Misplaced Pages

Latest revision as of 15:00, 22 January 2025

Bulgari S.p.A.

[REDACTED]
Headquarters in Rome
Company type	Private società per azioni
Industry	Retail
Founded	1884; 141 years ago (1884)
Founder	Sotirios Voulgaris
Headquarters	Rome, Italy
Key people	Paolo Bulgari (chairman) Jean-Christophe Babin (CEO)
Products	Jewellery watches accessories fragrances cosmetics hotels
Revenue	€1.069 billion (2010)
Operating income	€85.3 million (2010)
Net income	€38.0 million (2010)
Total assets	€1.490 billion (end 2010)
Total equity	€934.0 million (end 2010)
Owner	LVMH
Number of employees	3,815 (end 2010)
Website	www.bulgari.com

Bulgari (/ˈbʊlɡəri/, Italian: [ˈbulɡari]; stylized as BVLGARI) is an Italian luxury fashion house founded in 1884 and known for its jewellery, watches, fragrances, accessories, and leather goods. Headquartered in Rome, the company was acquired by the French conglomerate LVMH in 2011, thus becoming one of the latter's subsidiaries.

The silversmith and founder of the company Sotirios Voulgaris (Greek: Σωτήριος Βούλγαρης, Italian: Sotirio Bulgari) began his career as a jewellery vendor at his family's shop in Ottoman Epirus (now in Greece). During the 1880s, the family moved to Rome, where in 1884 Sotirios launched his company. Over the years, Bulgari become an international brand, evolving into a notable player in the luxury market, with an established network of stores worldwide. While the majority of design, production and marketing is overseen and executed by Bulgari, the company does, at times, partner with other entities. For example, Bulgari eyewear is produced through a licensing agreement with Luxottica, and Bulgari formed a joint venture with Marriott International in 2001 to launch its hotel brand, Bulgari Hotels & Resorts, a collection of properties and resort destinations around the world.

Logo

The trademark of the company, usually written BVLGARI in the classical Latin alphabet, is derived from the surname of the company's founder, Sotirios Voulgaris (Greek: Σωτήριος Βούλγαρης, pronounced [soˈtiri.os ˈvulɣaris]; 1857–1932).

The BVLGARI logo was used for the first time in 1934, when its gilded brass letters graced the central doorway of the Via Condotti flagship store. In reference to ancient Rome, the "U" was replaced with the letter "V". Since then, the trademark is stylized BVLGARI in the classical Latin alphabet.

History

From its origins through the 1940s

The Voulgaris were a silversmithing family from the Ottoman-ruled village of Paramythia, Epirus (now part of Greece). Whether or not they share the same paternal line with the Voulgaris family of Corfu is unclear, but Count Stefanos Voulgaris denied that the two are genealogically related. According to chronicles of the Voulgaris family written in Venetian Corfu, the Voulgaris family of Saint Spyridon of Corfu descended from the royal figures of "barbarian" peoples who settled in Moesia near the Balkan – Haemus mountains, located in Bulgaria", including Prince Stefan Lazarević and Khan Tervel, "kings of the Triballi, in the 16th century testament of the family, becoming such by taking refugee in the Venetian island Corfu.

The founder of the Bulgari brand was Sotirios Voulgaris (Σωτήριος Βούλγαρης), who was born in Paramythia, in March 1857; he originated from the Aromanian village of Kalarrytes, which was the largest center for silversmithing in the Balkans. He was one of eleven children of Georgios Voulgaris (1823–1889) and his Vlachophone Greek mother Eleni Strouggari. In 1881, Sotirios and his family moved to Rome, where in 1884 he opened his second jewellery store on via Sistina 85 (their first shop in Naples closed after burglaries). In 1888, he married Aromanian Eleni Basio, with whom he had six children: Constantine-Georgios (1889–1973), Leonidas-Georgios (1890–1966), Maria-Athena (1891–1976), Sofia (1893–1908), Alexandra (1895–1984) and Spyridon (1897–1932); Leonidas-Georgios is the father of the current chairman of the company, Paolo Bulgari. In 1905, he unveiled the Via Condotti shop that would become the company's flagship. In its early years, Bulgari was known for silver pieces that borrowed elements from Byzantine and Islamic art, combining them with floral motifs. At the time, Paris was the apex of fashion and creativity, and its trends influenced Sotirio's designs for decades: jewels of the early '20s were characterised by platinum Art Deco settings while those of the '30s featured geometric diamond motifs—sometimes set in combination with coloured gemstones. Convertible jewels were also popular during the time, and one of Bulgari's major pieces was the Trombino, a small trumpet-shaped ring.

In 1932 Sotirio died, leaving the business to his two sons, Giorgio (1890–1966) and Costantino (1889–1973), who each had a keen interest in precious stones and jewels. During the Second World War, most new jewellery was crafted out of gold, as gems were scarce, and designs became more naturalistic. As the 1940s came to a close, Bulgari introduced Serpenti bracelet-watches.

1950s and 1960s: Colour revolution and Dolce Vita

In the 1950s, some of Bulgari's best-known clients included Elizabeth Taylor, Anna Magnani, Ingrid Bergman and Gina Lollobrigida as Rome earned a reputation as "Hollywood on the Tiber" with the Cinecittà studios.

At the same time, Bulgari went to a new style. The post-war boom saw a return to precious materials, particularly white metals covered in diamonds. In the 1950s, Bulgari launched its first floral brooches—called en tremblant because of their trembling diamond corollas. At the end of the 1950s, Bulgari began to establish its motifs, introducing structured, symmetrical shapes in yellow gold set with brilliant gems—chosen for their colour rather than intrinsic value. Among these multi-hued jewels, cabochon cuts were another innovation. These new pieces were a significant departure from classical Parisian design.

As one of the pioneers in using vibrant colored gemstones, Bulgari further demonstrated its craftsmanship in the 1960s with intricate designs like the Serpenti collection, where colorful enamel and stones, including rubies and diamonds, were meticulously fitted into the serpent's scales to create a vibrant and detailed finish.

After Giorgio's death in 1966, his son Gianni led the company as co-chief executive with his cousin Marina. Designer and heir to the jewelry legacy, Marina Bulgari, also known as Marina B, passed away on 14 February 2024 in Rome, at the age of 93.

1970s: Eclectic creativity and global expansion

During the 1970s, Bulgari stores opened in New York, Geneva, Monte Carlo and Paris. This era marks the beginning of the Group's international expansion, with Gianni as chairman and CEO. A number of new motifs made their debut as well—jewels became recognisable for their angular forms, strong colours, oval elements with cabochons, chains and maxi sautoirs, whilst the predominant use of yellow gold made precious pieces feel all the more wearable, and became known as a Bulgari trademark. In 1977, Bulgari entered the world of horlogerie with the launch of the BVLGARI BVLGARI watch. At the time, Gianni led a complete overhaul of the company, focusing on product design.

1980s: Prêt-à-porter jewellery

In the early 1980s, to oversee all production of Bulgari watches, Bulgari Time was founded in Switzerland. In 1984, Paolo and Nicola Bulgari, Giorgio's sons, became chairman and vice-chairman, respectively, while their nephew, Francesco Trapani, became chief executive officer. In 1985, Gianni resigned as CEO and in 1987, he left the family business after selling his one-third stake in the company to his brothers Nicola and Paolo.

From the 1990s to the new millennium

Bulgari diversified its brand in 1993 with the launch of its first fragrance, Eau Parfumée au The Vert and the founding of Bulgari Parfums in Switzerland to oversee the creation and production of all perfumes. In 1995, Bulgari pushed ahead with an aggressive programme for growth, becoming listed on the Milan Stock Exchange for the first time. In 1996, the brand launched its first accessories collection, beginning with silk scarves before developing a range of leather accessories and eyewear. In 1999, the brand launched the B.zero1 ring.

The company has seen 150% revenue growth between 1997 and 2003. Bvlgari continues to build up many brands which has made them one of the most profitable luxury brands in the jewelry industry.

21st century

The year 2000 was the beginning of an increasingly aggressive period of verticalization for Bulgari, with the acquisition of the luxury watchmaking brands Daniel Roth and Gérald Genta, followed by the takeover of the jewellery firm Crova and of other companies that specialised in leather goods and watchmaking. The opening of the first Bulgari Hotel in Milan in 2004 further confirmed the expansion strategy of the brand, and was the result of a joint venture with Luxury Group, a division of Marriott International. In 2009, Bulgari celebrated its 125th anniversary with a retrospective of the brand's history, held in Rome at Palazzo delle Esposizioni. That same year, the snake—a motif that appeared in Bulgari collections from the 1960s—re-emerged as the emblem of the Serpenti collection.

In 2011, Bulgari signed a strategic alliance with LVMH Moet Hennessy Louis Vuitton SA, the world's leading luxury group. The agreement was based on a stock transfer of the Bulgari family's shares in Bulgari S.p.A. to LVMH, an all-share deal for €4.3 billion ($6.0 billion). Under the deal, the Bulgari family sold their 50.4 per cent controlling stake in exchange for 3 per cent of LVMH, thereby becoming the second-biggest family shareholder behind the Arnaults in LVMH. The takeover doubled the size of LVMH's watches and jewellery unit, which at the time of the acquisition included Tag Heuer timepieces and De Beers diamond necklaces. The acquisition concluded on 4 October 2011 as Bulgari was delisted from the Borsa Italiana.

In 2014, Bulgari celebrated the 130th anniversary of the brand. To mark the occasion, the shop at Via Condotti 10 was "reimagined" by the architect Peter Marino, and reopened. On the same day, the brand donated €1.5 million to the city of Rome for the restoration of the Spanish Steps. A few months after the Grand Opening, the DOMVS was inaugurated in the redesigned Bulgari boutique, creating a gallery space to house of Bulgari's Heritage Collection.

In 2017, Bulgari opened a new jewellery manufacturing headquarters in Valenza. The largest in Europe, with a total area of 14,000 square metres (150,000 sq ft), the Manufacture has been given a Gold LEED (Leadership in Energy & Environmental Design) certification for sustainability in its design. The facility was built over the former home of the first goldsmith in Valenza, Francesco Caramora. The buildings follow the model of a Roman domus, and are built around a central courtyard.

In March 2024, the Bvlgari jewellery house officialized and announced the creation of the Fondazione Bvlgari, an institution that is an extension of the brand's founding values, particularly its commitment to safeguarding historical heritage.

Products

Jewellery

Bulgari's jewellery collections include B.zero1, Divas' Dream, Serpenti, BVLGARI BVLGARI, Parentesi, and a bridal line.

Watches

Bulgari's watch collections include Octo, BVLGARI BVLGARI, Diagono and Haute Horlogerie creations for men, and LVCEA, Serpenti, Divas' Dream, BVLGARI BVLGARI, B.zero1 and High Jewellery timepieces for women. It mixes Italian design and Swiss watchmaking. The company's Swiss subsidiary, Bulgari Haute Horlogerie SA, is responsible for Bulgari's watch production. It was founded in 1980 and is headquartered in Neuchâtel. Bulgari Haute Horlogerie SA employs about 500 people.

Fragrances

Fragrances include Goldea, Splendida and Omnia for women, BVLGARI Man, Aqua, the Classics, and Blv Pour Homme for men, as well as BVLGARI Le Gemme and Eau Parfumée.

Accessories and leather goods

The creation of Bulgari accessories and leather goods is handled in the Bulgari atelier in Florence, and twice a year presents its collections at Milan Fashion Week.

Bulgari hotels and resorts

In 2001, Bulgari formed a joint venture with The Ritz-Carlton Hotel Company, a hotel brand owned by Marriott International, to launch Bulgari Hotels & Resorts, a collection of hotels and resort destinations around the world. Their distinctive settings and Italian design by the architectural firm Antonio Citterio-Patricia Viel characterise the properties of Bulgari Hotel Group.

Although operated by The Ritz-Carlton Company, Bulgari hotels and resorts do not participate in the Marriott Bonvoy loyalty program, meaning guests can neither earn nor redeem points for free bookings. It is currently the only Marriott brand to practice this policy, following the inclusion of The Ritz-Carlton Reserve properties to the program in April 2022.

Accommodations

Historical

From 2015

Properties

Shops

Bulgari has about 300 stores. The largest is the 10-storey Bulgari Ginza Tower in Tokyo, 940 square metres (10,100 sq ft) of retail floor space, including a restaurant and lounge bar.

North American Bulgari boutiques (41 in the US) and distributors are found in Bal Harbour, Beverly Hills, Cabo San Lucas, Chicago, Costa Mesa, Honolulu, Houston, King of Prussia, Las Vegas (4 stores), Los Angeles, New York, Mexico City, Montreal, Orlando, Palm Beach, San Antonio, San Francisco, San Jose, San Juan, The Mall at Short Hills, Scottsdale, Toronto, Vail and Washington D.C.

South American Bulgari distributors are found in Bogotá, Lima, Margarita Island, Quito and São Paulo.

Partnership with Save the Children

In 2009, Bulgari began a partnership with Save the Children, including a co-branded jewellery collection, of which a portion of the proceeds goes to the charity. As of 2018, Bulgari's contribution has totalled $80 million.

Bulgari Art Award

The Bulgari Art Award is an annual art award in partnership with the Art Gallery of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia. Sponsored by Bulgari, the $50,000 acquisitive cash award plus $30,000 residency in Italy is presented to mid-career Australian artists.

The winners include:

• 2012 – Michael Zavros
• 2013 – Jon Cattapan
• 2014 – Daniel Boyd
• 2015 – Ildiko Kovacs
• 2016 – Jude Rae
• 2017 – Tomislav Nikolic
• 2019 – Nusra Latif Qureshi

References

1. ^ "Annual Report 2010" (PDF). Bulgari. Archived (PDF) from the original on 24 March 2012. Retrieved 19 May 2011.
2. Wells, John C. (2008). Longman Pronunciation Dictionary (3rd ed.). Longman. ISBN 978-1-4058-8118-0.
3. ^ "Sotirios Voulgaris: the Greek behind Bulgari – NEO Magazine". Retrieved 3 November 2024.
4. "Head of Italian luxury goods firm says new hotel venture will boost profits". CNN. 13 February 2011. Archived from the original on 11 April 2023. Retrieved 3 August 2020.
5. ^ "Fashion Brands: Bulgari". The Fashion Model Directory. Archived from the original on 21 January 2022. Retrieved 1 December 2021.
6. "The Bulgari logo". Museo Del Marchio Italiano. Archived from the original on 14 June 2021. Retrieved 19 July 2018.
7. ^ Triossi, Amanda; Mascetti, Daniela (2009). BVLGARI. Milan: Electa. pp. 9–17. ISBN 978-8-8370-6492-1.
8. ^ ""Булгари" да се наричам първа радост е за мене" [To be called "Bulgarian" is my first joy]. Trud. Archived from the original on 27 April 2016. Retrieved 1 December 2021.
9. ""Булгари" да се наричам първа радост е за мене - trud.bg". Archived from the original on 27 April 2016.
10. Stefanos Konstantinos, Voulgaris (April 2010). Ek Voulgareōn: hena oikogeneiako chroniko: plērophories gia tē mesaiōnikē Valkanikē [From the Bulgarians: An anecdotal family chronicle: Information on the medieval Balkans]. Bookstore of "Estia", I.D. Collarou & Sias. ISBN 978-9-6005-1321-9.
11. Danova, Penka (2015). "Le fonti della cronaca Bulgari" [Sources of the Bulgari Chronicle]. Études Balkaniques (in Italian) (2): 5–34.
12. "Βούλγαρης Γ. Σωτήριος "Ο κοσμηματοπώλης των βασιλέων"" [Voulgaris G. Sotirios "The jeweler of kings"]. Reporter (in Greek). 23 January 2014.
13. "From the origins". Bulgari. Archived from the original on 16 November 2018. Retrieved 19 July 2018.
14. Meylan, Vincent (2015). Roma Passion Jewels: Talking with Paolo and Nicola Bulgari. Milan: Mondadori Electa. ISBN 978-8-8918-0454-9.
15. "Bvlgari – A History of Italian Luxury and Elegance". DSF Antique Jewelry. Retrieved 11 October 2024.
16. Doerr, Sabrina (20 August 2015). "Bulgari's Beloved Serpenti: A Brief History". Quill & Pad. Retrieved 11 October 2024.
17. "Bulgari: the man, the enigma". The Age. Melbourne. 8 January 2007. Archived from the original on 25 August 2017. Retrieved 29 November 2012.
18. Bates, Rob (15 February 2024). "Acclaimed Designer Marina B Dies". www.jckonline.com.
19. "70 eclectic creativity". Bulgari. Archived from the original on 16 November 2018. Retrieved 23 July 2018.
20. "Gianni Bulgari". Enigma. Archived from the original on 11 January 2013.
21. "THE HISTORY OF BVLGARI". Swisstime. Archived from the original on 7 January 2019. Retrieved 24 July 2018.
22. "Bulgari S.p.A.". International Directory of Company Histories. Vol. 106. St. James Press. 2010.
23. "Bulgari To Acquire Gerald Genta And Daniel Roth". Federation of the Swiss watch industry. 5 July 2000.
24. "Bulgari Acquires 100% Of Crova". Diamonds. 3 January 2005.
25. "Bulgari. Tra Eternità E Storia. 125 Anni Di Gioelli Italiani" [Bulgari: Between Eternity and History. 125 Years of Italian Jewels]. Palazzo delle Esposizioni (in Italian). 22 May 2009. Archived from the original on 20 July 2024. Retrieved 11 July 2018.
26. Roberts, Andrew; Lachapelle, Tara (7 March 2011). "Bulgari Takeover 82% Costlier Than Hermes for LVMH: Real M&A". Bloomberg BusinessWeek. Archived from the original on 10 March 2011. Retrieved 1 December 2021.
27. Betts, Paul (7 March 2011). "Bulgari is new jewel in LVMH crown". Financial Times. London. Archived from the original on 1 January 2015.
28. "Bulgari's Spanish Steps donation a €1.5m 'gift' to the people of Rome". The Guardian. London. Agence France-Presse. 20 March 2014. Archived from the original on 20 July 2024. Retrieved 1 December 2021.
29. "Bulgari inaugura una Domus per collezioni storiche e gioielli delle star" [Bulgari inaugurates a "home" for historical collections and jewels of the stars]. Corriere della Sera. Milan. 24 October 2014. Archived from the original on 20 July 2024. Retrieved 1 December 2021.
30. "Maniffattura Bulgari". U.S. Green Building Council. 11 July 2017. Archived from the original on 20 July 2024. Retrieved 11 July 2018.
31. Beckett, Kathleen (30 March 2017). "Bulgari Creates a New Jewelry-Making Center". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 20 July 2024. Retrieved 9 August 2018.
32. "Bulgari annonce le lancement de sa Fondation". Journal du Luxe. 27 March 2024. Archived from the original on 20 July 2024. Retrieved 15 April 2024.
33. Ricci, Manfredi; Robins, Rebecca (26 April 2012). Meta-luxury, Brands and the Culture of Excellence. Palgrave Macmillan. p. PT91. ISBN 978-1-1370-0566-3. Archived from the original on 20 July 2024. Retrieved 2 December 2021.
34. "Bulgari Hotels Sees Unhurried Growth as a Way to Retain Its Cachet". Skift. 12 April 2023. Archived from the original on 20 July 2024. Retrieved 22 June 2023.
35. "2006 Annual Report". Marriott International. p. 20. Archived from the original on 20 July 2024. Retrieved 15 September 2020.
36. "2007 Annual Report". Marriott International. p. 26. Archived from the original on 20 July 2024. Retrieved 15 September 2020.
37. "2008 Annual Report". Marriott International. p. 22.
38. "2009 Annual Report". Marriott International. p. 19.
39. "2010 Annual Report". Marriott International. p. 18.
40. "2011 Annual Report". Marriott International. p. 19.
41. "2012 Annual Report". Marriott International. p. 22. Archived from the original on 20 July 2024. Retrieved 15 September 2020.
42. "2013 Annual Report". Marriott International. p. 20. Archived from the original on 20 July 2024. Retrieved 15 September 2020.
43. "2014 Annual Report". Marriott International. p. 17. Archived from the original on 20 July 2024. Retrieved 15 September 2020.
44. "2015 Annual Report". Marriott International. p. 5. Archived from the original on 20 July 2024. Retrieved 15 September 2020.
45. "2016 Annual Report". Marriott International. p. 7. Archived from the original on 7 November 2020. Retrieved 15 September 2020.
46. "2017 Annual Report". Marriott International. p. 7. Archived from the original on 5 December 2020. Retrieved 15 September 2020.
47. "2018 Annual Report". Marriott International. p. 6. Archived from the original on 17 September 2020. Retrieved 15 September 2020.
48. "2019 Annual Report". Marriott International. p. 6. Archived from the original on 3 November 2020. Retrieved 15 September 2020.
49. "2020 Annual Report". Marriott International. p. 8.
50. "2021 Annual Report". Marriott International. p. 6. Archived from the original on 20 July 2024. Retrieved 2 July 2023.
51. "2022 Annual Report". Marriott International. p. 6. Archived from the original on 20 July 2024. Retrieved 27 April 2024.
52. "2023 Annual Report". Marriott International. p. 6. Archived from the original on 21 April 2021. Retrieved 17 July 2022.
53. "Bulgari Hotel Beijing to Open on September 27". Luxury Travel Advisor. 8 August 2017. Archived from the original on 20 July 2024. Retrieved 23 July 2023.
54. "Bulgari to Open London Hotel in 2012". Women's Wear Daily. 14 February 2011. Archived from the original on 20 July 2024. Retrieved 23 July 2023.
55. "Bulgari's First Ever Hotel is An Impressive 58-room Establishment Aiming to be the Town Jewel". Official Bespoke. 19 January 2007. Archived from the original on 20 July 2024. Retrieved 23 July 2023.
56. "Bulgari Hotels Just Opened Their First Paris Outpost, and It's Just As Chic As You'd Expect". Travel + Leisure. 2 December 2021. Archived from the original on 20 July 2024. Retrieved 23 July 2023.
57. "Bulgari Inaugurates Luxury Hotel in Rome: A Historic Homecoming". Pursuitist. 11 June 2023. Archived from the original on 20 July 2024. Retrieved 23 July 2023.
58. "The Bvlgari Hotel Shanghai Opens". Luxury Travel Advisor. 2 July 2018. Archived from the original on 20 July 2024. Retrieved 23 July 2023.
59. "Bulgari Hotel Tokyo Opens". Hospitality Net. 5 April 2023.
60. "Bulgari Resort, Bali to Open in October 2006". Five Star Alliance. 31 May 2006. Archived from the original on 20 July 2024. Retrieved 23 July 2023.
61. "First Bulgari hotel in Dubai confirms opening date". Gulf Times. 31 October 2017. Archived from the original on 20 July 2024. Retrieved 23 July 2023.
62. "Find a Store". Bulgari. Retrieved 1 December 2021.
63. "Jewellery – Save The Children". Bulgari. Archived from the original on 20 July 2024. Retrieved 1 December 2021.
64. ^ "Bulgari Art Award". Art Gallery NSW. Retrieved 1 December 2021.
65. Harford, Sonia (12 April 2013). "Sweet win for artist seeking refuge in discards of modern life". The Age. Archived from the original on 20 July 2024. Retrieved 10 March 2022.
66. Blake, Elissa (27 April 2017). "Bulgari Art Award 2017: Tomislav Nikolic". Sydney Morning Herald. Archived from the original on 20 July 2024. Retrieved 1 September 2019.

v t e Marriott International
People	J. Willard Marriott (founder) Bill Marriott (Chairman & CEO)
Luxury	Ritz-Carlton St. Regis EDITION Hotels The Luxury Collection Bulgari Hotels & Resorts W Hotels JW Marriott
Full service	Marriott Hotels & Resorts Sheraton Delta Le Méridien Westin Autograph Collection Design Hotels Renaissance Tribute Portfolio Gaylord Hotels Protea Hotels AC Hotels Aloft MOXY Hotels
Focused service	Short-term lodging Courtyard Fairfield Four Points by Sheraton SpringHill Suites Extended-stay lodging Marriott Executive Apartments Residence Inn TownePlace Suites Element Hotels
Vacation ownership	Marriott Vacation Club Grand Residence Club Ritz-Carlton Destination Club
Related	List of Marriott hotels 2018 Marriott Hotels strike Marriott Bonvoy Marriott Vacations Worldwide
Hotels portal Marriott Corporation (1929–1993) Marriott International (1992–)

• Companies

• 1884 establishments in Italy
• Manufacturing companies of Italy
• Companies based in Rome
• Manufacturing companies established in 1884
• Retail companies established in 1984
• Fashion accessory brands
• High fashion brands
• Hospitality companies of Italy
• Italian jewellers
• Jewellery companies of Italy
• Jewellery retailers of Italy
• Luxury brands
• Perfume houses
• Watch brands
• Watch manufacturing companies of Italy
• Eyewear brands of Italy
• LVMH brands