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{{Short description|Pashtun tribe}}
'''Marwat''' '''مروت''', a well known branch of ] tribe, are the direct descendents of Prince Shah Hussain of the house of Ghor (Afghanistan) and Bibi Mato (Daughter of Sheikh Baiten). The clan is named after 'Marwat', who was the great grandson of Ibrahim Lodhi or Lodi (second son of Prince Shah Hussain/Bib Mato and younger brother of Ghiji or Ghilzai). Their primary abode is District ] in the southern ] of ]. They are also settled in other places such as Tank and ] districts. Other tribes which live around them are ], Wazir, Betani, Mahsud, Banuchi, and ].
<!-- Deleted image removed: ] -->
The '''Marwat''' ({{langx|ps|مروت}}) is a ] tribe, a branch of the ]<ref name=pakistanreview1971>{{cite journal |year=1971 |title=War Ballads of West Pakistan |journal=The Pakistan Review |publisher=] |volume=19 |pages=10–11 |issn=0031-0077 }}</ref> tribe and belong to ] section. The Marwats were named for their ancestor Marwat Khan Lodi.<ref name=sher>Mohmand, Sher Muhammad, ''The Marwats''. p. 50-53</ref>


==Distribution==
Like other Pathans the Marwats are also divided into numerous Khels (families), the most important of which are:
They are located primarily in ], parts of ], ], ] and ] in Pakistan, and in the ] area of ], Afghanistan.


==History==
1. Musa Khel with sections Takhti Khel, Januzai and Pasanni
]
:''See also ]''
2. Achu Khel with sections Begu Khel, Isak Khel, and Ahmad Khel
3. Khadu Khel with sections Sikandar Khel, and Mammu Khel


Marwats, as well as other branches of Lohanis, lived in ] (located in the ] province) as well as Wana valley of South Waziristan. They had a long-standing dispute with ]s and other ], who had already forced other Lodi tribes to migrate en masse to India. In one of the decisive battles, in the mid-15th century, Lohanis were thoroughly defeated by the Ghilzais, and had to leave Katawaz to the latter. Lohanis and their ] cousins had to be content with just ] valley and surroundings.
4. Nawab Khel with Nar Muzzafar Khan
4. Bahram Khel with sections Umar Khan Khel and Totezai; the latter with sub-sections Tajazai, Dilkhozai, Ghazni Khel, and lastly Tappi.


The Marwat and other Lohanis expanded from ] further east, occupying large tracts of present-day ] and Tank, by defeating Prangi, Suri and Sarwani tribes. Marwats stayed in Waziristan while Daulat Khels and Taturs migrated to newly conquered Daman. The headman of Kati Khel (branch of Daulat Khel), then the chief of all Lohanis, agreed to give shares in the income from the lands of Daman to Marwats and Miankhels. In the late 16th century, or in the beginning of the 17th century, Wazirs issued from their homeland ] and encroached upon the territories of Marwats in the nowadays South ] (present day abodes of Ahmadzai Wazirs). Wazirs, with the aid of Mehsuds, defeated Marwats and Dotanis, the former were expelled while the latter was allowed to retain some lands in Wana. When the Marwats arrived in Daman to take possession of their lands, the Daulat Khel Lohanis opposed that. In the subsequent battle, the Daulat Khels were defeated by Marwats, and were expelled from Daman. The Daulat Khels sought the help of ], Babars and ], and this alliance was able to defeat the Marwats.<ref name="ReferenceA">"The Marwats" by Sher Muhammad Mohmand</ref><ref name="Bannu Gazetterr">Bannu Gazetterr</ref>
They speak softer ] which is very simlar to the Pashto spoken in Qandahar (Afghanistan) and Quetta (Pakistan).
⚫ == Present Day Notable Marwats ==
'''National Politics''':- Anwar Saifullah Khan (former Federal Minister), Salim Saifullah Khan (former Fderal/Provincial Minister), Kabir Khan (former Member Parliament)


The defeated Marwats stayed in Dara Pezu and surroundings for some time, until they got the invitation from a section of Niazis, who were settled in present-day ], to assist them in defeating the rival clan. Marwats turned against the Niazis. The ] clan first defeated the Marwat clan against whom they were hired and slaughtered them in great numbers. After the friendship with their brothers Marwats, Niazis fled towards ]. Somewhere between 1601 and 1607, Marwats had taken possession of all the 'Tal' tract.<ref name="ReferenceA"/>
'''Provincial Politics''':- Humayun Saifullah Khan (Former Provincial Minister and Current Nazim of District ]), Anwar Kamal Khan Minakhel (former Provincial Minister), Naseer Muhammad Khan Maidadkhel (former Memeber Provincial Assembly), Irfanullah Khan Marwat (Current Provincial Minister)


Marwats were nominally part of Mughal empire. After decline of Mughals, the area came under Durranis. Ahmad Shah Abdali didn't enforce taxes on Marwats but put the condition of providing contingents of Marwat warriors for his military campaigns. In the most important military campaign of Abdali, 120 Marwat horsemen accompanied him under their chief Begu Khan to India. Ahmad Shah's successor, Timur Shah Durrani, enforced Tax on Marwats.<ref name="Bannu Gazetterr"/>
'''Civil Society''':- Amir Nawaz Khan Advocate (former Federal Minister)


After the ], Marwats split into two factions, White and Black and fought each other for next 60 years. Taking advantage of their internal rift, Wazirs conquered some area from Marwats in the sandy tracts of the present day Bannu district. In 1819, Nawab of Mankera interested in the civil war of Marwats on the invitation of one party and later occupied the area for themselves. The weakened Marwats were unable to resist the occupation and thus Marwats lost the independence. Soon after, ] conquered ] and built a fort on the bank of river Gambila near Present day Lakki city. In 1847 Marwats rose in rebellion against the Sikhs but it was successfully suppressed by the latter.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pashtunhistory.com/2014/11/when-beat-of-battle-drums-of-marwats.html/|title=Resources and Information|website=www.pashtunhistory.com }}</ref> In ], Marwats provided great deal of help to British against the Sikhs. The relationship of some Marwat chiefs and British remained friendly for the most part, though some of Marwats joined ] movement and fought for Pashtun freedom against British India in the ].<ref name="ReferenceA"/>
'''Civil Services''':- Kalim Dil Khan (Pakistan Narcotics Control Board, Member FPSC) Dil Jan Khan (former IG Police/Federal Secertary/United Nations)


⚫ ==Notable Marwats==
'''Business''':- Malik Zainulabidin (Transport), Jawed Saifullah Khan (Telecommunication)
<!---♦♦♦ Please keep the list in alphabetical order by LAST NAME ♦♦♦--->

<!-- ♦♦♦ ONLY ADD A NAME TO THIS LIST IF THE PERSON ALREADY HAS AN ARTICLE ON THE ENGLISH[REDACTED] ♦♦♦-->
'''Academia''':- Sherin Jan Khan (former Director Education/Author)
* ], Pakistani Politician and former Senator

* ], acting ] (1977-1978)
'''Arts & Literature''':- Afgar Bughari (for Pushto Poetry), ] (for English Poetry/TV Play Writer)
* ], One of ] leading Generals playing a major role in the Victory of the ] against the ]
* ], Pakistani politician who is member of the National Assembly
<!-- ♦♦♦ ONLY ADD A NAME TO THIS LIST IF THE PERSON ALREADY HAS AN ARTICLE ON THE ENGLISH[REDACTED] ♦♦♦-->
<!---♦♦♦ Please keep the list in alphabetical order by LAST NAME ♦♦♦--->


== References ==
{{Reflist}}


==Further reading==
*], ''Nara Zheba (The Virile Language)'', (Nowshera: Kamil Pukhto Adabi Jirgah).
*], ''The Pathans : 550 B.C. – A.D. 1957'', (London: ]; New York: ], 1958). {{OCLC|32721857}}.
*Parvez Ahmad Khan, "The Bannu Valley (A Perspective)", ''Pakistan'', vol. 15 & 16. (Pakistan Study Centre, ], 1987)
*Sher Mohammad Khan Mohmand, ''The Marwats'', (Peshawar, 1999) {{oclc|62341253}}
*Haroon Rashid, ''History of the Pathans'' (Vol. III). (Islamabad, 2002) {{oclc|52853206}}


{{Pashtun tribes |state=expanded}}
{{Authority control}}


] ]
] ]
]
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Latest revision as of 08:12, 27 December 2024

Pashtun tribe

The Marwat (Pashto: مروت) is a Pashtun tribe, a branch of the Lohani tribe and belong to Lodi section. The Marwats were named for their ancestor Marwat Khan Lodi.

Distribution

They are located primarily in Lakki Marwat District, parts of Dera Ismail Khan District, Sara-e-Naurang Tehsil, Bannu District and Tank district in Pakistan, and in the Katawaz area of Paktika, Afghanistan.

History

Waziri and Marwat camel riders at Bannu (1913)
See also Bannu

Marwats, as well as other branches of Lohanis, lived in Zarghun Shar (located in the Paktika province) as well as Wana valley of South Waziristan. They had a long-standing dispute with Sulaiman Khels and other Ghilzais, who had already forced other Lodi tribes to migrate en masse to India. In one of the decisive battles, in the mid-15th century, Lohanis were thoroughly defeated by the Ghilzais, and had to leave Katawaz to the latter. Lohanis and their Dotani cousins had to be content with just Wana valley and surroundings.

The Marwat and other Lohanis expanded from Waziristan further east, occupying large tracts of present-day Dera Ismail Khan and Tank, by defeating Prangi, Suri and Sarwani tribes. Marwats stayed in Waziristan while Daulat Khels and Taturs migrated to newly conquered Daman. The headman of Kati Khel (branch of Daulat Khel), then the chief of all Lohanis, agreed to give shares in the income from the lands of Daman to Marwats and Miankhels. In the late 16th century, or in the beginning of the 17th century, Wazirs issued from their homeland Birmal and encroached upon the territories of Marwats in the nowadays South Waziristan (present day abodes of Ahmadzai Wazirs). Wazirs, with the aid of Mehsuds, defeated Marwats and Dotanis, the former were expelled while the latter was allowed to retain some lands in Wana. When the Marwats arrived in Daman to take possession of their lands, the Daulat Khel Lohanis opposed that. In the subsequent battle, the Daulat Khels were defeated by Marwats, and were expelled from Daman. The Daulat Khels sought the help of Gandapurs, Babars and Bhittanis, and this alliance was able to defeat the Marwats.

The defeated Marwats stayed in Dara Pezu and surroundings for some time, until they got the invitation from a section of Niazis, who were settled in present-day Lakki Marwat, to assist them in defeating the rival clan. Marwats turned against the Niazis. The Niazi clan first defeated the Marwat clan against whom they were hired and slaughtered them in great numbers. After the friendship with their brothers Marwats, Niazis fled towards Mianwali. Somewhere between 1601 and 1607, Marwats had taken possession of all the 'Tal' tract.

Marwats were nominally part of Mughal empire. After decline of Mughals, the area came under Durranis. Ahmad Shah Abdali didn't enforce taxes on Marwats but put the condition of providing contingents of Marwat warriors for his military campaigns. In the most important military campaign of Abdali, 120 Marwat horsemen accompanied him under their chief Begu Khan to India. Ahmad Shah's successor, Timur Shah Durrani, enforced Tax on Marwats.

After the battle of Panipat, Marwats split into two factions, White and Black and fought each other for next 60 years. Taking advantage of their internal rift, Wazirs conquered some area from Marwats in the sandy tracts of the present day Bannu district. In 1819, Nawab of Mankera interested in the civil war of Marwats on the invitation of one party and later occupied the area for themselves. The weakened Marwats were unable to resist the occupation and thus Marwats lost the independence. Soon after, Sikhs conquered Lakki Marwat and built a fort on the bank of river Gambila near Present day Lakki city. In 1847 Marwats rose in rebellion against the Sikhs but it was successfully suppressed by the latter. In Anglo-Sikh Wars, Marwats provided great deal of help to British against the Sikhs. The relationship of some Marwat chiefs and British remained friendly for the most part, though some of Marwats joined Faqir of Ipi's movement and fought for Pashtun freedom against British India in the Waziristan War.

Notable Marwats

References

  1. "War Ballads of West Pakistan". The Pakistan Review. 19. Ferozsons: 10–11. 1971. ISSN 0031-0077.
  2. Mohmand, Sher Muhammad, The Marwats. p. 50-53
  3. ^ "The Marwats" by Sher Muhammad Mohmand
  4. ^ Bannu Gazetterr
  5. "Resources and Information". www.pashtunhistory.com.

Further reading

Pashtun tribes
Bettani
Ghilji
Lodi
Gharghashti
Sarbani
Durrani
Yusufzai
Other Sarbani
Karlani
Allied tribes
Terminology
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