Anti-Lebanon mountains: Difference between revisions

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			{{Refimprove\|date=December 2009}}
⚫	]. The snow-covered areas ~~closer to~~ the coast ~~indicate~~ the ~~line of the~~ Mount Lebanon range and the snow-covered areas further inland ~~indicate the line of~~ the Anti-Lebanon ~~mountains~~.]]
			{{short description\|Mountain range in Syria and Lebanon}}
	The '''Anti-Lebanon mountains''', is the Western name for the '''Eastern Lebanon Mountain Range''' ({{lang-ar\|'''جبال لبنان الشرقية'''}}),which are a northeast-trending ] between ] and ]. Its Western name (Anti-Lebanon) comes from the Greek word for ‘opposite’. The majority of the mountain range lies in ]. The border between ] and ] is largely defined along the crest of the range. At its southern end it is also within ]. The range lies east of and parallel (opposite) to the ] range. To the west lies the ] in the north and the ] valley in the south. These valleys separate it from the Lebanon range in central Lebanon. To the east, in Syria, lies the ] which contains the city of ].
			{{Infobox mountain
			\| name = Anti-Lebanon mountains
			\| photo = Hermonsnow.jpg
			\| photo_caption = ], the highest point in the Anti-Lebanon range, looking north from ]
		⚫	\| map_caption = Satellite image of ]. The snow-covered areas nearer the coast are the ] and the snow-covered areas further inland are the Anti-Lebanon mountain range.
			\| location = ], ], ]
			\| elevation_m = 2814
			\| other_name = جبال لبنان الشرقية
			\| highest = ]
			\| map_image = Satellite image of Lebanon in March 2002.jpg
			\| length_km = 150
			\| range_coordinates = {{Coord\|34\|N\|36.5\|E\|region:SY\|display=inline,title}}
			}}

			The '''Anti-Lebanon mountains''' ({{langx\|ar\|جبال لبنان الشرقية\|Jibāl Lubnān ash-Sharqiyyah\|eastern mountains of Lebanon}}) are a southwest–northeast-trending, c. {{convert\|150\|km\|0\|abbr=off}} long ] that forms most of the ]. The border is largely defined along the crest of the range. Most of the range lies in ].
⚫	The Anti-Lebanon range is approximately 150 km in length. To the ~~north~~, ~~it extends to almost~~ the ~~latitude~~ of the ~~Syrian city of~~ ] before dying out. To the south, the range coalesces with the Golan Heights plateau but includes the highest peaks of ] (~~Jabalu~~ sh-Shaykh, in Arabic ~~جبل الشيخ~~), at 2,814 metres and ] at 2,669 metres. These peaks are snow-covered for much of the year ~~and are located on the ]i controlled ]-]-]n Border~~.

			==Etymology==
	{{coord\|34\|00\|N\|36\|30\|E\|region:SY_type:mountain\|display=title}}
			Its ] name ''Anti-Lebanon'' comes from the ] and ] {{lang\|la\|Antilibanus}}, derived from its position opposite (''{{linktext\|anti-}}'') and parallel to the ] range ({{lang\|la\|Libanus}}).

			==Geology==
⚫	]
		⚫	The Anti-Lebanon range is approximately {{convert\|150\|km\|0\|abbr=off}} in length. To the south, the range adjoins the lower-lying ] plateau, but includes the highest peaks, namely ] (''Jabal el-Shaykh'', in Arabic), at 2,814 metres, and Ta'la't Musa, at 2,669 metres. These peaks, on the ], are snow-covered for much of the year.
⚫	]
	]
	]

			Anti-Lebanon mountains are an ]. Their predominant rocks are ] and ] from the ] period.

			==Geography==
	{{Lebanon-geo-stub}}
			To the north, they extend to almost the latitude of the Syrian city of ]. The mountains end in the south with ], which borders on the ]; the Golan Heights are a different ] and ] entity, but ] they are often regarded together with the southern slopes of Mount Hermon, both being Syrian territory occupied by ]. To the west of the Anti-Lebanon lie valleys that separate it from Mount Lebanon in central ]: ] in the north and the ] valley in the south. To the east, in Syria, lies the ], location of the city of ].
	{{Syria-geo-stub}}

			The mountains provide a ] to the region on their east on their leeward side, such as the ].
	]

	]
			An important smuggling route between Lebanon and Syria passes through the Anti-Lebanon mountains.<ref name="menace">{{Cite news \|url= http://www.latimes.com/world/middleeast/la-fg-hezbollah-20170731-story.html \|title= Lebanon's Hezbollah group insists: We're not the 'menace' Trump says we are \|last= Bulos \|first= Nabih \|date= 2017-07-31 \|work= Los Angeles Times \|access-date= 2017-09-23 \|language= en-US \|issn= 0458-3035}}</ref>
	]

	]
			==Ecology==
	]
			The area is known for its apricot and cherry trees as well as its stone quarries.<ref name="menace"/> In the mountains, ] and ] bushes thrive. On the west side are small-scale ] forests and isolated ]s with Cilician firs ('']''), Lebanon cedars ('']'') and Greek juniper ('']''). Subalpine and alpine plant communities occur over 2,500 metres. The grazing by sheep and goats has led to increased erosion of the remaining forests and substantial deterioration of soil and vegetation. The predominant form of economy is extensive nomadic grazing.
	]

	]
			There are various ] found and named after the region (having a ] that means "of the Anti-Lebanon"). These include '']'', '']'', '']'',<ref>{{cite web \|title= Eastern Mediterranean Endemic Plants \|url= http://www.terrestrial-biozones.net/endemic%20floras/Eastern%20Mediterranean%20Endemics.html \|publisher= terrestrial-biozones.net \|access-date= 25 March 2016 \|archive-date= 12 October 2017 \|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20171012030117/http://www.terrestrial-biozones.net/endemic%20floras/Eastern%20Mediterranean%20Endemics.html \|url-status= dead}}</ref> and '']''.<ref>{{cite web \|title= Iris antilibanotica Dinsm. is an accepted name \|url= http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-321563 \|publisher= theplantlist.org (]) \|access-date=25 March 2016}}</ref>
	]

	]
			==See also==
	]
			*]
	]

	]
			==References==
	]
			{{reflist\|30em}}
	]

	]
			{{Authority control}}
	]

	]
			{{Regions of the world\|state=collapsed}}
	]

	]
			{{DEFAULTSORT:Anti-Lebanon mountains}}
	]
		⚫	]
	]
		⚫	]
	]
			]

Latest revision as of 19:11, 16 December 2024

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Mountain range in Syria and Lebanon

Anti-Lebanon mountains
جبال لبنان الشرقية
Mount Hermon, the highest point in the Anti-Lebanon range, looking north from Mount Bental
Highest point
Peak	Mount Hermon
Elevation	2,814 m (9,232 ft)
Dimensions
Length	150 km (93 mi)
Geography
Satellite image of Lebanon. The snow-covered areas nearer the coast are the Mount Lebanon range and the snow-covered areas further inland are the Anti-Lebanon mountain range.
Location	Syria, Lebanon, Israel
Range coordinates	34°00′N 36°30′E / 34°N 36.5°E / 34; 36.5

The Anti-Lebanon mountains (Arabic: جبال لبنان الشرقية, romanized: Jibāl Lubnān ash-Sharqiyyah, lit. 'eastern mountains of Lebanon') are a southwest–northeast-trending, c. 150 kilometres (93 miles) long mountain range that forms most of the border between Syria and Lebanon. The border is largely defined along the crest of the range. Most of the range lies in Syria.

Etymology

Its Western name Anti-Lebanon comes from the Greek and Latin Antilibanus, derived from its position opposite (anti-) and parallel to the Mount Lebanon range (Libanus).

Geology

The Anti-Lebanon range is approximately 150 kilometres (93 miles) in length. To the south, the range adjoins the lower-lying Golan Heights plateau, but includes the highest peaks, namely Mount Hermon (Jabal el-Shaykh, in Arabic), at 2,814 metres, and Ta'la't Musa, at 2,669 metres. These peaks, on the Lebanese-Syrian border, are snow-covered for much of the year.

Anti-Lebanon mountains are an anticline. Their predominant rocks are limestone and chalk from the Jurassic period.

Geography

To the north, they extend to almost the latitude of the Syrian city of Homs. The mountains end in the south with Mount Hermon, which borders on the Golan Heights; the Golan Heights are a different geological and geomorphological entity, but geopolitically they are often regarded together with the southern slopes of Mount Hermon, both being Syrian territory occupied by Israel. To the west of the Anti-Lebanon lie valleys that separate it from Mount Lebanon in central Lebanon: Beqaa Valley in the north and the Hasbani River valley in the south. To the east, in Syria, lies the Eastern Plateau, location of the city of Damascus.

The mountains provide a rain shadow to the region on their east on their leeward side, such as the Syrian Desert.

An important smuggling route between Lebanon and Syria passes through the Anti-Lebanon mountains.

Ecology

The area is known for its apricot and cherry trees as well as its stone quarries. In the mountains, amygdalus and pistachio bushes thrive. On the west side are small-scale deciduous forests and isolated dry coniferous forests with Cilician firs (Abies cilicica), Lebanon cedars (Cedrus libani) and Greek juniper (Juniperus excelsa). Subalpine and alpine plant communities occur over 2,500 metres. The grazing by sheep and goats has led to increased erosion of the remaining forests and substantial deterioration of soil and vegetation. The predominant form of economy is extensive nomadic grazing.

There are various endemic flora found and named after the region (having a specific epithet that means "of the Anti-Lebanon"). These include Euphorbia antilibanotica, Teucrium antilibanoticum, Valerianella antilibanotica, and Iris antilibanotica.

References

^ Bulos, Nabih (2017-07-31). "Lebanon's Hezbollah group insists: We're not the 'menace' Trump says we are". Los Angeles Times. ISSN 0458-3035. Retrieved 2017-09-23.
"Eastern Mediterranean Endemic Plants". terrestrial-biozones.net. Archived from the original on 12 October 2017. Retrieved 25 March 2016.
"Iris antilibanotica Dinsm. is an accepted name". theplantlist.org (The Plant List). Retrieved 25 March 2016.

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