among the lowest of all U.S. states. In a 2009 ] poll only 30% of Nevadans said they attended church weekly or almost weekly, compared to 42% of all Americans (only four states were found to have a lower attendance rate than Nevada's).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gallup.com/poll/125999/mississippians-go-church-most-vermonters-least.aspx |title=Mississippians Go to Church the Most; Vermonters, Least |publisher=Gallup.com |date=February 17, 2010 |access-date=July 27, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927040257/http://www.gallup.com/poll/125999/mississippians-go-church-most-vermonters-least.aspx |archive-date=September 27, 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2020, the Public Religion Research Institute determined 67% of the population were Christian,<ref>{{Cite web |title=PRRI – American Values Atlas |url=https://ava.prri.org/#religious/2020/States/religion/m/US-NV |access-date=2022-09-17 |website=ava.prri.org}}</ref> reflecting a 1% increase in religiosity from 2014's separate Pew study.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Religious Landscape Study |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/religious-landscape-study/ |access-date=2022-09-17 |website=Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project |language=en-US}}</ref>
The ] is a ] body divided into an ] ] and a ] ]. Members of the Senate serve for four years, and members of the Assembly serve for two years. Both houses of the Nevada Legislature will be impacted by term limits starting in 2010, as Senators and Assemblymen/women will be limited to a maximum of 12 years service in each house (by appointment or election which is a lifetime limit) - this provision in the constitution was recently upheld for legislators by the Supreme Court of Nevada in a unanimous decision (7-0), so term limits will be in effect starting in 2010. Each session of the Legislature meets for a constitutionally mandated 120 days in every odd-numbered year, or longer if the Governor calls a special session. Currently, the Senate is controlled by the Democratic Party (12 to 9 majority) and the Assembly is controlled by the Democratic Party (28 to 14 majority).


Major religious affiliations of the people of Nevada were, according to the Pew Research Center in 2014: ] 35%, ] 28%, ] 25%, ] 4%, ] 2%, ] less than 1%, ] 0.5% and ] around 0.2%. Parts of Nevada (in the eastern parts of the state) are situated in the ].
==== Judiciary ====
Nevada is one of the few U.S. states without a system of intermediate appellate courts.


The largest denominations by number of adherents in 2010 were the ] with 451,070; ] with 175,149; and the ] with 45,535; ] 14,727; ] 1,723; and ] 1,700.<ref name="www.thearda.com">{{cite web |url=http://www.thearda.com/rcms2010/r/s/32/rcms2010_32_state_family_2010.asp |title=The Association of Religion Data Archives &#124; State Membership Report |publisher=www.thearda.com |access-date=November 22, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131202225528/http://www.thearda.com/rcms2010/r/s/32/rcms2010_32_state_family_2010.asp |archive-date=December 2, 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref> The Jewish community is represented by The ] and ].<ref>{{cite news|title=Summerlin Area Community Events Calendar, Oct. 22–28, 2015|url=http://www.reviewjournal.com/view/summerlin-area-community-events-calendar-oct-22-28-2015|agency=Las Vegas Review-Journal|publisher=GateHouse Media, Inc.|access-date=November 8, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151102235805/http://www.reviewjournal.com/view/summerlin-area-community-events-calendar-oct-22-28-2015|archive-date=November 2, 2015|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Chabad of Summerlin|title=Are you an Ethical Person?|url=http://lasvegassun.com/community/press-releases/1581/|agency=Las Vegas Sun|date=December 26, 2012|access-date=November 8, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160101083337/http://lasvegassun.com/community/press-releases/1581/|archive-date=January 1, 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> According to the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, 6.2% of Nevadans are adherents, making it the sixth highest percentage state in the Union.<ref>{{Cite web|url = https://www.thechurchnews.com/members/2021-06-11/latter-day-saint-populations-in-states-provinces-territories-215374|title = Where do the largest percentages of Latter-day Saints live? Check out these stats on states, provinces and territories|date = June 11, 2021|access-date = June 11, 2021|archive-date = June 11, 2021|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210611232920/https://www.thechurchnews.com/members/2021-06-11/latter-day-saint-populations-in-states-provinces-territories-215374|url-status = live}}</ref>
The ] is the ]. Unlike other state supreme courts, the Supreme Court of Nevada lacks the power of ], so it must hear all appeals; as a result, Nevada's judicial system is congested.


===Languages===
There have been several articles accusing judges in Nevada of making biased or favored decisions as the result of case outcomes and reporting done by the ] newspaper (in which it raised the issue of justice for sale).
{{See also|Native American languages of Nevada}}
The most common non-English languages spoken in Nevada are ], ] and ].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://datausa.io/profile/geo/nevada | title=Nevada &#124; Data USA }}</ref> ] include Northern Paiute, the Southern Paiute, Shoshone, and Washo.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.unlv.edu/news/release/preserve-nevada-indigenous-languages-cultural-landmarks-among-states-most-endangered|title=Preserve Nevada: Indigenous Languages, Cultural Landmarks Among State's 'Most Endangered'|date=October 15, 2021 }}</ref>


The top seven languages spoken in Nevada according to the U.S. Census data are ], ], ], ], ], ], ], and ].<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.leg.state.nv.us/App/NELIS/REL/82nd2023/ExhibitDocument/OpenExhibitDocument?exhibitId=65477&fileDownloadName=0328_AB246_Torres.S_Pres.pdf|title= Ballots for All: Improving Language Access for Nevada Voters}}</ref>
Original jurisdiction is divided between the ] (with general jurisdiction), and Justice Courts and Municipal Courts (both of limited jurisdiction).


==== Libertarian laws ==== === Native American tribes ===
Historically what is now Nevada has been inhabited mainly by the Paiute, the Shoshone and the Washoe.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nevada Indian Tribes and Languages |url=https://www.native-languages.org/nevada.htm |access-date=2024-09-02 |website=www.native-languages.org}}</ref>
]]]
In 1900, Nevada's population was the smallest of all states and was shrinking, as the difficulties of living in a "barren desert" began to outweigh the lure of silver for many early settlers. Historian ] has explained what happened next:


The largest Native American tribes in Nevada according to the 2010 census are listed in the table below:<ref>{{Cite web |title=American Indian and Alaska Native Tribes in the United States and Puerto Rico: 2010 |url=https://www.census.gov/data/tables/time-series/dec/cph-series/cph-t/cph-t-6.html}}</ref>
''"Nevada, in a burst of ingenuity, built an economy by exploiting its sovereignty. Nevada began to legalize or liberalize various institutions in comparison to other states including neighboring California."''
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+'''Tribal groupings with over 500 members in Nevada in 2010 census'''
!Tribal grouping
!American Indian and
Alaska Native alone
!AIAN in combination with
one or more other races
!Total AIAN alone or
in any combination
|-
|Total AIAN population
|32062
|23883
|55945
|-
|]
|1824
|4376
|6200
|-
|]
|4182
|677
|4859
|-
|]
|1926
|671
|2597
|-
|]
|2118
|170
|2288
|-
|Mexican American Indian
|1222
|708
|1930
|-
|]
|1388
|400
|1788
|-
|]
|597
|872
|1469
|-
|]
|719
|690
|1409
|-
|]
|702
|626
|1328
|-
|]
|284
|877
|1161
|-
|]
|1011
|118
|1129
|-
|]
|815
|130
|945
|-
|]
|494
|338
|832
|-
|]
|579
|13
|592
|-
|]
|228
|283
|511
|-
|Tribe not specified
|9413
|10117
|19530
|}


==Economy==
] is legal in some parts of Nevada (under the form of licensed ]). It is, however, illegal in ], which contains ]; ], which contains ]; ]; and some other counties.


{{See also|Nevada locations by per capita income}}
===== Divorce laws =====
]
Nevada's early reputation as a "divorce haven" arose from the fact that, prior to the ] revolution in the 1970s, ]s were quite difficult to obtain in the United States. Already having legalized gambling and prostitution, Nevada continued the trend of boosting its profile by adopting one of the most liberal divorce statutes in the nation. This resulted in ''Williams v. North Carolina'', {{ussc|317|287|1942}}, in which the ] ruled that ] had to give "]" to a Nevada divorce.
], with sign promoting it as The City of Entertainment]]
]
], the largest ] in the world, containing more than {{convert|35000000|ozt|t}} gold<ref>{{cite web|url=http://minerals.usgs.gov/west/projects/nngd.htm|title=Western Region Gold Deposits (completed project)|first=Dave|last=Frank|access-date=August 17, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130607112301/http://minerals.usgs.gov/west/projects/nngd.htm|archive-date=June 7, 2013|url-status=live}}</ref>]]
] near the ] in ]]]
]]]


The economy of Nevada is tied to tourism (especially entertainment and gambling related), mining, and cattle ranching. Nevada's industrial outputs are tourism, entertainment, mining, machinery, printing and publishing, food processing, and electric equipment. The Bureau of Economic Analysis<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bea.gov/ |title=Bureau of Economic Analysis |publisher=Bea.gov |access-date=January 17, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130116151306/http://www.bea.gov/ |archive-date=January 16, 2013 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=GDP by State|url=http://greyhill.com/gross-state-product|publisher=Greyhill Advisors |access-date=September 23, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130113090433/http://greyhill.com/gross-state-product/|archive-date=January 13, 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> estimates Nevada's total state product in 2018 was $170{{spaces}}billion.<ref>{{Cite web |title=GDP and Personal Income |website=Regional Data |publisher=Bureau of Economic Analysis |url=https://apps.bea.gov/iTable/iTable.cfm?0=1200&isuri=1&reqid=70&step=10&1=1&2=200&3=sic&4=1&5=xx&6=-1&7=-1&8=-1&9=70&10=levels#reqid=70&step=10&isuri=1&7003=200&7035=-1&7004=naics&7005=1&7006=xx&7036=-1&7001=1200&7002=1&7090=70&7007=-1&7093=levels |access-date=April 25, 2019 |url-status=live |archive-date=March 29, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190329234329/https://apps.bea.gov/iTable/iTable.cfm?0=1200&isuri=1&reqid=70&step=10&1=1&2=200&3=sic&4=1&5=xx&6=-1&7=-1&8=-1&9=70&10=levels#reqid=70&step=10&isuri=1&7003=200&7035=-1&7004=naics&7005=1&7006=xx&7036=-1&7001=1200&7002=1&7090=70&7007=-1&7093=levels}}</ref> The state's ] in 2020 was $53,635, ranking 31st in the nation.<ref>{{cite web |title=Per Capita Personal Income by State, Annual |url=https://fred.stlouisfed.org/release/tables?rid=110&eid=257197 |website=FRED |publisher=Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis |access-date=July 13, 2021 |location=St. Louis, MO |archive-date=July 13, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210713163153/https://fred.stlouisfed.org/release/tables?rid=110&eid=257197 |url-status=live }}</ref> Nevada's state debt in 2012 was calculated to be $7.5{{spaces}}billion, or $3,100 per taxpayer.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.statedatalab.org/library/doclib/NV-2012-1.pdf |website=statedatalab.org |title="The 34th worst state" Truth in Accounting |access-date=July 27, 2014 |url-status=live |archive-date=August 10, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140810170050/http://www.statedatalab.org/library/doclib/NV-2012-1.pdf}}</ref> As of May 2021, the state's unemployment rate was 7.8%.<ref>{{cite web |title=Nevada Economy at a Glance |url=https://www.bls.gov/eag/eag.nv.htm |website=U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics |publisher=United States Department of Labor |access-date=July 13, 2021 |archive-date=July 13, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210713163202/https://www.bls.gov/eag/eag.nv.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>
===== Tax laws =====
{{Further|Las Vegas Global Economic Alliance}}
Nevada's tax laws also draw new residents and businesses to the state. Nevada has no ] or ]. .


===Mining===
===== Incorporation laws =====
{{Main|Gold mining in Nevada|Silver mining in Nevada}}
Nevada also provides friendly environment for the formation of ], and many (especially ]) businesspeople have incorporated their businesses in Nevada to take advantage of the benefits of the Nevada statute. ]s offer great flexibility to the ] and simplify or avoid many of the rules that are cumbersome to business managers in some other states. In addition, Nevada has no ].
In portions of the state outside of the Las Vegas and Reno metropolitan areas mining plays a major economic role. By value, gold is by far the most important mineral mined. In 2022, {{convert|4040000|ozt|MT}} of gold worth $7.3{{spaces}}billion were mined in Nevada, and the state accounted for 4% of world gold production. Other minerals mined in Nevada include construction aggregates, copper, gypsum, diatomite and lithium.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Harding |first1=Adella |date=17 August 2023 |title=Gold Production in Nevada slips in 2022 |url=https://elkodaily.com/news/local/business/mining/gold-production-in-nevada-slips-in-2022/article_f355ac2c-3d3d-11ee-a6ed-3b77f41a100e.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231126063035/http://elkodaily.com/news/local/business/mining/gold-production-in-nevada-slips-in-2022/article_f355ac2c-3d3d-11ee-a6ed-3b77f41a100e.html |archive-date=26 November 2023 |access-date=26 November 2023 |work=Elko Daily Free Press}}</ref><ref name="usgs 2023">{{cite book |first=Kristin N. |last=Sheaffer |title=Mineral Commodity Summaries 2023 |date=31 January 2023 |publisher=U.S. Geological Survey |location=Reston, Virginia |isbn=978-1-4113-4504-1 |pages=80–81 |url=https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2023/mcs2023.pdf |access-date=26 November 2023}}</ref> Despite its rich deposits, the cost of mining in Nevada is generally high, and output is very sensitive to world commodity prices.


===Cattle ranching===
===== Financial institutions =====
Cattle ranching is a major economic activity in rural Nevada.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Robison |first=Jennifer |date=May 3, 2014 |title=Before mining and gambling, ranching shaped Nevada’s culture |url=https://www.reviewjournal.com/news/before-mining-and-gambling-ranching-shaped-nevadas-culture/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241229090350/https://www.reviewjournal.com/news/before-mining-and-gambling-ranching-shaped-nevadas-culture/ |archive-date=December 29, 2024 |work=]}}</ref> Nevada's agricultural outputs are cattle, hay, alfalfa, dairy products, onions, and potatoes. In 2020, there were an estimated 438,511 head of cattle and 71,699 head of sheep in Nevada.<ref name=":0">{{Cite report |url=https://www.nass.usda.gov/Publications/AgCensus/2022/Online_Resources/County_Profiles/Nevada/cp99032.pdf |title=Census of Agriculture State Profile: Nevada |last=National Agricultural Statistics Service |date=2022 |publisher=] |location=Washington, D.C. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240404225404/https://www.nass.usda.gov/Publications/AgCensus/2022/Online_Resources/County_Profiles/Nevada/cp99032.pdf |archive-date=2024-04-04 |format=PDF |url-status=live}}</ref> Most of these animals forage on ] in the summer, with supplemental feed in the winter. Calves are generally shipped to out-of-state ]s in the fall to be fattened for the market. Over 90% of Nevada's {{convert|653,891|acre}} of cropland is used to grow ], mostly alfalfa, for livestock feed.<ref name=":0" />
Similarly, many U.S. states have ] laws limiting the amount of ] a lender can charge, but Federal law allows corporations to 'import' these laws from their home state. Nevada (amongst others) has relatively lax interest laws, in effect allowing banks to charge as much as they want, hence the preponderance of ] companies in the state.{{Fact|date=February 2007}}


===Largest employers===
===== Drug and alcohol laws =====
The largest employers in the state, as of the first fiscal quarter of 2011, are the following, according to the Nevada Department of Employment, Training and Rehabilitation:<ref>" {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120425071124/http://www.nevadaworkforce.com/admin/uploadedPublications/2545_State_of_Nevada.xls |date=April 25, 2012 }}." Nevada Workforce Informer. Nevada Department of Employment, Training and Rehabilitation.</ref>
Non-alcohol drug laws are notable exception to Nevada's otherwise libertarian principles. It is notable for having the harshest penalties for drug offenders in the country. Nevada remains the only state to still use ] sentencing guidelines for ] possession. However, it is now a misdemeanor for possession of less than one ounce but only for persons age 21 and older. In 2006, voters in Nevada defeated attempts to allow possession of 1 ounce of marijuana (for personal use) without being criminally prosecuted, (55% against legalization, 45% in favor of legalization). Also, Nevada is one of the states that allows for use of ] (though this remains illegal under federal law).


{| class="wikitable"
Nevada has very liberal ] laws. Bars are permitted to remain open 24 hours, with no "]". ]s, ]s and ]s may also sell alcohol 24 hours per day, and may sell beer, wine and spirits.
|-

! Rank
===== Smoking =====
! Employer
Nevada voters enacted a smoking ban ("the Nevada Clean Indoor Air Act") in November 2006 that became effective on December 8, 2006. It outlaws smoking in most workplaces and public places. Smoking is permitted in bars, but only if the bar serves no food, or the bar is inside a larger casino. Smoking is also permitted in casinos, hotel rooms, tobacco shops, and ]s.<ref></ref> However, some businesses do not obey this law and the government tends not to enforce it.<ref></ref> Yet, in one case they did prosecute an establishment called "Bilbo's" but trial is pending until 2008.<ref></ref>
|-

| 1
=== Crime ===
| ]
Nevada has been ranked as the most dangerous state in the United States for five years in a row<ref name="KIROTV">{{cite news|url=http://www.kirotv.com/news/15618530/detail.html|title=Nevada Ranked Most Dangerous State|date=2008-03-17|publisher=KIROTV|accessdate=2009-01-04}}</ref><ref name="cqpress">{{cite news|url=http://os.cqpress.com/Crime%20State%202008_Most%20Dangerous.pdf|title=The 15th Annual Most Dangerous State Award, Nevada Still Fighting the Problem|date=2009-01-04|publisher=cqpress|accessdate=2009-01-04}}</ref>. In 2006, the ] in Nevada was approximately 24% higher than the national average rate. ] accounted for approximately 84.6% of the crime rate in Nevada which was 21% higher than the national rate. The remaining 20.3% were ]s and were approximately 45% higher than other states<ref name="NICIC">{{cite news|url=http://www.nicic.org/Features/StateStats/?State=NV|title=Overview of Nevada's CorrectionalSystem|date=2009-01-04|publisher=NICIC|accessdate=2009-01-04}}</ref>. In 2008, Nevada had the third highest ], and the highest rate of ] and ].<ref name="KIROTV">{{cite news|url=http://www.kirotv.com/news/15618530/detail.html|title=Nevada Ranked Most Dangerous State|date=2008-03-17|publisher=KIROTV|accessdate=2009-01-04}}</ref> It should be noted that many of these statistics may not totally be attributed to the citizens of Nevada themselves, but partially to the high rate of visitors entering and leaving the state as well.
|-

| 2
== Politics ==
| ]
{| align="right" border="2" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 79%;"
|-
|+ '''Presidential elections results'''
| 3
|- bgcolor=lightgrey
| ]
! Year
|-
! ]
| 4
! ]
| ]
|-
| 5
| ]
|-
| 6
| ]
|-
| 7
| ]
|-
| 8
| ]
|-
| 9
| ]
|-
| 10
| ]
|-
| 11
| ]
|-
| 12
| ]
|-
| 13
| ]
|-
| 14
| ]
|- |-
| 15
|bgcolor="#f0f0ff"|]
| ]
|bgcolor="#fff3f3"| 42.65% ''412,827''
|bgcolor="#f0f0ff"| '''55.15%''' ''533,736''
|- |-
| 16
|bgcolor="#fff3f3"|]
| ]
|bgcolor="#fff3f3"|'''50.47%''' ''418,690''
|bgcolor="#f0f0ff"| 47.88% ''397,190''
|- |-
| 17
|bgcolor="#fff3f3"|]
| ]
|bgcolor="#fff3f3"|'''49.49%''' ''301,575''
|bgcolor="#f0f0ff"| 45.94% ''279,978''
|- |-
| 18
|bgcolor="#f0f0ff"|]
| ]
|bgcolor="#fff3f3"| 44.55% ''198,775''
|bgcolor="#f0f0ff"|'''45.60%''' ''203,388''
|- |-
| 19
|bgcolor="#f0f0ff"|]
| ]
|bgcolor="#fff3f3"| 34.71% ''175,828''
|bgcolor="#f0f0ff"|'''37.41%''' ''189,148''
|- |-
| 20
|bgcolor="#fff3f3"|]
| ]
|bgcolor="#fff3f3"|'''58.90%''' ''206,040''
|bgcolor="#f0f0ff"| 37.91% ''132,738''
|} |}
===State Politics===
Due to heavy growth in the southern portion of the state, there is a noticeable divide between politics of northern and southern Nevada. The north has long maintained control of key positions in state government, even while the population of Southern Nevada is larger than the rest of the state combined. The north sees the high population south becoming more influential and perhaps commanding majority rule. The south sees the north as the "old guard" trying to rule as an ]. This has fostered some resentment, however, due to a term limit amendment passed by Nevada voters in 1994, and again in 1996, some of the north's hold over key positions will soon be forfeited to the south, leaving Northern Nevada with less power. Most people outside the state are not familiar with this rivalry.


==Infrastructure==
Clark and Washoe counties—home to Las Vegas and Reno, respectively—have long dominated the state's politics. Between them, they cast 87 percent of Nevada's vote, and elect a substantial majority of the state legislature. The great majority of the state's elected officials are either from Las Vegas or Reno.
===Transportation===
]
], also known as "The Loneliest Road in America"]]
]'s '']'' train uses the Union Pacific's original ] line in daily service from Chicago to ], serving ], ], and Reno. Las Vegas has had no passenger train service since Amtrak's ] was discontinued in 1997. ] buses provide connecting service from Las Vegas to trains at ], Los Angeles, and ]; and from ], to ]. There have been a number of proposals to re-introduce service to either ] or ] with the privately run ] having begun construction in 2024.


The ] has some railroads in the north and south of Nevada. ] provide some bus service to the state.
===National Politics===
Nevada has voted for the winner in every presidential election since 1912, except in 1976 when it voted for ] over ]. This gives the state status as a political ].


] (I-15) passes through the southern tip of the state, serving Las Vegas and other communities. ] and ] also serve the Las Vegas metropolitan area. ] crosses through the northern part of Nevada, roughly following the path of the Humboldt River from Utah in the east and the Truckee River westward through Reno into California. It has a spur route, ]. Nevada also is served by several U.S. highways: ], ], ], ] and ]. There are also 189 ]. Many of Nevada's counties have a system of county routes as well, though many are not signed or paved in rural areas. Nevada is one of a few states in the U.S. that do not have a continuous ] linking its two major population centers{{snd}}the road connection between the Las Vegas and Reno areas is a combination of several different Interstate and U.S. highways. The ] proposed routing may eventually remedy this.<ref>{{cite book|title=Pictures of Highway Shields: Nevada!| isbn=9781411663183 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dK4sFmxUJasC&q=Nevada+interstate+15 | last1=Rogers | first1=Carl | date=September 2005 | publisher=Lulu.com }}</ref>
As of 2008, 43.8% of voters are registered Democrats, 36.1% are Republican and the remaining 20.1% are considered Independents.<ref>http://sos.state.nv.us/elections/voter-reg/2009/0309nvtotage.asp</ref> Recently, Nevada supported Democrat ] in the ] and ] presidential elections, Republican ] won in ] and ], and Democrat ] won the state in ].


The state is one of just a few in the country to allow ]s with three trailers{{snd}}what might be called a "]" in Australia. But American versions are usually smaller, in part because they must ascend and descend some fairly steep mountain passes.
The state's U. S. Senators are Democrat ], the ], and Republican ], former chairman of the ]. The Governorship is held by ], a Republican from Reno.


] is the public transit system in the Las Vegas metropolitan area. The agency is the largest transit agency in the state and operates a network of bus service across the ], including the use of ], ]es, on the ] and several outlying routes. RTC RIDE operates a system of local transit bus service throughout the Reno-Sparks metropolitan area. Other transit systems in the state include Carson City's JAC. Most other counties in the state do not have public transportation at all.
State departments and agencies:

<div style="-moz-column-count:3; -webkit-column-count:3; column-count:3;"><!-- extra stuff for more browsers -->
Additionally, a {{convert|4|mi|km|adj=on}} ] system provides public transportation in the Las Vegas area. The ] line services several casino properties and the ] on the east side of the Las Vegas Strip, running near Paradise Road, with a possible future extension to ]. Several hotels also run their own monorail lines between each other, which are typically several blocks in length.
* ]

Harry Reid International Airport in Las Vegas is the busiest airport serving Nevada. The ] (formerly known as the Reno Cannon International Airport) is the other major airport in the state.

===Energy===
{{See also|List of power stations in Nevada}}
{{external media| image1 = <!--via https://www.nvenergy.com/about-nvenergy/our-company/power-supply -->}}

Nevada has had a thriving ]. An independent study in 2013 concluded that solar users created a $36{{spaces}}million net benefit. However, in December 2015, the Public Utility Commission let the state's only power company, ], charge higher rates and fees to solar panel users, leading to an immediate collapse of rooftop solar panel use.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Hernandez|first=Dan|date=2016-01-13|title=Nevada solar industry collapses after state lets power company raise fees|language=en-GB|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2016/jan/13/solar-panel-energy-power-company-nevada|access-date=2023-03-17|issn=0261-3077}}</ref>

In December 1987, Congress amended the Nuclear Waste Policy Act to designate ] as the only site to be characterized as a permanent repository for all of the nation's ].<ref>{{cite news |title=Congress works to revive long-delayed plan to store nuclear waste in Yucca Mountain |url=https://eu.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2018/06/03/yucca-mountain-congress-works-revive-dormant-nuclear-waste-dump/664153002/ |work=USA Today |date=June 3, 2018 |access-date=November 14, 2019 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20190801201959/https://eu.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2018/06/03/yucca-mountain-congress-works-revive-dormant-nuclear-waste-dump/664153002/ |archive-date=August 1, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Affordable housing ===
In 2018, the ] calculated the discrepancy between available affordable housing units and renters who earn below the poverty line. In Nevada, only 15 affordable rental homes are available per 100 extremely low income (ELI) households.<ref>{{Cite web|first=Sarah|last=Holder|date=March 13, 2018|title=For Low-Income Renters, the Affordable Housing Gap Persists|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-03-13/low-income-renters-find-stubborn-affordable-housing-gap|access-date=2021-12-06|website=Bloomberg |archive-date=January 31, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220131061635/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-03-13/low-income-renters-find-stubborn-affordable-housing-gap|url-status=live}}</ref> The shortage extended to a deficit in supply of 71,358 affordable rental homes. This was the largest discrepancy of any state. The most notable catalyst for this shortage was the ] and housing crisis of 2007 and 2008. Since then, housing prices have increased while demand has increased, and supply has struggled to match the increase in demand. In addition, low-income service workers were slowly being pushed out by an influx of tech professionals. In Nevada there is essentially a standard of six-figure income to affordably rent a ].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Can Nevadans afford Nevada? A look at the state's housing, rental markets|url=https://www.fox5vegas.com/news/can-nevadans-afford-nevada-a-look-at-the-states-housing-rental-markets/article_d61dde1e-e5e6-11eb-862f-d7fbc7e268b7.html|access-date=2021-12-06|website=FOX5 Las Vegas|language=en|archive-date=December 6, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211206040343/https://www.fox5vegas.com/news/can-nevadans-afford-nevada-a-look-at-the-states-housing-rental-markets/article_d61dde1e-e5e6-11eb-862f-d7fbc7e268b7.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Considering the ] in Nevada, $54,842 per year, this standard is on average, unaffordable.<ref>{{Cite web|title=American Community Survey (ACS)|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs|access-date=2021-12-06|website=Census.gov|archive-date=December 5, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211205011314/https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs|url-status=live}}</ref> The disproportionate cost of housing compared to average salary has led to 112,872 renters to be paying more than half of their yearly income towards housing.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Affordable Housing - Nevada HAND {{!}} Affordable Housing {{!}} Las Vegas|url=https://nevadahand.org/our-mission-affordable-housing/affordable-housing/|access-date=2021-12-06|website=Nevada HAND|language=en-US|archive-date=December 6, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211206040348/https://nevadahand.org/our-mission-affordable-housing/affordable-housing/|url-status=live}}</ref>

The definition of an affordable home is "one that a household can obtain for ]". So, there is clearly a long way to go in order to close the gap between housing prices and relative income in the state. Renters are looking for solutions to still be able to live in the state in a way that their income can support. As a result, single adults are being forced to split rent with other renters or move residences to farther outside metro areas. One solution being offered is to increase the supply of higher income positions within the state to make things more affordable. However, this would require Nevadans to retrain in new jobs or careers.

==Education==
Education in Nevada is achieved through public and private ], ], and ], as well as colleges and universities.

A May 2015 educational reform law expanded school choice options to 450,000 Nevada students who are at up to 185% of the ]. Education savings accounts (ESAs) are enabled by the new law to help pay the tuition for private schools. Alternatively, families "can use funds in these accounts to also pay for textbooks and tutoring".<ref name=ibd20150601>{{cite news |title=School Choice: Full Education Competition Comes To Nevada |url=http://news.investors.com/ibd-editorials/060115-755174-nevada-leads-nation-in-educational-choice-students-benefit.htm |access-date=June 2, 2015 |work=Investors Business Daily |date=June 1, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150715002536/http://news.investors.com/ibd-editorials/060115-755174-nevada-leads-nation-in-educational-choice-students-benefit.htm |archive-date=July 15, 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Nevada – Education Savings Accounts|newspaper=Edchoice |url=http://www.edchoice.org/School-Choice/Programs/Nevada---Education-Savings-Accounts.aspx|access-date=June 5, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150707125934/http://www.edchoice.org/School-Choice/Programs/Nevada---Education-Savings-Accounts.aspx|archive-date=July 7, 2015|url-status=live}}</ref>

Approximately 86.9% of Nevada residents have attained at least a high school degree or equivalent, which is below the national average of 88.6%.<ref>{{cite web |title=Nevada |url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/profile?q=Nevada&g=0400000US32 |website=U.S. Census Bureau – Nevada |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |access-date=July 28, 2021 |archive-date=June 15, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200615123524/https://data.census.gov/cedsci/profile?q=Nevada&g=0400000US32 |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Public school districts===

Public school districts in Nevada include:
{{div col|colwidth=24em}}
* ]
* ]
* ], the ] school district in the United States
* Douglas County School District
* Elko County School District
* ]
* Eureka County School District
* ]
* Lander County School District
* Lincoln County School District
* ]
* Mineral County School District
* ]
* ]
* Storey County School District
* ]
* ]
{{div col end}}

===Colleges and universities===

{{div col|colwidth=24em}}
* ]
** ] (UNLV)
** ] (UNR)
** ] (NSU)
** ] (TMCC)
** ]
** ] (CSN)
** ] (WNC)
* ]
* ]
* ]

{{div col end}}

===Research institutes===

* ]

The Nevada Aerospace Hall of Fame provides educational resources and promotes the aerospace and aviation history of the state.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://nvahof.org/ |title=Nevada Aerospace Hall of Fame |publisher=Nvahof.org |access-date=January 17, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130117094938/http://nvahof.org/ |archive-date=January 17, 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Law and government==
===Government===

{{Main|Government of Nevada}}
] in Carson City]]

Under the ], the powers of the ] are divided among three ]: the ] consisting of the ] and their cabinet along with the other elected constitutional officers; the ] consisting of the ], which includes the ] and the ]; and the ] consisting of the ] and lower courts.

The governor is the ] of Nevada,<ref name="nvc-5-1">NV Const. art. V, § 1.</ref> the head of the executive department of the state's government,<ref name="nvc-5-1" /> and the commander-in-chief of the ]'s ].<ref>NV Const. art. V, § 5.</ref> The current governor is ], a Republican. The executive branch also consists of an independently elected ], ], ], ], and ] who function as a check and balance on the power of the governor.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.leg.state.nv.us/Division/Research/LegInfo/Orientation/2010-11/Handouts/Jan19-24/1-19/02StructureOfGovt_ExecBranch.pdf|title=The Structure of Government: Executive Branch|publisher=Nevada Legislative Counsel Bureau|first=Michael J. |last=Stewart|access-date=September 12, 2023}}</ref>

The Nevada Legislature is a ] body divided into an Assembly and Senate. Members of the Assembly serve two years, and members of the Senate serve four years. Both houses of the Nevada Legislature enacted term limits starting in 2010, with senators and assemblymen/women who are limited to a maximum of twelve years in each body (by appointment or election which is a lifetime limit){{snd}}a provision of the constitution which was upheld by the Supreme Court of Nevada in a unanimous decision. Each session of the legislature meets for a constitutionally mandated 120 days in every odd-numbered year, or longer if the governor calls a special session.

On December 18, 2018, Nevada became the first in the United States with a female majority in its legislature. Women hold nine of the 21 seats in the Nevada Senate, and 23 of the 42 seats in the Nevada Assembly.<ref>{{cite news |last=Price |first=Michelle L. |url=https://www.apnews.com/8bebc3041f564d449365feff713bf7a4 |title=Nevada becomes 1st US state with female-majority Legislature |work=] |date=December 18, 2018 |access-date=December 20, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181220145235/https://apnews.com/8bebc3041f564d449365feff713bf7a4 |archive-date=December 20, 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref>

The Supreme Court of Nevada is the ] and the head of the ]. Original jurisdiction is divided between the ] (with general jurisdiction), and justice courts and municipal courts (both of limited jurisdiction). Appeals from District Courts are made directly to the Nevada Supreme Court, which under a deflective model of jurisdiction, has the discretion to send cases to the ] for final resolution.<ref name="NevadaJudiciary_CourtOfAppeals">{{cite web |url=http://nvcourts.gov/Supreme/Court_Information/Court_of_Appeals/ |title=Court of Appeals |website=Nevada Judiciary |access-date=August 12, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170812211936/http://nvcourts.gov/Supreme/Court_Information/Court_of_Appeals/ |archive-date=August 12, 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref>

]s in Nevada, known as cities, are given the authority to legislate anything not prohibited by law. A recent movement has begun to permit ] to incorporate Nevada cities to give them more flexibility and fewer restrictions from the Legislature. Town Boards for ] are limited local governments created by either the local county commission, or by referendum, and form a purely advisory role and in no way diminish the responsibilities of the county commission that creates them.

====State agencies====

{{div col|colwidth=24em}}
* ]
* Department of Business & Industry * Department of Business & Industry
* ] * ]
* Consumer Health Assistance * Consumer Health Assistance
* Controller's Office * Controller's Office
* ] * ]
* ] * ]
* Nevada Commission on Economic Development * Nevada Commission on Economic Development
Line 399: Line 1,183:
* ] * ]
* Governor's Office * Governor's Office
* Nevada Film Office
* Department of Health and Human Services * Department of Health and Human Services
* Department of Information Technology * Department of Information Technology
* Department of Justice * Department of Justice
* ] * ]
* Nevada Military Department * ]
* Division of Minerals, Commission on Mineral Resources * Division of Minerals, Commission on Mineral Resources
* ] * ]
* ]
* Department of Personnel * Department of Personnel
* Advisory Council for Prosecuting Attorneys * Advisory Council for Prosecuting Attorneys
Line 412: Line 1,196:
* Public Employees Retirement System * Public Employees Retirement System
* ] * ]
* ] <ref>http://puc.state.nv.us</ref> * ]
* Department of Secretary of State * Department of Secretary of State
* Department of Taxation * Department of Taxation
Line 420: Line 1,204:
* Universities and Community Colleges of Nevada * Universities and Community Colleges of Nevada
* Nevada Office of Veterans' Services * Nevada Office of Veterans' Services
* Western Interstate Commission for Higher Education * ]
* ] * ]
* Board of Museums and History
</div>
{{div col end}}
{{Further|]}}


=== Local government === ===Law===
] in Nevada, known as cities, are vested with ] powers, meaning that they are given the authority to legislate anything not prohibited by law.


]]]
] are settlements ] governed by the ] in which they are located, but who, by local ] or by the act of the county commission, can form limited local governments in the form of a Town Advisory Board (TAB)/ Citizens Advisory Council (CAC), or a Town Board.


In 1900, Nevada's population was the smallest of all states and was shrinking, as the difficulties of living in a "barren desert" began to outweigh the lure of silver for many early settlers. Historian ] has explained what happened next:
Town Advisory Boards and Citizens Advisory Councils are formed purely by act of the county commission. Consisting of three to five members, these elected boards form a purely advisory role, and in no way diminish the responsibilities of the county commission that creates them. Members of advisory councils and boards are elected to two year terms, and serve without compensation. The councils and boards, themselves, are provided no revenue, and oversee no budget.
{{blockquote|Nevada, in a burst of ingenuity, built an economy by exploiting its sovereignty. Its strategy was to legalize all sorts of things that were illegal in California{{spaces}}... after the easy divorce came easy marriage and ] gaming. Even prostitution is legal in Nevada, in any county that decides to allow it. Quite a few of them do.<ref>Lawrence M. Friedman, ''American Law in the Twentieth Century'' (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2002), pp. 596–597.</ref>}}


With the advent of ] for summertime use and Southern Nevada's mild winters, the fortunes of the state began to turn around, as it did for ], making these two states the fastest growing in the Union.
Town Boards are limited local governments created by either the local county commission, or by ]. The board consists of five members elected to four-year terms. Half the board is required to be up for election in each election. The board elects from within its ranks a town chairperson and town clerk. While more powerful than Town Advisory Boards and Citizens Advisory Councils, they also serve a largely advisory role, with their funding provided by their local county commission. The local county commission has the power to put before residents of the town a vote on whether to keep or dissolve a town board at any general election. Town boards have the ability to appoint a town manager if they choose to do so.


====Prostitution====
== Important Cities and Towns ==
]]]
]]]
]]]
]]]
<!-- Unsourced image removed: ]]] -->
{|
|-
|valign=top|
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right; margin-left:60px"
|-
! Rank !! align=center |City !! Population<br><small> within<br>city limits</small> !! Land Area<br><small> sq. miles</small> !! Population<br>Density<br><small> per sq mi</small> !! County
|-
|1 ||align=left | ] || '''591,536''' || 131.3 || 4,217.8 || ]
|-
|2 ||align=left | ] || '''265,790''' || 79.7 || 2,200.8 || ]
|-
|3 ||align=left | ] || '''216,672''' || 78.5 || 1,471.0 || ]
|-
|4 ||align=left | ] || ''' 214,853''' || 69.1 || 2,611.4 || ]
|-
|5 ||align=left | ] || '''195,727''' || 38.2 || 4,081.8 || ]
|-
|6 ||align=left | ] || '''189,958''' ||47.1 || 3,947.3 || ]
|-
|7 ||align=left | ] || '''175,581''' || 33.4 || 3,519.4 || ]
|-
|8 ||align=left | ] || '''88,518''' || 23.9 || 2,773.6 || ]
|-
|9 ||align=left | ] || '''58,350''' || 143.4 || 366 || ]
|-
|10 ||align=left | ] || '''44,614''' ||297.9|| 82.7 || ]
|}
|}


{{See also|Prostitution in Nevada}}
Paradise, Sunrise Manor, and Spring Valley are unincorporated towns in the Las Vegas metropolitan area.


Nevada is the only state where ] is legal{{snd}}in a licensed ] in a county which has specifically voted to permit it. It is illegal in larger jurisdictions such as Clark County (which contains Las Vegas), ] (which contains Reno), and the independent city of ].
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right; margin-left:60px"

====Divorce====

Nevada's early reputation as a "divorce haven" arose from the fact that before the ] revolution in the 1970s, divorces were difficult to obtain in the United States. Already having legalized gambling and prostitution, Nevada continued the trend of boosting its profile by adopting one of the most liberal divorce statutes in the nation. This resulted in '']'', {{ussc|317|287|1942}}, in which the ] ruled ] had to give "]" to a Nevada divorce. The Court modified its decision in ''Williams v. North Carolina'' (1945), {{ussc|325|226|1945}}, by holding a state need not recognize a Nevada divorce unless one of the parties was domiciled there at the time the divorce was granted and the forum state was entitled to make its own determination.

As of 2009, Nevada's divorce rate was above the national average.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.reviewjournal.com/news/nevada-and-west/nevadas-divorce-rate-exceeds-national-average |title=Nevada's divorce rate exceeds national average – News – ReviewJournal.com |publisher=Lvrj.com |date=August 25, 2011 |access-date=January 17, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130524184556/http://www.reviewjournal.com/news/nevada-and-west/nevadas-divorce-rate-exceeds-national-average |archive-date=May 24, 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref>

====Taxes====

Nevada's tax laws are intended to draw new residents and businesses to the state. Nevada has no ] or ].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://taxfoundation.org/state-tax-climate/nevada|title=The Tax Foundation – Tax Research Areas > Nevada|website=Tax Foundation|access-date=September 15, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120622225631/http://taxfoundation.org/state-tax-climate/nevada|archive-date=June 22, 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> Since Nevada does not collect income data it cannot share such information with the federal government, the ].<ref>Nicholas Shaxson: ''Treasure Islands, Tax Havens and the Men Who Stole the World''; The Bodley Head, London, 2011</ref>

The state ] (similar to VAT or GST) in Nevada is variable depending upon the county. The statewide tax rate is 6.85%, with five counties (Elko, Esmeralda, Eureka, Humboldt, and Mineral) charging this amount. Counties may impose additional rates via voter approval or through approval of the state legislature; therefore, the applicable sales tax varies by county from 6.85% to 8.375% (Clark County). Clark County, which includes Las Vegas, imposes four separate county ]es in addition to the statewide rate: 0.25% for flood control, 0.50% for mass transit, 0.25% for infrastructure, and 0.25% for more law enforcement. In Washoe County, which includes Reno, the sales tax rate is 7.725%, due to county option rates for flood control, the ReTRAC train trench project, and mass transit, and an additional county rate approved under the Local Government Tax Act of 1991.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://tax.state.nv.us/documents/Sales_Tax_Map.pdf |title=Sales Tax Map |access-date=May 4, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130129083550/http://www.tax.state.nv.us/documents/Sales_Tax_Map.pdf |archive-date=January 29, 2013 }}</ref> The minimum Nevada sales tax rate changed on July 1, 2009.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://tax.state.nv.us/pubs.htm#Sales |title=Taxation Publications |publisher=Tax.state.nv.us |access-date=July 31, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100813171855/http://tax.state.nv.us/pubs.htm#Sales |archive-date=August 13, 2010 }}</ref>

The lodging tax rate in unincorporated Clark County, which includes the Las Vegas Strip, is 12%. Within the boundaries of the cities of Las Vegas and Henderson, the lodging tax rate is 13%.

Corporations such as ] allegedly have set up investment companies and funds in Nevada to avoid paying taxes.<ref>{{cite magazine |url=http://www.thenation.com/article/164499/agony-and-ecstasy-and-disgrace-steve-jobs |title=The Agony and Ecstasy – and 'Disgrace' – of Steve Jobs |magazine=The Nation |date=November 9, 2011 |access-date=January 17, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130123114212/http://www.thenation.com/article/164499/agony-and-ecstasy-and-disgrace-steve-jobs |archive-date=January 23, 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref>

====LGBT rights====

{{Main|Same-sex marriage in Nevada|LGBT rights in Nevada}}

In 2009, the ] passed a bill creating a domestic partnership registry which enables same-sex couples to enjoy the same rights as married couples. Due to the landmark decision in the case of '']'', 576 U.S. 644 (2015), same-sex marriage was outright legalized in the state.

====Incorporation====

Nevada provides a friendly environment for the formation of corporations, and many (especially California) businesses have incorporated in Nevada to take advantage of the benefits of the Nevada statute. ]s offer great flexibility to the board of directors and simplify or avoid many of the rules that are cumbersome to business managers in some other states. In addition, Nevada has no ], although it does require businesses to have a license for which the business has to pay the state.

====Financial institutions====

Similarly, many U.S. states have ] laws limiting the amount of ] a lender can charge, but federal law allows corporations to "import" these laws from their home state. Nevada has no cap on interest rates that may be agreed to in contracts.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.findlaw.com/state/nevada-law/nevada-interest-rates-laws.html |access-date=2021-12-31 |title=Nevada Interest Rates Laws |archive-date=December 31, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211231205657/https://www.findlaw.com/state/nevada-law/nevada-interest-rates-laws.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

====Alcohol and other drugs====

{{See also|Alcohol laws of Nevada|Cannabis in Nevada}}

Nevada has very liberal ] laws. Bars are permitted to remain open 24{{spaces}}hours, with no "]". ]s, ]s and supermarkets may also sell alcohol 24{{spaces}}hours per day and may sell beer, wine and spirits.

In 2016, Nevada voters approved ], which legalized the possession, transportation and cultivation of personal use amounts of ] for adults age 21 years and older, and authorized the creation of a regulated market for the sale of marijuana to adults age 21 years and older through state-licensed retail outlets.<ref>{{cite web |title=Initiative to Regulate and Tax Marijuana |publisher=Nevada Secretary of State |date=April 23, 2014 |url=http://nvsos.gov/Modules/ShowDocument.aspx?documentid=3294 |access-date=May 23, 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160817223403/http://nvsos.gov/Modules/ShowDocument.aspx?documentid=3294 |archive-date=August 17, 2016 }}</ref> Nevada voters had previously approved ] in 2000, but rejected marijuana legalization in a similar referendum in 2006. Marijuana in all forms remains illegal under federal law.

Aside from cannabis legalization, non-alcohol drug laws are a notable exception to Nevada's otherwise libertarian principles. It is notable for having the harshest penalties for drug offenders in the country. Nevada remains the only state to still use ] guidelines for possession of drugs.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.shouselaw.com/nevada/drug-possession.html|title=Las Vegas, Nevada "Possession of a Controlled Substance (Drug)" Laws|website=www.shouselaw.com|access-date=November 26, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181127064613/https://www.shouselaw.com/nevada/drug-possession.html |archive-date=November 27, 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref>

The ] (SAMHSA) reported, in their Behavioral Health Barometer for Nevada, published in 2014, changes to substance abuse patterns and addiction across the southwestern state.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=Addiction and Mental Health in Nevada|url=https://deserthopetreatment.com/las-vegas-program/insurance/using-bho/|access-date=January 28, 2021|website=Desert Hope|archive-date=January 11, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210111133356/https://deserthopetreatment.com/las-vegas-program/insurance/using-bho/|url-status=live}}</ref> Between 2012 and 2013, adolescents in Nevada abused illicit substances at a slightly higher percentage than nationally. 10.2 percent of Nevada's adolescents abused illicit drugs compared to 9.2 percent across the United States. Between 2009 and 2013, 11.7 percent of all adolescents in the state reported abusing illicit, intoxicating substances in the month prior to the survey; this represents 25,000 adolescents.

====Smoking====

Nevada voters enacted a smoking ban ("The Nevada Clean Indoor Air Act") in November 2006 which became effective on December 8, 2006. It outlaws smoking in most workplaces and public places. Smoking is permitted in bars, but only if the bar serves no food, or the bar is inside a larger casino. Smoking is also permitted in casinos, certain hotel rooms, tobacco shops, and brothels.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nevadaappeal.com/article/20071006/NEWS/110060112 |title=State smoking ban sparks zone-change request for Gardnerville parcel Nevada Appeal serving Carson City, Nevada |publisher=Nevadaappeal.com |date=October 6, 2007 |access-date=July 31, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111211081512/http://www.nevadaappeal.com/article/20071006/NEWS/110060112 |archive-date=December 11, 2011 |url-status=live }}</ref> However, some businesses do not obey this law and the government tends not to enforce it.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.kvbc.com/Global/story.asp?S=6466938 |title=Have Nevada bars given up the smoking habit? |publisher=Kvbc.com |access-date=July 31, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110929004116/http://www.kvbc.com/Global/story.asp?S=6466938 |archive-date=September 29, 2011 }}</ref> In 2011, smoking restrictions in Nevada were relaxed for certain places which allow only people 21 or older inside.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.blacklobellolaw.com/tag/smoking-ban-loosened/ |title=Black & LoBello smoking ban loosened Archives " Black & LoBello |publisher=Blacklobellolaw.com |date=June 17, 2011 |access-date=July 27, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129065835/http://blacklobellolaw.com/tag/smoking-ban-loosened/ |archive-date=November 29, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>

====Crime====
{{main|Crime in Nevada}}
In 2006, the ] in Nevada was about 24% higher than the national average rate, though crime has since decreased. ] accounted for about 85% of the total crime rate in Nevada, which was 21% higher than the national rate. The remaining 20.3% were ]s.<ref name="NICIC">{{cite news|url=http://www.nicic.org/Features/StateStats/?State=NV |title=Overview of Nevada's CorrectionalSystem |date=January 4, 2009 |publisher=NICIC |access-date=January 4, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080216065149/http://www.nicic.org/Features/StateStats/?State=NV |archive-date=February 16, 2008 }}</ref> A complete listing of crime data in the state for 2013 can be found here:<ref>{{cite web |url=http://nvrepository.state.nv.us/UCR/2013CrimeInNVannualReport.pdf |title=2013 Crime In Nevada Annual Report |publisher=NV Repository |date=2013 |access-date=November 21, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129070517/http://nvrepository.state.nv.us/UCR/2013CrimeInNVannualReport.pdf |archive-date=November 29, 2014 }}</ref>

==Politics==
{{See also||Political party strength in Nevada}}

{| class="wikitable floatleft"
|+ '''Party registration as of December 2024'''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nvsos.gov/sos/elections/voters/voter-registration-statistics/2024-statistics/-fsiteid-1|title=Voter Registration Statistics|access-date=January 8, 2025}}</ref>
|- |-
! colspan="2" | Party
! Rank !! align=center |County !! Population<br><small> within<br>county limits</small> !! Land Area<br><small> sq. miles</small> !! Population<br>Density<br><small> per sq mi</small> !! Largest city
! Total voters
! Percentage
|- |-
| {{party color cell|Democratic Party (United States)}}
|1 ||align=left | ] || '''1,715,337''' || 7,910 || 174 || ]
| ]
| style="text-align:center;" | 682,660
| style="text-align:center;" | 29.36%
|- |-
| {{party color cell|Republican Party (United States)}}
|2 ||align=left | ] || '''383,453''' || 6,342 || 54 || ]
| ]
| style="text-align:center;" | 673,176
| style="text-align:center;" | 28.95%
|- |-
| {{party color cell|Constitution Party (United States)}}
|3 ||align=left | ] || '''56,146''' || 155.7 || 366 || ]
| ]
| style="text-align:center;" | 106,002
| style="text-align:center;" | 4.56%
|- |-
| {{party color cell|Libertarian Party (United States)}}
|4 ||align=left | ] || '''47,803''' || 710 || 58 || ]
| ]
| style="text-align:center;" | 19,173
| style="text-align:center;" | 0.82%
|- |-
| {{party color cell|Other parties (US)}}
|5 ||align=left | ] || '''46,499''' || 17,179 || 3 || ]
| ]
| style="text-align:center;" | 49,952
| style="text-align:center;" | 2.15%
|- |-
| {{party color cell|Independent Party (United States)}}
|6 ||align=left | ] || '''44,646''' || 1,994 || 17 || ]
| ]
| style="text-align:center;" | 794,099
| style="text-align:center;" | 34.15%
|- |-
! colspan="2" | Total
|7 ||align=left | ] || '''38,181''' || 18,147 || 2 || ]
! style="text-align:center;" | 2,325,062
|-
! style="text-align:center;" | 100.00%
|8 ||align=left | ] || '''26,106''' || 4,929 || 5 || ]
|-
|9 ||align=left | ] || '''17,129''' || 9,648 || 2 || ]
|-
|10 ||align=left | ] || '''8,966''' || 8,876 || 1 || ]
|} |}
<small>'''Note: table was compiled using Nevada State estimates from for population and ] for area and density''' </small>


===State politics===
{{seealso|List of cities in Nevada}}


[[File:Party registration by county (February 2023).svg|thumb|Majority/plurality party in each Nevada county (February 2023):
=== 10 richest places in Nevada ===
{{legend|#d3e7ff|2=Democrat >= 30%}}
Ranked by ]
{{legend|#ffccd0|2=Republican >= 30%}}
#] $52,521 ]
{{legend|#f2b3be|2=Republican >= 40%}}
#] $41,421 ]
{{legend|#e27f90|2=Republican >= 50%}}
#] $38,821 ]
{{legend|#cc2f4a|2=Republican >= 60%}}]]
#] $38,233 ]
#] $37,218 ]
#] $33,017 ]
#] $30,479 ]
#] $30,405 ]
#] $29,770 ]
#] $26,908 ]


Due to heavy growth in the southern portion of the state, there is a noticeable divide between the politics of northern and southern Nevada. Historically, northern Nevada has been very ]. The more rural counties of the north are among the most conservative regions of the state. Carson City, the state's capital, is a Republican-leaning swing city/county. Washoe County, home to Reno, has historically been strongly Republican, but now has become a fairly balanced swing county, like the state as a whole. Clark County, home to Las Vegas, has been a stronghold for the Democratic Party since it was founded in 1909, having voted Republican only six times and once for a third-party candidate.{{citation needed|date=December 2021}} Clark and Washoe counties have long dominated the state's politics. Between them, they cast 87% of Nevada's vote, and elect a substantial majority of the state legislature. The last Republican to carry Clark County was ] in 1988, and the last Republican to carry Washoe County was ] in 2004. The great majority of the state's elected officials are from either Las Vegas or Reno.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.leg.state.nv.us/Division/Research/Publications/PHoN/PHoN.pdf|title=Political History of Nevada}}</ref>
{{further|]}}


In 2014, Republican ], despite losing both Clark and Washoe counties, was elected ]. However, he had lost Clark County only by 5.6% and Washoe County by 1.4%, attributable to lower turnout in these counties.<ref>{{Cite web|title=2014 Attorney General General Election Results|url=https://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS/state.php?fips=32&year=2014&f=0&off=9&elect=0|website=]|access-date=July 6, 2021|archive-date=July 9, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709184754/https://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS/state.php?fips=32&year=2014&f=0&off=9&elect=0|url-status=live}}</ref>
== Education ==
=== Colleges and universities ===
*]
**] (UNR)
**] (UNLV)
**]
**] (TMCC)
**]
**] (CSN)
**]
*]
*]
*]


===National politics===
=== Research Institutes ===
*]


{{See also|United States presidential elections in Nevada}}
]]]
]]]
]]]


Nevada has been won by the winner of nearly every presidential election since its first in 1864, only being carried by the defeated candidate eight times since statehood, most of which were before 1900. Since 1912 Nevada has been carried by the presidential victor the most out of any state (27 of 29 elections), the only exceptions being ] when it voted for ] over ] and ] when the state was carried by ] over ]. This gives the state status as a political ]. It was one of only three states won by ] in ] in the election of ], albeit narrowly.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dailykos.com/story/2012/11/09/1159666/-2012-vs-1960 |title=2012 vs 1960 |publisher=Daily Kos |date=November 9, 2012 |access-date=January 17, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130309051908/http://www.dailykos.com/story/2012/11/09/1159666/-2012-vs-1960 |archive-date=March 9, 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref>
=== Recreation areas maintained by the National Park Service===
The state's U.S. Senators are Democrats ] and ]. The Governorship is held by ], a Republican.
*]
*]
*] near ]
*]
*]
*]


=== Southern Nevada === ===Elections===
* ]
* ] Mountain Bike Park
* ]
* ] and the ]
* ] and the ]


{{Main|Elections in Nevada}}
=== Wilderness ===
{{further|]}}
There are 68 designated ] in Nevada, protecting some {{convert|6579014|acre|km2}} under the jurisdiction of the ], ], and ].<ref></ref>


Nevada is the only U.S. state to have a ] option available on its ballots. Officially called ], the option was first added to the ballot in 1975 and is used in all statewide elections, including president, US Senate and all state constitutional positions. In the event "None of These Candidates" receives a ] of votes in the election, the candidate with the next-highest total is elected.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/politics/not-fan-candidate-nevada-can-vote-none-candidates|title=Not a fan of any candidate? In Nevada, you can vote for 'None of These Candidates'|website=PBS NewsHour |access-date=September 12, 2018|date=October 18, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180912204726/https://www.pbs.org/newshour/politics/not-fan-candidate-nevada-can-vote-none-candidates|archive-date=September 12, 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref>
=== State Parks ===
See: '']''.


In a 2020 study, Nevada was ranked as the 23rd on the "Cost of Voting Index", which is a measure of "the ease of voting across the United States."<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Pomante II |first1=Michael J. |last2=Li |first2=Quan |title=Cost of Voting in the American States: 2020 |journal=Election Law Journal: Rules, Politics, and Policy |date=15 Dec 2020 |volume=19 |issue=4 |pages=503–509 |doi=10.1089/elj.2020.0666 |s2cid=225139517 |doi-access=free | issn=1533-1296 }}</ref>
== Sports ==
Although Nevada is not well-known for their professional sports, the state takes pride in college sports, most notably the ] Wolf Pack of the ] and the ] of the ].
] is most remembered for their basketball program, which experienced its height of supremacy in the late 1980s and early 1990s. Coached by ], the Runnin' Rebels became one of the most elite programs in the country. In 1990, UNLV won the Men's Division I Championship by defeating ] 103&ndash;73, which set tournament records for most points scored by a team and largest margin of victory in the national title game. In 1991, UNLV finished the regular season undefeated. Forward ] won several awards, including the ]. UNLV reached the Final Four yet again, but lost their national semifinal against Duke 79-77, and is referred to as one of the biggest upsets in the NCAA Tournament. The Runnin' Rebels were the ] pre-season #1 back to back (1989&ndash;90, 1990&ndash;91). North Carolina is the only other team to accomplish that (2007-08, 2008-09).


==Culture==
Complete List of Nevada sports teams.
===Entertainment and tourism===
*], ]
*], ]
*], ]
*], ]
*], ]
*], ]
*], ]
*], ] (defunct)
*], ] (defunct)
*]
*], UNR
*]


Resort areas like Las Vegas, Reno, Lake Tahoe, and ] attract visitors from around the nation and world. In fiscal year 2022 Nevada casinos (not counting those with annual revenue under a million dollars) brought in {{US$|10.7}}{{nbsp}}billion in gaming revenue and another {{US$|15.7}}{{nbsp}}billion in non-gaming revenue.<ref>{{Cite web |year=2022 |title=Nevada Gaming Abstract 2022 |url=https://gaming.nv.gov/modules/showdocument.aspx?documentid=19377 |access-date=January 17, 2024 |website=Nevada Gaming Control Board}}</ref>
== Miscellaneous topics ==
{{Trivia|date=January 2008}}
Nevada's nicknames are "Sagebrush State, "Battle Born State", and "Silver State", and the state's motto is "All for Our Country". ''']'' by ] is the state song. The phrase "Battle Born" is on the state flag; "The Battle Born State" is the official state slogan, as Nevada was admitted into the union during the ].


Nevada has by far the most hotel rooms per capita in the United States. According to the American Hotel and Lodging Association, there were 187,301 rooms in 584 hotels (of 15 or more rooms). The state is ranked just below California, Texas, Florida, and New York in the total number of rooms, but those states have much larger populations. Nevada has one hotel room for every 14 residents, far above the national average of one hotel room per 67 residents.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ahla.com/content.aspx?id=27642 |title=State-by-State Fact Sheets on Lodging Industry |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100502124829/http://www.ahla.com/content.aspx?id=27642 |archive-date=May 2, 2010 }}</ref>
Several ] ships have been named ] in honor of the state. The one that preceded the ship that was at ] was eventually renamed ], for the Nevada city


] in licensed brothels, but only counties with populations under 400,000 have the option to legalize it. Although prostitution is not a major part of the Nevada economy, employing roughly 300 women as independent contractors, it is a very visible endeavor. Of the 14 counties permitted to legalize prostitution under state law, eight have chosen to legalize brothels. State law prohibits prostitution in Clark County (which contains Las Vegas), and Washoe County (which contains Reno). However, prostitution is legal in Storey County, which is part of the ].
Nevada is home to ], a major testing and training base of the ]. Nellis is reputedly the home of ], a top-secret installation of the Federal Government. Area 51 is located near ] a dry salt lake bed. Some time ago, the United States Air Force confirmed that there is an operating facility at Groom Lake, but the nature of the activities being conducted at Groom Lake are classified and cannot be disclosed. The much smaller ] is located in ] and can be seen on the right side of ] when entering the town.


===Sports===
The paranormal radio talk show host ] lives in ].


{{See also|Las Vegas#Sports|Sports in the Las Vegas metropolitan area|Reno, Nevada#Sports|Henderson, Nevada#Sports}}
In the ], there is a very well known concept "huitsin Nevada", which refers to some far away place in spoken language (in a same way as a saying "from here to Timbuktu"). The origin and history of the saying is unknown. "Nevada" refers to the name of this U.S. state and "huitsin" is a slang word meaning "very" or "utter".


The Las Vegas Valley is home to the ] of the ] who began to play in the ] at ] on the Las Vegas Strip in ], the ] of the ] who began play at ] in Paradise in 2020 after ], and the ] of the ] who began playing in 2018 at ] after relocating from ]. The ] of ] plan to move to Las Vegas by 2027.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-04-20 |title=Oakland A's close in on move to Las Vegas after signing land deal for stadium |language=en-GB |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2023/apr/20/oakland-athletics-las-vegas-relocation-stadium |access-date=2023-04-20 |issn=0261-3077}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Dubow |first=Josh |date=2023-04-20 |title=Oakland A's purchase land for new stadium in Las Vegas |url=https://www.sfgate.com/sports/article/oakland-a-s-purchase-land-for-new-stadium-in-las-17907772.php |access-date=2023-04-20 |website=SFGATE |language=en-US}}</ref>
=== Songs about Nevada ===
* ''Sands of Nevada'' from ]'s 2000 release ]
* ''Darcy Farrow''
* '']'' from ]'s ] album
* ''Sin City'' from ]'s 2005 release ]
* '']'', the state song of Nevada, by Bertha Rafetto


Nevada takes pride in college sports, most notably its college football. College teams in the state include the ] (representing the University of Nevada, Reno) and the ] (representing the University of Nevada, Las Vegas), both in the ] (MW).
=== Future Issues ===
Nevada enjoys many economic advantages as a whole, and the southern portion of the state enjoys mild winter weather, but rapid growth has led to issues of overcrowded schools. Nevada is already home to the nation's 5th largest school district in the Clark County School District (projected fall 2007 enrollment is 314,000 students grades K-12), the state has seen rising crime levels, and problems with transportation (according to state figures, there is a 1 billion dollar shortfall in funds for road construction projects in Nevada). Most recently, there has been news of water shortfalls in southern Nevada in the years to come, due to the population increase, and the Southern Nevada Water Authority estimates that there will be water shortages by the year 2020. The authority is working on plans to import water from the low populated area of northern Nevada. The state remains ].


UNLV is most remembered for ], which experienced its height of supremacy in the late 1980s and early 1990s. Coached by ], the Runnin' Rebels became one of the most elite programs in the country. In 1990, ] won the Men's Division{{spaces}}I Championship by defeating ] 103–73, which set tournament records for most points scored by a team and largest margin of victory in the national title game.
The residents of the communities in the Las Vegas Valley pay some of the highest car insurance rates in the nation.


In ], UNLV finished the regular season undefeated, a feat that would not be matched in Division{{spaces}}I men's basketball for ]. Forward ] won several awards, including the ]. UNLV reached the Final Four yet again, but lost their national semifinal against ] 79–77. The Runnin' Rebels were the ] pre-season No.{{spaces}}1 back to back (1989–90, 1990–91). ] is the only other team to accomplish that (2007–08, 2008–09).
Some residents of the town of ] have expressed interest in being ] by the state of Nevada so the town may merged with ]. There has also been interest by ] in being annex. These deals will require the permissions of the Nevada and ]/] legislatures, respectively, as well as the approval of the U.S. Congress.


The state's involvement in major-college sports is not limited to its local schools. In the 21st century, the Las Vegas area has become a significant regional center for college basketball conference tournaments. The MW, ], and ] all hold their men's and women's tournaments in the area, and the Pac-12 holds its men's tournament there as well. The ], after decades of holding its men's and women's conference tournaments at campus sites, began holding both tournaments in Reno in 2016.
In 2008, the "American State Litter Scorecard," presented at the ] national conference, positioned Nevada next to Mississippi and Louisiana as one of the worst states for removing litter from public roadways and properties.<ref> S. Spacek, The American State Litter Scorecard" March 2008</ref>


Las Vegas has hosted several ] matches, most recently at the ] with bouts such as ], ], ] and ] and at the newer ] with ].
Recently, an economic downturn due to the housing market collapse in Las Vegas (which has one of the highest home foreclosure rates in the nation), coupled with many months of declining gaming revenue and higher prices for gasoline and consumer goods has caused a 1.2 billion dollar shortfall in the state budget (which is required by the constitution to be balanced), and has caused Nevada to dip into its rainy day fund of $267 million. In August 2008, it was announced that Boyd Gaming would halt construction on a 4.2 billion dollar project called Echelon, which was to replace the old Stardust Hotel & Casino. The reason cited for this is lack of funding/credit from banks.


Along with significant rises in popularity in ] (MMA), a number of fight leagues such as the ] have taken interest in Las Vegas as a primary event location due to the number of suitable host venues. The ] and ] are among some of the more popular venues for fighting events such as MMA and have hosted several UFC and other MMA title fights. The city has held the most UFC events with 86 events.
=== State symbols ===
] areas of Nevada]]


The state is also home to the ], which hosts ]'s ] and ]. Two venues in the immediate Las Vegas area host major annual events in ]. The ], built for UNLV men's basketball, hosts the ]. The PBR World Finals, operated by the bull riding-only ], was also held at the Thomas & Mack Center before moving to T-Mobile Arena in 2016.
*]: ]
*State artifact: Tule Duck ]
*]: ]
*State colors: ] and ]
*]: ]
*]: ] ('']'')
*]: ]
*]: ]
*State march: "Silver State Fanfare" by Gerald Willis
*State metal: ] (Ag)
*]: "Battle Born"
*]: Virgin Valley black fire ]
*]: Nevada ]
*]: "]" by Bertha Raffetto
*]: ]
*]: ]
*]: ] series
*State tartan: A particular ] designed for Nevada by Richard Zygmunt Pawlowski
*]s: ] pine and ] (''Pinus longaeva'')


The state is also home to famous tennis player, ], and current baseball superstar ].
== See also ==
<!-- {{portal|Nevada|Flag of Nevada.svg}} -->
*]
{{clear}}
<!-- Please place links to all topics directly related to the State of Nevada in the ] -->


== References == ====List of teams====
=====Major professional teams=====
{{reflist|2}}


{|class="wikitable" style="font-size: 90%;" |
== External links ==
|- style="text-align:center;"
{{wikisource|Constitution of Nevada}}
!Team
{{sisterlinks}}
!Sport
*
!League
*
!Venue (capacity)
* - Annotated list of searchable databases produced by Nevada state agencies and compiled by the Government Documents Roundtable of the American Library Association.
!Established
*
!Titles
*
|- style="text-align:center;"
*
!]
*
|Baseball
*
|]
*
|] (33,000)
*
|style="text-align:center;"|2025 or 2028
* Full color maps. List of cities, towns and county seats
|style=text-align:center;"|9{{efn|Five titles were won when the team was based in ] and four were won during the team's time in ].}}
*
|- style="text-align:center;"
*
!]
*
|Football
*
|]
*{{dmoz|Regional/North_America/United_States/Nevada}}
|] (65,000)
|style="text-align:center;"|2020
|style=text-align:center;"|3{{efn|Two titles were won when the team was based in ] and one was won when they were based in ].}}
|- style="text-align:center;"
!]
|Ice hockey
|]
|] (17,500)
|style="text-align:center;"|2017
|style="text-align:center;"|1
|- style="text-align:center;"
!]
|Women's basketball
|]
|] (12,000)
|style="text-align:center;"|2018
|style="text-align:center;"|2
|}


=====Minor professional teams=====
== Related information ==<!--navbox heading-->
{{Nevada|expand}}
{{United States}}
{{succession
| preceded = ]
| office = ]
| years = Admitted on October 31, 1864 (36th)
| succeeded = ]
}}


{|class="wikitable" style="font-size: 90%;" |
{{coord|display=title|39|N|117|W|region:US-NV_type:adm1st_scale:3000000}}
|- style="text-align:center;"
!Team
!Sport
!League
!Venue (capacity)
!Established
!Titles
|- style="text-align:center;"
!]
| rowspan="2" |Baseball
| rowspan="2" |] (]–])
|] (10,000)
| style="text-align:center;"|1983
| style="text-align:center;"|2
|- style="text-align:center;"
!]
|] (9,013)
|style="text-align:center;"|2009
|style="text-align:center;"|2
|- style="text-align:center;"
!]
| rowspan=3 |Basketball
|]
|] (5,567)
| rowspan=3 style="text-align:center;"|2020
| style="text-align:center;"|0
|- style="text-align:center;"
! Las Vegas Royals
|]
|
| style="text-align:center;"|0
|- style="text-align:center;"
! Vegas Ballers
|]
|Tarkanian Basketball Center (N/A)
| style="text-align:center;"|0
|- style="text-align:center;"
!]
|Ice hockey
|]
|] (5,567)
|style="text-align:center;"|2020
| style="text-align:center;"|0
|- style="text-align:center;"
!]
| rowspan="1" |Soccer
| rowspan="1" |]
|] (9,334)
|style="text-align:center;"|2018
|style="text-align:center;"|0
|- style="text-align:center;"
!Nevada Storm
| rowspan="2" |Women's football
| rowspan="2" |]
|] (N/A)<br />] (N/A)<br />] (N/A)
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;"|2008
| style="text-align:center;"|0
|- style="text-align:center;"
!Sin City Trojans
|] (N/A)
|style="text-align:center;"|0
|- style="text-align:center;"
!]
|Indoor football
|]
|] (6,019)
|style="text-align:center;" rowspan=2 |2021
|style="text-align:center;"|0
|- style="text-align:center;"
!]
|Box lacrosse
|]
|] (12,000)
|style="text-align:center;"|0
|}

=====Amateur teams=====

{|class="wikitable" style="font-size: 90%;" |
|- style="text-align:center;"
!Team
!Sport
!League
!Venue (capacity)
!Established
!Titles
|- style="text-align:center;"
!Reno Ice Raiders
|rowspan=3|Ice hockey
|rowspan=2|]
|Reno Ice
| style="text-align:center;"|2015
| style="text-align:center;"|0
|- style="text-align:center;"
!Vegas Jesters
|rowspan=2|] (600)
| style="text-align:center;"|2012
| style="text-align:center;"|0
|- style="text-align:center;"
!]
|]
| style="text-align:center;"|2019
| style="text-align:center;"|0
|- style="text-align:center;"
!]
|rowspan=2|Soccer
|]
|Peter Johann Memorial Field (2,500)
|style="text-align:center;"|2021
|style="text-align:center;"|0
|- style="text-align:center;"
!Nevada Coyotes FC
|]
|Rio Vista Sports Complex (N/A)
|style="text-align:center;"|2016
|style="text-align:center;"|0
|}

=====College teams=====

{|class="wikitable" style="font-size: 90%;" |
|- style="text-align:center;"
!School
!Team
!League
!Division
!Conference
|- style="text-align:center;"
|] (UNLV)
!]
| rowspan="2" |]
| rowspan="2" |]
| rowspan="2" |]
|- style="text-align:center;"
|] (UNR)
!]
|- style="text-align:center;"
|] (CSN)
!]
| rowspan="2" |]
| rowspan="2" |]
| rowspan="2" |]
|- style="text-align:center;"
|] (WNC)
!WNC Wildcats
|}

==Military==
] in southern Nevada, showing ] and ]]]
Several ] ships have been named ] in honor of the state. They include:
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]

] is near ], a dry salt lake bed. The much smaller ] is in ]; ] in ]; the ] near ]; and ] in the northeast part of the ]. ] in ]; NSAWC, (pronounced "EN-SOCK") in western Nevada. NSAWC consolidated three Command Centers into a single Command Structure under a flag officer on July 11, 1996. The Naval Strike Warfare Center based at NAS Fallon since 1984, was joined with the Navy Fighter Weapons School (]) and the ], which both moved from NAS Miramar as a result of a Base Realignment and Closure decision in 1993 which transferred that installation back to the Marine Corps as MCAS Miramar. The Seahawk Weapon School was added in 1998 to provide tactical training for Navy helicopters.

These bases host a number of activities including the ], the ], ], ], the ], the ], the ], and the ].

==See also==
{{Portal|Nevada|United States}}
* ]
* ]{{snd}}organized list of topics about Nevada
* ]

==Notes==

{{Notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==

{{Sister project links|voy=Nevada}}
* {{cite web | url = http://nv.gov/ | title = Nevada | type = official state website }}
* {{cite web | url = https://www.loc.gov/rr/program/bib/states/nevada/ | title = Nevada State Guide | publisher = Library of Congress}}
* {{Cite web | url = http://wikis.ala.org/godort/index.php/Nevada | title = Nevada State Databases | publisher = ALA | access-date = May 11, 2008 | url-status = dead | archive-date = January 6, 2014 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140106124251/http://wikis.ala.org/godort/index.php/Nevada }} Annotated list of searchable databases produced by Nevada state agencies and compiled by the Government Documents Roundtable of the American Library Association.
*
*
*
*
*
*
* Full color maps. List of cities, towns and county seats
*
*
*
*
* {{osmrelation-inline|165473}}
*
*

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{{United States political divisions}}
{{Nevada Sports}}
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Latest revision as of 03:24, 22 January 2025

U.S. state This article is about the U.S. state. For other uses, see Nevada (disambiguation). "Silver State" redirects here. For other uses, see Silver State (disambiguation).

State in the United States
Nevada
State
Flag of NevadaFlagOfficial seal of NevadaSeal
Nickname(s): The Silver State (official);
The Sagebrush State; The Battle Born State
Motto: All for Our Country
Anthem: "Home Means Nevada"
Location of Nevada within the United StatesLocation of Nevada within the United States
CountryUnited States
Before statehoodNevada Territory, Utah Territory, Arizona Territory
Admitted to the UnionOctober 31, 1864 (36th)
CapitalCarson City
Largest cityLas Vegas
Largest county or equivalentClark
Largest metro and urban areasLas Vegas Valley
Government
 • GovernorJoe Lombardo (R)
 • Lieutenant governorStavros Anthony (R)
LegislatureNevada Legislature
 • Upper houseSenate
 • Lower houseAssembly
JudiciarySupreme Court of Nevada
U.S. senatorsCatherine Cortez Masto (D)
Jacky Rosen (D)
U.S. House delegation3 Democrats
1 Republican (list)
Area
 • Total110,577 sq mi (286,382 km)
 • Land109,781.18 sq mi (284,332 km)
 • Water791 sq mi (2,048 km)  0.72%
 • Rank7th
Dimensions
 • Length492 mi (787 km)
 • Width322 mi (519 km)
Elevation5,500 ft (1,680 m)
Highest elevation13,147 ft (4,007.1 m)
Lowest elevation481 ft (147 m)
Population
 • TotalNeutral increase 3,267,467
 • Rank31st
 • Density26.8/sq mi (10.3/km)
  • Rank42nd
 • Median household income$76,400 (2023)
 • Income rank24th
DemonymNevadan
Language
 • Official languageNone
Time zones
most of stateUTC−08:00 (Pacific)
 • Summer (DST)UTC−07:00 (PDT)
West WendoverUTC−07:00 (Mountain)
 • Summer (DST)UTC−06:00 (MDT)
USPS abbreviationNV
ISO 3166 codeUS-NV
Traditional abbreviationNev.
Latitude35° N to 42° N
Longitude114° 2′ W to 120° W
Websitenv.gov
State symbols of Nevada
List of state symbols
SongHome Means Nevada
Living insignia
BirdMountain bluebird (Sialia currucoides)
FishLahontan cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii henshawi)
FlowerSagebrush (Artemisia tridentata)
GrassIndian Rice Grass
InsectVivid Dancer Damselfly (Argia vivida)
MammalDesert bighorn sheep
ReptileDesert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii)
TreeBristlecone pine, Single-leaf Piñon (Pinus monophylla)
Inanimate insignia
Color(s)Silver, Blue
FossilIchthyosaur (Shonisaurus popularis)
GemstoneVirgin Valley Black Fire Opal
MineralSilver
RockSandstone
SoilOrovada series
OtherElement: Neon
State route marker
Route marker
State quarter
Nevada quarter dollar coinReleased in 2006
Lists of United States state symbols

Nevada (/nəˈvædə, -vɑː-/ nə-VAD-ə, -⁠VAH-, Spanish: [neˈβaða]) is a landlocked state in the Western region of the United States. It borders Oregon to the northwest, Idaho to the northeast, California to the west, Arizona to the southeast, and Utah to the east. Nevada is the seventh-most extensive, the 32nd-most populous, and the ninth-least densely populated U.S. state. Nearly three-quarters of Nevada's population live in Clark County, which contains the Las Vegas–Paradise metropolitan area, including three of the state's four largest incorporated cities. Nevada's capital is Carson City. Las Vegas is the largest city in the state.

Nevada is officially known as the "Silver State" because of the importance of silver to its history and economy. It is also known as the "Battle Born State" because it achieved statehood during the Civil War (the words "Battle Born" also appear on its state flag); due to the presidency of Abraham Lincoln, the Union benefited immensely from the support of newly awarded statehood by the infusion of the monetary support of nearly $400 million in silver ore generated at the time by the Comstock Lode. It is also known as the "Sagebrush State", for the native plant of the same name; and as the "Sage-hen State". The state's name means "snowy" in Spanish, referring to Nevada's small overlap with the Sierra Nevada mountain range; however, the rest of Nevada is largely desert and semi-arid, much of it within the Great Basin. Areas south of the Great Basin are within the Mojave Desert, while Lake Tahoe and the Sierra Nevada lie on the western edge. In 2020, 80.1% of the state's land was managed by various jurisdictions of the U.S. federal government, both civilian and military.

Native Americans of the Paiute, Shoshone, and Washoe tribes inhabit what is now Nevada. The first Europeans to explore the region were Spanish. They called the region Nevada (snowy) because of the snow which covered the mountains in winter, similar to the Sierra Nevada in Spain. The area formed from mostly Alta California and part of Nuevo México's territory within the Viceroyalty of New Spain, which gained independence as Mexico in 1821. The United States annexed the area in 1848 after its victory in the Mexican–American War, and it was incorporated as part of the New Mexico and Utah Territory in 1850. The discovery of silver at the Comstock Lode in 1859 led to a population boom that became an impetus to the creation of Nevada Territory out of western Utah Territory in 1861. Nevada became the 36th state on October 31, 1864, as the second of two states added to the Union during the Civil War (the first being West Virginia).

Nevada is known for its libertarian laws. In 1940, with a population of just over 110,000 people, Nevada was by far the least-populated state, with less than half the population of the next least-populous state, Wyoming. However, legalized gambling and lenient marriage and divorce laws transformed Nevada into a major tourist destination in the 20th century. Nevada is the only U.S. state where prostitution is legal, though it is illegal in its most populated regions – Clark County (Las Vegas), Washoe County (Reno) and Carson City (which, as an independent city, is not within the boundaries of any county). The tourism industry remains Nevada's largest employer, with mining continuing as a substantial sector of the economy: Nevada is the fourth-largest producer of gold in the world. Nevada is the driest state, and over time, and influenced by climate change, droughts in Nevada have been increasing in frequency and severity, putting a further strain on Nevada's water security.

Etymology

The name "Nevada" comes from the Spanish adjective nevada ([neˈβaða]), meaning "snow-covered" or "snowy". The state takes its name from the Nevada Territory, which in turn was named for the Sierra Nevada.

Nevadans pronounce the second syllable with the "a" of "apple" (/nəˈvædə/) while some people from outside of the state pronounce it with the "a" of "palm" (/nəˈvɑːdə/). Although the quality, but not the length, of the latter pronunciation is closer to the Spanish pronunciation (Spanish /a/ is open central , whereas American English /ɑː/ varies from back to central ), it is not the pronunciation used by Nevadans. State Assemblyman Harry Mortenson proposed a bill to recognize the alternative pronunciation of Nevada, though the bill was not supported by most legislators and never received a vote. The Nevadan pronunciation is the one used by the state legislature. At one time, the state's official tourism organization, TravelNevada, stylized the name of the state as "Nevăda", with a breve over the a indicating the locally preferred pronunciation, which was also available as a license plate design until 2007.

History

Main article: History of NevadaFurther information: History of Las Vegas

Indigenous history

Before the arrival of Europeans, the earliest inhabitants were Indigenous tribes including the Goshute, Southern Paiute, Mohave, and Wašišiw (Washoe people).

Before 1861

Main articles: The Californias § History, and Alta California Further information: Treaty of Córdoba, Declaration of Independence of the Mexican Empire, First Mexican Empire, Provisional Government of Mexico, First Mexican Republic, Centralist Republic of Mexico, Siete Leyes, and Definitive treaty of peace and friendship between Mexico and Spain
Mexico in 1824. Alta California included today's Nevada.

Francisco Garcés was the first European in the area. Nevada was annexed as a part of the Spanish Empire in the northwestern territory of New Spain. Administratively, the area of Nevada was part of the Commandancy General of the Provincias Internas in the Viceroyalty of New Spain. Nevada became a part of Alta California (Upper California) province in 1804 when the Californias were split. With the Mexican War of Independence won in 1821, the province of Alta California became a territory (state) of Mexico, with a small population.

Jedediah Smith entered the Las Vegas Valley in 1827, Peter Skene Ogden traveled the Humboldt River in 1828, and in 1829 a merchant from Nuevo México named Antonio Armijo streamlined travel along the Old Spanish Trail. Chronicling Armijo's route his scout Raphael Rivera was the first to name Las Vegas, in an 1830 report to governor José Antonio Chaves. Following the suggestions by Rivera of a spring, on the published expedition's map, located in the Las Vegas area John C. Frémont set up camp in Las Vegas Springs in 1844. In 1847, Mormons established the State of Deseret, claiming all of Nevada within the Great Basin and the Colorado watershed. They built the first permanent settlement in what is now Nevada, called Mormon Station (now Genoa), in 1851. Additionally, in June 1855, William Bringhurst and 29 other Mormon missionaries built the first permanent structure, a 150-foot square adobe fort, northeast of downtown Las Vegas, converging on the Spanish and Mormon Roads. The fort remained under Salt Lake City's control until the winter of 1858–1859, and the route remained largely under the control of Salt Lake City and Santa Fe tradespersons.

As such, these pioneers laid the foundation for the emergence of the initial settlements between the Sierra Nevadas and Mojave Desert and within the Las Vegas Valley. The enduring influence of New Mexico and Utah culture has since profoundly impacted Nevada's identity, manifesting through New Mexican cuisine and Mormon foodways or New Mexican and Mormon folk musics, into the fabric of Nevada's own cultural landscape.

As a result of the Mexican–American War and the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, Mexico permanently lost Alta California in 1848. The new areas acquired by the United States continued to be administered as territories. As part of the Mexican Cession (1848) and the subsequent California Gold Rush that used Emigrant Trails through the area, the state's area evolved first as part of the Utah Territory and New Mexico Territory, then the Nevada Territory (March 2, 1861; named for the Sierra Nevada).

Sculpture representing a steam locomotive, in Ely, Nevada. Early locomotives played an important part in Nevada's mining industry.

The first discovery of a major U.S. deposit of silver ore occurred in Comstock Lode under Virginia City, Nevada, in 1859.

Separation from Utah Territory

Main articles: Utah Territory, Organic act § List of organic acts, Nevada Territory, and Nevada in the American Civil War
Nevada territory in 1861

On March 2, 1861, the Nevada Territory separated from the Utah Territory and adopted its current name, shortened from The Sierra Nevada (Spanish for "snow-covered mountain range"). The 1861 southern boundary is commemorated by Nevada Historical Markers 57 and 58 in Lincoln and Nye counties.

Statehood (1864)

Main articles: Admission to the Union, List of U.S. states by date of admission to the Union, Nevada in the American Civil War, and Constitution of Nevada
Map of the States of California and Nevada by SB Linton, 1876

Eight days before the presidential election of 1864, Nevada became the 36th state in the Union, despite lacking the minimum 60,000 residents that Congress typically required a potential state to have in order to become a state. At the time, Nevada's population was little more than 40,000. Governor Nye was frustrated that previous attempts to send the constitution via overland mail and by sea had failed by October 24, so on October 26 the full text was sent by telegraph at a cost of $4,303.27 – the most costly telegraph on file at the time for a single dispatch, equivalent to $83,831.36 in 2023. Finally, the response from Washington came on October 31, 1864: "the pain is over, the child is born, Nevada this day was admitted into the Union". Statehood was rushed to the date of October 31 to help ensure Abraham Lincoln's reelection on November 8 and post-Civil War Republican dominance in Congress, as Nevada's mining-based economy tied it to the more industrialized Union. As it turned out, however, Lincoln and the Republicans won the election handily and did not need Nevada's help.

Nevada is one of only two states to significantly expand its borders after admission to the Union, with the other being Missouri, which acquired additional territory in 1837 due to the Platte Purchase. In 1866 another part of the western Utah Territory was added to Nevada in the eastern part of the state, setting the current eastern boundary. Nevada achieved its current southern boundaries on January 18, 1867, when it absorbed the portion of Pah-Ute County in the Arizona Territory west of the Colorado River, essentially all of present-day Nevada south of the 37th parallel. The transfer was prompted by the discovery of gold in the area, and officials thought Nevada would be better able to oversee the expected population boom. This area includes all of what is now Clark County and the southern-most portions of Esmeralda, Lincoln, and Nye counties.

Bottle house in the mining ghost town of Rhyolite; built in 1906 with about 50,000 bottles

Mining shaped Nevada's economy for many years (see Silver mining in Nevada). When Mark Twain lived in Nevada during the period described in Roughing It, mining had led to an industry of speculation and immense wealth. Both mining and population temporarily declined in the late 19th century. However, the rich silver strike at Tonopah in 1900, followed by strikes in Goldfield and Rhyolite, created a second mining boom in Nevada and Nevada's population.

Gambling and labor

Unregulated gambling was commonplace in the early Nevada mining towns but was outlawed in 1909 as part of a nationwide anti-gambling crusade. Because of subsequent declines in mining output and the decline of the agricultural sector during the Great Depression, Nevada again legalized gambling on March 19, 1931, with approval from the legislature. Governor Fred B. Balzar's signature enacted the most liberal divorce laws in the country and open gambling. The reforms came just eight days after the federal government presented the $49 million construction contract for Boulder Dam (now Hoover Dam).

Nuclear testing

The Nevada Test Site, 65 miles (105 km) northwest of the city of Las Vegas, was founded on January 11, 1951, for the testing of nuclear weapons. The site consists of about 1,350 square miles (3,500 km) of the desert and mountainous terrain. Nuclear testing at the Nevada Test Site began with a 1 kiloton of TNT (4.2 TJ) nuclear bomb dropped on Frenchman Flat on January 27, 1951. The last atmospheric test was conducted on July 17, 1962, and the underground testing of weapons continued until September 23, 1992. The location is known for having the highest concentration of nuclear-detonated weapons in the U.S.

Over 80% of the state's area is owned by the federal government. This is mainly because homesteads were not permitted in large enough sizes to be viable in the arid conditions that prevail throughout desert Nevada. Instead, early settlers would homestead land surrounding a water source, and then graze livestock on the adjacent public land, which is useless for agriculture without access to water (this pattern of ranching still prevails).

2020s

The COVID-19 pandemic was confirmed in Nevada on March 5, 2020. Because of concerns about coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Nevada governor Steve Sisolak declared a state of emergency on March 12, 2020. Four days later, Nevada reported its first death. On March 17, 2020, Sisolak ordered the closure of non-essential businesses in the state to help prevent the spread of the coronavirus.

Various protests were held against Sisolak's shutdown order beginning in April 2020. Nevada launched the first phase of its reopening on May 9, 2020. Restaurants, retailers, outdoor malls, and hair salons were among the businesses allowed to reopen, but with precautions in place, such as limiting occupancy to 50 percent. A second phase went into effect on May 29, 2020. It allowed for the reopening of state parks and businesses such as bars, gyms, and movie theaters. Casinos began reopening on June 4, 2020.

Geography

See also: Geography of Nevada
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Mountains west of Las Vegas in the Mojave Desert
A landscape shot of a long, dry valley. The sky is partially clouded over but blue sky breaks through in patches. It is a showcase of Nevada's natural beauty.
A valley near Pyramid Lake
Topographic map of Nevada

Nevada is almost entirely within the Basin and Range Province and is broken up by many north–south mountain ranges. Most of these ranges have endorheic valleys between them.

Much of the northern part of the state is within the Great Basin, a mild desert that experiences hot temperatures in the summer and cold temperatures in the winter. Occasionally, moisture from the Arizona Monsoon will cause summer thunderstorms; Pacific storms may blanket the area with snow. The state's highest recorded temperature was 125 °F (52 °C) in Laughlin (elevation of 605 feet or 184 meters) on June 29, 1994. The coldest recorded temperature was −52 °F (−47 °C) set in San Jacinto in 1972, in the northeastern portion of the state.

The Humboldt River crosses the state from east to west across the northern part of the state, draining into the Humboldt Sink near Lovelock. Several rivers drain from the Sierra Nevada eastward, including the Walker, Truckee, and Carson rivers. All of these rivers are endorheic basins, ending in Walker Lake, Pyramid Lake, and the Carson Sink, respectively. However, not all of Nevada is within the Great Basin. Tributaries of the Snake River drain the far north, while the Colorado River, which also forms much of the boundary with Arizona, drains much of southern Nevada.

The mountain ranges, some of which have peaks above 13,000 feet (4,000 m), harbor lush forests high above desert plains, creating sky islands for endemic species. The valleys are often no lower in elevation than 3,000 feet (910 m), while some in central Nevada are above 6,000 feet (1,800 m).

Little Finland rock formation in Nevada

The southern third of the state, where the Las Vegas area is situated, is within the Mojave Desert. The area receives less rain in the winter but is closer to the Arizona Monsoon in the summer. The terrain is also lower, mostly below 4,000 feet (1,200 m), creating conditions for hot summer days and cool to chilly winter nights.

Nevada and California have by far the longest diagonal line (in respect to the cardinal directions) as a state boundary at just over 400 miles (640 km). This line begins in Lake Tahoe nearly 4 miles (6.4 km) offshore (in the direction of the boundary), and continues to the Colorado River where the Nevada, California, and Arizona boundaries merge 12 miles (19 km) southwest of the Laughlin Bridge.

The largest mountain range in the southern portion of the state is the Spring Mountain Range, just west of Las Vegas. The state's lowest point is along the Colorado River, south of Laughlin.

Nevada has 172 mountain summits with 2,000 feet (610 m) of prominence. Nevada ranks second, after Alaska, for the greatest number of mountains in the United States, followed by California, Montana, and Washington.

Climate

Further information: Climate change in Nevada
Köppen climate types of Nevada, using 1991–2020 climate normals.

Nevada is the driest state in the United States. It is made up of mostly desert and semi-arid climate regions, and, with the exception of the Las Vegas Valley, the average summer diurnal temperature range approaches 40 °F (22 °C) in much of the state. While winters in northern Nevada are long and fairly cold, the winter season in the southern part of the state tends to be of short duration and mild. Most parts of Nevada receive scarce precipitation during the year. The most rain that falls in the state falls on the east and northeast slopes of the Sierra Nevada.

The average annual rainfall per year is about 7 inches (180 mm); the wettest parts get around 40 inches (1,000 mm). Nevada's highest recorded temperature is 125 °F (52 °C) at Laughlin on June 29, 1994, and the lowest recorded temperature is −50 °F (−46 °C) at San Jacinto on January 8, 1937. Nevada's 125 °F (52 °C) reading is the third highest statewide record high temperature of a U.S. state, just behind Arizona's 128 °F (53 °C) reading and California's 134 °F (57 °C) reading.

Average daily maximum and minimum temperatures for selected cities in Nevada
Location July (°F) July (°C) December (°F) December (°C)
Max Min Max Min Max Min Max Min
Las Vegas 106 81 41 27 56 38 13 3
Reno 92 57 33 14 45 25 7 –4
Carson City 89 52 32 11 45 22 7 –5
Elko 90 50 32 10 37 14 2 –9
Fallon 92 54 33 12 45 19 7 –7
Winnemucca 93 52 34 11 41 17 5 –8
Laughlin 112 80 44 27 65 43 18 6

Flora and fauna

Main article: Fauna of Nevada

The vegetation of Nevada is diverse and differs by state area. Nevada contains six biotic zones: alpine, sub-alpine, ponderosa pine, pinion-juniper, sagebrush and creosotebush.

Counties

Further information: List of counties in Nevada
The Las Vegas Strip looking South
Carson City Mint in Carson City. Carson City is an independent city and the capital of Nevada.

Nevada is divided into political jurisdictions designated as counties. Carson City is officially a consolidated municipality, meaning it legally functions as both a city and a county. As of 1919, there were 17 counties in the state, ranging from 146 to 18,159 square miles (380 to 47,030 km).

Lake County, one of the original nine counties formed in 1861, was renamed Roop County in 1862. Part of the county became Lassen County, California, in 1864, resolving border uncertainty. In 1883, Washoe County annexed the portion that remained in Nevada.

In 1969, Ormsby County was dissolved and the Consolidated Municipality of Carson City was created by the Legislature in its place coterminous with the old boundaries of Ormsby County.

Bullfrog County was formed in 1987 from part of Nye County. After the creation was declared unconstitutional, the county was abolished in 1989.

Humboldt County was designated as a county in 1856 by Utah Territorial Legislature and again in 1861 by the new Nevada Legislature.

Clark County is the most populous county in Nevada, accounting for nearly three-quarters of its residents. Las Vegas, Nevada's most populous city, has been the county seat since the county was created in 1909 from a portion of Lincoln County, Nevada. Before that, it was a part of Arizona Territory. Clark County attracts numerous tourists: An estimated 44 million people visited Clark County in 2014.

Washoe County is the second-most populous county of Nevada. Its county seat is Reno. Washoe County includes the Reno–Sparks metropolitan area.

Lyon County is the third most populous county. It was one of the nine original counties created in 1861. It was named after Nathaniel Lyon, the first Union General to be killed in the Civil War. Its current county seat is Yerington. Its first county seat was established at Dayton on November 29, 1861.

Nevada counties
County name County seat Year founded 2022 population Percent of total Area Percent of total Population density
sq mi km per sq mi per km
Carson City Carson City 1861 58,130 1.83 % 157 410 0.14 % 370.25 142.95
Churchill Fallon 1861 25,843 0.81 % 5,024 13,010 4.54 % 5.14 1.98
Clark Las Vegas 1908 2,322,985 73.10 % 8,061 20,880 7.29 % 288.18 111.27
Douglas Minden 1861 49,628 1.56 % 738 1,910 0.67 % 67.25 25.97
Elko Elko 1869 54,046 1.70 % 17,203 44,560 15.56 % 3.14 1.21
Esmeralda Goldfield 1861 744 0.02 % 3,589 9,300 3.25 % 0.21 0.081
Eureka Eureka 1869 1,863 0.06 % 4,180 10,800 3.78 % 0.45 0.17
Humboldt Winnemucca 1856/1861 17,272 0.54 % 9,658 25,010 8.73 % 1.79 0.69
Lander Battle Mountain 1861 5,766 0.18 % 5,519 14,290 4.99 % 1.04 0.40
Lincoln Pioche 1867 4,482 0.14 % 10,637 27,550 9.62 % 0.42 0.16
Lyon Yerington 1861 61,585 1.94 % 2,024 5,240 1.83 % 30.43 11.75
Mineral Hawthorne 1911 4,525 0.14 % 3,813 9,880 3.45 % 1.19 0.46
Nye Tonopah 1864 54,738 1.72 % 18,199 47,140 16.46 % 3.01 1.16
Pershing Lovelock 1919 6,462 0.20 % 6,067 15,710 5.49 % 1.07 0.41
Storey Virginia City 1861 4,170 0.13 % 264 680 0.24 % 15.80 6.10
Washoe Reno 1861 496,745 15.63 % 6,542 16,940 5.92 % 75.93 29.32
White Pine Ely 1869 8,788 0.28 % 8,897 23,040 8.05 % 0.99 0.38
Totals Counties: 17 3,177,772 110,572 286,380 28.74 11.10

Settlements

   Largest cities or towns in Nevada
Source:
Rank Name County Pop.
Las Vegas
Las Vegas
Henderson
Henderson 		1 Las Vegas Clark 641,903 Reno
Reno
North Las Vegas
North Las Vegas
2 Henderson Clark 317,610
3 Reno Washoe 264,165
4 North Las Vegas Clark 262,527
5 Enterprise Clark 221,831
6 Spring Valley Clark 215,597
7 Sunrise Manor Clark 205,618
8 Paradise Clark 191,238
9 Sparks Washoe 108,445
10 Carson City Carson City 58,639

Parks and recreation areas

Red Rock Canyon National Conservation Area, Calico basin
Great Basin National Park
The quartzite of Doso Doyabi in Great Basin National Park
Valley of Fire State Park
Mount Charleston

Recreation areas maintained by the federal government

Northern Nevada

Southern Nevada

Wilderness

Further information: List of wilderness areas in Nevada

There are 68 designated wilderness areas in Nevada, protecting some 6,579,014 acres (2,662,433 ha) under the jurisdiction of the National Park Service, U.S. Forest Service, and Bureau of Land Management.

State parks

Further information: List of Nevada state parks

The Nevada state parks comprise protected areas managed by the state of Nevada, including state parks, state historic sites, and state recreation areas. There are 24 state park units, including Van Sickle Bi-State Park which opened in July 2011 and is operated in partnership with the adjacent state of California.

Demographics

Population

See also: Hispanics and Latinos in Nevada and Basque Americans in Nevada
Population density map of Nevada
Historical population
CensusPop.Note%±
18606,857—
187042,941526.2%
188062,26645.0%
189047,355−23.9%
190042,335−10.6%
191081,87593.4%
192077,407−5.5%
193091,05817.6%
1940110,24721.1%
1950160,08345.2%
1960285,27878.2%
1970488,73871.3%
1980800,49363.8%
19901,201,83350.1%
20001,998,25766.3%
20102,700,55135.1%
20203,104,61415.0%
2024 (est.)3,267,4675.2%
Source: 1910–2020
Ethnic origins in Nevada

The United States Census Bureau determined Nevada had a population of 3,104,614 at the 2020 U.S. census. In 2022, the estimated population of Nevada was 3,177,772, an increase of 73,158 residents (2.36%) since the 2020 census. Nevada had the highest percentage growth in population from 2017 to 2018. At the 2020 census, 6.0% of the state's population were reported as under 5, 22.5% were under 18, and 16.1% were 65 or older. Females made up about 49.8% of the population. 19.1% of the population was reported as foreign-born.

Since the 2020 census, the population of Nevada had a natural increase of 2,374 (the net difference between 42,076 births and 39,702 deaths); and an increase due to net migration of 36,605 (of which 34,280 was due to domestic and 2,325 was due to international migration).

The center of population of Nevada is in southern Nye County. In this county, the unincorporated town of Pahrump, 60 miles (97 km) west of Las Vegas on the California state line, has grown very rapidly from 1980 to 2020. At the 2020 census, the town had 44,738 residents. Las Vegas grew from a gulch of 100 people in 1900 to 10,000 by 1950 to 100,000 by 1970, and was America's fastest-growing city and metropolitan area from 1960 to 2000.

From about the 1940s until 2003, Nevada was the fastest-growing state in the U.S. percentage-wise. Between 1990 and 2000, Nevada's population increased by 66%, while the nation's population increased by 13%. More than two-thirds of the population live in Clark County, which is coextensive with the Las Vegas metropolitan area. Thus, in terms of population, Nevada is one of the most centralized states in the nation.

Henderson and North Las Vegas are among the top 20 fastest-growing U.S. cities with populations over 100,000. The rural community of Mesquite 65 miles (105 km) northeast of Las Vegas was an example of micropolitan growth in the 1990s and 2000s. Other desert towns like Indian Springs and Searchlight on the outskirts of Las Vegas have seen some growth as well.

Since 1950, the rate of population born in Nevada has never peaked above 27 percent, the lowest rate of all states. In 2012, only 25% of Nevadans were born in Nevada.

According to HUD's 2022 Annual Homeless Assessment Report, there were an estimated 7,618 homeless people in Nevada.

Race and ethnicity

Nevada – Racial and Ethnic Composition
(NH = Non-Hispanic)
Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race.
Race / Ethnicity Pop 2000 Pop 2010 Pop 2020 % 2000 % 2010 % 2020
White alone (NH) 1,303,001 1,462,081 1,425,952 65.21% 54.14% 45.93%
Black or African American alone (NH) 131,509 208,058 291,960 6.58% 7.70% 9.40%
Native American or Alaska Native alone (NH) 21,397 23,536 23,392 1.07% 0.87% 0.75%
Asian alone (NH) 88,593 191,047 265,991 4.43% 7.07% 8.57%
Pacific Islander alone (NH) 7,769 15,456 22,970 0.39% 0.57% 0.74%
Some Other Race alone (NH) 2,787 4,740 17,171 0.14% 0.18% 0.55%
Mixed Race/Multi-Racial (NH) 49,231 79,132 166,921 2.46% 2.93% 5.38%
Hispanic or Latino (any race) 393,970 716,501 890,257 19.72% 26.53% 28.68%
Total 1,998,257 2,700,551 3,104,614 100.00% 100.00% 100.00%
Ethnic composition as of the 2020 census
Race and Ethnicity Alone Total
White (non-Hispanic) 45.9% 45.9  50.6% 50.6 
Hispanic or Latino — 28.7% 28.7 
Multiracial — 14.0% 14 
African American (non-Hispanic) 9.4% 9.4  11.1% 11.1 
Asian 8.6% 8.6  10.7% 10.7 
Native American 0.8% 0.8  2.1% 2.1 
Pacific Islander 0.7% 0.7  1.5% 1.5 
Other 0.6% 0.6  1.4% 1.4 

According to the 2022 American Community Survey, 30.3% of Nevada's population were of Hispanic or Latino origin (of any race): Mexican (22%), Cuban (1.5%), Salvadoran (1.5%), Puerto Rican (1%), and other Hispanic or Latino origin (4.3%). The largest European ancestry groups were: German (8.9%), English (8.1%), Irish (7.2%), and Italian (4.8%). The largest Asian ancestry groups in the state were Filipino (6.4%) and Chinese (1.9%).

Map of counties in Nevada by racial plurality, per the 2020 census Legend
  • Non-Hispanic White   30–40%   50–60%   60–70%   70–80%   80–90%

In 1980, non-Hispanic whites made up 83.2% of the state's population.

Nevada historical racial composition
Racial composition 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020
White 91.7% 87.5% 84.3% 75.2% 66.2% 51.2%
Black 5.7% 6.4% 6.6% 6.8% 8.1% 9.8%
Asian 0.7% 1.8% 3.2% 4.5% 7.2% 8.8%
Native 1.6% 1.7% 1.6% 1.3% 1.2% 1.4%
Native Hawaiian and
other Pacific Islander		 – – – 0.4% 0.6% 0.8%
Other race 0.3% 2.7% 4.4% 8.0% 12.0% 14.0%
Two or more races – – – 3.8% 4.7% 14.0%
Hispanic or Latino (of any race) 5.6% 6.7% 10.4% 19.7% 26.5% 28.7%
Non-Hispanic white 86.7% 83.2% 78.7% 65.2% 54.1% 45.9%

As of 2011, 63.6% of Nevada's population younger than age 1 were minorities. Las Vegas is a majority-minority city. According to the United States Census Bureau estimates, as of July 1, 2018, non-Hispanic Whites made up 48.7% of Nevada's population.

In Douglas, Mineral, and Pershing counties, a plurality of residents are of Mexican ancestry. In Nye County and Humboldt County, residents are mostly of German ancestry; Washoe County has many Irish Americans. Americans of English descent form pluralities in Lincoln County, Churchill County, Lyon County, White Pine County, and Eureka County.

Asian Americans have lived in the state since at least the 1850s, when the California gold rush brought thousands of Chinese miners to Washoe County. They were followed by a few hundred Japanese farmworkers in the late 19th century. By the late 20th century, many immigrants from China, Japan, Korea, the Philippines, Bangladesh, India, and Vietnam came to the Las Vegas metropolitan area. The city now has a significant Asian American community, with a mostly Chinese and Taiwanese area known as "Chinatown" west of I-15 on Spring Mountain Road. Filipino Americans form the largest Asian American group in the state, with a population of more than 202,000. They comprise 59.8% of the Asian American population in Nevada and constitute about 6.4% of the entire state's population.

Mining booms drew many Greek and Eastern European immigrants to Nevada. In the early twentieth century, Greeks, Slavs, Danes, Japanese, Italians, and Basques poured into Nevada. Chileans were found in the state as early as 1870. During the mid-1800s, a significant number of European immigrants, mainly from Ireland, England and Germany, arrived in the state with the intention of capitalizing on the thriving mining sector in the region.

Native American tribes in Nevada are the Northern and Southern Paiute, Western Shoshone, Goshute, Hualapai, Washoe, and Ute tribes.

Whites remain the largest racial or ethnic group in Nevada. Hispanics are the fastest growing ethnic group in Nevada. There is a growing Mexican and Central American population in Nevada. Many of Nevada's Latino immigrants are from Mexico, Guatemala and El Salvador. Nevada also has a growing multiracial population.

The top countries of origin for immigrants in Nevada were Mexico (39.5 percent of immigrants), the Philippines (14.3 percent), El Salvador (5.2 percent), China (3.1 percent), and Cuba (3 percent).

The majority of people in Nevada are of white (European) ancestry. A small portion trace their ancestry to Basque people recruited as sheepherders. Hispanics in Nevada are mainly of Mexican and Cuban heritage. Latinos comprise about one-fourth of Nevada's residents and are concentrated in the southeast in Nevada. African Americans live mainly in the Las Vegas and Reno area and constitute less than one-tenth of the population. Native Americans of the Paiute, Shoshone, and Washoe tribes live on several reservations in the state and make up a small fraction of Nevada's population.

The most common ancestries in Nevada include Mexican, German, Irish, English, Italian and Asian.

Nevada is the third most diverse state in the country, behind only Hawaii and California.

Birth data

Note: Births within the table do not add up, due to Hispanics being counted both by their ethnicity and by their race, giving a higher overall number.

Live Births by Single Race/Ethnicity of Mother
Race 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
White 27,293 (77.9%) 27,638 (77.1%) 27,648 (76.2%) ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Non-Hispanic White 14,951 (42.7%) 15,151 (42.2%) 14,937 (41.2%) 13,918 (38.4%) 13,171 (36.8%) 13,021 (36.5%) 12,479 (35.6%) 11,602 (34.5%) 11,800 (35.0%) 10,961 (33.0%)
Black 4,215 (12.0%) 4,603 (12.8%) 4,803 (13.2%) 4,205 (11.6%) 4,471 (12.5%) 4,564 (12.8%) 4,514 (12.9%) 4,533 (13.5%) 4,457 (13.2%) 4,334 (13.1%)
Asian 3,097 (8.8%) 3,145 (8.8%) 3,337 (9.2%) 2,666 (7.3%) 2,685 (7.5%) 2,613 (7.3%) 2,587 (7.4%) 2,467 (7.3%) 2,372 (7.0%) 2,548 (7.7%)
Pacific Islander ... ... ... 308 (0.8%) 322 (0.9%) 340 (1.0%) 372 (1.1%) 358 (1.1%) 331 (1.0%) 358 (1.1%)
American Indian 425 (1.2%) 475 (1.3%) 510 (1.4%) 303 (0.8%) 305 (0.9%) 280 (0.8%) 277 (0.8%) 234 (0.7%) 239 (0.7%) 218 (0.7%)
Hispanic (of any race) 12,718 (36.3%) 13,006 (36.3%) 13,225 (36.4%) 13,391 (36.9%) 13,176 (36.8%) 13,307 (37.3%) 13,238 (37.7%) 12,763 (37.9%) 12,842 (38.1%) 13,019 (39.2%)
Total Nevada 35,030 (100%) 35,861 (100%) 36,298 (100%) 36,260 (100%) 35,756 (100%) 35,682 (100%) 35,072 (100%) 33,653 (100%) 33,686 (100%) 33,193 (100%)
  • Since 2016, data for births of White Hispanic origin are not collected, but included in one Hispanic group; persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race.
The Winnemucca Sand Dunes, north of Winnemucca
Downtown Reno
East Las Vegas suburbs

A small percentage of Nevada's population lives in rural areas. The culture of these places differs significantly from major metropolitan areas. People in these rural counties tend to be native Nevada residents, unlike in the Las Vegas and Reno areas, where the vast majority of the population was born in another state. The rural population is also less diverse in terms of race and ethnicity. Mining plays an important role in the economies of the rural counties, with tourism being less prominent. Ranching also has a long tradition in rural Nevada.

Locations by per capita income

Ranked by per capita income in 2020
Rank Place Per capita income County
1 Crystal Bay $180,334 Washoe
2 Glenbrook $102,963 Douglas
3 Zephyr Cove $94,920 Douglas
4 Genoa $86,185 Douglas
5 Incline Village $74,294 Washoe
6 Kingsbury $68,215 Douglas
7 Round Hill Village $67,659 Douglas
8 East Valley $67,169 Douglas
9 Summerlin South $65,633 Clark
10 Mount Charleston $57,583 Clark
Further information: Nevada locations by per capita income

Religion

Religious self-identification, per Public Religion Research Institute's 2022 American Values Survey

  Unaffiliated (40%)  Protestantism (25%)  Catholicism (21%)  Mormonism (5%)  New Age (4%)  Jehovah's Witnesses (2%)  Judaism (2%)  Hinduism (1%)

Church attendance in Nevada is among the lowest of all U.S. states. In a 2009 Gallup poll only 30% of Nevadans said they attended church weekly or almost weekly, compared to 42% of all Americans (only four states were found to have a lower attendance rate than Nevada's). In 2020, the Public Religion Research Institute determined 67% of the population were Christian, reflecting a 1% increase in religiosity from 2014's separate Pew study.

Major religious affiliations of the people of Nevada were, according to the Pew Research Center in 2014: Protestant 35%, Irreligious 28%, Roman Catholic 25%, Latter-day Saints 4%, Jewish 2%, Hindu less than 1%, Buddhist 0.5% and Muslim around 0.2%. Parts of Nevada (in the eastern parts of the state) are situated in the Mormon Corridor.

The largest denominations by number of adherents in 2010 were the Roman Catholic Church with 451,070; The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints with 175,149; and the Southern Baptist Convention with 45,535; Buddhist congregations 14,727; Baháʼí Faith 1,723; and Muslim 1,700. The Jewish community is represented by The Rohr Jewish Learning Institute and Chabad. According to the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, 6.2% of Nevadans are adherents, making it the sixth highest percentage state in the Union.

Languages

See also: Native American languages of Nevada

The most common non-English languages spoken in Nevada are Spanish, Tagalog and Chinese. Indigenous languages of Nevada include Northern Paiute, the Southern Paiute, Shoshone, and Washo.

The top seven languages spoken in Nevada according to the U.S. Census data are Spanish, Tagalog, Chinese, Vietnamese, Korean, Amharic, Arabic, and Thai.

Native American tribes

Historically what is now Nevada has been inhabited mainly by the Paiute, the Shoshone and the Washoe.

The largest Native American tribes in Nevada according to the 2010 census are listed in the table below:

Tribal groupings with over 500 members in Nevada in 2010 census
Tribal grouping American Indian and

Alaska Native alone

AIAN in combination with

one or more other races

Total AIAN alone or

in any combination

Total AIAN population 32062 23883 55945
Cherokee 1824 4376 6200
Paiute 4182 677 4859
Navajo 1926 671 2597
Paiute-Shoshone 2118 170 2288
Mexican American Indian 1222 708 1930
Shoshone 1388 400 1788
Choctaw 597 872 1469
Apache 719 690 1409
Sioux 702 626 1328
Blackfeet 284 877 1161
Te-Moak Tribes of Western Shoshone 1011 118 1129
Washoe 815 130 945
Ojibwe 494 338 832
Reno-Sparks Indian Colony 579 13 592
Iroquois 228 283 511
Tribe not specified 9413 10117 19530

Economy

See also: Nevada locations by per capita income
Nevada quarter
MGM Grand, with sign promoting it as The City of Entertainment
Lake Tahoe on the Nevada–California border
Goldstrike (Post-Betze) Mine in the Carlin Trend, the largest Carlin-type deposit in the world, containing more than 35,000,000 troy ounces (1,100 t) gold
Cattle near the Bruneau River in Elko County
Ranching in Washoe County

The economy of Nevada is tied to tourism (especially entertainment and gambling related), mining, and cattle ranching. Nevada's industrial outputs are tourism, entertainment, mining, machinery, printing and publishing, food processing, and electric equipment. The Bureau of Economic Analysis estimates Nevada's total state product in 2018 was $170 billion. The state's per capita personal income in 2020 was $53,635, ranking 31st in the nation. Nevada's state debt in 2012 was calculated to be $7.5 billion, or $3,100 per taxpayer. As of May 2021, the state's unemployment rate was 7.8%.

Further information: Las Vegas Global Economic Alliance

Mining

Main articles: Gold mining in Nevada and Silver mining in Nevada

In portions of the state outside of the Las Vegas and Reno metropolitan areas mining plays a major economic role. By value, gold is by far the most important mineral mined. In 2022, 4,040,000 troy ounces (126 t) of gold worth $7.3 billion were mined in Nevada, and the state accounted for 4% of world gold production. Other minerals mined in Nevada include construction aggregates, copper, gypsum, diatomite and lithium. Despite its rich deposits, the cost of mining in Nevada is generally high, and output is very sensitive to world commodity prices.

Cattle ranching

Cattle ranching is a major economic activity in rural Nevada. Nevada's agricultural outputs are cattle, hay, alfalfa, dairy products, onions, and potatoes. In 2020, there were an estimated 438,511 head of cattle and 71,699 head of sheep in Nevada. Most of these animals forage on rangeland in the summer, with supplemental feed in the winter. Calves are generally shipped to out-of-state feedlots in the fall to be fattened for the market. Over 90% of Nevada's 653,891 acres (264,620 ha) of cropland is used to grow hay, mostly alfalfa, for livestock feed.

Largest employers

The largest employers in the state, as of the first fiscal quarter of 2011, are the following, according to the Nevada Department of Employment, Training and Rehabilitation:

Rank Employer
1 Clark County School District
2 Washoe County School District
3 Clark County
4 Wynn Las Vegas
5 Bellagio LLC
6 MGM Grand Hotel/Casino
7 Aria Resort & Casino LLC
8 Mandalay Bay Resort and Casino
9 Las Vegas Metropolitan Police Department
10 Caesars Palace
11 University of Nevada, Las Vegas
12 The Venetian Casino Resort
13 The Cosmopolitan of Las Vegas
14 The Mirage Casino-Hotel
15 University of Nevada, Reno
16 University Medical Center of Southern Nevada
17 The Palazzo Casino Resort
18 Flamingo Las Vegas Operating Company LLC
19 Encore Las Vegas
20 Luxor Las Vegas

Infrastructure

Transportation

State route shield
U.S. Route 50, also known as "The Loneliest Road in America"

Amtrak's California Zephyr train uses the Union Pacific's original transcontinental railroad line in daily service from Chicago to Emeryville, California, serving Elko, Winnemucca, and Reno. Las Vegas has had no passenger train service since Amtrak's Desert Wind was discontinued in 1997. Amtrak Thruway buses provide connecting service from Las Vegas to trains at Needles, California, Los Angeles, and Bakersfield, California; and from Stateline, Nevada, to Sacramento, California. There have been a number of proposals to re-introduce service to either Los Angeles or Southern California with the privately run Brightline West having begun construction in 2024.

The Union Pacific Railroad has some railroads in the north and south of Nevada. Greyhound Lines provide some bus service to the state.

Interstate 15 (I-15) passes through the southern tip of the state, serving Las Vegas and other communities. I-215 and I-515 also serve the Las Vegas metropolitan area. I-80 crosses through the northern part of Nevada, roughly following the path of the Humboldt River from Utah in the east and the Truckee River westward through Reno into California. It has a spur route, I-580. Nevada also is served by several U.S. highways: US 6, US 50, US 93, US 95 and US 395. There are also 189 Nevada state routes. Many of Nevada's counties have a system of county routes as well, though many are not signed or paved in rural areas. Nevada is one of a few states in the U.S. that do not have a continuous interstate highway linking its two major population centers – the road connection between the Las Vegas and Reno areas is a combination of several different Interstate and U.S. highways. The Interstate 11 proposed routing may eventually remedy this.

The state is one of just a few in the country to allow semi-trailer trucks with three trailers – what might be called a "road train" in Australia. But American versions are usually smaller, in part because they must ascend and descend some fairly steep mountain passes.

RTC Transit is the public transit system in the Las Vegas metropolitan area. The agency is the largest transit agency in the state and operates a network of bus service across the Las Vegas Valley, including the use of The Deuce, double-decker buses, on the Las Vegas Strip and several outlying routes. RTC RIDE operates a system of local transit bus service throughout the Reno-Sparks metropolitan area. Other transit systems in the state include Carson City's JAC. Most other counties in the state do not have public transportation at all.

Additionally, a 4-mile (6.4 km) monorail system provides public transportation in the Las Vegas area. The Las Vegas Monorail line services several casino properties and the Las Vegas Convention Center on the east side of the Las Vegas Strip, running near Paradise Road, with a possible future extension to Harry Reid International Airport. Several hotels also run their own monorail lines between each other, which are typically several blocks in length.

Harry Reid International Airport in Las Vegas is the busiest airport serving Nevada. The Reno-Tahoe International Airport (formerly known as the Reno Cannon International Airport) is the other major airport in the state.

Energy

See also: List of power stations in Nevada
External image
image icon Map of Nevada electricity grid

Nevada has had a thriving solar energy sector. An independent study in 2013 concluded that solar users created a $36 million net benefit. However, in December 2015, the Public Utility Commission let the state's only power company, NV Energy, charge higher rates and fees to solar panel users, leading to an immediate collapse of rooftop solar panel use.

In December 1987, Congress amended the Nuclear Waste Policy Act to designate Yucca Mountain nuclear waste repository as the only site to be characterized as a permanent repository for all of the nation's highly radioactive waste.

Affordable housing

In 2018, the National Low Income Housing Coalition calculated the discrepancy between available affordable housing units and renters who earn below the poverty line. In Nevada, only 15 affordable rental homes are available per 100 extremely low income (ELI) households. The shortage extended to a deficit in supply of 71,358 affordable rental homes. This was the largest discrepancy of any state. The most notable catalyst for this shortage was the Great Recession and housing crisis of 2007 and 2008. Since then, housing prices have increased while demand has increased, and supply has struggled to match the increase in demand. In addition, low-income service workers were slowly being pushed out by an influx of tech professionals. In Nevada there is essentially a standard of six-figure income to affordably rent a single-family home. Considering the average salary in Nevada, $54,842 per year, this standard is on average, unaffordable. The disproportionate cost of housing compared to average salary has led to 112,872 renters to be paying more than half of their yearly income towards housing.

The definition of an affordable home is "one that a household can obtain for 30 percent or less of its annual income". So, there is clearly a long way to go in order to close the gap between housing prices and relative income in the state. Renters are looking for solutions to still be able to live in the state in a way that their income can support. As a result, single adults are being forced to split rent with other renters or move residences to farther outside metro areas. One solution being offered is to increase the supply of higher income positions within the state to make things more affordable. However, this would require Nevadans to retrain in new jobs or careers.

Education

Education in Nevada is achieved through public and private elementary, middle, and high schools, as well as colleges and universities.

A May 2015 educational reform law expanded school choice options to 450,000 Nevada students who are at up to 185% of the federal poverty level. Education savings accounts (ESAs) are enabled by the new law to help pay the tuition for private schools. Alternatively, families "can use funds in these accounts to also pay for textbooks and tutoring".

Approximately 86.9% of Nevada residents have attained at least a high school degree or equivalent, which is below the national average of 88.6%.

Public school districts

Public school districts in Nevada include:

Colleges and universities

Research institutes

The Nevada Aerospace Hall of Fame provides educational resources and promotes the aerospace and aviation history of the state.

Law and government

Government

Main article: Government of Nevada
The Nevada State Legislative Building in Carson City

Under the Constitution of the State of Nevada, the powers of the Nevada government are divided among three separate departments: the executive consisting of the governor of Nevada and their cabinet along with the other elected constitutional officers; the legislative consisting of the Nevada Legislature, which includes the Assembly and the Senate; and the judicial consisting of the Supreme Court of Nevada and lower courts.

The governor is the chief magistrate of Nevada, the head of the executive department of the state's government, and the commander-in-chief of the state's military forces. The current governor is Joe Lombardo, a Republican. The executive branch also consists of an independently elected lieutenant governor, secretary of state, state treasurer, state controller, and attorney general who function as a check and balance on the power of the governor.

The Nevada Legislature is a bicameral body divided into an Assembly and Senate. Members of the Assembly serve two years, and members of the Senate serve four years. Both houses of the Nevada Legislature enacted term limits starting in 2010, with senators and assemblymen/women who are limited to a maximum of twelve years in each body (by appointment or election which is a lifetime limit) – a provision of the constitution which was upheld by the Supreme Court of Nevada in a unanimous decision. Each session of the legislature meets for a constitutionally mandated 120 days in every odd-numbered year, or longer if the governor calls a special session.

On December 18, 2018, Nevada became the first in the United States with a female majority in its legislature. Women hold nine of the 21 seats in the Nevada Senate, and 23 of the 42 seats in the Nevada Assembly.

The Supreme Court of Nevada is the state supreme court and the head of the Nevada Judiciary. Original jurisdiction is divided between the district courts (with general jurisdiction), and justice courts and municipal courts (both of limited jurisdiction). Appeals from District Courts are made directly to the Nevada Supreme Court, which under a deflective model of jurisdiction, has the discretion to send cases to the Court of Appeals for final resolution.

Incorporated towns in Nevada, known as cities, are given the authority to legislate anything not prohibited by law. A recent movement has begun to permit home rule to incorporate Nevada cities to give them more flexibility and fewer restrictions from the Legislature. Town Boards for unincorporated towns are limited local governments created by either the local county commission, or by referendum, and form a purely advisory role and in no way diminish the responsibilities of the county commission that creates them.

State agencies

Law

The courthouse of the Supreme Court of Nevada

In 1900, Nevada's population was the smallest of all states and was shrinking, as the difficulties of living in a "barren desert" began to outweigh the lure of silver for many early settlers. Historian Lawrence Friedman has explained what happened next:

Nevada, in a burst of ingenuity, built an economy by exploiting its sovereignty. Its strategy was to legalize all sorts of things that were illegal in California ... after the easy divorce came easy marriage and casino gaming. Even prostitution is legal in Nevada, in any county that decides to allow it. Quite a few of them do.

With the advent of air conditioning for summertime use and Southern Nevada's mild winters, the fortunes of the state began to turn around, as it did for Arizona, making these two states the fastest growing in the Union.

Prostitution

See also: Prostitution in Nevada

Nevada is the only state where prostitution is legal – in a licensed brothel in a county which has specifically voted to permit it. It is illegal in larger jurisdictions such as Clark County (which contains Las Vegas), Washoe County (which contains Reno), and the independent city of Carson City.

Divorce

Nevada's early reputation as a "divorce haven" arose from the fact that before the no-fault divorce revolution in the 1970s, divorces were difficult to obtain in the United States. Already having legalized gambling and prostitution, Nevada continued the trend of boosting its profile by adopting one of the most liberal divorce statutes in the nation. This resulted in Williams v. North Carolina (1942), 317 U.S. 287 (1942), in which the U.S. Supreme Court ruled North Carolina had to give "full faith and credit" to a Nevada divorce. The Court modified its decision in Williams v. North Carolina (1945), 325 U.S. 226 (1945), by holding a state need not recognize a Nevada divorce unless one of the parties was domiciled there at the time the divorce was granted and the forum state was entitled to make its own determination.

As of 2009, Nevada's divorce rate was above the national average.

Taxes

Nevada's tax laws are intended to draw new residents and businesses to the state. Nevada has no personal income tax or corporate income tax. Since Nevada does not collect income data it cannot share such information with the federal government, the IRS.

The state sales tax (similar to VAT or GST) in Nevada is variable depending upon the county. The statewide tax rate is 6.85%, with five counties (Elko, Esmeralda, Eureka, Humboldt, and Mineral) charging this amount. Counties may impose additional rates via voter approval or through approval of the state legislature; therefore, the applicable sales tax varies by county from 6.85% to 8.375% (Clark County). Clark County, which includes Las Vegas, imposes four separate county option taxes in addition to the statewide rate: 0.25% for flood control, 0.50% for mass transit, 0.25% for infrastructure, and 0.25% for more law enforcement. In Washoe County, which includes Reno, the sales tax rate is 7.725%, due to county option rates for flood control, the ReTRAC train trench project, and mass transit, and an additional county rate approved under the Local Government Tax Act of 1991. The minimum Nevada sales tax rate changed on July 1, 2009.

The lodging tax rate in unincorporated Clark County, which includes the Las Vegas Strip, is 12%. Within the boundaries of the cities of Las Vegas and Henderson, the lodging tax rate is 13%.

Corporations such as Apple Inc. allegedly have set up investment companies and funds in Nevada to avoid paying taxes.

LGBT rights

Main articles: Same-sex marriage in Nevada and LGBT rights in Nevada

In 2009, the Nevada Legislature passed a bill creating a domestic partnership registry which enables same-sex couples to enjoy the same rights as married couples. Due to the landmark decision in the case of Obergefell v. Hodges, 576 U.S. 644 (2015), same-sex marriage was outright legalized in the state.

Incorporation

Nevada provides a friendly environment for the formation of corporations, and many (especially California) businesses have incorporated in Nevada to take advantage of the benefits of the Nevada statute. Nevada corporations offer great flexibility to the board of directors and simplify or avoid many of the rules that are cumbersome to business managers in some other states. In addition, Nevada has no franchise tax, although it does require businesses to have a license for which the business has to pay the state.

Financial institutions

Similarly, many U.S. states have usury laws limiting the amount of interest a lender can charge, but federal law allows corporations to "import" these laws from their home state. Nevada has no cap on interest rates that may be agreed to in contracts.

Alcohol and other drugs

See also: Alcohol laws of Nevada and Cannabis in Nevada

Nevada has very liberal alcohol laws. Bars are permitted to remain open 24 hours, with no "last call". Liquor stores, convenience stores and supermarkets may also sell alcohol 24 hours per day and may sell beer, wine and spirits.

In 2016, Nevada voters approved Question 2, which legalized the possession, transportation and cultivation of personal use amounts of marijuana for adults age 21 years and older, and authorized the creation of a regulated market for the sale of marijuana to adults age 21 years and older through state-licensed retail outlets. Nevada voters had previously approved medical marijuana in 2000, but rejected marijuana legalization in a similar referendum in 2006. Marijuana in all forms remains illegal under federal law.

Aside from cannabis legalization, non-alcohol drug laws are a notable exception to Nevada's otherwise libertarian principles. It is notable for having the harshest penalties for drug offenders in the country. Nevada remains the only state to still use mandatory minimum sentencing guidelines for possession of drugs.

The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) reported, in their Behavioral Health Barometer for Nevada, published in 2014, changes to substance abuse patterns and addiction across the southwestern state. Between 2012 and 2013, adolescents in Nevada abused illicit substances at a slightly higher percentage than nationally. 10.2 percent of Nevada's adolescents abused illicit drugs compared to 9.2 percent across the United States. Between 2009 and 2013, 11.7 percent of all adolescents in the state reported abusing illicit, intoxicating substances in the month prior to the survey; this represents 25,000 adolescents.

Smoking

Nevada voters enacted a smoking ban ("The Nevada Clean Indoor Air Act") in November 2006 which became effective on December 8, 2006. It outlaws smoking in most workplaces and public places. Smoking is permitted in bars, but only if the bar serves no food, or the bar is inside a larger casino. Smoking is also permitted in casinos, certain hotel rooms, tobacco shops, and brothels. However, some businesses do not obey this law and the government tends not to enforce it. In 2011, smoking restrictions in Nevada were relaxed for certain places which allow only people 21 or older inside.

Crime

Main article: Crime in Nevada

In 2006, the crime rate in Nevada was about 24% higher than the national average rate, though crime has since decreased. Property crimes accounted for about 85% of the total crime rate in Nevada, which was 21% higher than the national rate. The remaining 20.3% were violent crimes. A complete listing of crime data in the state for 2013 can be found here:

Politics

See also: Political party strength in Nevada
Party registration as of December 2024
Party Total voters Percentage
Democratic 682,660 29.36%
Republican 673,176 28.95%
Independent American 106,002 4.56%
Libertarian 19,173 0.82%
Other parties 49,952 2.15%
Nonpartisan 794,099 34.15%
Total 2,325,062 100.00%

State politics

Majority/plurality party in each Nevada county (February 2023):   Democrat >= 30%   Republican >= 30%   Republican >= 40%   Republican >= 50%   Republican >= 60%

Due to heavy growth in the southern portion of the state, there is a noticeable divide between the politics of northern and southern Nevada. Historically, northern Nevada has been very Republican. The more rural counties of the north are among the most conservative regions of the state. Carson City, the state's capital, is a Republican-leaning swing city/county. Washoe County, home to Reno, has historically been strongly Republican, but now has become a fairly balanced swing county, like the state as a whole. Clark County, home to Las Vegas, has been a stronghold for the Democratic Party since it was founded in 1909, having voted Republican only six times and once for a third-party candidate. Clark and Washoe counties have long dominated the state's politics. Between them, they cast 87% of Nevada's vote, and elect a substantial majority of the state legislature. The last Republican to carry Clark County was George H. W. Bush in 1988, and the last Republican to carry Washoe County was George W. Bush in 2004. The great majority of the state's elected officials are from either Las Vegas or Reno.

In 2014, Republican Adam Laxalt, despite losing both Clark and Washoe counties, was elected Attorney General. However, he had lost Clark County only by 5.6% and Washoe County by 1.4%, attributable to lower turnout in these counties.

National politics

See also: United States presidential elections in Nevada

Nevada has been won by the winner of nearly every presidential election since its first in 1864, only being carried by the defeated candidate eight times since statehood, most of which were before 1900. Since 1912 Nevada has been carried by the presidential victor the most out of any state (27 of 29 elections), the only exceptions being 1976 when it voted for Gerald Ford over Jimmy Carter and 2016 when the state was carried by Hillary Clinton over Donald Trump. This gives the state status as a political bellwether. It was one of only three states won by John F. Kennedy in the American West in the election of 1960, albeit narrowly. The state's U.S. Senators are Democrats Catherine Cortez Masto and Jacky Rosen. The Governorship is held by Joe Lombardo, a Republican.

Elections

Main article: Elections in Nevada

Nevada is the only U.S. state to have a none of the above option available on its ballots. Officially called None of These Candidates, the option was first added to the ballot in 1975 and is used in all statewide elections, including president, US Senate and all state constitutional positions. In the event "None of These Candidates" receives a plurality of votes in the election, the candidate with the next-highest total is elected.

In a 2020 study, Nevada was ranked as the 23rd on the "Cost of Voting Index", which is a measure of "the ease of voting across the United States."

Culture

Entertainment and tourism

Resort areas like Las Vegas, Reno, Lake Tahoe, and Laughlin attract visitors from around the nation and world. In fiscal year 2022 Nevada casinos (not counting those with annual revenue under a million dollars) brought in US$10.7 billion in gaming revenue and another US$15.7 billion in non-gaming revenue.

Nevada has by far the most hotel rooms per capita in the United States. According to the American Hotel and Lodging Association, there were 187,301 rooms in 584 hotels (of 15 or more rooms). The state is ranked just below California, Texas, Florida, and New York in the total number of rooms, but those states have much larger populations. Nevada has one hotel room for every 14 residents, far above the national average of one hotel room per 67 residents.

Prostitution is legal in parts of Nevada in licensed brothels, but only counties with populations under 400,000 have the option to legalize it. Although prostitution is not a major part of the Nevada economy, employing roughly 300 women as independent contractors, it is a very visible endeavor. Of the 14 counties permitted to legalize prostitution under state law, eight have chosen to legalize brothels. State law prohibits prostitution in Clark County (which contains Las Vegas), and Washoe County (which contains Reno). However, prostitution is legal in Storey County, which is part of the Reno–Sparks metropolitan area.

Sports

See also: Las Vegas § Sports; Sports in the Las Vegas metropolitan area; Reno, Nevada § Sports; and Henderson, Nevada § Sports

The Las Vegas Valley is home to the Vegas Golden Knights of the National Hockey League who began to play in the 2017–18 NHL season at T-Mobile Arena on the Las Vegas Strip in Paradise, the Las Vegas Raiders of the National Football League who began play at Allegiant Stadium in Paradise in 2020 after moving from Oakland, California, and the Las Vegas Aces of the WNBA who began playing in 2018 at Mandalay Bay Events Center after relocating from San Antonio. The Oakland Athletics of Major League Baseball plan to move to Las Vegas by 2027.

Nevada takes pride in college sports, most notably its college football. College teams in the state include the Nevada Wolf Pack (representing the University of Nevada, Reno) and the UNLV Rebels (representing the University of Nevada, Las Vegas), both in the Mountain West Conference (MW).

UNLV is most remembered for its men's basketball program, which experienced its height of supremacy in the late 1980s and early 1990s. Coached by Jerry Tarkanian, the Runnin' Rebels became one of the most elite programs in the country. In 1990, UNLV won the Men's Division I Championship by defeating Duke 103–73, which set tournament records for most points scored by a team and largest margin of victory in the national title game.

In 1991, UNLV finished the regular season undefeated, a feat that would not be matched in Division I men's basketball for more than 20 years. Forward Larry Johnson won several awards, including the Naismith Award. UNLV reached the Final Four yet again, but lost their national semifinal against Duke 79–77. The Runnin' Rebels were the Associated Press pre-season No. 1 back to back (1989–90, 1990–91). North Carolina is the only other team to accomplish that (2007–08, 2008–09).

The state's involvement in major-college sports is not limited to its local schools. In the 21st century, the Las Vegas area has become a significant regional center for college basketball conference tournaments. The MW, West Coast Conference, and Western Athletic Conference all hold their men's and women's tournaments in the area, and the Pac-12 holds its men's tournament there as well. The Big Sky Conference, after decades of holding its men's and women's conference tournaments at campus sites, began holding both tournaments in Reno in 2016.

Las Vegas has hosted several professional boxing matches, most recently at the MGM Grand Garden Arena with bouts such as Mike Tyson vs. Evander Holyfield, Evander Holyfield vs. Mike Tyson II, Oscar De La Hoya vs. Floyd Mayweather and Oscar De La Hoya vs. Manny Pacquiao and at the newer T-Mobile Arena with Canelo Álvarez vs. Amir Khan.

Along with significant rises in popularity in mixed martial arts (MMA), a number of fight leagues such as the UFC have taken interest in Las Vegas as a primary event location due to the number of suitable host venues. The Mandalay Bay Events Center and MGM Grand Garden Arena are among some of the more popular venues for fighting events such as MMA and have hosted several UFC and other MMA title fights. The city has held the most UFC events with 86 events.

The state is also home to the Las Vegas Motor Speedway, which hosts NASCAR's Pennzoil 400 and South Point 400. Two venues in the immediate Las Vegas area host major annual events in rodeo. The Thomas & Mack Center, built for UNLV men's basketball, hosts the National Finals Rodeo. The PBR World Finals, operated by the bull riding-only Professional Bull Riders, was also held at the Thomas & Mack Center before moving to T-Mobile Arena in 2016.

The state is also home to famous tennis player, Andre Agassi, and current baseball superstar Bryce Harper.

List of teams

Major professional teams
Team Sport League Venue (capacity) Established Titles
Las Vegas Athletics Baseball MLB New Las Vegas Stadium (33,000) 2025 or 2028 9
Las Vegas Raiders Football NFL Allegiant Stadium (65,000) 2020 3
Vegas Golden Knights Ice hockey NHL T-Mobile Arena (17,500) 2017 1
Las Vegas Aces Women's basketball WNBA Michelob Ultra Arena (12,000) 2018 2
Minor professional teams
Team Sport League Venue (capacity) Established Titles
Las Vegas Aviators Baseball MiLB (AAA–PCL) Las Vegas Ballpark (10,000) 1983 2
Reno Aces Greater Nevada Field (9,013) 2009 2
NBA G League Ignite Basketball NBAGL Dollar Loan Center (5,567) 2020 0
Las Vegas Royals ABA 0
Vegas Ballers TBL Tarkanian Basketball Center (N/A) 0
Henderson Silver Knights Ice hockey AHL Dollar Loan Center (5,567) 2020 0
Las Vegas Lights FC Soccer USLC Cashman Field (9,334) 2018 0
Nevada Storm Women's football WFA Damonte Ranch High School (N/A)
Fernley High School (N/A)
Galena High School (N/A) 		2008 0
Sin City Trojans Desert Pines High School (N/A) 0
Vegas Knight Hawks Indoor football IFL Dollar Loan Center (6,019) 2021 0
Las Vegas Desert Dogs Box lacrosse NLL Michelob Ultra Arena (12,000) 0
Amateur teams
Team Sport League Venue (capacity) Established Titles
Reno Ice Raiders Ice hockey MWHL Reno Ice 2015 0
Vegas Jesters City National Arena (600) 2012 0
Las Vegas Thunderbirds USPHL 2019 0
Las Vegas Legends Soccer NPSL Peter Johann Memorial Field (2,500) 2021 0
Nevada Coyotes FC UPSL Rio Vista Sports Complex (N/A) 2016 0
College teams
School Team League Division Conference
University of Nevada, Las Vegas (UNLV) UNLV Rebels NCAA NCAA Division I Mountain West
University of Nevada, Reno (UNR) Nevada Wolf Pack
College of Southern Nevada (CSN) CSN Coyotes NJCAA NJCAA Division I Scenic West
Western Nevada College (WNC) WNC Wildcats

Military

A map that details the federal land in southern Nevada, showing Nellis Air Force Base Complex and Nevada Test Site

Several United States Navy ships have been named USS Nevada in honor of the state. They include:

Area 51 is near Groom Lake, a dry salt lake bed. The much smaller Creech Air Force Base is in Indian Springs, Nevada; Hawthorne Army Depot in Hawthorne; the Tonopah Test Range near Tonopah; and Nellis AFB in the northeast part of the Las Vegas Valley. Naval Air Station Fallon in Fallon; NSAWC, (pronounced "EN-SOCK") in western Nevada. NSAWC consolidated three Command Centers into a single Command Structure under a flag officer on July 11, 1996. The Naval Strike Warfare Center based at NAS Fallon since 1984, was joined with the Navy Fighter Weapons School (TOPGUN) and the Carrier Airborne Early Warning Weapons School, which both moved from NAS Miramar as a result of a Base Realignment and Closure decision in 1993 which transferred that installation back to the Marine Corps as MCAS Miramar. The Seahawk Weapon School was added in 1998 to provide tactical training for Navy helicopters.

These bases host a number of activities including the Joint Unmanned Aerial Systems Center of Excellence, the Naval Strike and Air Warfare Center, Nevada Test and Training Range, Red Flag, the U.S. Air Force Thunderbirds, the United States Air Force Warfare Center, the United States Air Force Weapons School, and the United States Navy Fighter Weapons School.

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Elevation to North American Vertical Datum of 1988.
  2. The distinction of highest point in Nevada goes to the summit of Boundary Peak, so named because it is very near the Nevada–California border, at the northern terminus of the White Mountains. However, Boundary Peak can be considered a subsidiary summit of Montgomery Peak, whose summit is in California, since the topographic prominence of Boundary Peak is only 253 feet (77 m), which falls under the often used 300-foot (91 m) cutoff for an independent peak. Also, Boundary Peak is less than 1 mile (1.6 km) away from its higher neighbor. Hence Boundary Peak can be described as not being wholly within Nevada. By contrast, the prominence of Wheeler Peak, 13,063 feet (3,982 m), is quite large and in fact it is the twelfth largest in the contiguous United States. Wheeler Peak is the highest point in a radius of more than 200 square miles (520 km) and is entirely within the state of Nevada.
  3. Also sometimes placed in the Mountain West and Southwestern United States.
  4. The National Archives press release states that the cost was $4,313.27, but the amount $4,303.27 is actually written on the document.
  5. Persons of Hispanic or Latino origin are not distinguished between total and partial ancestry.
  6. Five titles were won when the team was based in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and four were won during the team's time in Oakland, California.
  7. Two titles were won when the team was based in Oakland, California and one was won when they were based in Los Angeles, California.

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Preceded byWest Virginia List of U.S. states by date of statehood
Admitted on October 31, 1864 (36th) 		Succeeded byNebraska
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39°N 117°W / 39°N 117°W / 39; -117 (State of Nevada)

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