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{{Short description|Islamic historian and geographer (1160–1232/3)}} |
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{{Infobox_Philosopher | |
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{{for|other members of the family|Ibn Athir}} |
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{{Infobox religious biography |
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region = Persian scholar| |
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| era = ] |
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era = Medieval era| |
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| image = |
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color = #B0C4DE | |
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| name = '''Izz ad-Dīn Abū al-Hasan Ibn al-Athīr''' |
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| title = ]<br/>Izz ad-Din |
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| religion = ] |
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| birth_date = May 12, 1160 CE, Jazirat Ibn Umar, present-day ], ] |
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image_name = - | |
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| death_date = {{AH|630|1233}}, ], ]<ref></ref> |
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| denomination = ] |
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| jurisprudence = ]<ref>{{cite book |last1=Majd al-Din al-Mubarak bin Muhammad |first1=Ibn al-Athir al-Jazari |authorlink= |title=الشافي شرح مسند الشافعي 1-3 ج3 | publisher=Dar Al-Kotob Al-Ilmiyah| date= |isbn= |page=612}}</ref> |
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| creed = ]<ref>{{cite book|editor1=Nevin Reda|editor2=Yasmin Amin|title=Islamic Interpretive Tradition and Gender Justice: Processes of Canonization Subversion and Change|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ht3oDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA247|date=2020|publisher=]|isbn=9780228002963|page=247|quote='Ali ibn al-Athir 106 The Sunni historian and Ash'ari theologian Abū al-Hasan 'Izz al-Dīn 'Alī ibn Muhammad ibn 'Abd al-Karīm ibn 'Abd al-Wāhid al-Jazarī al-Shaybānī was born in ] (Turkey) in 555/1160 and was of Arab descent.}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author='Abd Allah ibn Muhammad ibn al-Tahir|url=https://www.arrabita.ma/blog/دور-أبي-ذر-الهروي-في-نشر-الأشعرية-بالمغ/|title=دور أبي ذر الهروي في نشر الأشعرية بالمغرب|language=ar|trans-title=The role of Abu Dharr al-Harawi in the spread of Ash'ari theology in Morocco|publisher=] (al-Rabita al-Muhammadiyya lil-'Ulamā' in Morocco)|archive-url=https://archive.today/20230413032508/https://www.arrabita.ma/blog/%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1-%D8%A3%D8%A8%D9%8A-%D8%B0%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%8A-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D9%86%D8%B4%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B4%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%BA/|archive-date=13 Apr 2023}}</ref> |
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name = '''Izz ad-Dīn Hassan Athīr''' | |
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birth = ] CE, ] in Northern ], ] | |
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death = ] CE | |
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| main_interests = ], ] |
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birthplace = | |
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| works = <small>] and ] </small> |
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deathplace = | |
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| influences = ]<br/>]<br/>] |
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school_tradition = ]| |
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main_interests = ] | |
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influences = - | |
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{{Ash'arism}} |
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'''Abū al-Ḥasan ʿAlī ibn Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad ash-Shaybānī''', better known as '''ʿAlī ʿIzz ad-] Ibn al-Athīr al-Jazarī''' ({{langx|ar|علي عز الدین بن الاثیر الجزري}}; 1160–1233) was a ] expert, ], and ] who wrote in ] and was from the ] family.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Andersson |first1=Tobias |authorlink= |title=Early Sunnī Historiography A Study of the Tārīkh of Khalīfa B. Khayyāṭ | publisher=]| date=16 October 2018 |isbn=9789004383173 |page=62}}</ref> At the age of twenty-one he settled with his father in Mosul to continue his studies, where he devoted himself to the study of history and Islamic tradition. |
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== Biography == |
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'''Izz ad-Dīn Hassan Karam pour Athīr''' (]–]), was a ] ]/] historian born in ] in Northern ] province. |
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Ibn al-Athir belonged to the Shayban lineage<ref>Kamaruzaman, A.F., Jamaludin, N., Fadzil, A.F.M., 2015. . Asian Social Science 11(23).</ref> of the large and influential ] tribe ],<ref>{{cite journal | url=https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/oi/authority.20111003122307511 | title=Ibn al-Athīr }}</ref><ref>Donner, Fred McGraw. “The Bakr B. Wā'il Tribes and Politics in Northeastern Arabia on the Eve of Islam.” Studia Islamica, no. 51, 1980, pp. 5–38. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/1595370.</ref> who lived across upper ], and gave their name to the city of ].<ref>Trudy Ring, Noelle Watson, Paul Schellinger. 1995. International Dictionary of Historic Places. Vol. 3 Southern Europe. Routledge. P 190.</ref><ref>Canard, M., Cahen, Cl., Yinanç, Mükrimin H., and Sourdel-Thomine, J. ‘’. Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. Ed. P. Bearman et al. Brill Reference Online. Web. 16 Nov. 2019. Accessed on 16 November 2019.</ref><ref>a. ''Historiography of the Ayyubid and Mamluk epochs'', Donald P. Little, '''The Cambridge History of Egypt''', Vol.1, ed. M. W. Daly, Carl F. Petry, (Cambridge University Press, 1998), 415.<br/>b. ''Ibn al-Athir'', '''The A to Z of Islam''', ed. Ludwig W. Adamec, (Scarecrow Press, 2009), 135.<br/>c. Peter Partner, ''God of Battles: Holy wars of Christianity and Islam'', (Princeton University Press, 1997), 96.<br/>d. ''Venice and the Turks'', Jean-Claude Hocquet, '''Venice and the Islamic world: 828–1797''', edited by Stefano Carboni, (Editions Gallimard, 2006), 35 n17.<br/>e. Marc Ferro, ''Colonization: A Global History'', (Routledge, 1997), 6.<br/>f. Martin Sicker, ''The Islamic World in Ascendancy: From the Arab Conquests to the Siege of Vienna'', (Praeger Publishers, 2000), 69.</ref> He is also described to have been of ] origin.<ref>1. Philip G. Kreyenbroek , Oral Literature of Iranian Languages <br/> |
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2. Yasir Suleiman, "Language and identity in the Middle East and North Africa", Curzon Press, 1996, {{ISBN|0700704108}}, ''Ibn al-Athir, (d.1233), a Kurdish historian and biographer...''</ref> |
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He was the brother of ] and Diyā' ad-Dīn Ibn Athir. Al-Athir lived a scholarly life in ], often visited ] and for a time traveled with ]'s army in ]. He later lived in ] and ]. His chief work was a history of the world, ''al-Kamil fi at-Tarikh'' ('']''). |
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His ''al-Kāmil fī-t-Ta'rīkh'', composed in ca. ], is one of the most important Islamic historical works. |
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==The Rus== |
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== Death == |
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{{Main|Tomb of the Girl}} |
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Ibn Athir\s depiction of the ] is not primarily ethnological, and not dealing with particular customs or detailed geography. Rather, he accounts for the military significance of the Rūs as a people who raided the ] region and, importantly, who served the ] as ]. Several references to the Rūs in the ''Kāmil'' are connected with Byzantine military operations. The strategic significance of the ]s was recognized by the Arabs as early as the time of ] (ca. ]–]), who had described the Rūs as "two kinds of Byzantines" (''jinsān min ar-Rūmī''). |
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Ibn al-Athir died in 1232/1233, and was buried in a cemetery in Mosul, at the district of Bab Sinjar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=عز الدين بن الاثير وقبر البنت |url=https://omferas.com/vb/t38540/ |access-date=2023-11-21 |website=omferas.com}}</ref> His tomb was built in the 20th century and was located in the middle of a road, after the cemetery was cleared for modernization.<ref>{{Cite web |title=عز الدين بن الاثير وقبر البنت |url=https://omferas.com/vb/t38540/ |access-date=2023-11-21 |website=omferas.com}}</ref> It became a site of an erroneous legend, which identified it as a tomb of a female mystic.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-11-21 |title=قبر البنت في باب سنجارفي الموصل |url=https://baretly.net/index.php?PHPSESSID=9bdba34bed758e31a2b338760d263317&topic=30569.0 |access-date=2023-11-21 |website=منتديات برطلي |language=en-US}}</ref> However, the government later installed a marble ] to indicate that it was Ibn al-Athir's tomb.<ref>{{Cite web |title=الموصل بعد 150 عاماً ! |url=https://almadapaper.net//view.php?cat=109633 |access-date=2023-11-21 |website=almadapaper.net| date=20 July 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=عز الدين بن الاثير وقبر البنت |url=https://omferas.com/vb/t38540/ |access-date=2023-11-21 |website=omferas.com}}</ref> His tomb was also regarded in local ] folklore as being the grave of a girl who married the ] but died of poisoning.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-11-21 |title=قبر البنت في باب سنجارفي الموصل |url=https://baretly.net/index.php?PHPSESSID=5f7b6b63bae02eaeac8b7830d9483e69&topic=30569.0 |access-date=2023-11-21 |website=منتديات برطلي |language=en-US}}</ref> |
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The tomb of Ibn al-Athir was bulldozed by members of the ] (ISIL) in June 2014.<ref>Isra' al-Rubei'i. "Iraqi forces ready push after Obama offers advisers." ''Reuters'', June 20, 2014.</ref> |
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The first reference in the ''Kāmil'' to the Rūs are two entries for the year ] referring to a raid of the Rūs in the Caucasus. The second entry concerns Rūs participation in the ] of ]. |
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== Works == |
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* '']'' (الكامل في التاريخ): "]"; 11 volumes<ref></ref> |
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* '']'': "The Lions of the Forest and the knowledge about the Companions" |
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* ''Jami' al-Usul fi Ahadeth ar-Rasul'', a massive collection of Hadith (14 large volumes).<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.sifatusafwa.com/en/classical-collections-of-hadeeth/jami-al-usul-fi-ahadeth-ar-rasul-ibn-athir-tahqiq-al-arnaout.html|title=JAMI' AL-USUL FI AHADETH AR-RASUL - IBN ATHIR (TAHQIQ AL-ARNAOUT)|website=sifatusafwa.com}}</ref> |
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* '' n-Nihayatu fi Gharib al-Hadith wa al-Athar'', a classical work on Gharib branch of Hadith terminology where ] said: "This is the best books of rare terms (ghareeb), the most complete, best known and most widely used."<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.sifatusafwa.com/en/hadith-collections-explanations/an-nihaayatu-fi-ghareebi-al-hadeeth-wa-al-athar-ibn-atheer.html#/33-edition-edition_1|title=AN-NIHAYATU FI GHARIB AL-HADITH WA AL-ATHAR - IBN ATHIR|website=sifatusafwa.com}}</ref> |
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* ''Al-Qawl al-Jamil fi 'Ilm al-Jarh wa at-Ta'dil'' |
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* ''Al-Tārīkh al-bāhir fī al-Dawlah al-Atābakīyah bi-al-Mawṣil'' |
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* ''Al-Lubāb fī tahdhīb al-ansāb'' |
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==See also== |
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== See also == |
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* ] |
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== Notes == |
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{{historian-stub}} |
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{{Reflist|30em}} |
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==External links== |
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== External links == |
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{{wikiquote}} |
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* by William E. Watson from Canadian/American Slavic Studies |
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{{wikisourcelang|ar|مؤلف:ابن الأثير|Ibn al-Athir}} |
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* by William E. Watson from Canadian/American Slavic Studies |
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* https://web.archive.org/web/20060708214517/http://www.lib.umich.edu/area/Near.East/islhist.html |
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* http://www.bogvaerker.dk/Bookwright/rijal.html |
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* , Encyclopaedia of Islam. |
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{{Arabic historians}} |
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] |
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{{Shafi'i scholars}} |
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{{Ash'ari}} |
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{{Authority control}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Al-Athir, Ali Ibn}} |
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Ibn al-Athir died in 1232/1233, and was buried in a cemetery in Mosul, at the district of Bab Sinjar. His tomb was built in the 20th century and was located in the middle of a road, after the cemetery was cleared for modernization. It became a site of an erroneous legend, which identified it as a tomb of a female mystic. However, the government later installed a marble stele to indicate that it was Ibn al-Athir's tomb. His tomb was also regarded in local Yazidi folklore as being the grave of a girl who married the Emir of Mosul but died of poisoning.
