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{{Short description|Genus of orchids}}
:''Encyclia'' is also a Greek term for the ] :''Encyclia'' is also a Greek term for the ]
{{taxobox {{Automatic taxobox
|name = ''Encyclia'' | image = Encyclia ceratistes.jpg
|image = Encyclia ceratistes.jpg | image_caption = '']''
| display_parents = 3
|image_caption = ''Encyclia ceratistes''
| taxon = Encyclia
|regnum = ]
| authority = ]
|unranked_divisio = ]
| type_species = ''Encyclia viridiflora''
|unranked_classis = ]
| type_species_authority = ] <br /><small>Bot. Mag. 55: t. 2831 (1828)</small>
|ordo = ]
| subdivision_ranks = Species
|familia = ]
| subdivision = See ]
|subfamilia = ]
| synonyms_ref = <ref></ref>
|tribus = ]
|synonyms = *''Doxosma'' <small>Raf.</small>
|subtribus = ]
*''Sulpitia'' <small>Raf.</small>
|alliance = Cattleya
}}
|genus = '''''Encyclia'''''
|genus_authority = ]
|type_species = ''Encyclia viridiflora''
|type_species_authority = ] <br /><small>Bot. Mag. 55: t. 2831 (1828)</small>
|subdivision_ranks = Species
|subdivision = See ]
|}}


'''''Encyclia''''' is a ] of ]s. The genus name comes from ] ''enkykleomai'' ("to encircle"), referring to the lateral lobes of the lip which encircle the column. The abbreviation in the horticultural trade is '''E'''. '''''Encyclia''''' is a ] of ]s. The genus name comes from ] ''enkykleomai'' ("to encircle"), referring to the lateral lobes of the lip which encircle the column. It is abbreviated as '''''E.''''' in the horticultural trade.<ref>Alphabetical List of Standard Abbreviations for Natural and Hybrid Generic Names, Royal Horticultural Society, 2017. https://www.rhs.org.uk/plants/pdfs/plant-registration-forms/orchid-name-abbreviations-list.pdf</ref>


== Biology ==
The ] genus occurs in Florida, Bahamas, West Indies, Mexico and tropical America in forests in lowlands and at altitudes to 1000 m. The distribution of the species is more or less evenly spread throughout this area.
The ] genus ''Encyclia'' occurs in ], the ], ], and other regions of the tropical Americas. It grows in lowland forests at altitudes up to 1000 meters. The distribution of the species is more or less evenly spread throughout this area. Most of these species are found in seasonally dry forests where the humidity tends to remain high throughout the year, though precipitation is infrequent, sometimes lacking for months. They are most common in dry ] forests.


The terminal leaves grow from thickened ]s. The flowers arise from an apical inflorescence. This genus is ] by bees and birds. There are normally eight pollinia, but in some subgroups this is reduced to four. Most species have stiff, drought-resistant leaves and large onion-shaped ]s.<ref name="Orchids">Dressler, R. L. ''The Orchids, Natural History and Classification''. {{ISBN|0-674-87526-5}}</ref> The flowers arise from an apical inflorescence. This genus is ] by bees and birds. There are normally eight ], but in some subgroups this is reduced to four. One species, '']'', produces cylindrical, terete leaves.<ref name="Orchids"/><ref name="ReferenceA">''Illustrated Encyclopedia of Orchids''. {{ISBN|0-88192-267-6}}</ref>


==Taxonomy== == Cultivation ==
Many species in this genus are cultivated as ]s. The flowers may last over a month. They are easily overwatered and require only a periodic misting during the winter.
Cladistic research has shown that ''Encyclia'' sensu stricto is ]. This genus was originally included in '']'' until ] separated it from that genus in 1828.


Some species are fragrant; '']'' produces vanilla-scented flowers.
The genera '']'', '']'' and '']'' were separated from ''Encyclia'', based on a morphological analysis (Higgins, 1997)

The plants have continuously growing rhizomes that eventually create a large mass. In the wild the plants shed the older pseudobulbs. In cultivation they may fail to split, so growers will divide them by hand to prevent the plants from forming unwieldy mounds. An exception is '']'', which does well in a mounded form and does not need to be divided.<ref name="ReferenceA"/>

==Taxonomy==
Cladistic research has shown that ''Encyclia'' ''sensu stricto'' is ]. This genus was originally included in '']'' until ] separated it in 1828.


The genus '''''Sulpitia''''' <Small>]</Small> is a ] of ''Encyclia''. The genera '']'', '']'' and '']'' were separated from ''Encyclia'' based on ] analysis.<ref name=hig>Higgins, W. E. (1997). A combined molecular phylogeny of ''Encyclia'' (Orchidaceae) and relationships within Laeliinae. ''Selbyana'' 24(2) 165–79.</ref> ''Sulpitia'' <Small>]</Small> is a ] of ''Encyclia''.


''Encyclia'' can ] with related genera. ''E. tampensis'' is often bred for its attractive hybrids.
There are a number of intergeneric hybrids with ''Encyclia''. Most intergeneric hybrids using ''Encyclia'' species used the Genus ''Epidendrum'' for naming. This has recently changed.


== Species ==
'']'' (Lindl.) Small, is the common "Butterfly Orchid" of peninsular Florida. It also occurs in the Bahamas & Cuba. It has an unusual beauty and has proven to be of exceptional value in orchid hybridizing.
See ].


Unplaced species include ''Encyclia amicta'', syn. '']''.<ref name=POWO_631319-1>{{Cite POWO|title=''Epidendrum amictum'' Linden & Rchb.f..|id=631319-1|access-date=2023-12-08|mode=cs1}}</ref>
==List of species==
{{Cleanup-section|date=March 2009}}


== References ==
*'']''
{{Reflist}}
*'']''
*'']'' ] 1935
*'']'' ] & ] 1971.
*'']''
*'']'' - islas Turks y Caicos
*'']'' (]) Dressler 1971.
*'']'' (]) ] 1914
*'']'' (] & ]) ] 1919
*'']'' (]) ]
*'']'' (Lindl.) Schltr. 1918
*'']'' Dressler & G.E.Pollard 1974
*'']'' (]) Schltr. 1918
*'']'' (Campacci) ]
*'']'' (]) Schltr. ex ] 1930
*'']''
*'']'' (]) ]
*'']'' (Lindl.) Schltr. 1914
*'']'' ] 1977
*'']'' Islas Turks y Caicos
*'']'' (Lindl.) Schltr. 1919
*'']'' ] 1992
*'']'' ] & ] 1994
*'']'' (]) ]
*'']'' (] & ]) ]
*'']'' (]) W.E.Higgins
*'']''
*'']'' (] & ]) ] & ]
*'']'' (]) Carnevali & I.Ramírez 1993
*'']''
*'']'' (]) ] 1985
*'']'' (Lindl.) Schltr. 1918
*'']'' (Jacq.) Schltr. 1919
*'']''
*'']''
*'']''
*'']'' ] 1996
*'']'' ]
*'']'' (] ) ] 1991
*'']'' (]) W.E.Higgins
*'']'' ] & Schltr. 1926
*'']'' (Lindl.) ] & ] 1935
*'']''
*'']'' (]) W.E.Higgins
*'']'' (Lindl.) ] & ] 1920
*'']'' (Rchb.f.) Porto & Brade 1986
*'']''
*'']'' (Lindl.) Schltr. 1915
*'']''
*'']'' Dressler & Pollard 1971
*'']'' (]) ]
*'']'' (Lindl.) Schltr. 1914
*'']''
*'']'' - Islas Turks y Caicos
*'']''
*'']'' (Lindl.) Schltr. 1914.
*'']'' (Rchb.f.) ] 1986
*'']'' (]) W.E.Higgins
*'']'' (Fowlie & Withner) Hágsater 1973.
*'']'' (]) ] 1994.
*'']'' ] & Campacci 1998.
*'']'' (Carnevali & ]) W.E.Higgins
*'']''
*'']'' (Lindl.) W.E.Higgins
*'']'' (]) Schltr. 1914
*'']'' Dressler & ] 1974
*'']''
*'']'' (]) W.E.Higgins
*'']'' (Schltr.) ] & ]
*'']'' (]) Porto & Brade 1935
*'']'' (Rchb.f.) Schltr. 1918
*'']''
*'']'' (Rchb. f.) ] 1952
*'']'' (]) W.E.Higgins
*'']'' (]) Schltr. 1914
*'']'' Dodson 1977
*'']'' (]) ] 1939
*'']'' (Ames) W.E.Higgins
*'']'' ( Lindl. ) W.E.Higgins
*'']'' (Ames, ] & ]) Hágsater & Stermitz 1983
*'']'' (Lindl.) Schltr. 1914
*'']''
*'']'' (]) Schltr. 1914
*'']''
*'']'' (]) ] 1998
*'']'' (]) ] & ]
*'']'' ] 1830
*'']'' (] ) ] & Brade 1935
*'']''
*'']''
*'']'' ] & ] 1920
*'']'' (]) ] & ] 1971
*'']'' (]) Dressler 1961
*'']''
*'']'' (]) Dressler & ] 1971
*'']'' (Rchb.f.) W.E.Higgins
*'']'' (]) W.E.Higgins
*'']'' (Lindl.) Schltr. 1914.
*'']'' ] & ] Withner 2000
*'']''
*'']''
*'']''
*'']'' Islas Turks y Caicos
*'']'' Pabst 1976
*'']'' (] ex Lindl.) Schltr. 1914
*'']''
*'']'' (Rchb.f.) Schltr. 1924
*'']'' L.C.Menezes 1991
*'']''
*'']'' Dressler 1971
*'']'' (] & ]) Dressler 1961
*'']'' (]) W.E.Higgins
*'']''
*'']'' ] ex ]
*'']''
*'']'' (Rchb. f.) Acuña 1939.
*'']''
*'']''
*'']'' (Bateman) W.E.Higgins
*'']''
*'']''
*'']''
*'']''
*'']'' (]) ] & ] 1935


== Further reading ==
==References==
* {{cite book | title=The South American ''Encyclia'' species | volume=6 | series=The Cattleyas and Their Relatives | first=C. L. | last=Withner | publisher=Timber Press | year=2000 | isbn=0-88192-436-9 }}
* Wesley E. Higgins, Cássio van den Berg, and W. Mark Whitten ''A Combined Molecular Phylogeny of Encyclia (Orchidaceae) and Relationships within Laeliinae'' Selbyana Vol. 24, No. 2, pp.&nbsp;165–179.


== External links ==
{{commons-inline|Encyclia}}
* {{Commons-inline|italic=1}}
* {{Wikispecies-inline|Encyclia|''Encyclia''}}


{{Taxonbar|from=Q133786}}
]
{{Authority control}}
]


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]
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Latest revision as of 22:34, 25 December 2024

Genus of orchids
Encyclia is also a Greek term for the Codex Encyclius

Encyclia
Encyclia ceratistes
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Asparagales
Family: Orchidaceae
Subfamily: Epidendroideae
Tribe: Epidendreae
Subtribe: Laeliinae
Genus: Encyclia
Hook.
Type species
Encyclia viridiflora
Hook.
Bot. Mag. 55: t. 2831 (1828)
Species

See List of Encyclia species and hybrids

Synonyms
  • Doxosma Raf.
  • Sulpitia Raf.

Encyclia is a genus of orchids. The genus name comes from Greek enkykleomai ("to encircle"), referring to the lateral lobes of the lip which encircle the column. It is abbreviated as E. in the horticultural trade.

Biology

The epiphytic genus Encyclia occurs in Florida, the Caribbean, Mexico, and other regions of the tropical Americas. It grows in lowland forests at altitudes up to 1000 meters. The distribution of the species is more or less evenly spread throughout this area. Most of these species are found in seasonally dry forests where the humidity tends to remain high throughout the year, though precipitation is infrequent, sometimes lacking for months. They are most common in dry oak forests.

Most species have stiff, drought-resistant leaves and large onion-shaped pseudobulbs. The flowers arise from an apical inflorescence. This genus is pollinated by bees and birds. There are normally eight pollinia, but in some subgroups this is reduced to four. One species, Encyclia cyperifolia, produces cylindrical, terete leaves.

Cultivation

Many species in this genus are cultivated as ornamental plants. The flowers may last over a month. They are easily overwatered and require only a periodic misting during the winter.

Some species are fragrant; Encyclia fragrans produces vanilla-scented flowers.

The plants have continuously growing rhizomes that eventually create a large mass. In the wild the plants shed the older pseudobulbs. In cultivation they may fail to split, so growers will divide them by hand to prevent the plants from forming unwieldy mounds. An exception is Encyclia tampensis, which does well in a mounded form and does not need to be divided.

Taxonomy

Cladistic research has shown that Encyclia sensu stricto is monophyletic. This genus was originally included in Epidendrum until William Jackson Hooker separated it in 1828.

The genera Euchile, Prosthechea and Dinema were separated from Encyclia based on morphological analysis. Sulpitia Raf. is a synonym of Encyclia.

Encyclia can hybridize with related genera. E. tampensis is often bred for its attractive hybrids.

Species

See List of Encyclia species.

Unplaced species include Encyclia amicta, syn. Epidendrum amictum.

References

  1. Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
  2. Alphabetical List of Standard Abbreviations for Natural and Hybrid Generic Names, Royal Horticultural Society, 2017. https://www.rhs.org.uk/plants/pdfs/plant-registration-forms/orchid-name-abbreviations-list.pdf
  3. ^ Dressler, R. L. The Orchids, Natural History and Classification. ISBN 0-674-87526-5
  4. ^ Illustrated Encyclopedia of Orchids. ISBN 0-88192-267-6
  5. Higgins, W. E. (1997). A combined molecular phylogeny of Encyclia (Orchidaceae) and relationships within Laeliinae. Selbyana 24(2) 165–79.
  6. "Epidendrum amictum Linden & Rchb.f." Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 2023-12-08.

Further reading

  • Withner, C. L. (2000). The South American Encyclia species. The Cattleyas and Their Relatives. Vol. 6. Timber Press. ISBN 0-88192-436-9.

External links

Taxon identifiers
Encyclia
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