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{{short description|Hungarian-born journalist (born 1929)}}{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2020}}
'''Paul Lendvai''' (born 1929 as '''Pál Lendvai''') is a ]-born journalist who became an ] citizen. After various communist party activities in Hungary, he went to Austria in 1957, working as an author and journalist.
{{Multiple issues|{{Peacock|date=November 2021}}
{{BLP sources|date=November 2021}}}}
{{Hungarian name|Lendvai Pál}}{{Infobox person
| name = Paul Lendvai
| image = Paul Lendvai - Buchmesse Wien 2019.JPG
| caption = Lendvai in 2019
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1929|08|24|df=y}}
| website = https://www.lendvai.at
}}
''']''' (born 24 August 1929) is a ]-born ]n author and journalist. He moved to ] in 1957, where he works as an author and journalist.


== Biography == == Biography ==
Lendvai was born in ] on 24 August 1929 to Jewish parents.<ref>http://de-de.facebook.com/pages/Paul-Lendvai-Lendvai-P%C3%A1l/126853874040756?sk=info{{Dead link|date=May 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}<nowiki/>{{Self-published source|date=September 2024}}</ref> During the ] era in the late 1940s and early 1950s, Lendvai worked as a journalist in ] starting in 1947. Lendvai wrote for '']'' and was also chief of foreign reporting at the Hungarian news agency (MTI). Lendvai's books from the 1950s include ''Tito the Enemy of the Hungarian People'' (1951) and ''France at a Crossroads'' (1955), which sold 50,000 copies. As a former ], he was judged as politically unreliable and was jailed by the ] for eight months during 1953 and banned from the media for three years.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Paul Lendvai |url=https://www.aspeninstitutece.org/author/paul-lendvai/ |access-date=2024-07-29 |website=Aspen Institute Central Europe |language=cs}}</ref>
Lendvai was born on 24 August 1929 in ]. In the late 1940s early 1950s (also known as the ] era) Lendvai worked as a journalist in Hungary starting from 1947<ref> 1947-től újságíróként dolgozott </ref> he was also member of the interior special police for a time. The unit in which he served was a part of the ] (ÁVH)
<ref> "Paul Lendvai önéletrajzaiban leírja, hogy sorkatonai szolgálatát az ötvenes évek elején a belső karhatalomnál, részint agitációs és propagandafelelősként teljesítette - nem említette viszont, hogy ez a testület az Államvédelmi Hatóság (ÁVH) része volt."</ref> Lendvai wrote for ] and was also chief of foreign reporting in the Hungarian news agency (MTI).<ref> "hirtelen a Szabad Néphez került, majd az MTI-hez külpolitikai rovatvezetőnek."</ref> Lendvai's books in the 1950s include "Tito the enemy of the Hungarian people" (1951) and "France at a crossroads" (1955), with 50,000 copies. <ref>Heti Válasz "Titó, a magyar nép ellensége címmel könyvecskéje jelent meg 1951-ben" "1955-ben ötvenezer példányban jelent meg Franciaország válaszúton című munkája"</ref> Lendvai was a member of the communist party, but he did not participate in the suppression of the ]. After the revolution Lendvai participated in putting together the so-called "White Books", aimed at defaming and discrediting the revolution of 1956 <ref> Részt vett a forradalom lejáratására íródott fehér könyv (Ellenforradalmi erők a magyar októberi eseményekben) első kötetének összeállításában.</ref> talking about the "the horrors of the counter revolution". Lendvai later claimed he took part out of "cowardice and opportunism".<ref></ref> He left Hungary on assignment to report from Poland and in 1957 he went to Vienna, Austria."


Lendvai was a member of the ]. He left Hungary on assignment to report from ] and in 1957 he went to Vienna, Austria.{{citation needed|date=October 2019}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=A Thousand Years of Victory in Defeat |url=https://search.syr.edu/discovery/fulldisplay/cdi_askewsholts_vlebooks_9780691200286/01SYU_INST:SYU }}</ref>
Lendvai was ] in Austria in 1959, and became a journalist and commentator on ]. In 1982 Lendvai became editor-in-chief at the Eastern Europe department of the ] public broadcasting company and intendant of ] in 1987. His weekly columns are published by '']'' newspaper.


After arriving in Vienna, Lendvai started looking for work, at first limited by his lack of language skills. In this period, he helped foreign correspondents with matters relating to Hungary and wrote smaller articles under aliases such as "György Holló", "Árpád Bécs" or "Paul Landy." Lendvai soon overcame early difficulties, was ] in Austria in 1959, and became a journalist and commentator on Eastern Europe. He was the correspondent for Eastern Europe of the daily '']'' and the '']'' for twenty-two years.
In the 1990s Lendvai tried to obtain the secret service file on himself in a face-to-face meeting with Socialist Prime Minister ] but wasn't successful at that time.<ref>The New York Times :Hungary Reluctant to Give Up Secrets of Its Past, September 6, 1997</ref> Originally the file was classified until February 15, 2042 but with many other documents they were declassified based on a 2003 law. <ref> Cole Michael anyagát eredetileg 2042. február 15-ig titkosították, ám egy 2003-as törvény alapján feloldották a titkosítást.</ref> In 2006 Lendvai requested and received the documents from the archives of the Hungarian secret services and described some of their contents to the public in an article carried by literary weekly Elet es Irodalom (ES), including naming several spies working on his case.<ref>Hungarian News Agency (MTI) : HUNGARIAN-BORN JOURNALIST NAMES SPIES OF COMMUNIST ERA January 13, 2006 </ref> Lendvai writes that the files on him <ref>marked under ÁBTL 3.2.4. K–1743 in the archives of the Hungarian secret services</ref> are over 300 hundred pages long and refer to Lendvai under the codename "Cole Michael" Lendvai presents his article on the topic with the subtitle "the story of an unsuccessful recruitment" <ref>Paul Lendvai Élet és Irodalom January 13, 2006</ref> saying the Hungarian services wanted to enlist him as an agent but failed.


He also contributed to '']'' and wrote columns for Austrian, German and Swiss newspapers and radio stations. In 1982 Lendvai became editor-in-chief at the Eastern Europe department of the ] public broadcasting company and director-general of ] in 1987. His weekly columns were published by the newspaper '']''.
In October 2010 Lendvai published the book ''Mein verspieltes Land'' ("My squandered country") and repeatedly criticized the politics of the ] government under Prime Minister ], for example extending the possibility to request Hungarian citizenship to ].<ref>{{hu icon}} </ref>, which was a response to the Slovakian governement's ].

19 March, 2011 Lendvai presented <ref></ref> the Hungarian translation of his latest book ''Mein verspieltes Land'' ("My squandered country") in Budapest.
In 1985, a Cultural Forum dubbed the east–west summit was organized by the Hungarian communist leadership, to which 900 politicians, writers and other notable people were invited. At the same time a "counter cultural forum" was planned with expected participation of "dissidents and opposition groups." ] was one of the intended speakers. In 2010, a Hungarian pro-government newspaper accused Paul Lendvai of collaboration with the communist regime for having provided information about the counter-forum to the Hungarian authorities.<ref name="Ghosts of the communist past"></ref> Socialist ex-prime minister ] came to Paul Lendvai's defence, saying,
In his memoir, Lendvai portrays a picture of ], political turbulence and ] in 20th century ].
<blockquote>As for me, I support him in his struggle to make a case for his decisions of yesteryear. And we've got to stop digging up the past.</blockquote>

György Konrád, one of the intended speakers of the opposition event, said, "If this was how things were, then it is very sad," about Lendvai providing the information.<ref name="rl"> {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110105043029/http://hetivalasz.hu/english_hungary/lendvai-reloaded-34047 |date=5 January 2011 }}</ref> Lendvai rejected the accusations and said the campaign against him was due to his criticism of the present government in his latest book. Former conservative MP Debreczeni, noted philosopher Sandor Radnoti, Austrian conservative leader Erhard Busek defended his integrity. János Nagy, the ambassador whom Lendvai talked to at the time, was interviewed about the matter on ] and insisted that his reports always faithfully rendered what was said.<ref name="rl" /> An article printed in left-wing ] agrees with Lendvai's defense that he was not an agent, although it goes on to stress that he was nonetheless a willing and active collaborator to the Communist regime.<ref name="Ghosts of the communist past" />

On 19 March 2011 Lendvai presented the Hungarian translation of his latest book ''Mein verspieltes Land'' ("My squandered country") in Budapest.<ref></ref> In his memoir, Lendvai portrays a picture of ], political turbulence and ] in 20th century Central Europe.{{citation needed|date=October 2019}}

Lendvai is editor-in-chief and co-publisher of ''Europäische Rundschau'', a Vienna-based international quarterly. Austrian president Heinz Fischer and former Czech foreign minister ] held speeches at the 40th anniversary of the review on 8 November 2013.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Schlie |first=Ulrich |date=2020-07-14 |title=Europäische Rundschau: Ende einer traditionsreichen Zeitschrift |url=https://www.nzz.ch/feuilleton/europaeische-rundschau-ende-einer-traditionsreichen-zeitschrift-ld.1566059 |access-date=2024-10-04 |work=Neue Zürcher Zeitung |language=de-CH |issn=0376-6829}}</ref> Lendvai was appointed chairman of the independent migration council for Austria on 3 April 2014 by the minister of the interior.<ref>Austrian News Agency APA 4 April 2014</ref>

== Secret police file ==

In the 1990s, Lendvai tried to obtain the secret service file on himself in a face-to-face meeting with Socialist Prime Minister ] but wasn't successful at that time. While being honoured in the Hungarian Parliament, Lendvai said "I'd rather get my files than the award".<ref>The New York Times :Hungary Reluctant to Give Up Secrets of Its Past, 6 September 1997</ref> Originally, the file was classified until 15 February 2042 but with many other documents they were declassified based on a 2003 law.<ref name=MNO> Magyar Nemzet. 15 August 2011, (in Hungarian) ''"Cole Michael anyagát eredetileg 2042. február 15-ig titkosították, ám egy 2003-as törvény alapján feloldották a titkosítást."''</ref> In 2006, Lendvai requested and received the documents from the archives of the Hungarian secret services and described some of their contents to the public in an article carried by literary weekly Élet és Irodalom (ÉS), including naming several spies working on his case.<ref>Hungarian News Agency (MTI) : HUNGARIAN-BORN JOURNALIST NAMES SPIES OF COMMUNIST ERA 13 January 2006</ref> Lendvai writes that the files on him<ref>marked under ÁBTL 3.2.4. K–1743 in the archives of the Hungarian secret services</ref> are over 300 pages long and refer to Lendvai under the codename ''Michael Cole''. Lendvai presents his article on the topic with the subtitle "the story of an unsuccessful recruitment"<ref>Paul Lendvai Élet és Irodalom. 13 January 2006 (in Hungarian)</ref> saying the Hungarian services wanted to enlist him as an agent but failed. While, according to the file, Lendvai was never recruited as a spy, in a 24 July 1963 report the archived documents refer to Lendvai as "one of the best contacts"<ref name=MNO /><ref>The ÁBTL 3.2.4. K–1743 file in the , ''"one of the best contacts"'' underlined in original form ''"...egyike a legjobb társadalmi kapcsolatnak..."'', Accessed 9 August 2011</ref> of the intelligence services at the time. Lendvai in his article describes the several aims he wanted to achieve by contacting the Hungarian authorities: the ability to travel to Hungary for reporting, travel visa for his mother, and revocation of his Hungarian citizenship enabling him to work in eastern bloc communist countries. He managed to reach some of these goals, he says, by bringing Hungarian officials such as ] to Austrian striptease shows. According to Lendvai both times he brought Ortutay to such a show he would intervene on his behalf. In one case Lendvai writes that the reports of "Urbán", identifying Lendvai as a source of information on various topics were false, containing material invented by Urbán himself.<ref>Paul Lendvai Élet és Irodalom. 13 January 2006 (in Hungarian) ''"'Urbán' karriert akart csinálni, s be akarta bizonyítani, hogy ő exkluzív információkat kap rajtam keresztül a Néppárt legfelsőbb politikai vezetésétől. Egyre küldözgette kimerítő jelentéseit a naponta változó hangulatról, gyakran hozzátéve: 'Információ Lendvaitól'. Ezeknek a jelentéseknek csak egy szépséghibájuk volt: minden 'Lendvai-információ'-t Urbán talált ki: én életemben soha nem beszéltem Hurdes volt miniszterrel és volt parlamenti elnökkel."''</ref>


== Works== == Works==
* Titó, a magyar nép ellensége (1951) * ''Tito, a magyar nép ellensége'' (1951)
* Franciaország válaszúton (1955) * ''Franciaország keresztúton'' (1955)
* '''' (1969)
* Hungary: The Art of Survival (1990)
* ''Anti-Semitism without Jews: Communist Eastern Europe'' (1971)
* Hungarians: A Thousand Years of Victory in Defeat (2003)
* ''Anti-Semitism in Eastern Europe'' (1972)
* Das Einsame Albanien: Reportage aus dem Land der Skipetaren (1985)
* ''Kreisky – Portrait eines Staatsmannes'' (1974)
* ''Die Grenzen des Wandels: Spielarten des Kommunismus im Donauraum'' (1977)
* ''Bureaucracy of Truth: How Communist Governments Manage the News'' (1981)
* ''Das Einsame Albanien: Reportage aus dem Land der Skipetaren'' (1985)
* ''Das eigenwillige Ungarn: Innenansichten eines Grenzgangers'' (1986)
* ''Hungary: The Art of Survival'' (1990)
* ''Honnan – Hová? – Gondolatok a közép- és kelet-európai változásokról'' (1995)
* ''Auf schwarzen Listen. Erlebnisse eines Mitteleuropäers'' (1996)
* ''Blacklisted: A Journalist's Life in Central Europe'' (1998)
* ''Hungarians: A Thousand Years of Victory in Defeat'' (2003)
* ''A világ egy kritikus európai szemével'' (2005)
* ''Az osztrák titok – 50 év a hatalom kulisszái mögött'' (2007)
* ''Best of Paul Lendvai'' (2008)
* ''One Day That Shook the Communist World: The 1956 Hungarian Uprising and Its Legacy'' (2008)
* ''Inside Austria: New Challenges, Old Demons'' (2010)
* ''Mein verspieltes Land – Ungarn im Umbruch'' (2010)
* ''Az eltékozolt ország'' (2011)
* ''Három élet – Beszélgetés Mihancsik Zsófiával'' (2012)
* ''Hungary: Between Democracy and Authoritarianism'' (2012)
* ''Leben eines Grenzgängers'' (2013)
* ''Orbáns Ungarn'' (2016)
* ''Orbán: Europe's New Strongman'' (2017)

==Decorations and awards==
* 1974:
* 1974: ]
* 1980: Appointed Professor
* 1984: Karl Renner Prize of Vienna
* 1986: ]
* 1989: Gold Medal for services to the city of Vienna
* 1990: Great Gold Medal of Styria
* 1990: ]
* 1994: ]
* 1994: Bruno Kreisky Prize for Political Books for ''Between hope and disillusionment – reflections on the changes in Eastern Europe''
* 1997: Silver Commander's Cross of Honour for Services to the province of Lower Austria
* 1998:
* 1999: Commander's Cross of the ]
* 2000:
* 2001: Television Award of the Austrian Adult Education for his biography of ] (with ])
* 2001: Award of the Budapest Corvinus Europe Institute
* 2001: ]<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.parlament.gv.at/PAKT/VHG/XXIV/AB/AB_10542/imfname_251156.pdf | title = Reply to a parliamentary question | language = German | page=1447 |trans-title=| accessdate = 5 January 2013 }}</ref>
* 2002:
* 2003: Commander's Cross with Star of the ]
* 2003: Fellowship of the Centre for Applied Policy Research (])
* 2005: ] for Cultural Journalism
* 2008: Honorary Award of the Austrian book trade for tolerance in thought and action


==References== ==References==
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== External links == == External links ==
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* *
*
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{{Authority control}}


{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2011}}

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| NAME = Lendvai, Paul
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION =
| DATE OF BIRTH = 24 August 1929
| PLACE OF BIRTH =
| DATE OF DEATH =
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Lendvai, Paul}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Lendvai, Paul}}
]
] ]
] ]
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]
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Latest revision as of 18:32, 23 January 2025

Hungarian-born journalist (born 1929)
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The native form of this personal name is Lendvai Pál. This article uses Western name order when mentioning individuals.
Paul Lendvai
Lendvai in 2019
Born (1929-08-24) 24 August 1929 (age 95)
Websitehttps://www.lendvai.at

Paul Lendvai (born 24 August 1929) is a Hungarian-born Austrian author and journalist. He moved to Austria in 1957, where he works as an author and journalist.

Biography

Lendvai was born in Budapest on 24 August 1929 to Jewish parents. During the Rákosi era in the late 1940s and early 1950s, Lendvai worked as a journalist in Hungary, starting in 1947. Lendvai wrote for Szabad Nép and was also chief of foreign reporting at the Hungarian news agency (MTI). Lendvai's books from the 1950s include Tito the Enemy of the Hungarian People (1951) and France at a Crossroads (1955), which sold 50,000 copies. As a former Social Democrat, he was judged as politically unreliable and was jailed by the communist regime for eight months during 1953 and banned from the media for three years.

Lendvai was a member of the Hungarian Working People's Party. He left Hungary on assignment to report from Poland and in 1957 he went to Vienna, Austria.

After arriving in Vienna, Lendvai started looking for work, at first limited by his lack of language skills. In this period, he helped foreign correspondents with matters relating to Hungary and wrote smaller articles under aliases such as "György Holló", "Árpád Bécs" or "Paul Landy." Lendvai soon overcame early difficulties, was naturalized in Austria in 1959, and became a journalist and commentator on Eastern Europe. He was the correspondent for Eastern Europe of the daily Die Presse and the Financial Times for twenty-two years.

He also contributed to The Economist and wrote columns for Austrian, German and Swiss newspapers and radio stations. In 1982 Lendvai became editor-in-chief at the Eastern Europe department of the ORF public broadcasting company and director-general of Radio Österreich International in 1987. His weekly columns were published by the newspaper Der Standard.

In 1985, a Cultural Forum dubbed the east–west summit was organized by the Hungarian communist leadership, to which 900 politicians, writers and other notable people were invited. At the same time a "counter cultural forum" was planned with expected participation of "dissidents and opposition groups." György Konrád was one of the intended speakers. In 2010, a Hungarian pro-government newspaper accused Paul Lendvai of collaboration with the communist regime for having provided information about the counter-forum to the Hungarian authorities. Socialist ex-prime minister Ferenc Gyurcsány came to Paul Lendvai's defence, saying,

As for me, I support him in his struggle to make a case for his decisions of yesteryear. And we've got to stop digging up the past.

György Konrád, one of the intended speakers of the opposition event, said, "If this was how things were, then it is very sad," about Lendvai providing the information. Lendvai rejected the accusations and said the campaign against him was due to his criticism of the present government in his latest book. Former conservative MP Debreczeni, noted philosopher Sandor Radnoti, Austrian conservative leader Erhard Busek defended his integrity. János Nagy, the ambassador whom Lendvai talked to at the time, was interviewed about the matter on Klubrádió and insisted that his reports always faithfully rendered what was said. An article printed in left-wing Népszabadság agrees with Lendvai's defense that he was not an agent, although it goes on to stress that he was nonetheless a willing and active collaborator to the Communist regime.

On 19 March 2011 Lendvai presented the Hungarian translation of his latest book Mein verspieltes Land ("My squandered country") in Budapest. In his memoir, Lendvai portrays a picture of ethnic hatred, political turbulence and antisemitism in 20th century Central Europe.

Lendvai is editor-in-chief and co-publisher of Europäische Rundschau, a Vienna-based international quarterly. Austrian president Heinz Fischer and former Czech foreign minister Karel Schwarzenberg held speeches at the 40th anniversary of the review on 8 November 2013. Lendvai was appointed chairman of the independent migration council for Austria on 3 April 2014 by the minister of the interior.

Secret police file

In the 1990s, Lendvai tried to obtain the secret service file on himself in a face-to-face meeting with Socialist Prime Minister Gyula Horn but wasn't successful at that time. While being honoured in the Hungarian Parliament, Lendvai said "I'd rather get my files than the award". Originally, the file was classified until 15 February 2042 but with many other documents they were declassified based on a 2003 law. In 2006, Lendvai requested and received the documents from the archives of the Hungarian secret services and described some of their contents to the public in an article carried by literary weekly Élet és Irodalom (ÉS), including naming several spies working on his case. Lendvai writes that the files on him are over 300 pages long and refer to Lendvai under the codename Michael Cole. Lendvai presents his article on the topic with the subtitle "the story of an unsuccessful recruitment" saying the Hungarian services wanted to enlist him as an agent but failed. While, according to the file, Lendvai was never recruited as a spy, in a 24 July 1963 report the archived documents refer to Lendvai as "one of the best contacts" of the intelligence services at the time. Lendvai in his article describes the several aims he wanted to achieve by contacting the Hungarian authorities: the ability to travel to Hungary for reporting, travel visa for his mother, and revocation of his Hungarian citizenship enabling him to work in eastern bloc communist countries. He managed to reach some of these goals, he says, by bringing Hungarian officials such as Gyula Ortutay to Austrian striptease shows. According to Lendvai both times he brought Ortutay to such a show he would intervene on his behalf. In one case Lendvai writes that the reports of "Urbán", identifying Lendvai as a source of information on various topics were false, containing material invented by Urbán himself.

Works

  • Tito, a magyar nép ellensége (1951)
  • Franciaország keresztúton (1955)
  • Eagles in Cobwebs: Nationalism and Communism in the Balkans (1969)
  • Anti-Semitism without Jews: Communist Eastern Europe (1971)
  • Anti-Semitism in Eastern Europe (1972)
  • Kreisky – Portrait eines Staatsmannes (1974)
  • Die Grenzen des Wandels: Spielarten des Kommunismus im Donauraum (1977)
  • Bureaucracy of Truth: How Communist Governments Manage the News (1981)
  • Das Einsame Albanien: Reportage aus dem Land der Skipetaren (1985)
  • Das eigenwillige Ungarn: Innenansichten eines Grenzgangers (1986)
  • Hungary: The Art of Survival (1990)
  • Honnan – Hová? – Gondolatok a közép- és kelet-európai változásokról (1995)
  • Auf schwarzen Listen. Erlebnisse eines Mitteleuropäers (1996)
  • Blacklisted: A Journalist's Life in Central Europe (1998)
  • Hungarians: A Thousand Years of Victory in Defeat (2003)
  • A világ egy kritikus európai szemével (2005)
  • Az osztrák titok – 50 év a hatalom kulisszái mögött (2007)
  • Best of Paul Lendvai (2008)
  • One Day That Shook the Communist World: The 1956 Hungarian Uprising and Its Legacy (2008)
  • Inside Austria: New Challenges, Old Demons (2010)
  • Mein verspieltes Land – Ungarn im Umbruch (2010)
  • Az eltékozolt ország (2011)
  • Három élet – Beszélgetés Mihancsik Zsófiával (2012)
  • Hungary: Between Democracy and Authoritarianism (2012)
  • Leben eines Grenzgängers (2013)
  • Orbáns Ungarn (2016)
  • Orbán: Europe's New Strongman (2017)

Decorations and awards

References

  1. http://de-de.facebook.com/pages/Paul-Lendvai-Lendvai-P%C3%A1l/126853874040756?sk=info
  2. "Paul Lendvai". Aspen Institute Central Europe (in Czech). Retrieved 29 July 2024.
  3. "A Thousand Years of Victory in Defeat".
  4. ^ Ghosts of the communist past
  5. ^ Lendvai Reloaded Archived 5 January 2011 at the Wayback Machine
  6. Megjelent magyarul Paul Lendvai új könyve
  7. Schlie, Ulrich (14 July 2020). "Europäische Rundschau: Ende einer traditionsreichen Zeitschrift". Neue Zürcher Zeitung (in Swiss High German). ISSN 0376-6829. Retrieved 4 October 2024.
  8. Austrian News Agency APA 4 April 2014
  9. The New York Times :Hungary Reluctant to Give Up Secrets of Its Past, 6 September 1997
  10. ^ Fedőneve Cole Michael Magyar Nemzet. 15 August 2011, (in Hungarian) "Cole Michael anyagát eredetileg 2042. február 15-ig titkosították, ám egy 2003-as törvény alapján feloldották a titkosítást."
  11. Hungarian News Agency (MTI) : HUNGARIAN-BORN JOURNALIST NAMES SPIES OF COMMUNIST ERA 13 January 2006
  12. marked under ÁBTL 3.2.4. K–1743 in the archives of the Hungarian secret services
  13. Paul Lendvai "MICHAEL COLE" TÜNDÖKLÉSE ÉS BUKÁSA avagy egy sikertelen beszervezés története Élet és Irodalom. 13 January 2006 (in Hungarian)
  14. The ÁBTL 3.2.4. K–1743 file in the archives of the Hungarian secret services, Scanned document portion from the file "one of the best contacts" underlined in original form "...egyike a legjobb társadalmi kapcsolatnak...", Accessed 9 August 2011
  15. Paul Lendvai "MICHAEL COLE" TÜNDÖKLÉSE ÉS BUKÁSA avagy egy sikertelen beszervezés története Élet és Irodalom. 13 January 2006 (in Hungarian) "'Urbán' karriert akart csinálni, s be akarta bizonyítani, hogy ő exkluzív információkat kap rajtam keresztül a Néppárt legfelsőbb politikai vezetésétől. Egyre küldözgette kimerítő jelentéseit a naponta változó hangulatról, gyakran hozzátéve: 'Információ Lendvaitól'. Ezeknek a jelentéseknek csak egy szépséghibájuk volt: minden 'Lendvai-információ'-t Urbán talált ki: én életemben soha nem beszéltem Hurdes volt miniszterrel és volt parlamenti elnökkel."
  16. "Reply to a parliamentary question" (PDF) (in German). p. 1447. Retrieved 5 January 2013.

External links

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