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{{Short description|British communist and journalist (1896–1974)}}
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'''Rajani Palme Dutt''' (19 June 1896 &ndash; 1974), best known as R. Palme Dutt, was a leading ] and ] in the ].
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific_prefix =
| name = R. Palme Dutt
| honorific_suffix =
| image = Rajani-Palme-Dutt (cropped).jpg
| image_size =
| caption = Palme Dutt, 1943.


| office = 4th ]
==Biography==
| term_start = October 1939
===Early years===
| term_end = June 1941
Rajani Palme Dutt was born 19 June 1896 on ] in ]. His father, Upendra Dutt, was an ] ], his mother Anna Palme Dutt was ]. Anna Palme Dutt was a great aunt of the future Prime Minister of Sweden ].<ref>Henrik Berggren, ''Underbara dagar framför oss. En biografi över Olof Palme'', Stockholm: Norstedts, 2010; p.659</ref>
| deputy =
| predecessor = ]
| successor = Harry Pollitt
| birth_name = Rajani Palme Dutt
| birth_date = 19 June 1896
| birth_place = ], ], England
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=y|20 December 1974|19 June 1896}}
| death_place = ], ], England
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| height = <!-- "X cm", "X m" or "X ft Y in" plus optional reference (conversions are automatic) -->
| spouse = {{marriage|]|1922|1964|end=died}}
| relatives = ] (first-cousin, once removed)
| residence =
| education = ]
| alma_mater = ]
| occupation = Editor of ]
| father = Upendra Dutt
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'''Rajani Palme Dutt''' (19 June 1896 &ndash; 20 December 1974) was a British political figure, journalist and ] who served as the fourth general secretary of the ] during ] from October 1939 to June 1941. His classic book ''India Today'' heralded the ] approach in Indian historiography.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ahir |first=Rajiv |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HBziwQEACAAJ&q=history+of+modern+india+rajiv+ahir |title=A Brief History of Modern India |date=2018 |publisher=Spectrum Books (P) Limited |isbn=978-81-7930-688-8 |pages=15 |language=en}}</ref>


==Early life==
Dutt was educated at ], Cambridge and ], ], where he obtained a ] in classics after having been suspended for a time due to his status as a ] in ].<ref>Colin Holmes "Rajani Palme Dutt", in A. Thomas Lane (ed.), ''Biographical Dictionary of European Labor Leaders'', Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1995; vol. 2, p.284</ref>
Rajani Palme Dutt was born in 1896 on ] in ]. His father, Dr. Upendra Dutt, was an Indian ], his mother Anna Palme was ].<ref>Gopalkrishna Gandhi, ''Of a Certain Age: Twenty Life Sketches'', Penguin Books, pp. 135, 2011</ref><ref>Faruque Ahmed, ''Bengal Politics in Britain – Logic, Dynamics & Disharmony'' pp. 57, 2010.</ref> Dr. Upendra Dutt belonged to the family of ].<ref name=India>{{cite book |last1=Dutt |first1=R. Palme |title=India Today (Dust Jacket, Blurb biography). |date=1947 |publisher=People’s Publishing House |location=Raj Bhuvan, Sandhurst Road, Bombay 4}}</ref> Anna Palme was a great aunt of the future Prime Minister of Sweden ].<ref>Henrik Berggren, ''Underbara dagar framför oss. En biografi över Olof Palme'', Stockholm: Norstedts, 2010; p.659</ref> Rajani's sister was the statistician Elna Palme Dutt, who went on to become an official of the International Labour Organization in Geneva. He, along with his older brother Clemens Palme Dutt, was a founding member of the Communist Party of Great Britain.


Dutt was educated at ], Cambridge and ]<ref>Balliol College Register, 3rd Edition, p173</ref> where he obtained a ] in Classics, after being suspended for a time because of his activities as a ] in ], during which his writing was deemed subversive propaganda.<ref name=Holmes>Colin Holmes "Rajani Palme Dutt", in A. Thomas Lane (ed.), ''Biographical Dictionary of European Labor Leaders'', Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1995; vol. 2, p.284</ref>
Dutt married an ], ], the sister of Finnish-Estonian writer politician ], in 1922. His wife had come to ] in 1920 as a representative of the ].<ref>Holmes, "Rajani Palme Dutt," p.284</ref>


Dutt married an ], ], the sister of ] writer ], in 1922. His wife had come to Great Britain in 1920 as a representative of the ].<ref name=Holmes/>
===Political career===


==Political career==
{{ambox
{{more citations needed section|date=July 2011}}
| name = Citations missing
] Dutt made his first connections with the Socialist Movement in England during his school days, before the outbreak of the First World War. He was expelled from ] in October 1917 for organising a socialist meeting. He joined the British Labour Movement as a full time worker in 1919, when he joined the ], a left-wing statistical bureau. Together with ] he was one of the founder members of the ] (CPGB) in 1920. In 1921 he founded a monthly magazine called ''],'' <ref name =India /> a publication that he edited until his death, and also visited India.
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In 1922, Dutt was named the editor of the party's weekly newspaper, the ''].''<ref name=Holmes/>


Dutt was on the executive committee of the CPGB from 1923 to 1965 and was the party's chief theorist for many years.<ref>Francis Beckett ''Enemy Within: The Rise and Fall of the British Communist Party'', London: John Murray, 1995</ref>
Dutt joined the ], a left wing statistical bureau, in 1919. The following year, he joined the newly formed ] (CPGB) and in 1921 founded a monthly magazine called ''],'' a publication which he edited until his death.


Dutt first visited the ] in 1923, where he attended deliberations of the ] (ECCI) relating to the British movement.<ref name=Holmes/> He was elected an alternate to the ECCI Presidium in 1924.
In 1922, Dutt was named the editor of the CPGB's weekly newspaper, ''].''<ref>Holmes, "Rajani Palme Dutt," p.284</ref>


Following an illness in 1925 which forced him to stand down as editor of ''Workers' Weekly,'' Dutt spent several years in ] and ] as a representative of the Comintern.<ref name=Holmes/> He also played an important role for the ] by supervising the ] for some years.
Dutt was on the Executive Committee of the CPGB from 1923 until 1965 and was the party's chief theorist for many years.<ref>Francis Beckett ''Enemy Within: The Rise and Fall of the British Communist Party'', London: John Murray, 1995</ref>


Palme Dutt was loyal to the ] and to the Stalinist line. In 1939, when the CPGB General Secretary ] supported the ] entering ], Palme Dutt promoted ]'s line and forced Pollitt's temporary resignation. As a result, he became the party's General Secretary until Pollitt was reappointed in 1941, after the ] cause a reversal in the party's attitude on the war.
Dutt first visited ] in 1923, where he attended deliberations of the ] (ECCI) relating to the British movement.<ref>Holmes "Rajani Palme Dutt", p.284</ref> He was elected an alternate to the ECCI Presidium in 1924.


His book ''Fascism and Social Revolution'' presents a scathing criticism and analysis of ], with a study of the rise of fascism in Germany, Italy and other countries. He defined fascism as a violent authoritarian, ultranationalist and irrational theory: "Fascism is antithetical to everything of substance within the liberal tradition."<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZO1-mHHZchQC&q=palme+dutt+fascism&pg=PA69|title=The Anglo-Marxists: A Study in Ideology and Culture|last=Roberts|first=Edwin A.|date=1997|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|isbn=9780847683963|language=en}}</ref>
Following an illness in 1925 which forced him to stand down as editor of ''Workers' Weekly,'' Dutt spent several years in ] and ] as a representative of the Comintern.<ref>Holmes "Rajani Palme Dutt", p.284.</ref> He also played an important role for the ] by supervising the ] for some years.


After Stalin's death, Palme Dutt's reaction to ]'s ] played down its significance, with Dutt arguing that Stalin's "sun" unsurprisingly contained some "spots".<ref> {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100315204910/http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/CRIdutt.htm |date=15 March 2010}}</ref> A hardliner in the party, he disagreed with its criticisms of the ] in 1968 and opposed its increasingly ] line in the 1970s. He retired from his party positions but remained a member until his death<ref>J. Callaghan, ''Rajani Palme Dutt''. London: Lawrence and Wishart, 1993.</ref> in 1974. According to the historian Geoff Andrews, the ] was still paying the CPGB around £15,000 a year "for pensions" into the 1970s, recipients of which "included Rajani Palme Dutt".<ref>Geoff Andrews, Endgames and New Times, The Final Years of British Communism 1964–1991, Lawrence and Wishart, London 2004, p. 94</ref>
Palme Dutt was loyal to the ] and to communist ideals. In 1939, when the CPGB General Secretary ] supported the United Kingdom's entry into ], it was Palme Dutt who promoted Stalin's line, forcing Pollitt's temporary resignation. As a result, he became the party's General Secretary until Pollitt was reappointed in 1941.


The Labour History Archive and Study Centre at the ] in ] has Palme Dutt's papers in its collection, spanning from 1908 to 1971.<ref>{{citation |title=Collection Catalogues and Descriptions |publisher=Labour History Archive and Study Centre |url=http://www.phm.org.uk/archive-study-centre/online-catalogue/ |access-date=12 February 2015 |archive-date=13 January 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150113161101/http://www.phm.org.uk/archive-study-centre/online-catalogue/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
In his book ''Fascism and Social Revolution'' a scathing criticism and analysis of fascism is presented with a study of the rise of fascism in Germany, Italy and other countries. He called fascism a violent authoritarian, ultra nationalist, and irrational theory. In his own words: "Fascism is antithetical to everything of substance within the liberal tradition."<ref>http://books.google.ca/books?id=ZO1-mHHZchQC&pg=PA69&lpg=PA69&dq=palme+dutt+fascism&source=bl&ots=YwlaBiVVCF&sig=EBitIn6ORQbkf0cmRR9HAkuCFkI&hl=en&ei=5BwCSsToBo2Ntgfk_-WMBw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4</ref>


== India visit ==
A critic{{who?}} of his book notes that "Students of fascism cannot understand the phenomena without reading R. Palme Dutt's classic, ''Fascism and Social Revolution''. Dutt's genius was his ability to apply the basic principles of Marxist political economy to the European economic and political crisis of the late 20s and early and mid-30s, when the book was written. Dutt was prescient enough to understand the crisis of overproduction which propelled the growth of fascism in Europe, including Germany and Italy. He also understood that the resolution of the economic crisis would inevitably lead to war, and that war would not only lead to the destruction of the capital responsible for excess production, but also of "excess" population. When the book was written, in 1936, he noted that the crisis of overproduction was responsible for the destruction of food, but would eventually escalate to the destruction of people. More precisely he noted that "Now they are burning food, soon they (capital) will be burning people. Some argue that this comment was one of the earliest and most precise predictions of the Holocaust."


]
After Stalin's death, Palme Dutt's reaction to ]'s ] downplayed its significance, with Dutt arguing that Stalin's "sun" unsurprisingly contained some "spots".<ref></ref> A hardliner within the CPGB, he disagreed with its criticisms of the ] in 1968 and opposed the CPGB's increasingly ] line in the 1970s, retiring from his party positions, although remaining a member until his death<ref>J. Callaghan, ''Rajani Palme Dutt.'' London: Lawrence and Wishart, 1993.</ref> in 1974.
In 1946 the British Indian Government permitted RPD to visit his father's country for the first time since 1921, this time as a special correspondent for the ]. The visit lasted four months, during which he spoke at several rallies in different cities of India, all organised by the ]. During this time he also interacted with many of that Party's workers, along with senior leaders including ]. During this visit he also met several important leaders of India including ], ], ], ] and ]. He was also invited by newly-built ] for a broadcast. <ref>{{cite web |title=RPD Travel Notes |url=https://www.marxists.org/subject/india/new-masses/dutt-travel-notes.pdf |website=Marxists Internet Archive |access-date=27 March 2024}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web |title=RPD India Visit |url=https://www.marxists.org/subject/india/dutt-in-india.pdf |publisher=Marxists Internet Archive |access-date=27 March 2024}}</ref> His visit had such a profound effect upon Indian Communists that when they established the headquarters of their “]” in Jhandewalan, Delhi, between 1956 and 1958<ref>{{cite journal |title=End page Address Section |journal=New Age Weekly |date=October 1956 |url=https://www.marxists.org/subject/india/cpi/new-age/vol5-no10-october1956.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |title=New Age Advertisement Address |journal=New Age Weekly |date=October 1958 |page=6 |url=https://www.marxists.org/subject/india/cpi/new-age/na-6-1.pdf |access-date=27 March 2024}}</ref> they named the building the “R. Palme Dutt Bhawan” (Bhawan meaning Building) after RPD.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Gupt |first1=Anand |title=Delhi ki Communist Party ka Itihaas (History of Communist Party of Delhi) |date=2007 |publisher=Communist Party of India, Delhi State Committee |location=Urdu Bazaar, Jama Masjid, Delhi 110006 |page=70}}</ref> On that building's second floor stairwell hung a portrait of RPD taken during his 1946 visit to India, remaining there until very recently and now possibly hanging in the Party's headquarters at Ajoy Bhawan.{{citationneeded|date=October 2024}}

== Works ==
*1920: The Sabotage of Europe<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.marxists.org/archive/dutt/index.htm|title=R. Palme Dutt Archive|last=Dutt|first=R. Palme|website=marxists.org|access-date=2018-02-09}}</ref>
*1920:
*1921: Back to Plotinus, Review of Shaw's ''Back to Methusela: A Metaphysical Pentateuch''
*1921: Psycho-Analysing the Bolshevik, Review of Kolnai's ''Psycho-analysis and Sociology''
*1922: The End of Gandhi
*1923: The British Empire
*1923: The Issue in Europe
*1925: Empire Socialism (pamphlet)
*1926: The Meaning of the General Strike (pamphlet)
*1926: Trotsky and His English Critics
*1928: Indian Awakening
*1931: India
*1931: <ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=th9YAAAAMAAJ|title=Capitalism or socialism in Britain?|last=Dutt|first=Rajani Palme|date=1931|publisher=Communist Party of Great Britain|language=en}}</ref>
*1933: Democracy and Fascism (pamphlet)
*1933: A Note on the Falsification of Engels' Preface to "Marx’s 'Class Struggles in France"
*1934:
*1935: The Question of Fascism and Capitalist Decay
*1935: British Policy and Nazi Germany
*1935: The British-German Alliance in the Open
*1935: For a united Communist Party : an appeal to I.L.P'ers and to all revolutionary workers
*1936: In Memory of ]
*1936: Anti-Imperialist People's Front in India, ''written with Ben Bradley''
*1936: Left Nationalism in India
*1938: On the Eve of the Indian National Congress, ''with Harry Pollitt and Ben Bradley''
*1938: Review of Marx & Engels on the U.S. Civil War
*1939: <ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PITzAAAAMAAJ|title=Why this war?|last=Dutt|first=Rajani Palme|date=1939|publisher=Communist Party of Great Britain|language=en}}</ref>
*1940: Twentieth Anniversary of the Communist Party of Great Britain
*1940:
*1947: Declaration on Palestine, at the Empire Communist Parties Conference, London on 26 February to 3 March 1947
*1949: Introductory Report on Election Programme
*1953: Stalin and the Future
*1953: The crisis of Britain and the British Empire ()
*1955:
*1963: Problems of Contemporary History
*1964:
*1967:


==Footnotes== ==Footnotes==
Line 45: Line 119:


==External links== ==External links==
{{Wikisource author}}
* (1934)
* (1934)
* (1964)
* Marxists Internet Archive * Marxists Internet Archive
* Resistance to the Soul : Gandhi and His Critics *


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{{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see ]. -->
| NAME =Dutt, Rajani Palme
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
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| DATE OF BIRTH = 19 June 1896
| PLACE OF BIRTH =
| DATE OF DEATH = 1974
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Dutt, Rajani Palme}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Dutt, Rajani Palme}}
] ]
] ]
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Latest revision as of 10:58, 14 December 2024

British communist and journalist (1896–1974)

R. Palme Dutt
Palme Dutt, 1943.
4th General Secretary of the Communist Party of Great Britain
In office
October 1939 – June 1941
Preceded byHarry Pollitt
Succeeded byHarry Pollitt
Personal details
BornRajani Palme Dutt
19 June 1896
Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, England
Died20 December 1974(1974-12-20) (aged 78)
Highgate, London, England
Political partyCommunist Party of Great Britain
Spouse Salme Anette Murrik ​ ​(m. 1922; died 1964)​
Parents
RelativesOlof Palme (first-cousin, once removed)
EducationThe Perse School
Alma materBalliol College, Oxford
OccupationEditor of Workers' Weekly

Rajani Palme Dutt (19 June 1896 – 20 December 1974) was a British political figure, journalist and theoretician who served as the fourth general secretary of the Communist Party of Great Britain during World War II from October 1939 to June 1941. His classic book India Today heralded the Marxist approach in Indian historiography.

Early life

Rajani Palme Dutt was born in 1896 on Mill Road in Cambridge, England. His father, Dr. Upendra Dutt, was an Indian surgeon, his mother Anna Palme was Swedish. Dr. Upendra Dutt belonged to the family of Romesh Chunder Dutt. Anna Palme was a great aunt of the future Prime Minister of Sweden Olof Palme. Rajani's sister was the statistician Elna Palme Dutt, who went on to become an official of the International Labour Organization in Geneva. He, along with his older brother Clemens Palme Dutt, was a founding member of the Communist Party of Great Britain.

Dutt was educated at the Perse School, Cambridge and Balliol College, Oxford where he obtained a first-class degree in Classics, after being suspended for a time because of his activities as a conscientious objector in World War I, during which his writing was deemed subversive propaganda.

Dutt married an Estonian, Salme Murrik, the sister of Finnish writer Hella Wuolijoki, in 1922. His wife had come to Great Britain in 1920 as a representative of the Communist International.

Political career

This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (July 2011) (Learn how and when to remove this message)
India Today, 1947 Edition, published by People’s Publishing House, Bombay, India.
India Today, 1947 Edition, published by People’s Publishing House, Bombay, India.

Dutt made his first connections with the Socialist Movement in England during his school days, before the outbreak of the First World War. He was expelled from Oxford University in October 1917 for organising a socialist meeting. He joined the British Labour Movement as a full time worker in 1919, when he joined the Labour Research Department, a left-wing statistical bureau. Together with Harry Pollitt he was one of the founder members of the Communist Party of Great Britain (CPGB) in 1920. In 1921 he founded a monthly magazine called Labour Monthly, a publication that he edited until his death, and also visited India.

In 1922, Dutt was named the editor of the party's weekly newspaper, the Workers' Weekly.

Dutt was on the executive committee of the CPGB from 1923 to 1965 and was the party's chief theorist for many years.

Dutt first visited the Soviet Union in 1923, where he attended deliberations of the Executive Committee of the Communist International (ECCI) relating to the British movement. He was elected an alternate to the ECCI Presidium in 1924.

Following an illness in 1925 which forced him to stand down as editor of Workers' Weekly, Dutt spent several years in Belgium and Sweden as a representative of the Comintern. He also played an important role for the Comintern by supervising the Communist Party of India for some years.

Palme Dutt was loyal to the Soviet Union and to the Stalinist line. In 1939, when the CPGB General Secretary Harry Pollitt supported the United Kingdom entering World War II, Palme Dutt promoted Joseph Stalin's line and forced Pollitt's temporary resignation. As a result, he became the party's General Secretary until Pollitt was reappointed in 1941, after the German invasion of the Soviet Union cause a reversal in the party's attitude on the war.

His book Fascism and Social Revolution presents a scathing criticism and analysis of fascism, with a study of the rise of fascism in Germany, Italy and other countries. He defined fascism as a violent authoritarian, ultranationalist and irrational theory: "Fascism is antithetical to everything of substance within the liberal tradition."

After Stalin's death, Palme Dutt's reaction to Nikita Khrushchev's Secret Speech played down its significance, with Dutt arguing that Stalin's "sun" unsurprisingly contained some "spots". A hardliner in the party, he disagreed with its criticisms of the Soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia in 1968 and opposed its increasingly Eurocommunist line in the 1970s. He retired from his party positions but remained a member until his death in 1974. According to the historian Geoff Andrews, the Communist Party of the Soviet Union was still paying the CPGB around £15,000 a year "for pensions" into the 1970s, recipients of which "included Rajani Palme Dutt".

The Labour History Archive and Study Centre at the People's History Museum in Manchester has Palme Dutt's papers in its collection, spanning from 1908 to 1971.

India visit

RPD Portrait at PPH, Jhandewalan, Delhi

In 1946 the British Indian Government permitted RPD to visit his father's country for the first time since 1921, this time as a special correspondent for the Daily Worker. The visit lasted four months, during which he spoke at several rallies in different cities of India, all organised by the Communist Party of India. During this time he also interacted with many of that Party's workers, along with senior leaders including PC Joshi. During this visit he also met several important leaders of India including Mahatma Gandhi, Jawaharlal Nehru, Vallabhbhai Patel, Mohammad Ali Jinnah and Stafford Cripps. He was also invited by newly-built All India Radio for a broadcast. His visit had such a profound effect upon Indian Communists that when they established the headquarters of their “People’s Publishing House (PPH)” in Jhandewalan, Delhi, between 1956 and 1958 they named the building the “R. Palme Dutt Bhawan” (Bhawan meaning Building) after RPD. On that building's second floor stairwell hung a portrait of RPD taken during his 1946 visit to India, remaining there until very recently and now possibly hanging in the Party's headquarters at Ajoy Bhawan.

Works

  • 1920: The Sabotage of Europe
  • 1920: The Two Internationals
  • 1921: Back to Plotinus, Review of Shaw's Back to Methusela: A Metaphysical Pentateuch
  • 1921: Psycho-Analysing the Bolshevik, Review of Kolnai's Psycho-analysis and Sociology
  • 1922: The End of Gandhi
  • 1923: The British Empire
  • 1923: The Issue in Europe
  • 1925: Empire Socialism (pamphlet)
  • 1926: The Meaning of the General Strike (pamphlet)
  • 1926: Trotsky and His English Critics
  • 1928: Indian Awakening
  • 1931: India
  • 1931: Capitalism or Socialism in Britain? (pamphlet)
  • 1933: Democracy and Fascism (pamphlet)
  • 1933: A Note on the Falsification of Engels' Preface to "Marx’s 'Class Struggles in France"
  • 1934: Fascism and Social Revolution
  • 1935: The Question of Fascism and Capitalist Decay
  • 1935: British Policy and Nazi Germany
  • 1935: The British-German Alliance in the Open
  • 1935: For a united Communist Party : an appeal to I.L.P'ers and to all revolutionary workers
  • 1936: In Memory of Shapurji Saklatvala
  • 1936: Anti-Imperialist People's Front in India, written with Ben Bradley
  • 1936: Left Nationalism in India
  • 1938: On the Eve of the Indian National Congress, with Harry Pollitt and Ben Bradley
  • 1938: Review of Marx & Engels on the U.S. Civil War
  • 1939: Why this War? (pamphlet)
  • 1940: Twentieth Anniversary of the Communist Party of Great Britain
  • 1940: India Today
  • 1947: Declaration on Palestine, at the Empire Communist Parties Conference, London on 26 February to 3 March 1947
  • 1949: Introductory Report on Election Programme
  • 1953: Stalin and the Future
  • 1953: The crisis of Britain and the British Empire (new and revised edition 1957)
  • 1955: India Today and Tomorrow
  • 1963: Problems of Contemporary History
  • 1964: The Internationale
  • 1967: Whither China?

Footnotes

  1. Ahir, Rajiv (2018). A Brief History of Modern India. Spectrum Books (P) Limited. p. 15. ISBN 978-81-7930-688-8.
  2. Gopalkrishna Gandhi, Of a Certain Age: Twenty Life Sketches, Penguin Books, pp. 135, 2011
  3. Faruque Ahmed, Bengal Politics in Britain – Logic, Dynamics & Disharmony pp. 57, 2010.
  4. ^ Dutt, R. Palme (1947). India Today (Dust Jacket, Blurb biography). Raj Bhuvan, Sandhurst Road, Bombay 4: People’s Publishing House.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location (link)
  5. Henrik Berggren, Underbara dagar framför oss. En biografi över Olof Palme, Stockholm: Norstedts, 2010; p.659
  6. Balliol College Register, 3rd Edition, p173
  7. ^ Colin Holmes "Rajani Palme Dutt", in A. Thomas Lane (ed.), Biographical Dictionary of European Labor Leaders, Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1995; vol. 2, p.284
  8. Francis Beckett Enemy Within: The Rise and Fall of the British Communist Party, London: John Murray, 1995
  9. Roberts, Edwin A. (1997). The Anglo-Marxists: A Study in Ideology and Culture. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 9780847683963.
  10. Rajani Palme Dutt – Biography Archived 15 March 2010 at the Wayback Machine
  11. J. Callaghan, Rajani Palme Dutt. London: Lawrence and Wishart, 1993.
  12. Geoff Andrews, Endgames and New Times, The Final Years of British Communism 1964–1991, Lawrence and Wishart, London 2004, p. 94
  13. Collection Catalogues and Descriptions, Labour History Archive and Study Centre, archived from the original on 13 January 2015, retrieved 12 February 2015
  14. "RPD Travel Notes" (PDF). Marxists Internet Archive. Retrieved 27 March 2024.
  15. "RPD India Visit" (PDF). Marxists Internet Archive. Retrieved 27 March 2024.
  16. "End page Address Section" (PDF). New Age Weekly. October 1956.
  17. "New Age Advertisement Address" (PDF). New Age Weekly: 6. October 1958. Retrieved 27 March 2024.
  18. Gupt, Anand (2007). Delhi ki Communist Party ka Itihaas (History of Communist Party of Delhi). Urdu Bazaar, Jama Masjid, Delhi 110006: Communist Party of India, Delhi State Committee. p. 70.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location (link)
  19. Dutt, R. Palme. "R. Palme Dutt Archive". marxists.org. Retrieved 9 February 2018.
  20. Dutt, Rajani Palme (1931). Capitalism or socialism in Britain?. Communist Party of Great Britain.
  21. Dutt, Rajani Palme (1939). Why this war?. Communist Party of Great Britain.

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Preceded byNew publication
Thomas A. Jackson as editor of The Communist 		Editor of Workers' Weekly
1923–1924 		Succeeded byJ. R. Campbell
Preceded byIdris Cox Editor of the Daily Worker
1936–1938 		Succeeded byDave Springhall
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Preceded byHarry Pollitt Acting General Secretary of the Communist Party of Great Britain
1939–1941 		Succeeded byHarry Pollitt
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